CN111254891A - 一种适用于四大家鱼的仿生态鱼道蛮石布置方法 - Google Patents
一种适用于四大家鱼的仿生态鱼道蛮石布置方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明一种适用于四大家鱼的仿生态鱼道蛮石布置方法,属于水利环保工程领域。本发明提出的仿生态鱼道底坡1:200,鱼道底宽为2.0m,边坡为1:2.5;鱼道设计水深为1.0m,上下游水深均为1.0m;通过将蛮石进行铺设,得到的流速鱼道中的流速范围为1.0m/s~1.2m/s。蛮石铺设方法,包括1,在垂直于流速方向的横断面上采用蛮石采用线性布置;2,相邻断面的蛮石和蛮石缝隙采用交错布置;以及蛮石间的净空设计,本发明给出了一种清晰明确的蛮石型生态鱼道中蛮石的布置方法,能够将控制在1.0m/s~1.2m/s,节约了施工成本,获得预期的流速范围。
Description
技术领域
本发明提出一种适用于四大家鱼的仿生态鱼道蛮石布置方法,属于水利工程环保领域。
背景技术
拦河闸坝等水利工程在开发利用河流资源的同时,也阻断了鱼类自由迁徙的通道,造成生境的破碎化和鱼类栖息环境的变化。鱼道的建设就应运而生,用以恢复鱼类洄游通道,沟通坝址上下游的鱼类遗传交流,承担着保障流域水生态环境的重任。
相对于工程鱼道,仿生态鱼道在生态学和景观学上具有不可替代的优势。蛮石斜坡型鱼道是一种重要的仿生态鱼道型式,其结构复杂,断面型式多变,通常采用在河道中加入偏置、不同排列的大蛮石,水流在横截面变窄处发生流动状态的局部改变进而消杀水流能量,在短距离内实现降低水流流速,提供洄游通道的功能。洄游鱼类在蛮石周围寻找流速遮挡进而上溯。
德国鱼道的指导规范给出了蛮石的一般布置型式:
ax=ay=2~3d
其中ax是蛮石沿流向方向(纵向)的最大布置间距(m);
ay是蛮石沿垂直流动方向(横向)的最大布置间距(m);
d是蛮石直径(m)。
这些大蛮石间的净距离应至少为0.3~0.4m,应将蛮石嵌入底达其深度的三分之一或二分之一。采用以上方案很多研究人员经过多次试验,仍无法采用以上布置获得能够适用于我国四大家鱼的游泳速度范围。因为蛮石搬动困难,产生的流态复杂,消能过程无法准确模拟,因此如何摆放蛮石一直是困扰蛮石鱼道设计的难题。
发明内容
本发明提出一种适用于四大家鱼的仿生态鱼道蛮石布置方法:
仿生态鱼道底坡1:200,鱼道底宽为2.0m,边坡为1:2.5;
鱼道设计水深为1.0m,上下游水深均为1.0m;
鱼道设计流速取1.0m/s~1.2m/s。
蛮石铺设方法,包括以下内容:
1,在垂直于流速方向的横断面上采用蛮石采用线性布置;
2,相邻断面的蛮石和蛮石缝隙采用交错布置;
3,在固定后,蛮石应露出水面,其任意最小周长不小于3m,即其最小等效直径不小于0.96m;
4,当现场蛮石尺寸无法满足上述要求时,采用钢丝笼块石,以上等效直径即为钢丝笼外围直径;
5,等效直径计算方法:等效直径ds=周长/3.14
6,蛮石间距:横向距离是指两个蛮石之间的净空间,对于横向距离,取ay=dsmin,dsmin为本断面和上游断面选用的蛮石最小等效直径,且ay<2.0m;对于纵向距离,当ay>1m,则ax=1~2m;当ay<1m,则ax=2~3m;
其中ax是沿流向方向即纵向,本断面到下游断面之间的间距(m);
ay是沿垂直流动方向即横向,蛮石的最大布置间距(m);
ds是蛮石的等效直径(m)。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1、给出了一种清晰明确的蛮石型生态鱼道中蛮石的布置方法;
2、基于本发明的蛮石型仿生态鱼道设计流速能够控制在1.0m/s~1.2m/s;
3、采用本发明提供的蛮石型仿生态鱼道能够节约成本,并能够获得预期的流速范围。
附图说明
图1本发明实施例一蛮石型仿生态鱼道布置示意图;
图2本发明实施例一蛮石型仿生态鱼道A-A断面示意图;
图3本发明实施例一蛮石型仿生态鱼道B-B断面示意图;
1k-流速仪。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图给出实施例并对本发明进行具体描述。
实施例一
仿生态鱼道底坡1:200,鱼道底宽为2.0m,边坡为1:2.5;
鱼道设计水深为1.0m,上下游水深均为1.0m;
鱼道设计流速取1.0m/s~1.2m/s。
蛮石铺设方法,包括以下内容:
1,在垂直于流速方向的横断面上采用蛮石采用线性布置;
2,相邻断面的蛮石和蛮石缝隙采用交错布置;
3,在固定后,蛮石都露出水面,在第一个断面的所有蛮石中,最小周长为3.17m,最小等效直径为1.01m;
4,蛮石间距:横向距离是指两个蛮石之间的净空间,取ay=1.01m;纵向距离是指本断面到下游断面之间的间距,当ay>1m,则ax=2m;
5,同一断面蛮石等效直径差值不超过10%;
6,重复以上布置,第二断面蛮石最小周长为4.21m,最小等效直径为1.34m;蛮石间距:横向距离是指两个蛮石之间的净空间,为本断面和上游断面选用的蛮石最小等效直径,取ay=1.01m;纵向距离是指两个横断面之间的间距,当ay>1m,则ax=2m;第三断面蛮石最小周长为3.00m,最小等效直径为0.96m;蛮石间距:横向距离是指两个蛮石之间的净空间,取ay=0.96m;纵向距离是指本断面到下游断面之间的间距,当ay<1m,ax=2.5m;第四断面无足够的蛮石,采用钢丝石笼,钢丝石笼的外围最小周长是3.00m,最小等效直径为0.96m;蛮石间距:横向距离是指两个蛮石之间的净空间,取ay=0.96m;纵向距离是指本断面到下游断面之间的间距,当ay<1m,ax=2.5m;第五、第六断面均取第四断面蛮石布置数据;
