CN111254262A - High-performance quenching system suitable for vacuum oil quenching furnace - Google Patents
High-performance quenching system suitable for vacuum oil quenching furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN111254262A CN111254262A CN202010242800.XA CN202010242800A CN111254262A CN 111254262 A CN111254262 A CN 111254262A CN 202010242800 A CN202010242800 A CN 202010242800A CN 111254262 A CN111254262 A CN 111254262A
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- oil
- quenching
- heat exchanger
- performance
- circulating pump
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/63—Quenching devices for bath quenching
- C21D1/64—Quenching devices for bath quenching with circulating liquids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-performance quenching system suitable for a vacuum oil quenching furnace, which comprises a quenching oil groove, a basket type lifting mechanism with a balance weight, an oil circulating pump, a heat exchanger assembly, an oil injection pipe assembly, an oil heater, a temperature measuring device, an air charging device and the like. The lifting basket type lifting mechanism with the balance weight drives the double-row roller chain to pull the four corners of the quenching platform through the motor driving chain wheel, and is positioned and guided by the guide post and the guide wheel, so that the driving force and the impact inertia can be greatly reduced during lifting, and the deformation of a workpiece can be reduced; the oil injection pipe assembly is provided with three oil pipes which are distributed at the bottom and the left side and the right side of the quenching oil tank, and the nozzles are uniformly distributed around the workpiece effective area, so that the quenching uniformity is improved; an oil circulating pump and a heat exchanger assembly in the quenching oil external circulating system can adjust the rotating speed and the cooling water flow according to the feedback signal of the temperature measuring device, so as to adjust the cooling speed of the system. The quenching capacity of the system is improved, the application range is widened, and the structure performance and the deformation of a quenched workpiece reach the design requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a quenching system of a vacuum oil quenching furnace, in particular to a high-performance quenching system with adjustable cooling speed and good quenching uniformity.
Background
Quenching is to heat the material to a temperature above the critical temperature Ac3 (hypoeutectoid steel) or Ac1 (hypereutectoid steel), preserve heat for a period of time to make it austenitized completely or partially, and then rapidly cool to below Ms (or isothermal near Ms) at a cooling rate greater than the critical cooling rate to perform martensite (or bainite) transformation, which is one of the conventional heat treatment processes. The rigidity, hardness, wear resistance, fatigue strength and the like of the material can be greatly improved through quenching, so that different use requirements of various mechanical parts and tools are met. Vacuum quenching is a clean heat treatment process without oxidation heating, and the commonly used quenching medium comprises mineral oil, inert gas and the like. Vacuum oil quenching is most widely used.
However, in the prior art, for aviation and aerospace aircraft structural members with poor hardenability, the common vacuum oil quenching has certain difficulty in ensuring the hardenability and the precision requirement; for large forging dies of engineering vehicles, special vehicles and the like with large section sizes, the phenomenon of large deformation or cracking can be generated by common vacuum oil quenching.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-performance quenching system suitable for a vacuum oil quenching furnace.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a high-performance quenching system suitable for a vacuum oil quenching furnace, which comprises a quenching oil groove, a basket type lifting mechanism with a balance weight, an oil circulating pump, a heat exchanger component, an oil injection pipe component, an oil heater, a temperature measuring device and an air charging device, wherein the basket type lifting mechanism is arranged on the top of the quenching oil groove;
the quenching oil groove is positioned below the furnace body, is connected with the furnace body and is provided with a quenching oil pipeline inlet, a quenching oil pipeline outlet, an oil heater interface and a temperature measuring device interface;
the lifting basket type lifting mechanism with the balance weight is of a lifting basket type structure and comprises a driving motor, a transmission device, a vertical guide rail, a quenching platform and a balance weight, wherein the driving motor is arranged on the side surface of a furnace body, the main body of the transmission device comprises a heavy double-row roller chain and a chain wheel, the vertical guide rail is fixed at the bottom of a quenching oil tank, the quenching platform is provided with a guide wheel matched with the vertical guide rail, four corners of the quenching platform are connected with one end of the heavy double-row roller chain, and the balance weight is connected with the other end of the heavy double-row roller chain;
the oil circulating pump, the heat exchanger assembly and the pipeline form an external quenching oil circulating system, and the oil circulating pump is provided with a variable frequency control device;
the heat exchanger component is a tube-fin heat exchanger, one end of the heat exchanger component is connected with the oil circulating pump, and the other end of the heat exchanger component is connected with an inlet of the quenching oil pipeline.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the high-performance vacuum furnace quenching system provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize comprehensive control and comprehensive promotion of multiple important factors in the quenching and cooling process, improve the quenching capacity to a new level, widen the application range and enable the structure performance and deformation of a quenched workpiece to meet the design requirements.
