CN111262013B - Broadband vertical polarization antenna with half-space covering function - Google Patents

Broadband vertical polarization antenna with half-space covering function Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111262013B
CN111262013B CN202010059195.2A CN202010059195A CN111262013B CN 111262013 B CN111262013 B CN 111262013B CN 202010059195 A CN202010059195 A CN 202010059195A CN 111262013 B CN111262013 B CN 111262013B
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metal
disc
antenna
metal body
equal
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CN111262013A (en
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吴琦
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Beihang University
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Beihang University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/285—Aircraft wire antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/364—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith using a particular conducting material, e.g. superconductor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a broadband vertical polarization antenna with a half-space covering function, which comprises a metal bottom plate, a disc-shaped conical metal body and a spiral linear metal belt, wherein the disc-shaped conical metal body is erected above the metal bottom plate, the spiral linear metal belt is spirally wound on the periphery of the disc-shaped conical metal body, the disc-shaped conical metal body is an inverted frustum cone, the radius of a lower circle of the disc-shaped conical metal body is smaller than that of an upper circle of the disc-shaped conical metal body, a distance g is formed between the lower circle and the metal bottom plate, a gap s is formed between the spiral linear metal belt and the disc-shaped conical metal body, one end of the spiral linear metal belt is in contact with the metal bottom plate. The invention can realize that the gain of the upper half plane of the antenna is all larger than-3.5 dBi, and realize the half-space coverage of the directional diagram. In addition, the antenna has the characteristics of small size and strong stability, and can meet the installation and use requirements on a fighter.

