CN111262436B - Buck converter with adaptive slope compensation - Google Patents

Buck converter with adaptive slope compensation Download PDF

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CN111262436B
CN111262436B CN202010189507.1A CN202010189507A CN111262436B CN 111262436 B CN111262436 B CN 111262436B CN 202010189507 A CN202010189507 A CN 202010189507A CN 111262436 B CN111262436 B CN 111262436B
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voltage
transconductance amplifier
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CN111262436A (en
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甄少伟
杨明宇
章玉飞
罗攀
易子皓
方舟
罗萍
张波
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load

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  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

A Buck converter with self-adaptive slope compensation is characterized in that a first transconductance amplifier calculates the difference between feedback voltage and reference voltage to obtain original control current; the second transconductance amplifier calculates the difference between the feedback voltage and the reference voltage, the difference current and the current of a second current source are superposed and sent to a second capacitor, a second switch is controlled through a signal output by a Q output end of the D trigger to form a slope voltage with a variable slope, and then a slope current with the variable slope is generated by a fourth transconductance amplifier; the third transconductance amplifier forms a current containing output voltage information according to a voltage difference between the first voltage source and the ground; the current multiplier multiplies the original control current by the slope current with the variable slope to divide the current with the output voltage information to obtain the self-adaptive slope current with the control information, then the self-adaptive slope current is converted into a self-adaptive slope voltage signal by utilizing the first resistor to be connected to the positive input end of the first comparator, and the comparison signal controls the driving module.

Description

Buck converter with adaptive slope compensation
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of analog integrated circuits, and particularly relates to a Buck converter with self-adaptive slope compensation.
Background
In a conventional Constant On-Time (COT) controlled Buck converter with fixed slope compensation, as shown in FIG. 1, an inductor current and a voltage V generated by a sampling resistor are usedLAnd EA output control voltage VCAnd a fixed RAMP for comparison, each time the voltage V generated by the inductor currentLBelow the sum of Vc and RAMP, the comparator COMP1 output is high, resulting in a constant on-time TonIncreasing the inductor current; when T isonAfter finishing, the inductive current is reduced and returns to the valley value again to enter the next TonAnd controlling the Buck converter accordingly.
The conventional Buck converter controlled by constant on-time with fixed slope compensation has good signal-to-noise ratio, and can enable a chip to work in a high-noise environment; the duty ratio can be rapidly changed when the load steps, so that the response speed of the transient state is improved; and the conversion efficiency is high under light load, and a traditional mode switching circuit is not required to be designed. However, the conventional Buck converter with constant on-time control compensated by a fixed ramp has the following problems: (1) compared with a conventional Buck converter controlled by constant on-time, due to the introduction of the slope, one more pole is introduced in a frequency domain, so that the response speed of the system in a transient state is reduced. (2) In addition, when the inductor current ripple is large, the slope of the inductor current and the voltage generated by the sampling resistor is large enough, and excessive slope compensation is not needed, so that the unit gain bandwidth is reduced due to the excessive compensation, and the response speed is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the transient response speed of the conventional constant-conduction-time-controlled Buck converter with fixed slope compensation is slow, the invention provides a Buck converter with adaptive slope compensation, wherein a compensation slope is modulated according to the output voltage and the feedback voltage of the Buck converter, so that the transient response speed is improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a Buck converter with self-adaptive slope compensation comprises a first switch tube, a second switch tube, a power inductor, a first feedback resistor, a second feedback resistor, a sampling resistor, a first comparator, a second comparator, a D trigger and a driving module,
one end of the first switching tube is connected with an input signal of the Buck converter, and the other end of the first switching tube is connected with one end of the second switching tube, one end of the power inductor and one end of the sampling resistor; the other end of the second switch tube is grounded;
the negative input end of the first comparator is connected with the other end of the sampling resistor, and the output end of the first comparator is connected with the clock input end of the D trigger;
the other end of the power inductor outputs an output signal of the Buck converter and is grounded through a series structure of a first feedback resistor and a second feedback resistor;
the data input end of the D trigger is connected with power supply voltage, the reset end of the D trigger is connected with the output end of the second comparator, and the Q output end of the D trigger outputs a duty ratio signal;
the driving module generates control signals of a first switching tube and a second switching tube according to the duty ratio signal;
the Buck converter further comprises a first transconductance amplifier, a second transconductance amplifier, a third transconductance amplifier, a fourth transconductance amplifier, a first current source, a second current source, a first voltage source, a second voltage source, a first switch, a second switch, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a first resistor and a current multiplier;
wherein the first voltage source is used for providing a voltage signal proportional to an output signal of the Buck converter, the second voltage source is used for providing a reference voltage signal, and the first current source and the second current source are used for providing a constant value current signal;
