CN111255155A

CN111255155A - Prestressed reinforced membrane structure and combined prestressed reinforced membrane structure

Info

Publication number: CN111255155A
Application number: CN202010195420.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邓亮
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-03-19
Filing date: 2020-03-19
Publication date: 2020-06-09

Abstract

The invention discloses a prestressed reinforced membrane structure and a combined prestressed reinforced membrane structure, which comprise a capsule body, a flexible reinforced framework and an annular rigid member; the content of the capsule body is fluid; the annular rigid members are respectively arranged on the periphery of the corresponding end parts of the bag body; the flexible reinforced skeleton is arranged outside the bag body; when the flexible reinforcing framework comprises flexible cables, the flexible cables are arranged along the direction of the plain lines or the conducting wires of the balloon body, or are wound on the periphery of the balloon body in a staggered mode, or are arranged in a mixed mode; the intersection points of the flexible cables arranged along the plain lines of the capsule body and the flexible cables wound on the periphery of the capsule body in a staggered mode are connected by using a node capable of transferring force, and the outline size of the filled capsule body is larger than that of a flexible reinforced framework formed by the flexible cables; when the flexible reinforced framework contains flexible fiber cloth, the fiber cloth completely wraps the capsule body. The invention has the characteristics of light weight, portability, convenient installation and disassembly, high bearing capacity and rigidity and high impact strength.

Description

Prestressed reinforced membrane structure and combined prestressed reinforced membrane structure

Technical Field

The invention relates to a long-strip-shaped structural member for bearing, in particular to a prestressed reinforced membrane structural body and a combined prestressed reinforced membrane structural body.

Background

In structural engineering, elongated structural members are made primarily of concrete, steel, wood, and the like, and combinations thereof. Wherein, the beam member can generate a compression area and a tension area under the action of load, and in order to fully utilize the characteristics of materials and reduce the dead weight, a reinforced concrete beam, a steel-concrete combined beam and a wood-concrete beam can be adopted; in order to further reduce the dead weight and save materials, cross-sectional forms such as T-shaped beams and box beams can be adopted, and beams with holes formed in webs can be selected.

However, as the span increases, the loading effect due to the self-weight of the structure increases significantly, and thus, the above structure form is not suitable for a large-span beam. The large-span structure can adopt structural forms such as a truss, a prestressed beam string and the like.

The structural members are made of different materials, the parts are combined in different modes, and the compression zone is made of solid materials. The concrete is adopted as the material of the compression area, so that the self weight of the structure is large, and the span is limited; and steel is adopted as the material or the compression bar of the compression zone in structural forms of steel beams, trusses and the like, the steel and the steel compression bar have the problem of compression instability, and the material strength cannot be fully utilized. And the compression material can not use light and high-strength materials like prestressed steel, so that the mass-to-charge ratio of the whole structure is not high.

In order to solve the problems, in 2002, technologists of Airlight corporation and EMPA combined structure research center of Switzerland propose an inflatable combined beam, namely an air-supported beam string, and the inflatable combined beam is applied to actual engineering. In this beam, the top flange is a metal strut, the cables are arranged as the bottom flange according to the main stress trace of the beam, and the low pressure bladder is the web member of the beam. The structure uses the low-pressure air bag to replace a web member, and a pressure rod is still arranged on the upper flange. And the internal pressure of the air bag is low, so that the improvement of the bearing capacity is limited.

The Liyu steel and the like invent a steel wall air bearing axial compression rod piece and an eccentric compression rod piece, air is used as a compression material, and a rigid pipe is used for restraining gas, but the series of inventions are only limited to the axial compression rod piece and a bias rod piece, can not be applied to the stress situation of more common components, and the material of the rigid pipe part is difficult to apply high-strength materials such as prestressed steel materials and the like.

In order to improve the specific strength of the beams in the engineering structure and fully utilize high-strength materials, a new type of structural member needs to be invented, the compression zone of the structural member uses materials with higher specific strength, and the tensile strength of the materials is fully utilized, so that the purpose of improving the specific strength of the beams in the engineering structure is achieved.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the prestress reinforced membrane structure adopts fluid as a compression material, and establishes prestress by filling fluid into the capsule and pressurizing, and has the characteristics of light weight, portability, convenient installation and disassembly, high bearing capacity and rigidity and high impact strength.

The invention is realized by the following steps: a prestressed reinforced membrane structure comprising a balloon capable of maintaining a fixed shape after being filled with a fluid, a flexible reinforcing skeleton for establishing prestress during inflation of the balloon, and an annular rigid member for receiving hoop force; the contents of the capsule are fluid; the annular rigid members are respectively arranged on the periphery of the corresponding end part of the balloon body so that the stress holes bear the annular force of the balloon body; the flexible reinforced skeleton is arranged outside the bag body; the flexible reinforced framework is mainly composed of a plurality of flexible cables, flexible fiber cloth or the combination of the flexible cables and the flexible fiber cloth; when the flexible reinforcing framework comprises flexible cables, the flexible cables are arranged along the direction of the plain wires or the conducting wires of the capsule body, or are wound on the periphery of the capsule body in a staggered mode, or are arranged in a mixed mode; the intersection points of the flexible cables arranged along the elementary lines of the capsule body and the flexible cables wound on the periphery of the capsule body in a staggered mode are connected by using a node capable of transmitting force, and the outline size of the filled capsule body is larger than that of a flexible reinforced framework formed by the flexible cables; when the flexible reinforced framework contains flexible fiber cloth, the fiber cloth completely wraps the capsule body.

