CN111260573A - Method for eliminating vignetting phenomenon in surgical microscopic imaging - Google Patents
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for eliminating a vignetting phenomenon in surgical microscopic imaging, which relates to the technical field of image processing, and comprises the following steps: acquiring a response function and a maximum illumination ratio of the operation microscopic imaging system; constructing a vignetting compensation model; correcting the vignetting compensation model; acquiring vignetting intensity of the microsurgical image, and setting a vignetting compensation threshold and a gamma correction threshold, wherein the vignetting compensation threshold is greater than the gamma correction threshold; and judging the size relation between the vignetting intensity and the vignetting compensation threshold and the gamma correction threshold, and performing iterative correction to obtain an output image without the vignetting effect. The embodiment of the invention can solve the problem that the imaging effect is influenced by the vignetting phenomenon in the existing operation microscopic imaging.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of image processing, in particular to a method for eliminating a vignetting phenomenon in surgical microscopic imaging.
Background
In an optical imaging system, the amount of incident light at an object point farther from the optical axis gradually decreases relative to an object point near the optical axis, resulting in a nonlinear attenuation of the illuminance on the image plane from the center of the optical axis to the edge, which is called a vignetting effect. The application of the operation microscopic imaging in the field of microsurgery is more and more extensive, and the optical vignetting effect directly influences the image quality of the operation microscopic imaging acquisition system, thereby influencing the effect of the operation microscopic imaging.
The existing solution methods have two modes, one mode is that the imaging range is reduced according to the radius of the vignetting of the microscopic imaging, so the center of the formed image presents a picture in the range taking the radius of the vignetting as a circle, and other ranges are black, but the method reduces the visual field range; the other is to integrally adjust the white balance of the image according to the illumination of the vignetting area at the periphery of the image, and although the method can effectively reduce the vignetting phenomenon under the condition of not changing the visual field range, the center of the image is easy to generate overexposure when the vignetting effect is obvious.
Therefore, the two modes have certain defects, are not optimal schemes and cannot well solve the vignetting phenomenon in the operation microscopic imaging.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a method for eliminating a vignetting phenomenon in surgical microscopic imaging, which is used for solving the problem that the vignetting phenomenon in the conventional surgical microscopic imaging influences the imaging effect.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention mainly provide the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for eliminating a vignetting phenomenon in surgical microscopic imaging, where the method includes: acquiring a response function and a maximum illumination ratio of the operation microscopic imaging system; constructing a vignetting compensation model; correcting the vignetting compensation model; acquiring vignetting intensity of the microsurgical image, and setting a vignetting compensation threshold and a gamma correction threshold, wherein the vignetting compensation threshold is greater than the gamma correction threshold; and judging the size relation between the vignetting intensity and the vignetting compensation threshold and the gamma correction threshold, and performing iterative correction to obtain an output image without the vignetting effect.
Further, the acquiring the response function and the maximum illumination ratio of the surgical microscopic imaging system specifically includes: selecting a preset image according to the gray average value, calculating the relative irradiation amount of the central coordinate of the preset image, and obtaining a response function according to the relation between the gray average value and the relative irradiation amount; and obtaining the maximum illumination ratio according to the ratio of the relative irradiation of the image center coordinate to the relative irradiation of the point farthest from the image center.
Further, the constructing a vignetting compensation model includes: and calculating the distance between the coordinates of any point of the image and the coordinates of the center point of the image, and combining the response function and the maximum illumination ratio of the operation microscopic imaging system to construct an image vignetting compensation function.
Further, correcting the vignetting compensation model specifically includes: performing feature matching on left and right view images of the surgical microscope by using an SIFT feature matching model; and repairing the vignetting compensation model of the right ocular by using the image imaged by the left ocular of the surgical microscope, and repairing the vignetting compensation model of the left ocular by using the image imaged by the right ocular of the surgical microscope to obtain a repaired image vignetting compensation function.