Drawings
Fig. 1 and fig. 2 are schematic front and side views of a high-performance quenching system suitable for a vacuum oil quenching furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. the oil-gas separator comprises a quenching oil tank, 2. a basket type lifting mechanism with a balance weight, 3. an oil circulating pump, 4. a heat exchanger component, 5. an oil injection pipe component, 6. an oil heater, 7. a temperature measuring device and 8. an air charging device.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below. Details which are not described in detail in the embodiments of the invention belong to the prior art which is known to the person skilled in the art.
The invention discloses a high-performance quenching system suitable for a vacuum oil quenching furnace, which has the preferred specific implementation modes that:
comprises a quenching oil tank, a basket type lifting mechanism with a balance weight, an oil circulating pump, a heat exchanger component, an oil injection pipe component, an oil heater, a temperature measuring device and an air charging device;
the quenching oil groove is positioned below the furnace body, is connected with the furnace body and is provided with a quenching oil pipeline inlet, a quenching oil pipeline outlet, an oil heater interface and a temperature measuring device interface;
the lifting basket type lifting mechanism with the balance weight is of a lifting basket type structure and comprises a driving motor, a transmission device, a vertical guide rail, a quenching platform and a balance weight, wherein the driving motor is arranged on the side face of a furnace body, the main body of the transmission device comprises a heavy double-row roller chain and a chain wheel, the vertical guide rail is fixed at the bottom of a quenching oil tank, the quenching platform is provided with a guide wheel matched with the vertical guide rail, four corners of the quenching platform are connected with one end of the heavy double-row roller chain, the balance weight is connected with the other end of the heavy double-row roller chain, and the bottom of the quenching platform is also provided with a guide column;
the oil circulating pump, the heat exchanger assembly and the pipeline form an external quenching oil circulating system, and the oil circulating pump is provided with a variable frequency control device;
the heat exchanger component is a tube-fin heat exchanger, one end of the heat exchanger component is connected with the oil circulating pump, and the other end of the heat exchanger component is connected with an inlet of the quenching oil pipeline.
The oil injection pipe assembly is provided with three oil pipes which are respectively arranged at the bottom and the left side and the right side of the oil quenching tank, and a plurality of nozzles are distributed around the effective area of the workpiece at equal intervals, wherein the covering size of the left and right nozzles is matched with the size of the longitudinal section of the material area, and the covering size of the nozzle of the lower oil circuit is matched with the size of the cross section of the material area.
And the three oil pipes are respectively provided with a manual flow regulating valve.
The heat exchanger assembly is connected with a water cooling system, and the rotating speed of the oil circulating pump and the cooling water flow in the heat exchanger assembly are adjusted according to a feedback signal of the temperature measuring device.
The air charging device comprises a pipeline, a pressure reducing valve, a control valve and an air storage tank.
The high-performance quenching system suitable for the vacuum oil quenching furnace adopts a basket type lifting structure with external circulation of quenching oil and balance weight, has reasonable configuration, novel structure, adjustable cooling speed and good quenching uniformity, practically solves the key technologies of quick oil inlet, high-speed balanced oil circulation, adjustable partial pressure broken oil vapor film breaking and the like of hard-to-quench parts such as poor material hardenability, special-shaped cross section, large heavy parts and the like, improves the quenching capability to a new level, widens the application range and enables the structure performance and deformation of quenched workpieces to meet the design requirements. The reliability is improved, the cost is reduced, and the method has important technical value and market application prospect.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
after the hot workpiece is transferred to the cooling chamber, inert gas is filled to set pressure, and at the moment, quenching oil is also heated to set temperature. And starting the oil circulating pump, and enabling the quenching oil to rapidly flow to the workpiece oil inlet direction along the pipeline. The lifting mechanism quickly feeds the workpiece into the oil. Quenching oil is gushed towards the workpiece from the lower direction, the left direction, the right direction and the like, and after strong heat exchange with the workpiece. And the heat-carrying quenching oil flows back to the inlet of the oil circulating pump along the liquid level of the oil groove through the heat exchanger, and the oil quenching is completed by the circulation.
