CN111257412A - Array type ultrasonic scanning imaging system for multiphase flow measurement - Google Patents

Array type ultrasonic scanning imaging system for multiphase flow measurement Download PDF

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CN111257412A
CN111257412A CN202010080999.0A CN202010080999A CN111257412A CN 111257412 A CN111257412 A CN 111257412A CN 202010080999 A CN202010080999 A CN 202010080999A CN 111257412 A CN111257412 A CN 111257412A
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ultrasonic
phased array
ultrasonic phased
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谭超
李占鹏
刘皓
董峰
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Tianjin University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/02Analysing fluids
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/02Analysing fluids
    • G01N29/024Analysing fluids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract

The invention relates to an array type ultrasonic scanning imaging system for multiphase flow measurement, which adopts a modularized design scheme and comprises an ultrasonic phased array sensor, a main control module, M transceiving front end modules and a back plate. Generating plane waves with different angles according to a set scanning mode to scan, switching to the next adjacent ultrasonic phased array probe to excite after each ultrasonic phased array probe transmits a group of plane waves with different angles to scan, and finishing excitation and acquisition of a section of data after all the ultrasonic phased array probes scan for one circle in sequence.

Description

Array type ultrasonic scanning imaging system for multiphase flow measurement
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic tomography, and relates to an ultrasonic plane wave scanning imaging system based on ultrasonic projection and reflection principles.
Background
The multiphase flow phenomenon is widely existed in modern industrial processes of bioengineering, oil and gas exploitation, chemical industry, metallurgical industry, food processing and the like, and the accurate detection of the flow process parameters has very important significance on monitoring, management, analysis and design of the production process, reliable operation of the device and production efficiency improvement. In scientific research and industrial application, the detection means of multiphase flow needs not to generate any disturbance to the measured fluid, and the ultrasonic method is concerned by the simple structure, no disturbance and low cost.
The ultrasonic detection is a technology which is widely applied, has unique advantages in medical monitoring and fluid measurement, cannot damage a flow field of fluid when ultrasonic waves are transmitted in the fluid, has no pressure loss, and has high harmless safety to human bodies. Meanwhile, if the detection element is arranged on the outer wall of the pipeline, the direct contact with the fluid can be avoided, and the corrosion degree of the sensor is reduced. Due to the fact that the propagation speeds of the ultrasonic waves in different acoustic impedance media are different, the phase medium distribution information on a propagation channel, such as the average acoustic impedance or the sound velocity of the media, can be obtained by utilizing the propagation characteristics of the ultrasonic waves in the multi-phase flow media. Particularly, the great difference of acoustic impedance at the gas phase interface and the liquid phase interface ensures that the reflection characteristic of the ultrasound at the gas-liquid interface is very obvious (up to 99 percent), so the ultrasound has excellent resolution capability on the gas-liquid interface. The ultrasonic phased array tomography method can obtain the distribution information of different acoustic impedance media in the measured cross section in a non-disturbance mode through a plurality of ultrasonic phased array probes arranged on the same cross section of the pipeline, for example, the transmission and reflection effects of ultrasonic waves in multiphase flow can be effectively utilized, and the visual reconstruction of the multiphase flow phase distribution and the estimation of distribution parameters can be accurately and comprehensively realized.
The traditional tomography technology based on the single-chip ultrasonic probe has certain limitations: the single probe emits sound waves in a fan shape (cone shape), the scanning range is narrow, the side lobe attenuation under the condition of a wide emission angle is large, the bubble projection in an ultrasonic path has an expansion trend, directional scanning cannot be realized, and the image reconstruction effect precision is not high under the conditions of a concave surface and multiple bubbles.
The ultrasonic phased array technology has the excellent characteristics of wide detection range, flexible detection angle, high detection efficiency, good detection effect, visual detection result and the like due to the excellent accessibility of the sound beam. The technical core is that a phased array probe formed by combining a plurality of piezoelectric wafers realizes the phased emission of ultrasonic waves by controlling the excitation time of each array element in the probe, thereby realizing the deflection and focusing of beams.
In recent years, ultrasonic phased array instrument systems for industrial detection are successively introduced domestically, but the products are mainly used for metal flaw detection or weld seam detection, the scanning mode is relatively fixed, and only a single ultrasonic phased array probe can be connected for detection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an array type ultrasonic scanning imaging system for multiphase flow measurement, which aims at the problems of less channels and lower imaging precision of the existing ultrasonic tomography system for multiphase flow measurement, adopts an ultrasonic phased array probe to improve the number of detection channels, simplifies the complexity of a large number of channel systems by using a modularized design scheme, and is convenient for system expansion and maintenance. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an array type ultrasonic scanning imaging system for multiphase flow measurement adopts a modular design scheme, comprises an ultrasonic phased array sensor, a main control module, M transceiving front-end modules and a back plate, and is characterized in that,