基于以上布置,完成一个具有6个断面的蛮石仿生态鱼道布置。蛮石布置图和流速测点1k布置图见图1,图2,图3。测得流速结果见表1。
表1各断面蛮石间隙测得流速
Claims (1)
1.一种适用于四大家鱼的仿生态鱼道蛮石布置方法,其特征在于:
仿生态鱼道底坡1:200,鱼道底宽为2.0m,边坡为1:2.5;
鱼道设计水深为1.0m,上下游水深均为1.0m;
鱼道设计流速取1.0m/s~1.2m/s;
蛮石铺设方法,包括以下内容:
1)在垂直于流速方向的横断面上采用蛮石采用线性布置;
2)相邻断面的蛮石和蛮石缝隙采用交错布置;
3)在固定后,蛮石露出水面,其任意最小周长不小于3m,即其最小等效直径不小于0.96m;
4)当现场蛮石尺寸无法满足上述要求时,采用钢丝笼块石,以上等效直径即为钢丝笼外围直径;
5)等效直径计算方法:等效直径ds=周长/3.14;
6)蛮石间距:横向距离是指两个蛮石之间的净空间,对于横向距离,取ay=dsmin,dsmin为本断面和上游断面选用的蛮石最小等效直径,且ay<1.5m;对于纵向距离,当ay>1m,则ax=2m;当ay<1m,则ax=2~4m。
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CN112779893A (zh) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-05-11 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | 一种基于鱼类集群行为习性的鱼道设计方法 |
CN115852910A (zh) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-03-28 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | 一种模块化鱼坡结构、及其设计方法和施工方法 |
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JP2000080628A (ja) * | 1998-07-03 | 2000-03-21 | Hokuetsu:Kk | 粗石魚道ブロックおよび粗石式魚道 |
CN101703023A (zh) * | 2009-11-27 | 2010-05-12 | 史建全 | 青海湖裸鲤溯河产卵过鱼通道 |
CN205530165U (zh) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-08-31 | 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 | 仿自然型的鱼道 |
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JP2000080628A (ja) * | 1998-07-03 | 2000-03-21 | Hokuetsu:Kk | 粗石魚道ブロックおよび粗石式魚道 |
CN101703023A (zh) * | 2009-11-27 | 2010-05-12 | 史建全 | 青海湖裸鲤溯河产卵过鱼通道 |
CN205530165U (zh) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-08-31 | 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 | 仿自然型的鱼道 |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN112779893A (zh) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-05-11 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | 一种基于鱼类集群行为习性的鱼道设计方法 |
CN112779893B (zh) * | 2021-02-01 | 2022-05-10 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | 一种基于鱼类集群行为习性的鱼道设计方法 |
CN115852910A (zh) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-03-28 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | 一种模块化鱼坡结构、及其设计方法和施工方法 |
CN115852910B (zh) * | 2022-11-30 | 2024-05-10 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | 一种模块化鱼坡结构、及其设计方法和施工方法 |
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