The high performance of the quenching system is realized by the comprehensive integration of the following aspects:
1. quenching oil is externally circularly configured, and the cooling speed is adjustable. The oil circulating pump is provided with a variable frequency control device, and the rotating speed can be adjusted to change the circulating flow speed of quenching oil; the cooling water flow of the heat exchanger can be adjusted, and the heat exchange speed of water and quenching oil is changed. Therefore, the cooling speed of the quenching system is adjustable, so that the structure performance and the deformation of the quenched workpiece meet the design requirements. Structurally, the manual butterfly valve, the sealing ring and the like can ensure the sealing reliability of the quenching oil external circulation system.
2. The lifting basket type lifting structure with the balance weight is beneficial to reducing the deformation of the workpiece. The lifting basket type lifting platform is even and stable in stress and suitable for carrying special-shaped, large-sized and heavy workpieces. The counterweight can offset the weight of the workpiece, the driving force can be greatly reduced, the impact inertia is reduced, and the transfer time is accelerated, so that the purpose of reducing the deformation of the workpiece is achieved.
3. The oil injection pipe assemblies are fully covered and uniformly distributed, and the quenching uniformity is improved. The shape characteristics of the quenching workpiece can be fully considered by the arrangement of the fuel injection pipe assembly and the control of the flow of the pipeline by the manual valve. The quenching oil can be used for strongly and fully washing the workpiece and distinguishing key areas, the quenching performance and the deformation are both considered, and the quenching uniformity is improved.
4. The oil quenching chamber aerating device strengthens the quenching capability. And inert gas is filled to a set pressure to destroy the oil vapor film, improve the heat exchange efficiency and strengthen the quenching capacity.
The concrete parts of the invention have the following characteristics:
the volume of the oil quenching tank is matched with the shape and weight of a quenching workpiece, so that enough heat capacity is ensured.
The lifting basket type lifting structure with the balance weight adopts a chain transmission mode. The four corners of the lifting basket type lifting platform are pulled by the double rows of roller chains, positioned and guided by the guide columns and the guide wheels, the stress is uniform, the movement is stable, and the lifting basket type lifting platform is suitable for carrying special-shaped, large-sized and heavy workpieces. The counterweight can offset the weight of the workpiece, the driving force can be greatly reduced, the impact inertia is reduced, and the transfer time is accelerated. The use of the section steel and the standard piece improves the reliability of the mechanism and reduces the cost.
The oil circulating pump is positioned in the quenching oil external circulating system and is provided with a variable frequency control device. The oil circulation pump capable of resisting 180 ℃, the manual butterfly valve and the sealing ring are adopted to ensure the sealing of the oil supply pipeline outside the quenching oil tank. The oil circulation pump has flexible flow and power configuration, compact structure and standard connection between the pipeline and the flange.
The heat exchanger assembly is arranged on one side of an inlet of the oil circulating pump, consists of a water box and a steel-aluminum combined finned tube, the heat exchange area is matched with the heat exchange capacity, and the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are connected with a circulating water system.
The arrangement of the oil injection pipe assembly in the quenching oil tank and the control of the flow of the manual valve on the pipeline can fully consider the shape characteristics of the quenching workpiece. The quenching oil can be used for strongly and fully scouring workpieces and distinguishing key areas, and both the quenching performance and the deformation are taken into consideration.
The power of the oil heater is required to meet the requirement of raising the temperature of the oil in the quenching tank to 130 ℃, and the deformation can be effectively inhibited by matching with proper oil products.
The air charging device is connected with the air storage tank through a pipeline, a pressure reducing valve and a control valve, and can rapidly charge inert gas into the cold chamber to a set pressure which can reach 0.2Mpa at most. The oil vapor film can be destroyed, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, and the quenching capacity is enhanced.
The temperature measuring device enables the oil quenching process to be more suitable for the cooling process requirements of the workpiece.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, after a workpiece is loaded into a material position in a high-performance quenching system suitable for a vacuum oil quenching furnace, a hot gate valve is closed, and a cold chamber gas charging valve 8 is opened. Inert gas is filled to set pressure, and the quenching oil is heated 6 to set temperature. The oil circulating pump 3 is started, and the quenching oil rapidly flows to the workpiece oil inlet direction along the pipeline 5. The lifting basket type lifting platform 2 with the balance weight stably and quickly conveys the workpiece into oil. Quenching oil is gushed to the workpiece from the lower direction, the left direction and the right direction, and is converged in the middle of the material area to form a turbulent flow area, so that the quenching oil is fully contacted with the workpiece and flows away quickly, and the heat exchange is strong. And the heat-carrying quenching oil flows back to the inlet of the oil circulating pump along the liquid level of the oil groove through the heat exchanger 4, and the oil quenching is completed by circulating the process. A thermocouple 7 is arranged in the quenching oil tank 1, and feedback signals can be used for controlling the cooling water flow and the rotating speed of a circulating pump in a water-cooled wall of the oil tank and a heat exchanger, so that the purpose of controlling the cooling speed is achieved.