the series point of the first feedback resistor and the second feedback resistor is connected with the negative input end of the first transconductance amplifier and the negative input end of the second transconductance amplifier, and the second voltage source is connected with the positive input end of the first transconductance amplifier and the positive input end of the second transconductance amplifier;
one end of the second capacitor is connected with the output end of the second transconductance amplifier, the second current source and the positive input end of the fourth transconductance amplifier, and the other end of the second capacitor is grounded; the negative input end of the fourth transconductance amplifier is grounded;
the second switch is connected with two ends of the second capacitor, and the control end of the second switch is connected with the Q output end of the D trigger;
one end of the first capacitor is connected with the first current source and the positive input end of the second comparator, and the other end of the first capacitor is grounded;
the first switch is connected with two ends of the first capacitor, and the control end of the first switch is connected with the D trigger
Figure BDA0002415351390000021
An output end;
the positive input end of the third transconductance amplifier is connected with the negative input end of the second comparator and the first voltage source, and the negative input end of the third transconductance amplifier is grounded;
the current multiplier is used for multiplying the output current signal of the first transconductance amplifier by the output current signal of the fourth transconductance amplifier and dividing the output current signal by the output current signal of the third transconductance amplifier to obtain an output current signal of the current multiplier, and the output current signal of the current multiplier is connected with the positive input end of the first comparator after passing through the first resistor.
Specifically, the current value of the first current source
Figure BDA0002415351390000022
Wherein VONIs the voltage value of the first voltage source, CONIs the capacitance value of the first capacitor, TONThe conduction time of the Buck converter is;
current value of the second current source
Figure BDA0002415351390000023
Wherein VOUTIs the output voltage value, R, of the Buck converteriIs the resistance value of the sampling resistor, L is the inductance value of the power inductor, CRAMPIs the capacitance value of the second capacitor, GRIs the transconductance value, R, of the fourth transconductance amplifierCIs as followsA resistance value of a resistor.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a self-adaptive slope compensation mode, wherein a compensation slope is modulated by the output voltage and the feedback voltage of a Buck converter, the slope of the slope compensated under different output conditions is different due to the modulation mode of the output voltage, the transient response when the output voltage is larger is effectively improved, and the response speed is effectively improved; the slope of the slope is different when the slope changes in a transient state by the modulation mode of the feedback voltage, so that the transient response is effectively improved; the invention solves the problem that the conventional fixed slope compensation constant-conduction-time control Buck converter cannot realize quick transient response.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional fixed ramp compensated constant on-time controlled Buck converter circuit.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a Buck converter circuit with adaptive slope compensation according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph comparing the slope size and the noise immunity of an adaptive slope compensation Buck converter according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of transient response of a step on a load current of an adaptive slope compensated Buck converter according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison of transient response of step-down of load current of an adaptive slope compensated Buck converter according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a Buck converter with adaptive slope compensation, which comprises a first switching tube M shown in figure 21A second switch tube M2A power inductor L, a first feedback resistor RFB1A second feedback resistor RFB2Sampling resistor RiThe circuit comprises a first comparator COMP1, a second comparator COMP2, a D trigger DFF, a driving module Driver and a first transconductance amplifier GEAA second transconductance amplifier Gm1A third transconductance amplifier Gm2And the fourth spanAmplifier GRA first current source IONA second current source IRAMPA first voltage source VONA second voltage source VREFA first switch SONA second switch SRAMPA first capacitor CONA second capacitor CRAMPA first resistor RCAnd a current multiplier M; rLIs the load resistance of the Buck converter, COIs the output capacitance, R, of the Buck converterCOIs a capacitor COESR resistance (equivalent series resistance).
Wherein the first voltage source VONFor providing an output signal V to the Buck converterOUTProportional voltage signals, e.g. first voltage source VONThe voltage value of which is the output signal V of the Buck converterOUTHalf or other ratio. A second voltage source VREFFor providing the reference voltage signal is a fixed value. A first current source IONAnd a second current source IRAMPFor providing a constant current signal, a first current source IONAnd a second current source IRAMPIs determined from the reference voltage, which is also a fixed value. Wherein the first current source IONThe current value of (1) is the input voltage V through the Buck converterINAn output voltage VOUTAnd a switching frequency FSWJointly determining:
Figure BDA0002415351390000031
VONis the voltage value of the first voltage source, CONIs the capacitance value of the first capacitor, TONThe on time of the Buck converter is expressed as follows:
Figure BDA0002415351390000041
a second current source IRAMPThe generated equivalent ramp voltage should not exceed half of the original falling slope, i.e. the second current source IRAMPShould satisfy:
Figure BDA0002415351390000042
wherein VOUTIs the output voltage value, R, of the Buck converteriIs the resistance value of the sampling resistor, L is the inductance value of the power inductor, CRAMPIs the capacitance value of the second capacitor, GRIs the transconductance value, R, of the fourth transconductance amplifierCIs the resistance of the first resistor.