Further, the size of the balloon is gradually reduced or increased from the middle part to the two ends; when the flexible reinforcing skeleton is mainly composed of a plurality of flexible cables, one part of flexible cables are wound on the periphery of the capsule in a staggered mode, the other part of flexible cables are arranged along the plain line of the capsule, the intersection of the two parts of flexible cables is connected through a node capable of transmitting force, and the included angle between the flexible cables wound in the staggered mode and the plain line of the capsule is gradually reduced or enlarged from the middle of the capsule to two ends of the capsule.

Further, the bag body is a cylindrical bag body with a cylindrical middle part and hemispherical two ends; when the flexible reinforced framework comprises a plurality of flexible cables, one part of the flexible cables are arranged in a spiral staggered mode, and the other part of the flexible cables are arranged along a plain line; a node capable of transmitting force is adopted at the intersection of the two parts of flexible cables; when the flexible reinforced framework is mainly composed of a plurality of flexible fiber cloths, the arrangement mode of the flexible fiber cloths is the same as that of the flexible cables, and the intersection of the two parts of flexible fiber cloths is fixedly connected by using a bonding agent.

Further, the balloon is a curved, polygonal, circular or semicircular balloon with variable curvature; when the flexible reinforcing framework is mainly composed of a plurality of flexible cables, one part of the flexible cables are arranged in a spiral staggered mode, the other part of the flexible cables are arranged along the plain line of the capsule body, and a node capable of transmitting force is arranged at the intersection of the two parts of the flexible cables; when the flexible reinforced framework is mainly composed of a plurality of flexible fiber cloths, the arrangement mode of the flexible fiber cloths is the same as that of the flexible cables, and the intersection of the two parts of flexible fiber cloths is fixedly connected by using a bonding agent.

Furthermore, the node capable of transmitting force is a structure with an arc surface arranged at a crossing point formed by the flexible cables which are mutually wound, so that the direction change of the flexible cables at the crossing point is realized.

Further, when the flexible reinforcing skeleton is mainly composed of flexible cables, the flexible cables at the end positions of the capsule are wound around the end rigid members.

Further, a tubular rigid member for attaching the capsule to establish prestress is further arranged inside and/or outside the capsule, the tubular rigid member located inside the capsule is attached to the inner wall of the capsule, the tubular rigid member located outside the capsule is attached to the outside of the outer wall of the capsule, the flexible reinforcing framework is arranged on the outermost side, and prestress of the flexible reinforcing framework and prestress of the tubular rigid member are established by pressurizing the capsule.

Further, one or more connecting pieces are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the capsule body so as to form a cantilever, a simple support or a multi-span continuous structure form respectively.

Further, a layer of membrane material is sleeved outside the prestress reinforced membrane structure body, and the flexible reinforced framework is subjected to protection treatment.

The invention also provides a combined prestressed reinforced membrane structure, which comprises a plurality of bladders capable of keeping fixed shapes after being filled with fluid, flexible reinforced frameworks used for establishing prestress in the expansion process of the bladders and annular rigid members used for bearing annular force; all the capsule bodies are sequentially arranged in a close manner and connected into a whole by a flexible reinforced framework, and the annular rigid members are respectively arranged on the peripheries of the corresponding end parts of the capsule bodies so that the inner sides of the annular rigid members bear the annular force of the capsule bodies; the flexible reinforced skeleton is arranged outside the bag body; the flexible reinforced framework is mainly composed of a plurality of flexible cables, flexible fiber cloth or the combination of the flexible cables and the flexible fiber cloth; when the flexible reinforced skeleton is mainly composed of a plurality of flexible cables, the flexible cables are arranged along the direction of the plain lines or the conducting wires of the capsule bodies, or are wound among the capsule bodies in a staggered manner, or are arranged in a mixed manner, so that all the capsule bodies are connected into a whole; the intersection points of the flexible cables arranged along the plain lines of the capsule body and the flexible cables wound on the periphery of the capsule body in a staggered mode are connected by using a node capable of transferring force; when the flexible reinforced skeleton comprises a plurality of flexible cables, the outline size of the capsule body filled with fluid is larger than that of the flexible reinforced skeleton formed by the flexible cables outside the capsule body; when the flexible reinforced framework contains flexible fiber cloth, the fiber cloth completely wraps the capsule body.