Description

Broadband vertical polarization antenna with half-space covering function
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of antenna design, and particularly relates to a broadband vertical polarization antenna with a half-space covering function.
Background
Communication between aircraft is an important requirement in the design of airborne antennas. The azimuth angle, the pitch angle and the roll angle between two airplanes are often changed greatly, and particularly for a fighter plane platform, when various tactical maneuvers are carried out, the relative position between the two airplanes is often changed greatly in a short time. In such situations, it is important to ensure proper communication between the aircraft, which can have serious consequences if there is a problem with the communication between the aircraft during this time. This places a high demand on the inter-aircraft communication antennas, i.e. the directional patterns of the antennas are required to have a large spatial coverage to ensure proper communication between the aircraft in the event of rapid changes in the relative positions of the two aircraft.
A common airborne communication antenna between airplanes adopts a monopole antenna form, the antenna is omni-directional covered on the azimuth plane of the airplane, and the polarization condition of the antenna is better, namely vertical polarization. But such antennas have poor coverage on the pitch plane of the aircraft, as a consequence of the characteristics of the antenna itself. Through preliminary simulation calculation, the gain of-3 dBi is taken as a standard, the monopole antenna can only cover about 60% of space angle above the airplane, and the gain of the antenna is extremely low right above the airplane, so that the requirement of normal communication between the airplanes can not be met completely.
However, it is not sufficient to just satisfy the half-space coverage of the antenna. Since the communication frequency between the airplanes is not fixed, the communication frequency needs to be changed frequently in order to prevent interception, and therefore, the communication antenna needs to be capable of performing half-space coverage in a broadband range. In addition, the polarization of the antenna is important, and vertical polarization is often used for communication antennas between aircraft.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention designs the broadband vertical polarization antenna with the half-space coverage function, and the gain of the antenna on the upper half plane can be all larger than-3.5 dBi by combining the disc conical metal body antenna and the spiral linear metal strip antenna, so that the half-space coverage of a directional diagram is realized. In addition, the antenna designed by the invention has the characteristics of small size and strong stability, and can meet the installation and use requirements on a fighter.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a broadband vertical polarization antenna having a half-space coverage function, including a metal chassis, a discoid tapered metal body erected above the metal chassis, and a spiral-shaped metal strip spirally wound around an outer periphery of the discoid tapered metal body.
The disc-cone-shaped metal body is an inverted truncated cone, the radius of a lower circle of the disc-cone-shaped metal body is smaller than that of an upper circle of the disc-cone-shaped metal body, a distance g is formed between the lower circle and the metal bottom plate,
the spiral metal band and the disc-shaped conical metal body have a gap s therebetween, one end of the spiral metal band contacts the metal bottom plate, and the other end of the spiral metal band extends upwards and spirally beyond the disc-shaped conical metal body, and the structure of the spiral metal band is expressed by the following parametric equation:
x＝(p+qt/(2π))*cos(t)
y＝(p+qt/(2π))*sin(t)
z＝ut/(2π)
wherein x, y and z are respectively position coordinates of each point on the spiral metal belt, and the unit is mm; p, q and u are respectively undetermined constants, p is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 10, q is more than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 40, and u is more than or equal to 15 and less than or equal to 50; t is a parameter of the parameter equation, and t is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 4 pi.
In some embodiments, the width w of the helical metal strip may be 1-3 mm.
In some embodiments, the distance g may be 1-10 mm.
In some embodiments, the gap s may be 1-10 mm. The specific value of the gap s can be determined by the parametric equation of the helical metal strip and the size of the discoid metal body.
In some embodiments, the metal base plate and the spiral metal strip may be made of a copper plate having a thickness of 0.2 to 2 mm.
In some embodiments, the metal base plate may be a square plate.
In some embodiments, the axis of the disc-tapered metal body is located at the very center of the metal baseplate.
In some embodiments, the wavelength of the broadband vertically polarized antenna may be 160mm to 230 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the disc-cone-shaped metal body antenna and the spiral linear metal strip antenna are combined, so that the gain of the upper half plane of the antenna is all larger than-3.5 dBi, and the half-space coverage of a directional diagram is realized.
2) Because the two antennas of the disc-cone-shaped metal body antenna and the spiral linear metal strip antenna have vertical polarization characteristics, the antenna can be combined outside the range of the antenna with theta being equal to 0 degrees, and the vertical polarization gain of the upper half plane is all larger than-3.5 dBi (due to the limitation of physical factors, the antenna cannot realize vertical polarization in the range of the antenna with theta being equal to 0 degrees), namely, the half-space coverage of a vertical polarization directional diagram is realized.
3) Because the two antennas of the disc-cone-shaped metal body antenna and the spiral linear metal strip antenna have broadband characteristics, the gain directional diagram of the antenna can be enabled to change less in a very wide frequency band by combining the two antennas, and the directional diagram half-space coverage in a broadband range is realized.
4) The antenna has the advantages of simple structure, convenient realization and strong structural stability, and can be suitable for different application scenes.
5) The antenna of the invention is only composed of metal and does not comprise a dielectric plate, thus being suitable for high and low temperature environments encountered in airplane flight and ensuring the working performance of the antenna.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a broadband vertical polarization antenna with a half-space coverage function according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a top view of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view with a radome structure.
Fig. 5 is a voltage standing wave ratio parameter plot for a wideband vertically polarized antenna of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a vertical polarization gain pattern at 1.3GHz for a wideband vertical polarization antenna of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a vertical polarization gain pattern at 1.5GHz for a wideband vertical polarization antenna of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a vertical polarization gain pattern at 1.7GHz for a wideband vertical polarization antenna of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, it being understood that the examples described below are intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention, and are not intended to limit it in any way.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the broadband vertical polarization antenna with a half-space coverage function of the present invention includes a metal chassis 1, a discoid metal body 2, and a spiral-shaped metal strip 3.
The metal base plate 1 may be a metal plate of any planar shape. In the present embodiment, the metal base plate 1 is a square plate, and the axis of the disc-shaped metal body 2 is located at the center of the metal base plate 1.