As shown in fig. 2, the first switch tube M1One end of which is connected with an input signal V of the Buck converterINThe other end is connected with a second switch tube M2One end of the power inductor L, one end of the sampling resistor RiOne end of (a); second switch tube M2The other end of the first and second electrodes is grounded; the negative input end of the first comparator COMP1 is connected with the sampling resistor RiThe output end of the other end of the D flip-flop is connected with the clock input end Clk of the D flip-flop DFF; the other end of the power inductor L outputs an output signal V of the Buck converterOUTAnd through a first feedback resistor RFB1And a second feedback resistor RFB2The series structure of (2) is grounded; a data input end D of the D trigger DFF is connected with a power supply voltage, a Reset end Reset of the D trigger DFF is connected with an output end of a second comparator COMP2, and a Q output end of the D trigger DFF outputs a duty ratio signal; the driving module Driver generates control signals of the first switching tube and the second switching tube according to the duty ratio signal; in FIG. 1, the first switch tube M1And a second switching tube M2Is an NMOS transistor, a first switch transistor M1And a second switching tube M2The grid electrode of the first switch tube M is connected with a control signal output by the Driver of the driving module1Is connected to the input signal V of the Buck converterINThe source electrode of the first switch tube is connected with the second switch tube M2Drain electrode of (1), second switching tube M2Is grounded.
First feedback resistor RFB1And a second feedback resistor RFB2The series connection structure of the Buck converterOUTVoltage division is carried out, and the divided signals pass through a first feedback resistor RFB1And a second feedback resistor RFB2Is connected to the first transconductance amplifier GEANegative direction ofAn input terminal and a second transconductance amplifier Gm1Negative input terminal of, a second voltage source VREFConnecting a first transconductance amplifier GEAAnd a second transconductance amplifier Gm1The positive input terminal of (1); second capacitor CRAMPOne end of which is connected to the second transconductance amplifier Gm1Output terminal of the first current source IRAMPAnd a fourth transconductance amplifier GRThe other end of the positive input end of the switch is grounded; fourth transconductance amplifier GRThe negative input terminal of (2) is grounded; a second switch SRAMPIs connected to the second capacitor CRAMPTwo ends, the control end of which is connected with the Q output end of the D trigger DFF; a first capacitor CONOne end of which is connected with a first current source IONAnd a positive input terminal of a second comparator COMP2, the other terminal of which is grounded; sONThe first switch is connected with the first capacitor CONTwo ends, the control end of which is connected to a D flip-flop
Figure BDA0002415351390000043
An output end; third transconductance amplifier Gm2Is connected to the negative input terminal of the second comparator COMP2 and the first voltage source VONThe negative input end of the transformer is grounded; the current multiplier M is used for multiplying the first transconductance amplifier GEAIs multiplied by a fourth transconductance amplifier GRIs divided by the third transconductance amplifier Gm2To obtain an output current signal I of the current multiplier MMCAnd through the first resistor RCAnd then to the positive input of a first comparator COMP 1.
The working process and working principle of the invention are as follows:
first voltage dividing resistor RFB1And a second voltage dividing resistor RFB2For output voltage VOUTThe voltage division is carried out to obtain a feedback voltage VFBFirst transconductance amplifier GEAWill feedback the voltage VFBAnd a reference voltage V provided by a second voltage sourceREFObtaining difference, generating original control current I after error amplification and transconductance amplificationC
Second transconductance amplifier Gm1Will feedback the voltage VFBAnd a reference voltage V provided by a second voltage sourceREFTaking the difference and comparing the difference current with a second current source IRAMPThe supplied current is superposed and sent to a second capacitor CRAMPThe second switch S is controlled by the signal output from the Q output terminal of the D flip-flop DFFRAMPForming a slope voltage with variable slope; then passing through a fourth transconductance amplifier GRGenerating a ramp current I of variable slopeR. According to the invention, the slope current with variable slope is obtained by adding the current obtained by subtracting the feedback voltage from the reference voltage and the fixed current.
Third transconductance amplifier Gm2According to a first voltage source VONThe voltage difference between ground is formed to include the output voltage VOUTCurrent I of informationVON. The present invention obtains a current including output information by subtracting a voltage signal proportional to an output voltage from a ground voltage.