The invention also provides a combined type prestress reinforced membrane structure body, which comprises a plurality of prestress reinforced membrane structure bodies as described above, wherein all the prestress reinforced membrane structure bodies are arranged in sequence; the capsule body is a polygonal or circular capsule body; the prestressed reinforced membrane structure bodies are connected into a prestressed reinforced membrane structure group through a circumferential framework in a winding or weaving mode; the annular framework is mainly composed of a plurality of flexible cables, flexible fiber cloth or the combination of the flexible cables and the flexible fiber cloth; arranging an annular membrane material outside the annular framework; when the flexible ring framework comprises flexible cables, the flexible cables are arranged along the directions of the element lines or the conducting wires of the annular membrane material, or are wound among the prestressed reinforced membrane structures in a staggered mode, or are arranged in a mixed mode; when the circumferential framework contains the flexible fiber cloth, the fiber cloth completely wraps the capsule body.

The invention also provides a combined type prestress reinforced membrane structure body which comprises a plurality of prestress reinforced membrane structure bodies, wherein the end parts or the middle parts of the bag bodies of two adjacent prestress reinforced membrane structure bodies are fixedly connected through a connecting piece and/or a flexible reinforced framework.

Furthermore, the prestressed reinforced membrane structure bodies are connected into a prestressed reinforced membrane structure group through a circumferential framework in a winding or weaving mode; the annular framework is mainly composed of a plurality of flexible cables, flexible fiber cloth or the combination of the flexible cables and the flexible fiber cloth; arranging an annular membrane material outside the annular framework; when the flexible ring comprises flexible cables, the flexible cables are arranged along the directions of the element lines or the conducting wires of the annular membrane material, or are wound among the prestressed reinforced membrane structures in a staggered mode, or are arranged in a mixed mode; when the circumferential framework contains the flexible fiber cloth, the fiber cloth completely wraps the capsule body.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention applies prestress to the reinforced material, and the fluid constrained by the flexible reinforced framework bears the pressure under the action of the load, thereby indirectly realizing the utilization of the high-strength material in the compression area, greatly improving the mass-to-charge ratio of the structure and avoiding the instability problem of the material.

2. The invention uses flexible components such as cables, fiber cloth, films and the like as main components, so that the forming shape of the structure can meet different structure or building function requirements, templates or molds required by the traditional variable cross-section structure do not exist, and different shapes can be formed by only controlling the cable length and the intersection angle of each part.

3. The fluid-filled capsule with certain rigidity provides continuous elastic support for the cable and the membrane, so that the integral stability of the beam is improved; the inflation process to the utricule is the process of exerting initial prestressing force to the structure promptly, need not tensioning equipment, and construction convenience is swift, and more importantly, the process of aerifing is the process of exerting the equipartition load to the utricule, and this makes outside flexible reinforcing skeleton can obtain even stretch-draw, has avoided the partial prestressing force loss problem that exists among the traditional tip stretch-draw prestressing force process.

4. Compared with the sparse cable arrangement mode of the external flexible reinforced framework of the traditional cable membrane structure, the flexible reinforced framework is arranged in a dispersed manner, and the distance between cables can be reduced by one order of magnitude, so that the cables can effectively support the membrane material of the capsule body, the capsule body can achieve higher internal pressure, and the rigidity and the bearing capacity are obviously improved; on the other hand, the flexible reinforced framework arranged in the oblique spiral way can play a role in shearing resistance and torsion resistance, and is similar to an oblique web member in a truss, so that the application range of the prestressed reinforced membrane structure body covers the stress states of pulling, pressing, bending, shearing, twisting and the like. The invention can be designed into different structural forms such as simple supporting beams, continuous beams, cantilever beams, rigid frames and the like according to the position of the support.

5. Compared with the traditional prestressed concrete structure, most of the concrete in the original prestressed concrete structure is replaced by the bag body and fluid, the self weight is lighter, the arrangement and the tensioning of the prestressed tendons are more convenient, and the anchorage and the tensioning equipment are saved.

6. The flexible reinforced framework and the annular framework which play a main stress role are in a tension state in a working state, and if the flexible reinforced framework or the annular framework is made of high-strength materials such as carbon fibers, the high-strength materials such as the carbon fibers can be still in the tension state and cannot be instable under the condition that the structure is greatly deformed, so that the strength of the materials can be fully exerted. Therefore, the invention can be applied to structures which have higher requirements on strength reserve and have less strict deformation control under the action of extreme load, such as automobile bodies and anti-collision structures. The flexible reinforced framework is completely in an elastic tension state in a working state, at most partial tension stress of the flexible reinforced framework is zero under the stress wave effect generated by impact load, so that the instability and yield of the traditional anti-collision structure (such as a bumper) on the compression side under the impact load are avoided, the structure form of the flexible reinforced framework has elastic recovery capability, and the flexible reinforced framework can bear the impact load for many times without replacement.

7. The invention is a self-balancing system, the prestress of an external flexible reinforced framework is balanced with the internal pressure of a capsule body, and the boundary constraint mainly takes vertical counter force as the main factor. Therefore, the limit constraint requirement is low, the bearing is stressed clearly, and the design and the manufacture are easy.

8. When the invention is stored and transported, each part of the components occupies small volume, and gas can be used as a pressure material while ensuring the same high bearing capacity as the traditional structure, the maintenance of concrete and part of the welding process flow are saved in the construction process, the whole production flow is faster than the traditional structure, and the invention is not only suitable for large-span space structures, but also suitable for temporary structures.