The oil injection pipe assembly 5 is divided into three paths in the oil groove and respectively gushes towards the workpiece from the lower direction, the left direction and the right direction. The left and right nozzles are symmetrically and uniformly distributed in a geometric mode, the covering size is matched with the size of a longitudinal section of a material area, the covering size of the nozzle on the lower path is matched with the size of a cross section of the material area, the air flow is uniformly conveyed to the surface of a workpiece from the structural aspect, and the uniform cooling is guaranteed. The manual valve on the oil injection pipeline can be adjusted and preset according to the structural characteristics of the workpiece, and both the quenching performance and the deformation are considered.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A high-performance quenching system suitable for a vacuum oil quenching furnace is characterized by comprising a quenching oil groove (1), a basket type lifting mechanism (2) with a balance weight, an oil circulating pump (3), a heat exchanger assembly (4), an oil spraying pipe assembly (5), an oil heater (6), a temperature measuring device (7) and an air charging device (8);
the quenching oil groove (1) is positioned below the furnace body, is connected with the furnace body and is provided with a quenching oil pipeline inlet, a quenching oil pipeline outlet, an oil heater interface and a temperature measuring device interface;
the lifting basket type lifting mechanism (2) with the balance weight is of a lifting basket type structure and comprises a driving motor, a transmission device, a vertical guide rail, a quenching platform and a balance weight, wherein the driving motor is arranged on the side surface of a furnace body, the main body of the transmission device comprises a heavy double-row roller chain and a chain wheel, the vertical guide rail is fixed at the bottom of the quenching oil tank (1), the quenching platform is provided with a guide wheel matched with the vertical guide rail, four corners of the quenching platform are connected with one end of the heavy double-row roller chain, the balance weight is connected with the other end of the heavy double-row roller chain, and the bottom of the quenching platform is also provided with a guide column;
the oil circulating pump (3), the heat exchanger assembly (4) and the pipeline form a quenching oil external circulating system, and the oil circulating pump (3) is provided with a variable frequency control device;
the heat exchanger component (4) is a tube-fin heat exchanger, one end of the heat exchanger component is connected with the oil circulating pump, and the other end of the heat exchanger component is connected with an inlet of the quenching oil pipeline.
2. The high-performance quenching system suitable for the vacuum oil quenching furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oil injection pipe assembly (5) has three oil pipes, which are respectively arranged at the bottom and the left and right sides of the quenching oil tank (1), and have a plurality of nozzles distributed at equal intervals around the effective area of the workpiece, wherein the covering size of the left and right nozzles is matched with the longitudinal section size of the material area, and the covering size of the lower oil nozzle is matched with the cross section size of the material area.
3. The high-performance quenching system suitable for the vacuum oil quenching furnace as claimed in claim 2, wherein the three oil pipes are respectively provided with a manual flow regulating valve.
4. The high-performance quenching system suitable for the vacuum oil quenching furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger assembly (4) is connected with a water cooling system, and the rotating speed of the oil circulating pump (3) and the flow rate of cooling water in the heat exchanger assembly (4) are adjusted according to the feedback signal of the temperature measuring device (7).
5. The high-performance quenching system suitable for the vacuum oil quenching furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gas charging device (8) comprises a pipeline, a pressure reducing valve, a control valve and a gas storage tank.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010242800.XA CN111254262A (en) | 2020-03-31 | 2020-03-31 | High-performance quenching system suitable for vacuum oil quenching furnace |
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| CN202010242800.XA CN111254262A (en) | 2020-03-31 | 2020-03-31 | High-performance quenching system suitable for vacuum oil quenching furnace |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113234902A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-08-10 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Automatic quenching device and method for nickel-based powder superalloy disc |
| CN115679055A (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-02-03 | 烟台晨雨露设计装饰有限公司 | Quenching equipment for bearing forming die |
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| CN113234902A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-08-10 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Automatic quenching device and method for nickel-based powder superalloy disc |
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Application publication date: 20200609 |