The current multiplier M will control the current I originallyCRamp current I multiplied by a variable slopeRDivided by a current I with output voltage informationVONAnd calculating to obtain the self-adaptive ramp current I with control informationMC. Reuse the first resistor RCAdaptive ramp current IMCConverted into a voltage signal VMCThe positive input terminal of the first comparator COMP1 is accessed. The first comparator COMP1 is based on the voltage signal VMCAnd a sampling resistor RiConverted voltage signal VLAnd generating a clock signal of the D trigger DFF for controlling the Driver of the driving module.
As shown in FIG. 2, when the system is outputting stably, the first voltage dividing resistor R is set due to different application conditionsFB1And a second voltage dividing resistor RFB2In the first divider resistance RFB1Voltage V onFB1Different. Because the slope brings extra poles to the system, the expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0002415351390000051
wherein Fsw is the switching frequency of the system, SeSlope of ramp voltage for equivalent generation, SfIs the falling slope of the sampled voltage. The expressions of the latter two are respectively:
Figure BDA0002415351390000052
Figure BDA0002415351390000053
wherein Igm1Is a second transconductance amplifier Gm1C is a second capacitor CRAMPCapacity value of (I)RAMPIs the current value of the second current source, GRIs the transconductance value of the fourth transconductance amplifier, ICIs the output current of the first transconductance amplifier, RCIs the resistance value of the first resistor, Igm2Is a third transconductance amplifier Gm2Output current value of RiIs the resistance value of the sampling resistor, VOL is the inductance of the power inductor.
So that the falling slope S of the sampled voltage is low at low outputfToo small, as shown in FIG. 3, is susceptible to noise, due to the output voltage VoSmaller, VFB1Also smaller, the output current I of the third transconductance amplifier Gm2gm2Small value, passing second capacitor CRAMPResulting slope S of the ramp voltageeIncreasing and thereby improving the noise immunity of the system. When the output voltage is large, the first voltage source VONThe voltage value of (2) is large, and the falling slope S of the sampling voltagefLarger, so that the sampling voltage and the control voltage V areCHas a large included angle, is not easily influenced by noise, and has a V shapeONLarger output current I of the third transconductance amplifier Gm2gm2The value is large, the slope of the ramp current generated by the current multiplier becomes low, so that the slope S of the ramp voltage generated equivalently is loweDecreasing, the falling slope S of the sampled voltagefLarger, the pole generated by the slope is increased, the bandwidth of the system is improved, and the response speed is improved. Since the system is a stable output, secondFeedback resistor RFB2Voltage V onFB2Does not change and has a value approximately equal to the second voltage source VREFSupplied reference voltage, second transconductance amplifier Gm1No output, at this time Igm1The value of (A) is 0, and does not affect the system.
Under the same output environment, the system carries out load step, and the second feedback resistor RFB2Voltage V onFB2Changed, the second transconductance amplifier Gm1Output current I ofgm1A change occurs. When the system load is stepped up, as shown in fig. 4, VFB2Decrease rapidly, Igm1Is changed into a second capacitor CRAMPCharging, rapidly increasing slope of ramp voltage to rapidly increase the slope of current input to the current multiplier M, thereby generating equivalent slope S of ramp voltageeThe duty ratio is increased, so that the first comparator COMP1 can send out a signal in advance, and the conduction time of the second switch tube M2 is shortened, so that the duty ratio is increased rapidly, and the output voltage V is reducedOUTThe undershoot amplitude of.
When the system load is stepped down, V is shown in FIG. 5FB2Rapidly increase, Igm1Is changed into a second capacitor CRAMPPumping to rapidly reduce slope of ramp voltage, so as to reduce slope of current input to current multiplier, thereby reducing slope S of equivalently generated ramp voltageeDelaying the first comparator COMP1 to send out signal, increasing the conduction time of the second switch tube M2, and rapidly reducing the duty ratio, thereby slowing down the output voltage VOUTUp-rush amplitude of (2).
After the system has stabilized, V is determined according to the two cases of step-up and step-down described aboveFB2And VREFVoltage is substantially the same, Igm1The value of (c) becomes 0, and does not affect the system steady state. When stepping up and down, VONWill also be mixed with VFB2Are likewise made smaller and larger, Igm2Will also become larger and smaller, acting as sum in the multipliergm1Equivalent in function, but Gm2Much less than Gm1Therefore I isgm2The resulting change is substantially negligible.