9. The invention has few types of components, and the sizes of the staggered winding ropes or the oblique fiber cloth are basically the same as the installation method, so the component production and the field installation are simple, and the invention is also beneficial to realizing the automatic production.

10. The invention can be applied to the reinforcement of the column, on one hand, the invention can apply uniform lateral pressure to the column component by pressurizing the fluid in the capsule body, thereby improving the bearing capacity of the column, on the other hand, the prestress of the flexible reinforced framework is established, and the strength of the reinforcing materials such as carbon fiber cloth can be fully exerted.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of the structure of the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pulley force transfer node in the embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the wrapping of elemental cords at a force transmission node of the pulley of the embodiment of FIG. 1

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a small circular ring force transfer node in the embodiment of FIG. 1

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the wrapping of elemental thread at the small circular force-transfer node in the embodiment of FIG. 1

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 illustrating the winding and securing of the end flexible cable;

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pre-stressed reinforced membrane structure of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a prior art lanyard membrane structure of the type having a thin cable;

FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 10 is a front view of the structure of the second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a front elevational view of an alternate embodiment of the FIG. 10 embodiment;

FIG. 12 is a front elevational view of another alternative embodiment to the embodiment of FIG. 10

FIG. 13 is a front view of the structure of the third embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a front elevational view of an alternate embodiment of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the fifth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a front view of the fifth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a front view of the structure of a sixth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of the alternate winding cord of the embodiment of FIG. 18;

FIG. 20 is a schematic view of the wrapping of the interlaced wrapping cord in the longitudinal direction for the embodiment of FIG. 18;

FIG. 21 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment to the embodiment shown in FIG. 18;

FIG. 22 is a front elevational view of a further alternative embodiment of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 18;

FIG. 23 is a schematic winding diagram of the interlaced winding cord of the embodiment of FIG. 22;

FIG. 24 is a front view of the seventh embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 25 is a front elevational view of an alternate embodiment of the FIG. 24 embodiment;

FIG. 26 is a front elevational view of a further alternative construction of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 24;

FIG. 27 is a perspective view of a tubular joint in the embodiment of FIG. 26;

FIG. 28 is a front view of the structure of the eighth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 29 is a front elevational view of an alternate embodiment to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 28;

fig. 30 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the embodiment of fig. 28.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.

Example one

As shown in fig. 1, the prestressed reinforced membrane structure of the present embodiment includes a bladder 1, a flexible reinforced skeleton 2, an annular rigid member 3, and a connecting member 5. The capsule body 1 is an ellipsoid or a rotational curved surface with a parabola generatrix, the capsule body is of a more than one layer of membrane structure, and the annular rigid member can be made of steel or other high-strength materials. The inner side of the annular rigid member 3 is rounded so as to match the outer wall of the capsule 1. The flexible reinforced framework 2 is made of high-strength cable materials such as prestressed steel strands or FRP (fiber reinforced plastic) and the like; the included angle between the interlaced winding rope 2.1.1 and the plain line of the capsule body is gradually reduced from the middle part to the two ends of the capsule body, and annular rigid members are arranged at the two ends of the capsule body from the point that the included angle is changed to zero according to the change of the main stress line after the capsule body is formed, and the included angle is not changed any more; the middle part of the capsule body can also be provided with an annular rigid component so as to facilitate the flexible cable to turn, and a notch is processed on the annular rigid component of the part, so that the flexible cable can be turned at the notch. The specific winding mode of the staggered winding rope is spiral staggered winding; in addition, flexible cables, namely the plain cables 2.1.2, are arranged along the upper side and the lower side of the capsule body plain cables in the load action direction and are wound on the same pulley 9.1 together with the intersected staggered winding cables to establish a node capable of transmitting force, as shown in a figure 2, the winding mode of the plain cables is as shown in a figure 3, or the winding mode of the plain cables is as shown in a figure 4, as shown in a figure 5, and the arrows in the figure indicate the winding direction; the flexible cable 2.1 is wound and fixed on the annular rigid members at the two ends of the capsule body and then continues to play a reinforcing role, as shown in figure 6. In this embodiment, besides the pulley and the small ring, other structures with arc surfaces can be used as the node capable of transmitting force, which is not described herein again.