the ultrasonic phased array sensor is characterized in that M ultrasonic phased array probes are uniformly distributed at the same cross section position of a measured pipe section, each ultrasonic phased array probe is formed by linearly arranging N array elements, and each array element can be excited and received independently. Generating plane waves with different angles according to a set scanning mode to scan, switching to the next adjacent ultrasonic phased array probe to excite after each ultrasonic phased array probe transmits a group of plane waves with different angles to scan, and finishing excitation and acquisition of a section of data after all the ultrasonic phased array probes scan for one circle in sequence;
the main control module comprises an FPGA, a DSP, a data storage chip, a USB management chip and an SRIO switching chip; externally receiving configuration parameters through a USB, and calculating excitation delay interval delta t of two adjacent array elements in the DSP according to the configured array element spacing d, the beam deflection angle theta and the medium sound velocity c:
Figure BDA0002380307260000021
sending the calculated excitation delay interval delta t to a receiving and transmitting front-end module through a 4X SRIO bus through a back plate; configuring the transceiving working mode of each transceiving front-end module by the FPGA; receiving and storing echo data sent by a transceiving front-end module, processing the echo data into image data in a DSP through an imaging algorithm, and sending the image data to a computer through a USB (universal serial bus) to display an image;
the receiving and transmitting front end module comprises an FPGA, an ultrasonic excitation unit and an ultrasonic receiving unit, and each receiving and transmitting front end module is connected with an ultrasonic phased array probe and can realize ultrasonic receiving and transmitting control of N channels; the FPGA configures the time delay data sent by the main control module to an ultrasonic excitation unit; the excitation unit comprises a beam forming chip and a high-voltage pulse emission chip, the beam forming generates corresponding control signals according to parameters configured by the FPGA, corresponding pulse excitation signals are generated, the pulse excitation signals enable each array element of the ultrasonic phased array probe to emit ultrasonic waves with the same frequency at different moments, the ultrasonic waves are overlapped to form plane waves with beam deflection angles, the receiving unit converts analog echo signals into digital signals and sends the digital signals back to the FPGA for demodulation, and the FPGA sends the demodulated data to the main control module;
the back plate is used for connecting the main control module and the transceiving front-end module and supplying power to each module.
The design of the backplane is based on the VPX backplane design standard in VITA 46.0.
The invention provides an array type ultrasonic scanning imaging system aiming at the aspect of multiphase flow detection in a pipeline, which adopts the form that a plurality of ultrasonic phased array probes are uniformly distributed on the same section of the pipeline, each ultrasonic phased array probe is controlled by an independent transceiver module, and each transceiver module is uniformly allocated by a main control module, thereby improving the integration level and flexibility of the system, and having the following beneficial effects and advantages:
1. the mode that a plurality of ultrasonic phased array probes surround is adopted for imaging, and compared with a traditional single-probe phased array detection system, the system can realize imaging in two modes of transmission and reflection.
2. And a modular design scheme is adopted, so that the design and manufacturing cost of the system is reduced, and the system is convenient to expand and maintain.
3. The 4X SRIO bus is adopted for data transmission between boards, the highest data transmission speed can reach 5Gbps, and the system has high real-time performance and high speed.
4. The design of the back plate is based on the VPX back plate design standard in VITA46.0, so that the system has strong shock resistance and anti-electromagnetic interference capability, and the system can stably work in a complex and changeable environment.
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Selected embodiments of the present invention are described below, all in an illustrative and not exhaustive or limiting sense, wherein:
FIG. 1 is an illustrative block diagram of an array ultrasound scanning imaging system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of ultrasonic phased array probes in the embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a single ultrasonic phased array probe transmitting a planar beam with a deflection angle;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a main control module in the embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a transceiver front-end module in an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the topology of the backplane in an embodiment;
fig. 7 is a flow chart of single-scan imaging of the array type ultrasonic scanning imaging system in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples and figures:
the array type ultrasonic scanning imaging system for multiphase flow measurement adopts a modular design scheme and comprises an ultrasonic phased array sensor, a main control module, a transmitting-receiving front end module and a back plate.
In this embodiment, each transceiver front-end module is connected to a 16-array element ultrasonic phased array probe, and eight transceiver front-end modules are used for controlling the ultrasonic transceiving of 128 channels. The working modes and scanning modes of the transceiver modules are uniformly allocated by the main control module.
Fig. 1 depicts a block diagram of the overall architecture of the present invention, including a master control module, a transceiver front end module, a backplane connection module, and an ultrasonic phased array sensor. The system exchanges data with an industrial personal computer through a USB.
Fig. 2 depicts the arrangement of the ultrasonic phased array probes around the pipeline, and eight 16-array-element ultrasonic phased array probes are uniformly embedded into the same depth of the pipe wall so as to ensure that the refraction angle of the ultrasonic wave generated by each array element in the process of passing through the coupling agent, the pipe wall and the like can be calculated.
Fig. 3 depicts a schematic diagram of a single ultrasonic phased array probe emitting plane waves with deflection angles, and first, an excitation delay interval Δ t of two adjacent array elements is calculated according to a set array element interval d, a beam deflection angle θ and a medium sound velocity c, and is represented as follows:
Figure BDA0002380307260000031