The disc-cone-shaped metal body 2 is an inverted truncated cone body, and the radius r of a lower circle of the disc-cone-shaped metal body1(not shown in the figure) is smaller than the radius r of the upper circle2. The lower circle of the disc-cone shaped metal body 2 is separated from the metal base plate 1 by a distance g through the support structure,for feeding power. As shown in fig. 4, in order to make the structure more stable, a radome structure may be used to stabilize and support the disc-shaped metal body 2. Particularly, the antenna housing can be made of glass fiber reinforced plastic or other low-loss dielectric materials, the spiral metal band can be printed inside the antenna housing, and the disc-shaped conical metal body can be fixed in a mode of increasing the supporting structure in the antenna housing. In some embodiments, the distance g may be 1-10 mm.
The spiral metal strip 3 is spirally wound around the outer periphery of the discoid metal body 2 with a gap s therebetween, which can be determined by the parametric equation of the spiral metal strip and the size of the discoid metal body. In some embodiments, the spacing s is 1-10 mm.
As shown in the figure, one end of the spiral metal band 3 contacts the metal base plate 1, and the other end extends spirally upward beyond the disc-tapered metal body 2, and the structure thereof is expressed by the following parametric equation:
x＝(p+qt/(2π))*cos(t)
y＝(p+qt/(2π))*sin(t)
z＝ut/(2π)
wherein, x, y and z are respectively the position coordinates of each point on the spiral metal belt 3, and the unit is mm; p, q, u are undetermined constants respectively; t is a parameter of the parameter equation, and t is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 4 pi. In this embodiment, p is 5, q is 25, and u is 30.
In particular, the helical metal strip 3 is not directly connected to the feed structure.
Particularly, the metal base plate 1 and the spiral metal strip 3 are both made of copper plates with the thickness of 0.2-2 mm.
In particular, the wavelength of the broadband vertical polarization antenna of the present invention is 160mm to 230 mm.
The present invention is further explained by the performance test of the broadband vertical polarization antenna of the present invention, first giving the square side length a of the metal base plate 1 to 200mm and the small circular radius r of the disk-shaped metal body 210.5mm, large radius r230mm and 35mm high. It should be understood that one skilled in the art can adjust the size of the antenna without significantly altering the antenna structureThe working frequency of the whole antenna is adapted to different application scenes of the antenna.
The voltage standing wave ratio parameter of the broadband vertical polarization antenna of the present invention is plotted based on the specific parameter values described above, as shown in fig. 5. The voltage standing wave ratio can determine the working frequency band of the antenna, and as can be seen from the figure, the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna in the embodiment from 1.3GHz to 2GHz is less than 2, the antenna can normally work and is a broadband antenna.
Fig. 6 shows the vertical polarization gain pattern of the broadband vertical polarization antenna of the embodiment of the present invention at 1.3GHz, and it can be seen from the figure that the vertical polarization gain pattern of the antenna at 1.3GHz is greater than-3.5 dBi except for z ≧ 0 and θ ═ 0, thereby realizing half-space coverage of the vertical polarization gain of the antenna.
Fig. 7 shows the vertical polarization gain pattern of the broadband vertical polarization antenna of the embodiment of the present invention at 1.5GHz, and it can be seen from the figure that the vertical polarization gain pattern of the antenna at 1.5GHz is greater than-5 dBi except for z ≧ 0 and θ ═ 0, and half-space coverage of the vertical polarization gain of the antenna is realized.
Fig. 8 shows the vertical polarization gain pattern of the broadband vertical polarization antenna of the embodiment of the present invention at 1.7GHz, and it can be seen from the figure that the vertical polarization gain pattern of the antenna at 1.7GHz is greater than-5 dBi except for z ≧ 0 and θ ═ 0, and half-space coverage of the vertical polarization gain of the antenna is realized.
For the application of a battle airborne platform, the antenna has the characteristics of small size and strong stability, and can meet the installation and use requirements on a fighter.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the inventive concept thereof, and these modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. A broadband vertical polarization antenna with a half-space covering function is characterized by comprising a metal base plate, a disc-shaped conical metal body erected above the metal base plate and a spiral linear metal strip spirally wound on the periphery of the disc-shaped conical metal body,
the disc-cone-shaped metal body is an inverted truncated cone, the radius of a lower circle of the disc-cone-shaped metal body is smaller than that of an upper circle of the disc-cone-shaped metal body, a distance g is formed between the lower circle and the metal bottom plate,
the spiral metal band and the disc-shaped conical metal body have a gap s therebetween, one end of the spiral metal band contacts the metal bottom plate, and the other end of the spiral metal band extends upwards and spirally beyond the disc-shaped conical metal body, and the structure of the spiral metal band is expressed by the following parametric equation:
x＝(p+qt/(2π))*cos(t)
y＝(p+qt/(2π))*sin(t)
z＝ut/(2π)
wherein x, y and z are respectively position coordinates of each point on the spiral metal belt, and the unit is mm; p, q and u are respectively undetermined constants, p is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 10, q is more than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 40, and u is more than or equal to 15 and less than or equal to 50; t is a parameter of the parameter equation, and t is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 4 pi.
2. The broadband vertically polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the bandwidth w of the spiral metal strip is 1-10 mm.
3. The broadband vertically polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the distance g is 1-10 mm.
4. The broadband vertically polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the gap s is 1-10 mm.
5. The broadband vertically polarized antenna as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the metal base plate and the helical metal strip are each made of a copper plate having a thickness of 0.2 to 2 mm.
6. The wideband vertically polarized antenna of any of claims 1-4, wherein the metal chassis is a square plate.
7. The wideband vertically polarized antenna of any of claims 1-4, wherein the axis of the discone-shaped metal body is located at the very center of the metal chassis.
8. The wideband vertically polarized antenna of any of claims 1-4, wherein the wavelength of the wideband vertically polarized antenna is between 160mm and 230 mm.
CN202010059195.2A 2020-01-16 2020-01-16 Broadband vertical polarization antenna with half-space covering function Active CN111262013B (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08265036A (en) * 1995-03-22 1996-10-11 Tech Res & Dev Inst Of Japan Def Agency Conical spiral antenna
CN1427506A (en) * 2001-12-20 2003-07-02 三美电机株式会社 Composite aerial device
CN101192711A (en) * 2006-11-20 2008-06-04 启碁科技股份有限公司 Portable electronic device and its antenna
KR20100020875A (en) * 2008-08-13 2010-02-23 (주)에이스안테나 Cylinder type monopole multi-band antenna using non-feeding element
CN108172969A (en) * 2017-12-21 2018-06-15 南京理工大学 A kind of missile-borne minimizes monopole antenna

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006054655A (en) * 2004-08-11 2006-02-23 Neomax Co Ltd Helical antenna
CN204088560U (en) * 2014-08-15 2015-01-07 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 Discone antenna

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08265036A (en) * 1995-03-22 1996-10-11 Tech Res & Dev Inst Of Japan Def Agency Conical spiral antenna
CN1427506A (en) * 2001-12-20 2003-07-02 三美电机株式会社 Composite aerial device
CN101192711A (en) * 2006-11-20 2008-06-04 启碁科技股份有限公司 Portable electronic device and its antenna
KR20100020875A (en) * 2008-08-13 2010-02-23 (주)에이스안테나 Cylinder type monopole multi-band antenna using non-feeding element
CN108172969A (en) * 2017-12-21 2018-06-15 南京理工大学 A kind of missile-borne minimizes monopole antenna

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