The end of the flexible cable is anchored on a support, and the support is welded with the annular rigid members at the two ends; fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present embodiment, wherein the bladder has a larger contour dimension than the contour a of the flexible reinforcing skeleton, so that the curvature of the fluid-filled bladder is larger than that of the flexible reinforcing skeleton; after the flexible reinforced framework is arranged, the bag body is inflated to establish the prestress of the flexible reinforced framework; the bladder may also be filled with water to increase stiffness, i.e. replaced with a water bag, which creates a pre-stress by increasing the water pressure. A layer of membrane material can be sleeved outside the pre-stress enhanced membrane structure body, and the space between the pre-stress enhanced membrane structure body and the outer membrane material is vacuumized, or the surface of the metal flexible rope is coated with the anti-corrosion grease. By the protection measures, the isolation of the stressed framework of the prestressed reinforced membrane structure from the external environment is ensured, and the durability is improved. As shown in fig. 7 and 8, under the condition that the flexible frameworks have the same size, the curvature of the capsule in the invention is larger than that of the capsule of the traditional dilute cable system membrane structure, so that the force applied to the capsule is smaller than that of the capsule of the traditional dilute cable system membrane structure, and therefore, the prestressed reinforced membrane structure can use the high-internal-pressure capsule, and the bearing capacity and rigidity of the structure are improved. The capsule body 1 in the embodiment can also adopt a shape with a small middle part and large two ends, as shown in fig. 9, the included angle between the interlaced winding rope 2.1.1 and the capsule body element line is gradually increased from the middle part to the two ends of the capsule body, and the other embodiments are the same as the above with reference to the change of the main stress line after the capsule body is formed.

In addition to the arrangement of the flexible reinforcing frame in this example, which only uses flexible cables, the flexible reinforcing frame 2 can also use fiber cloth instead of flexible cables, and the fiber cloth completely covers the capsule. It is also possible to use a mixture of fibre cloth and flexible cords, in which case the flexible cords are arranged in the manner given in this example, and the fibre cloth is arranged in the manner described above.

This embodiment adopts the variable cross section utricule for plain cable plays the effect of similar span structure under the equipartition load effect, is applied to the material quantity that the large-span structure can reduce flexible reinforcing skeleton.

Example two

As shown in fig. 10, the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the capsule 1 used in the structure in this embodiment is a cylindrical capsule with a cylindrical middle part and hemispherical ends. A pulley 3.1 is welded on the annular rigid member 3, and the spirally wound flexible cable rounds the pulley and turns to be arranged along plain lines at two ends of the capsule body; the connecting piece 5 is connected with the main structure in a hinged or rigid manner, and can form a simple beam structure as shown in figure 10, a continuous beam structure as shown in figure 11 or a cantilever beam structure as shown in figure 12.

The flexible cable in the embodiment can be replaced by fiber cloth, and the fiber cloth is densely paved on the surface of the bag body in the same paving direction as the flexible cable. The fiber cloth is glued and firmly bonded at the joint and spherical areas at two ends, and the contact surface of the fiber cloth arranged along the capsule element line and the spirally wound fiber cloth is also glued and firmly bonded. Other embodiments are as above.

EXAMPLE III

As shown in fig. 13, the present embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that: the capsule 1 adopted by the structure body in the embodiment is a circular capsule, the anchorage device 4 is arranged on a circular rigid member sleeved outside the capsule, the connecting piece 5 is welded with the circular rigid member 3, the included angle between the interlaced winding rope 2.1.1 and the plain line of the formed capsule is a constant, and the angle refers to the angle of the main stress line of the formed capsule; after the flexible reinforced framework 2 is arranged, the bag body is inflated to establish the prestress of the flexible cable or the fiber cloth, and the structure can be used as a bicycle rim as shown in a figure, so that the weight of the bicycle can be reduced.

The balloon in this embodiment can be replaced by a semi-annular balloon or a curved balloon with varying curvature, and the flexible reinforcing frames at both ends are connected with the connecting pieces 5 to form an arch-shaped prestressed reinforcing membrane structure, as shown in fig. 14. When the balloon 1 is a curved or semicircular balloon with variable curvature, the flexible reinforcing frameworks at the two ends of the balloon are connected with the connecting piece 5 to form an arch structure. By curved balloon with varying curvature is meant: the axis of the balloon extends along a curve with changed curvature, and the curve is the axis of the balloon.

The flexible cable capsule 1 in this embodiment may also be a cylindrical capsule, and the two ends of the flexible cable capsule are bonded to form a circular capsule which is connected end to end but not communicated with each other, and the flexible reinforcing skeleton is arranged according to the above method, so that the flexible cable capsule can achieve the same effect as the annular capsule after being filled with fluid, and the bonding of the two ends of the flexible cable capsule can only achieve a temporary fixing effect, or can adopt other connection modes, such as being tied by a rope.

Example four

As shown in fig. 15, the present embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that: in the structure body in the embodiment, a tubular rigid member 10 is arranged outside a capsule body 1 and is attached to the outer wall of the capsule body, a flexible reinforced framework 2 is arranged outside the tubular rigid member, and the pretension stress of the external flexible reinforced framework and the pretension stress of the tubular rigid member are established by pressurizing the capsule body. The tubular rigid member 10 may also be arranged inside the capsule as well. Under the action of axial pressure or bias load, the external tubular rigid component can increase the rigidity of the structure and also play a role in protecting the capsule. Compared with the traditional column, the prestressed reinforced membrane structure body is used as the column, and the external flexible reinforced framework of the prestressed reinforced membrane structure body is made of prestressed steel or other high-strength materials with higher strength, so that the axial force of a low-layer column can be reduced when the prestressed reinforced membrane structure body is applied to a high-layer structure. And the stress characteristic of the external flexible reinforced framework is similar to that of a truss, so that the rigidity and shearing strength of the steel column are higher than those of a steel column with the same steel consumption. The tubular rigid members referred to herein also include tubular segments that are compacted together by pre-stressing the bladder by pressurizing it to form a complete tubular rigid member. The tubular sheet member has the advantage of being more convenient to transport than a complete tubular rigid member.