only the excitation time delay of each channel is set as T1=0,Tn=Tn-1+ Δ t, n is 1, blaze, … 8, i.e., a planar beam with a deflection angle θ can be generated.
Fig. 4 depicts a structural block diagram of a system main control module, which includes an FPGA, a DSP, a data storage chip, a USB management chip, and an SRIO switching chip. The USB management chip controls the data reading and writing of the USB and exchanges data with the computer; the SRIO switching chip is provided with a plurality of SRIO terminal nodes, and can realize that one node sends data and one or more nodes receive data by allocating the address of each terminal node; the FPGA is responsible for the coordination control of each module and the whole working process of the whole system; the DSP is responsible for data calculation, distribution and transmission, and the main functions of the DSP comprise USB data transmission with a computer, SRIO data transmission with each front-end module, excitation delay of each channel calculated according to a deflection angle through a delay algorithm, and final image data calculated by amplitude and time information of an echo through an imaging algorithm.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a system transceiver front-end module, which includes an FPGA, an ultrasonic excitation unit, and an ultrasonic receiving unit, where the ultrasonic excitation unit includes a beam forming chip and a high-voltage pulse transmitting chip, and the receiving unit includes a transceiver switch, an RC filter circuit, a single-ended-to-differential circuit, and an ultrasonic analog front-end chip. The FPGA receives the beam information data from the main control module and configures the beam information data into an internal register of a beam forming chip; the wave beam forming chip generates control signals with corresponding frequency and time delay according to the data; the high-voltage pulse sending chip is internally integrated with a buffer isolation circuit, an MOSFET driving circuit and an MOSFET switch, the buffer isolation circuit isolates a high-voltage analog signal from a digital control signal and prevents the digital signal from being damaged by the high-voltage signal, and a control signal generated by the beam forming chip is transmitted to the MOSFET driving circuit through the isolation circuit and controls the on and off of the MOSFET to generate a corresponding high-voltage pulse excitation signal; the output end of the high-voltage pulse transmitting chip is connected with the ultrasonic phased array probe, and the generated high-voltage pulse signal can excite the probe to generate a plane wave beam with a corresponding deflection angle; echo signals received by the ultrasonic phased array probe are filtered by a receiving and transmitting switch and an RC filter circuit to remove high-voltage excitation signals and high-frequency noise signals, and are converted into differential signals through a single-ended to differential circuit to be transmitted to an ultrasonic analog front-end chip; the ultrasonic analog front-end chip is internally integrated with a filter, a programmable gain amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter, and can convert an analog echo signal into a digital signal; and the converted digital signal is sent to the FPGA for demodulation to obtain the amplitude and the transit time of the analog echo signal.
Fig. 6 illustrates a topology structure of the backplane in this embodiment, which has nine SLOTs, namely, SLOT1-9, where SLOT5 is connected to the master control module, SLOT1-4, and SLOT 396-9 are connected to the transceiver front end module, a star connection structure with the master control module as a core is formed between the modules, and the backplane is designed according to the VPX backplane design standard in VITA46.0, and is stable in connection between boards, and has high stability and shock resistance.
FIG. 7 depicts the overall workflow of the system:
the first step is as follows: the computer sends the plane wave angle information to the main control module, the DSP of the main control module calculates the delay data of each channel excited every time according to the angle information and the delay algorithm, and sends the data to the FPGA of the front-end receiving and sending module through the SRIO bus. Meanwhile, the FPGA of the main control module selects the working mode of the transceiving front-end module connected with the SLOT1 as the transceiving mode, and the other transceiving front-end modules are the receiving mode.
The second step is that: the FPGA of the transceiving front-end module connected with the SLOT1 configures the delay data of the first deflection angle into a register of a wave beam forming chip, the wave beam forming chip can generate a corresponding control signal to control a high-voltage pulse chip to generate a pulse excitation signal with delay, and an ultrasonic phased array probe connected with the wave beam forming chip is excited to generate a plane wave with a corresponding deflection angle.
The third step: analog echo signals received by all ultrasonic phased array probes are sent to a transceiving front-end module connected with the ultrasonic phased array probes, filtering, amplifying and analog/digital converting are carried out on the analog echo signals by an ultrasonic analog front-end chip to form digital signals, the converted digital signals are sent to an FPGA to be demodulated, amplitude information and transit time information of the echo signals are extracted and stored.
The fourth step: and the FPGA of the transceiving front-end module connected with the SLOT1 configures the delay data of the next deflection angle into a register of the beam forming chip, and repeats the processes of the second step and the third step until plane waves of all scanning angles in a single scanning are transmitted, so that the scanning of one probe is completed.
The fifth step: the FPGA of the main control module selects the working mode of the transceiving front-end module connected with the SLOT2 as a transceiving mode, and the other transceiving front-end modules are in a receiving mode. And carrying out the scanning process by a second ultrasonic phased array probe, and repeating the steps until all the probes complete scanning excitation to complete a cyclic scanning process.
And a sixth step: all the stored amplitude and time information are sent to the main control module by each transceiver front-end module through an SRIO bus, the data are processed in a DSP of the main control module, the amplitude and time information are converted into final image information according to an imaging algorithm, and the obtained image information is uploaded to a computer by a USB to display an imaging result.