Therefore, the invention provides an adaptive rampBuck converter with compensated constant on-time control according to output voltage VOUTAnd a feedback voltage V output by the series point of the first feedback resistor and the second feedback resistorFBModulating a compensating ramp, a third transconductance amplifier Gm2According to a first voltage source VONThe voltage difference between ground is formed to include the output voltage VOUTCurrent I of informationVONThe modulation of the output voltage is realized, so that the slope slopes compensated by the slopes under different output conditions are different, the transient response is effectively improved when the output voltage is larger, and the response speed is effectively improved; second transconductance amplifier Gm1Will feedback the voltage VFBAnd a reference voltage V provided by a second voltage sourceREFTaking the difference and comparing the difference current with a second current source IRAMPThe supplied current is superposed and sent to a second capacitor CRAMPThe second switch S is controlled by the signal output from the Q output terminal of the D flip-flop DFFRAMPForming a slope voltage with variable slope, and passing through a fourth transconductance amplifier GRGenerating a ramp current I of variable slopeRThe feedback voltage modulation is realized, so that the slopes are different when the slopes change in a transient state, and the transient response is effectively improved. The invention solves the problem that the traditional fixed slope compensation constant on-time control Buck converter cannot realize quick transient response, can effectively reduce overshoot voltage, reduce recovery time and improve loop stability. .
Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. A Buck converter with self-adaptive slope compensation comprises a first switch tube, a second switch tube, a power inductor, a first feedback resistor, a second feedback resistor, a sampling resistor, a first comparator, a second comparator, a D trigger and a driving module,
one end of the first switching tube is connected with an input signal of the Buck converter, and the other end of the first switching tube is connected with one end of the second switching tube, one end of the power inductor and one end of the sampling resistor; the other end of the second switch tube is grounded;
the negative input end of the first comparator is connected with the other end of the sampling resistor, and the output end of the first comparator is connected with the clock input end of the D trigger;
the other end of the power inductor outputs an output signal of the Buck converter and is grounded through a series structure of a first feedback resistor and a second feedback resistor;
the data input end of the D trigger is connected with power supply voltage, the reset end of the D trigger is connected with the output end of the second comparator, and the Q output end of the D trigger outputs a duty ratio signal;
the driving module generates control signals of a first switching tube and a second switching tube according to the duty ratio signal;
the Buck converter is characterized by further comprising a first transconductance amplifier, a second transconductance amplifier, a third transconductance amplifier, a fourth transconductance amplifier, a first current source, a second current source, a first voltage source, a second voltage source, a first switch, a second switch, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a first resistor and a current multiplier;
wherein the first voltage source is used for providing a voltage signal proportional to an output signal of the Buck converter, the second voltage source is used for providing a reference voltage signal, and the first current source and the second current source are used for providing a constant value current signal;
the series point of the first feedback resistor and the second feedback resistor is connected with the negative input end of the first transconductance amplifier and the negative input end of the second transconductance amplifier, and the second voltage source is connected with the positive input end of the first transconductance amplifier and the positive input end of the second transconductance amplifier;
one end of the second capacitor is connected with the output end of the second transconductance amplifier, the second current source and the positive input end of the fourth transconductance amplifier, and the other end of the second capacitor is grounded; the negative input end of the fourth transconductance amplifier is grounded;
the second switch is connected with two ends of the second capacitor, and the control end of the second switch is connected with the Q output end of the D trigger;
one end of the first capacitor is connected with the first current source and the positive input end of the second comparator, and the other end of the first capacitor is grounded;
the first switch is connected with two ends of the first capacitor, and the control end of the first switch is connected with the D trigger
Figure FDA0002415351380000011
An output end;
the positive input end of the third transconductance amplifier is connected with the negative input end of the second comparator and the first voltage source, and the negative input end of the third transconductance amplifier is grounded;
the current multiplier is used for multiplying the output current signal of the first transconductance amplifier by the output current signal of the fourth transconductance amplifier and dividing the output current signal by the output current signal of the third transconductance amplifier to obtain an output current signal of the current multiplier, and the output current signal of the current multiplier is connected with the positive input end of the first comparator after passing through the first resistor.
2. The adaptive slope compensated Buck converter according to claim 1, wherein a current value of the first current source
Figure FDA0002415351380000012
Wherein VONIs the voltage value of the first voltage source, CONIs the capacitance value of the first capacitor, TONThe conduction time of the Buck converter is;
current value of the second current source
Figure FDA0002415351380000021
Wherein VOUTIs the output voltage value, R, of the Buck converteriIs the resistance value of the sampling resistor, L is the inductance value of the power inductor, CRAMPIs the capacitance value of the second capacitor, GRIs the transconductance value, R, of the fourth transconductance amplifierCIs the resistance of the first resistor.
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