EXAMPLE five

As shown in fig. 16 and 17, the present embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that: the section of the capsule 1 in the structure body in the embodiment is approximately semicircular after being formed, the flexible cable on the pressed side under the action of load is embedded into concrete 8, the dotted line part in fig. 21 is the flexible cable embedded into the concrete, the projection of the flexible cable embedded into the concrete on the cross section is a semiellipse taking the diameter of the semicircular capsule as the major axis, and the end head of the flexible cable is anchored into the concrete at the end part of the capsule. The concrete provides a bearing surface for the load and simultaneously utilizes the compressive capacity and rigidity of the concrete, and compared with the traditional prestressed concrete structure, the prestressed cable of the prestressed concrete structure in the embodiment has the advantages that the specification and the installation mode are convenient to install, and the self weight of the structure is smaller.

EXAMPLE six

The present embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that: in the structure of this embodiment, a plurality of cylindrical capsules are connected together by flexible cables in a weaving manner as shown in fig. 18, 19 and 20, the capsules are sequentially arranged in an abutting manner in a manner that axes are parallel, fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of a winding manner of the interlaced winding cables in a cross-sectional direction, and the interlaced winding cables are alternately wound on two sides of a plane formed by connecting the axes of the capsules and are turned back after reaching the end of the capsule group. Fig. 19 is a schematic view of the winding of the interlaced winding cord in the longitudinal direction, in which 2a is the cord wound on the anterior side of the balloon, 2b is the cord wound on the posterior side, and the interlaced winding cord is wound in a serpentine manner in the longitudinal direction. On the basis, a plurality of cylindrical capsules can be combined into a tubular prestressed reinforced membrane structure, and the capsules are arranged in the cross section direction as shown in fig. 21.

According to the connection mode among the capsules, the annular capsules in the third embodiment can be combined into a tubular prestressed reinforced membrane structure body, as shown in fig. 22, the annular capsules are sequentially and closely arranged in a mode that the planes of the axes of the capsules are parallel, fig. 23 illustrates the winding mode of the cables 2c wound on the outer side and the cables 2d wound on the inner side, the staggered winding cables are alternately wound on the inner side and the outer side of a tubular curved surface formed by connecting the axes of the capsules, and a spiral winding mode is adopted in the longitudinal direction. In addition, the balloon groups can be arranged and combined in other ways to form a combined pre-stressed reinforced membrane structure, and then the arrangement of the flexible cables in the embodiment is utilized to configure different structures, so that the detailed description is omitted. The combined prestressed reinforced membrane structure body has various cross-sectional forms, comprises a hollow cross-sectional form and can reduce the filling of fluid. The tubular prestressed reinforced membrane structure can be used as a structure subjected to a hoop load.

EXAMPLE seven

The present embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that: the structure in this embodiment includes three utricules 1, and the annular rigid member welded connection between the different utricules uses same set of flexible reinforcing skeleton to link to each other between the different utricules, as shown in fig. 24 for the utricule junction can transmit the moment of flexure, thereby forms rigid frame formula structure. Or the annular rigid members among different capsules are welded on the same elbow 7.1 to play a role in transmitting bending moment, and the flexible cable is still spirally wound on the outer side of the original capsule after being turned on a pulley of the annular rigid member to play a role in reinforcing, as shown in figure 25; or the intersecting pipe node 7.2 is sleeved outside the capsule body 1a, pulleys are welded on the intersecting pipe node, the end parts of the capsule body 1b and the capsule body 1c are arranged at the two residual pipe orifices of the intersecting pipe node, and the flexible cable is wound and fixed on the pulleys outside the flexible cable, as shown in fig. 26. The intersecting pipe node is shown in figure 27.

The three or more capsules may be connected by the above method, or the capsules may be connected end to form a polygonal or annular pre-stressed reinforced membrane structure, so that the details are not repeated.

Example eight

As shown in fig. 28, the structures in this embodiment are formed by connecting a plurality of annular prestressed reinforced membrane structures 11a manufactured according to the third embodiment with flexible cables 2.1, the flexible cables are wound around the annular prestressed reinforced membrane structures to be fixedly connected with the annular prestressed reinforced membrane structures, as shown in fig. 6, the annular prestressed reinforced membrane structures and the flexible cables form an annular framework 12, and the length of the flexible cables between adjacent annular prestressed reinforced membrane structures can be selected as required; then, wrapping an annular membrane material 14 outside the stressed framework, wherein the diameter of the annular membrane material is 1.4 times of the diameter of the outer ring of the annular prestress reinforced membrane structure body 11 a; as shown in fig. 30, the annular membrane material is pulled to bend inward under the action of the hoop pressure and transmits the applied force to the hoop skeleton 12. The flexible cord of the present embodiment can also be used to establish the connection between the prestressed reinforced membrane structures by spirally winding as described in the first embodiment. The annular prestressed reinforced membrane structure 11a in this embodiment may be replaced with an arched prestressed reinforced membrane structure 11b in embodiment 3, in which flexible reinforced frameworks at both ends are connected with the connecting pieces 5 to form an arch structure, so as to be applied to the ground or water bed, as shown in fig. 29. Compared with the traditional structure subjected to hoop pressure, the structure described in the embodiment has the advantages that only fluid in the capsule body is pressurized, and other materials are all tensioned, so that high-strength materials such as prestressed steel strands can be applied under the stress state of the hoop pressure, and the instability of the structure is avoided.