Further, the vignetting intensity is the ratio of the irradiation amount of the image edge to the image center.
Further, the performing iterative correction specifically includes: when the vignetting intensity is larger than the vignetting compensation threshold, directly outputting an image without the vignetting effect; and when the vignetting intensity is smaller than the vignetting compensation threshold, performing color space transformation on the image, and performing compensation correction by using a vignetting compensation model.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: if the vignetting intensity is smaller than the vignetting compensation threshold and larger than the gamma correction threshold, selecting any color space conversion mode to carry out color space conversion; if the vignetting intensity is smaller than the gamma correction threshold value, color space conversion is carried out in a gamma correction mode.
Further, the method further comprises: after compensating and correcting the image by using the vignetting compensation model, converting the color space of the image back to RGB by using a conversion formula, comparing the size relation among the vignetting intensity of the image, the vignetting compensation threshold and the gamma correction threshold, and performing iteration.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following advantages:
according to the embodiment of the invention, the image is corrected by constructing the vignetting compensation model, different color space conversion modes are selected according to different vignetting intensities of the image, a better correction effect is obtained, correction iteration is carried out until the image without the vignetting phenomenon is output, and the vignetting phenomenon can be effectively eliminated under the condition that the visual field range is unchanged.
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Fig. 1 is a step diagram of a method for eliminating vignetting in surgical microscopic imaging according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a detailed flowchart of a method for eliminating vignetting in surgical microscopic imaging according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as particular system structures, interfaces, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.
The microscopic imaging system refers to a system for photographing and imaging a sample under a microscope. The imaging position of the objective lens is adjusted, the imaging is between one-time focal length and two-time focal length of the ocular lens, the image formed by the objective lens is positioned at the outer side of the front focal point of the ocular lens, a secondary amplified upright real image is obtained through amplification of the ocular lens, and when the light source is strong enough, the photoelectric element of the camera or the video camera is subjected to photosensitive imaging. The microscopic imaging system is a product of combining a microscope and a shooting technology, can observe and shoot microorganisms which cannot be seen by human eyes, and is also often applied to an operation scene for assisting operation treatment. The special connecting lens is additionally connected to the microscope, the CCD camera lens is connected to the microscope, and then the dynamic image is transmitted to the computer to obtain the dynamic image, so that the cell state and the tissue recovery degree in or after the operation can be observed. However, images obtained by the existing microscopic imaging system have a vignetting phenomenon, and in order to eliminate the vignetting phenomenon, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for eliminating the vignetting phenomenon in the surgical microscopic imaging.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the method includes:
step S1: acquiring a response function and a maximum illumination ratio of the operation microscopic imaging system;
the method for acquiring the response function comprises the following steps: and selecting a preset image according to the gray average value, calculating the relative irradiation amount of the central coordinate of the preset image, and obtaining a response function according to the relation between the gray average value and the relative irradiation amount.
In detail, a standard gray scale plate is shot under a fixed focus and a fixed aperture, and a group of digital images I under different exposure times are shot0～InThe exposure times are respectively denoted as t0～tn；
Computing an image IiMean value of central small range of gray scale, note
Get in the image
The digital picture closest to 128 is taken as a preset image and is marked as IpWherein
Recording image IpThe irradiation amount on the last certain photosensitive pixel is HpImage IpExposure time of tpRelative exposure is recorded as H*The relative exposure dose is
Recording image IpHas a pixel center coordinate of (x)p1,yp2) Since the illumination on the pixel is independent of the exposure time t, the relative exposure of the image can be expressed as
By the method, the mean value of the central gray scale of each image is obtained
And
the relationship is expressed as G ═ f (H) as the response function of the surgical microscope device*) Its inverse function is denoted as H*＝f-1(G)。
The method for acquiring the maximum illumination ratio comprises the following steps: and obtaining the maximum illumination ratio according to the ratio of the relative irradiation of the image center coordinate to the relative irradiation of the point farthest from the image center.