Claims (2)

1. An array type ultrasonic scanning imaging system for multiphase flow measurement adopts a modular design scheme, comprises an ultrasonic phased array sensor, a main control module, M transceiving front-end modules and a back plate, and is characterized in that,
the ultrasonic phased array sensor is characterized in that M ultrasonic phased array probes are uniformly distributed at the same cross section position of a measured pipe section, each ultrasonic phased array probe is formed by linearly arranging N array elements, and each array element can be excited and received independently. Generating plane waves with different angles according to a set scanning mode to scan, switching to the next adjacent ultrasonic phased array probe to excite after each ultrasonic phased array probe transmits a group of plane waves with different angles to scan, and finishing excitation and acquisition of a section of data after all the ultrasonic phased array probes scan for one circle in sequence.
The main control module comprises an FPGA, a DSP, a data storage chip, a USB management chip and an SRIO switching chip; externally receiving configuration parameters through a USB, and calculating excitation delay interval delta t of two adjacent array elements in the DSP according to the configured array element spacing d, the beam deflection angle theta and the medium sound velocity c:
Figure FDA0002380307250000011
sending the calculated excitation delay interval delta t to a receiving and transmitting front-end module through a 4X SRIO bus through a back plate; configuring the transceiving working mode of each transceiving front-end module by the FPGA; receiving and storing echo data sent by a transceiving front-end module, processing the echo data into image data in a DSP through an imaging algorithm, and sending the image data to a computer through a USB (universal serial bus) to display an image;
the receiving and transmitting front end module comprises an FPGA, an ultrasonic excitation unit and an ultrasonic receiving unit, and each receiving and transmitting front end module is connected with an ultrasonic phased array probe and can realize ultrasonic receiving and transmitting control of N channels; the FPGA configures the time delay data sent by the main control module to an ultrasonic excitation unit; the excitation unit comprises a beam forming chip and a high-voltage pulse emission chip, the beam forming generates corresponding control signals according to parameters configured by the FPGA, corresponding pulse excitation signals are generated, the pulse excitation signals enable each array element of the ultrasonic phased array probe to emit ultrasonic waves with the same frequency at different moments, the ultrasonic waves are overlapped to form plane waves with beam deflection angles, the receiving unit converts analog echo signals into digital signals and sends the digital signals back to the FPGA for demodulation, and the FPGA sends the demodulated data to the main control module;
the back plate is used for connecting the main control module and the transceiving front-end module and supplying power to each module.
2. The imaging system of claim 1, wherein the backplane design is based on the VPX backplane design standard in VITA 46.0.
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