Similarly, the annular prestressed reinforced film structure in the above embodiment can be replaced by the polygonal or annular prestressed reinforced film structure or the rigid frame type prestressed reinforced film structure described in embodiment seven.

The capsule body 1 is a column-shaped body or a tube-shaped body which can be sleeved or surrounded outside a column-shaped component and is used for establishing prestress of a flexible reinforced framework in the process of filling fluid into the capsule body 1

The shape of the capsule in the present invention means a stable shape having a specific shape formed after the capsule is filled with a fluid. The interlaced winding of the flexible cables in the present invention is similar to weaving the cable material outside the capsule when the distance between the flexible cables is small enough, and this form should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

In the invention, the definition of the bus, the element line and the conducting wire is as follows: the curved surface is regarded as the track of a moving line in space, the moving line is called a bus, when the bus is at any position on the curved surface, the bus is called a prime line, and the line for controlling the bus to move is called a conducting wire.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A prestressed reinforced membrane structure characterized by: comprises a balloon (1) capable of maintaining a fixed shape after being filled with a fluid, a flexible reinforcing skeleton (2) for establishing prestress during the inflation of the balloon (1), and an annular rigid member (3) for bearing a circumferential force; the content of the capsule body (1) is fluid; the annular rigid members (3) are respectively arranged on the periphery of the corresponding end part of the capsule body (1) so that the stress holes (3.1) bear the annular force of the capsule body (1); the flexible reinforced skeleton (2) is arranged outside the capsule body (1); the flexible reinforced framework (2) is mainly composed of a plurality of flexible cables (2.1), flexible fiber cloth (2.2) or a combination of the flexible cables and the flexible fiber cloth; when the flexible reinforcing framework (2) comprises flexible cables (2.1), the flexible cables (2.1) are arranged along the direction of the plain wires or the conducting wires of the capsule body (1), or are wound on the periphery of the capsule body in a staggered mode, or are arranged in a mixed mode; the intersection points of the flexible cables (2.1) arranged along the elementary lines of the capsule body and the flexible cables wound on the periphery of the capsule body in a staggered mode are connected by using nodes capable of transferring force, and the outline size of the filled capsule body (1) is larger than that of the flexible reinforced framework (2) formed by the flexible cables (2.1); when the flexible reinforced framework (2) comprises the flexible fiber cloth (2.2), the fiber cloth completely wraps the capsule body.

2. The prestressed reinforced membrane structure of claim 1, wherein: the size of the bag body (1) is gradually reduced or increased from the middle part to the two ends; when the flexible reinforcing framework (2) is mainly composed of a plurality of flexible cables (2.1), one part of flexible cables are wound on the periphery of the capsule in a staggered mode, the other part of flexible cables are arranged along the plain line of the capsule, the intersection of the two parts of flexible cables is connected by using a node capable of transmitting force, and the included angle between the flexible cables wound in the staggered mode and the plain line of the capsule is gradually reduced or enlarged from the middle of the capsule to two ends.

3. The prestressed reinforced membrane structure of claim 1, wherein: the bag body (1) is a cylindrical bag body with a cylindrical middle part and hemispherical two ends; when the flexible reinforced framework (2) comprises a plurality of flexible cables (2.1), one part of the flexible cables are arranged in a spiral staggered mode, and the other part of the flexible cables are arranged along a plain line; a node capable of transmitting force is adopted at the intersection of the two parts of flexible cables; when the flexible reinforced framework (2) is mainly composed of a plurality of flexible fiber cloths (2.2), the arrangement mode of the flexible fiber cloths is the same as that of the flexible cable, and the intersection of the two parts of flexible fiber cloths is fixedly connected by using a bonding agent.

4. The prestressed reinforced membrane structure of claim 1, wherein: the capsule body (1) is a curved, polygonal, circular or semicircular capsule body with variable curvature; when the flexible reinforcing framework (2) is mainly composed of a plurality of flexible cables (2.1), one part of the flexible cables (2.1) are arranged in a spiral staggered mode, the other part of the flexible cables (2.1) are arranged along the plain line of the capsule body (1), and a node capable of transmitting force is arranged at the intersection of the two parts of the flexible cables (2.1); when the flexible reinforced framework (2) is mainly composed of a plurality of flexible fiber cloths (2.2), the arrangement mode of the flexible fiber cloths is the same as that of the flexible cable, and the intersection of the two parts of flexible fiber cloths is fixedly connected by using a bonding agent.