In detail, the farthest point from the center of the image is recorded as (x)o1,yo2) Image IpHas a pixel center coordinate of (x)p1,yp2) If the maximum illumination ratio is S, then
Step S2: constructing a vignetting compensation model;
and calculating the distance between the coordinates of any point of the image and the coordinates of the center point of the image, and combining the response function and the maximum illumination ratio of the operation microscopic imaging system to construct an image vignetting compensation function.
Recording the coordinate of any point on the image as (x)i,yj) The coordinate of the center point is (x)s1,ys2) Any point (x)i,yj) And the center of the image (x)s1,ys2) Is D (x)i,yj)，
Then
Based on the distance D (x)i,yj) And the response function G ═ f (H) of the surgical microscopic imaging acquisition system acquired in step S1*) And a maximum illumination ratio S, and constructing an image vignetting compensation function as follows:
step S3: correcting the vignetting compensation model;
specifically, a SIFT feature matching model is used for carrying out feature matching on left and right view images of the surgical microscope; and repairing the vignetting compensation model of the right ocular by using the image imaged by the left ocular of the surgical microscope, and repairing the vignetting compensation model of the left ocular by using the image imaged by the right ocular of the surgical microscope to obtain a repaired image vignetting compensation function. The SIFT, namely, Scale-invariant feature transform, is a description used in the field of image processing, and the description has Scale invariance, can detect key points in an image, is a local feature descriptor, and can be queried in the prior art.
In detail, the model for vignetting compensation after the restoration is
The surgical imaging equipment, such as a surgical microscope, is provided with a left ocular and a right ocular, and for example, a vignetting compensation model of the right ocular is repaired by using an image imaged by the left ocular of the surgical microscope, the brightness mean value of a characteristic matching point in the left ocular imaging is recorded as a, namely the brightness mean value of the characteristic matching point obtained by the right ocular through the vignetting compensation model is recorded as b, and α is the ratio of a to b.
Step S4: acquiring the vignetting intensity of the microsurgical image, and setting a vignetting compensation threshold value and a gamma correction threshold value;
the vignetting intensity of the operation microscopic imaging acquisition system is L, and the intensity is calculated as the ratio of the irradiation quantity of the edge of the image to the center of the image when the real-time image is acquired.
It should be noted that the vignetting compensation threshold is greater than the gamma correction threshold. Wherein the threshold value for vignetting compensation is L0This value can be obtained by experimental results, preferred L00.9. The threshold value of gamma correction is recorded as L1This value can be obtained by experimental results, preferred L1＝0.75。
Step S5: and judging the size relation between the vignetting intensity and the vignetting compensation threshold and the gamma correction threshold, and performing iterative correction to obtain an output image without the vignetting effect.
Referring to fig. 2, specifically, the method includes:
when L > L0When the vignetting intensity is larger than the vignetting compensation threshold value, the image without the vignetting effect is directly output without the vignetting compensation;
when L is<L0And when the image is in the middle, namely when the vignetting intensity is smaller than the vignetting compensation threshold value, converting the RGB color space into the YCbCr color space of the image, and then performing compensation correction by using a vignetting compensation model.
Wherein, if L1<L<L0If the vignetting intensity is less than the vignetting compensation threshold and greater than the gamma correction threshold, and the details of the dark part can be displayed, any color space conversion method is selected for color space conversion, including but not limited to the gamma correction method, and at this time, the conversion calculation formula from the RGB color space to the YCbCr color space is as follows:
if L is<L1And then, converting the color space by a gamma correction mode, wherein the vignetting intensity is smaller than a gamma correction threshold, and the details of a dark part are not easy to show, and at the moment, the conversion calculation formula from the RGB color space to the YCbCr color space is as follows:
after the color space is transformed, correcting the Y or Y 'component by using a vignetting compensation model to obtain a new Y or Y' component after vignetting compensation; and then, utilizing a conversion formula:
mixing L with1<L<L0Converting the color space of the picture back to RGB;
using the formula:
mixing L with<L1The color space of the picture of (a) is converted back to RGB.