5. The pre-stressed reinforced film structure of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the node capable of transmitting force is a structure with an arc surface arranged at a crossing point formed by the flexible cables which are mutually wound, so that the flexible cables can change direction at the crossing point.

6. The prestressed reinforced membrane structure of claim 1, wherein: when the flexible reinforcing framework (2) is mainly composed of flexible cables (2.1), the flexible cables at the end part position of the capsule body (1) are wound on an end part rigid member.

7. The prestressed reinforced membrane structure of claim 1, wherein: and sleeving a layer of membrane material outside the prestress reinforced membrane structure body, and performing protection treatment on the flexible reinforced framework.

8. The prestressed reinforced membrane structure of claim 1, wherein: the capsule body is characterized in that a tubular rigid member (10) used for attaching the capsule body to establish prestress is further arranged inside and/or outside the capsule body, the tubular rigid member located inside the capsule body is attached to the inner wall of the capsule body, the tubular rigid member located outside the capsule body is attached to the outer wall of the capsule body, the flexible reinforcing framework (2) is arranged on the outermost side, and prestress of the flexible reinforcing framework and prestress of the tubular rigid member are established by pressurizing the capsule body.

9. The pre-stressed reinforced membrane structure of claim 1, wherein: one or more connecting pieces (5) are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the capsule body (1) to form a cantilever, simple support or multi-span continuous structure form respectively.

10. A modular prestressing force reinforcing membrane structure body which characterized in that: comprises a plurality of bladders (1) which can keep a fixed shape after being filled with fluid, a flexible reinforced framework (2) used for establishing prestress in the expansion process of the bladders (1) and an annular rigid member (3) used for bearing annular force; all the capsule bodies are sequentially arranged in a close manner and connected into a whole by a flexible reinforced framework, and the annular rigid members (3) are respectively arranged on the periphery of the corresponding end parts of the capsule bodies (1) so that the inner sides of the annular rigid members (3) bear the annular force of the capsule bodies (1); the flexible reinforced skeleton (2) is arranged outside the capsule body (1); the flexible reinforced framework (2) is mainly composed of a plurality of flexible cables (2.1), flexible fiber cloth (2.2) or a combination of the flexible cables and the flexible fiber cloth; when the flexible reinforced skeleton (2) is mainly composed of a plurality of flexible cables (2.1), the flexible cables (2.1) are arranged along the direction of the plain lines or the conducting wires of the capsule bodies (1), or are wound among the capsule bodies in a staggered manner, or are arranged in a mixed manner, so that all the capsule bodies are connected into a whole; the intersection points of the flexible cables arranged along the plain lines of the capsule body and the flexible cables wound on the periphery of the capsule body in a staggered mode are connected by using a node capable of transferring force; when the flexible reinforced skeleton (2) comprises a plurality of flexible cables (2.1), the outline size of the capsule body (1) filled with fluid is larger than that of the flexible reinforced skeleton (2) formed by the flexible cables (2.1); when the flexible reinforced framework (2) comprises the flexible fiber cloth (2.2), the fiber cloth completely wraps the capsule body.

11. A modular prestressing force reinforcing membrane structure body which characterized in that: comprising a plurality of pre-stressed reinforced membrane structures according to claim 1, all of which are arranged in sequence; the capsule body (1) is a polygonal or circular capsule body; the prestressed reinforced membrane structure bodies are connected into a prestressed reinforced membrane structure group through a circumferential framework (12) in a winding or weaving mode; the annular framework is mainly composed of a plurality of flexible cables (2.1), flexible fiber cloth (2.2) or a combination of the flexible cables and the flexible fiber cloth; arranging an annular membrane material (14) outside the annular framework; when the flexible ring framework comprises flexible cables, the flexible cables are arranged along the directions of the element lines or the conducting wires of the annular membrane material, or are wound among the prestressed reinforced membrane structures in a staggered mode, or are arranged in a mixed mode; when the circumferential framework (12) comprises the flexible fiber cloth (2.2), the fiber cloth completely wraps the capsule body.

12. A modular prestressing force reinforcing membrane structure body which characterized in that: the reinforced membrane structure comprises a plurality of the reinforced membrane structures as claimed in claim 1, wherein the end parts or the middle parts of the bladders of two adjacent reinforced membrane structures are fixedly connected through a connecting piece and/or a flexible reinforced framework.

13. The modular prestressed reinforced membrane structure of claim 12, wherein: the prestressed reinforced membrane structure bodies are connected into a prestressed reinforced membrane structure group through a circumferential framework (12) in a winding or weaving mode; the annular framework is mainly composed of a plurality of flexible cables (2.1), flexible fiber cloth (2.2) or a combination of the flexible cables and the flexible fiber cloth; arranging an annular membrane material (14) outside the annular framework; when the flexible ring comprises flexible cables, the flexible cables are arranged along the directions of the element lines or the conducting wires of the annular membrane material, or are wound among the prestressed reinforced membrane structures in a staggered mode, or are arranged in a mixed mode; when the circumferential framework (12) comprises the flexible fiber cloth (2.2), the fiber cloth completely wraps the capsule body.