And after converting the color space of all the pictures back to RGB, acquiring the vignetting intensity of the images, and performing iteration of the steps according to the size relationship among the vignetting intensity of the images, the vignetting compensation threshold and the gamma correction threshold until the images without the vignetting phenomenon are output, wherein the optimal maximum iteration time is 3.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the image is corrected by constructing the vignetting compensation model, different color space conversion modes are selected according to different vignetting intensities of the image, a better correction effect is obtained, correction iteration is carried out until the image without the vignetting phenomenon is output, and the vignetting phenomenon can be effectively eliminated under the condition that the visual field range is unchanged.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the functionality described in the present invention may be implemented in a combination of hardware and software in one or more of the examples described above. When software is applied, the corresponding functionality may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer.
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made on the basis of the technical solutions of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for eliminating vignetting in surgical microscopy, the method comprising:
acquiring a response function and a maximum illumination ratio of the operation microscopic imaging system;
constructing a vignetting compensation model;
correcting the vignetting compensation model;
acquiring vignetting intensity of the microsurgical image, and setting a vignetting compensation threshold and a gamma correction threshold, wherein the vignetting compensation threshold is greater than the gamma correction threshold;
and judging the size relation between the vignetting intensity and the vignetting compensation threshold and the gamma correction threshold, and performing iterative correction to obtain an output image without the vignetting effect.
2. The method for eliminating vignetting phenomenon in surgical microscopy imaging as claimed in claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the response function and the maximum illumination ratio of the surgical microscopy imaging system specifically comprises:
selecting a preset image according to the gray average value, calculating the relative irradiation amount of the central coordinate of the preset image, and obtaining a response function according to the relation between the gray average value and the relative irradiation amount;
and obtaining the maximum illumination ratio according to the ratio of the relative irradiation of the image center coordinate to the relative irradiation of the point farthest from the image center.
3. The method for eliminating vignetting phenomenon in surgical microscopic imaging according to claim 1, wherein the constructing a vignetting compensation model comprises:
and calculating the distance between the coordinates of any point of the image and the coordinates of the center point of the image, and combining the response function and the maximum illumination ratio of the operation microscopic imaging system to construct an image vignetting compensation function.
4. The method for eliminating the vignetting phenomenon in the surgical microscopic imaging according to claim 1, wherein the step of correcting the vignetting compensation model specifically comprises the steps of:
performing feature matching on left and right view images of the surgical microscope by using an SIFT feature matching model;
and repairing the vignetting compensation model of the right ocular by using the image imaged by the left ocular of the surgical microscope, and repairing the vignetting compensation model of the left ocular by using the image imaged by the right ocular of the surgical microscope to obtain a repaired image vignetting compensation function.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the vignetting intensity is a ratio of an exposure dose at an edge of the image to an exposure dose at a center of the image.
6. The method for eliminating vignetting phenomenon in surgical microscopic imaging according to claim 1, wherein the performing iterative correction specifically comprises:
when the vignetting intensity is larger than the vignetting compensation threshold, directly outputting an image without the vignetting effect;
and when the vignetting intensity is smaller than the vignetting compensation threshold, performing color space transformation on the image, and performing compensation correction by using a vignetting compensation model.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of eliminating vignetting comprises: if the vignetting intensity is smaller than the vignetting compensation threshold and larger than the gamma correction threshold, selecting any color space conversion mode to carry out color space conversion; if the vignetting intensity is smaller than the gamma correction threshold value, color space conversion is carried out in a gamma correction mode.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises: after compensating and correcting the image by using the vignetting compensation model, converting the color space of the image back to RGB by using a conversion formula, comparing the size relation among the vignetting intensity of the image, the vignetting compensation threshold and the gamma correction threshold, and performing iteration.
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