CN111250559A - Heat treatment method of annular steel wire - Google Patents
Heat treatment method of annular steel wire Download PDFInfo
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- CN111250559A CN111250559A CN201811451768.5A CN201811451768A CN111250559A CN 111250559 A CN111250559 A CN 111250559A CN 201811451768 A CN201811451768 A CN 201811451768A CN 111250559 A CN111250559 A CN 111250559A
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- steel wire
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
- B21F3/00—Coiling wire into particular forms
- B21F3/02—Coiling wire into particular forms helically
- B21F3/04—Coiling wire into particular forms helically externally on a mandrel or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of heat treatment, in particular to a heat treatment method of an annular steel wire, which comprises the following steps: one-level heat treatment, second grade heat treatment, tertiary heat treatment and design treatment, solved current steel wire heat treatment on the one hand only in order to restore the molecular structure after the steel wire is stretched, be convenient for secondary stretching, neglected the influence of heat treatment to steel wire yield strength and fatigue strength relative value for the difficult fashioned problem of steel wire when processing annular steel wire, on the other hand has solved the processing technology in-process of current steel wire, and the heat treatment process between the tensile adjacent steel wire is loaded down with trivial details, makes the problem that steel wire machining efficiency is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat treatment, in particular to a heat treatment method of an annular steel wire.
Background
The steel wire is one of four major varieties of steel plate, pipe, mould and wire, and is a reprocessed product made by cold drawing hot rolled wire rod.
In the production process of the annular steel wire, firstly, the steel wire is prepared, then the prepared steel wire is processed into the annular steel wire with specific winding distance, angle and diameter through a die, the steel wire has high quality requirement on the steel wire in the process of processing the steel wire into the annular steel wire, the steel wire with overlarge fatigue strength and too small yield strength is easy to break, the steel wire with the undersized fatigue strength and the overlarge yield strength is not easy to stretch and deform, only the fatigue strength and the yield strength are in a relatively reasonable value, so that the obtained steel wire is easy to process into the annular steel wire, the heat treatment in the steel wire production process is an important index influencing the yield strength and the fatigue strength of the steel wire, therefore, the heat treatment process of the steel wire is particularly important, in the heat treatment process of the existing steel wire, on one hand, the heat treatment is only used for reducing the molecular structure of the stretched steel wire, the secondary, make the steel wire difficult fashioned problem when processing into annular steel wire, on the other hand, in the processing technology process of current steel wire, the heat treatment process between the adjacent steel wire is loaded down with trivial details for steel wire machining efficiency hangs down the problem.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems, the invention provides a heat treatment method of an annular steel wire, which solves the problems that the existing steel wire heat treatment is only used for reducing the molecular structure of the steel wire after being stretched, is convenient for secondary stretching, neglects the influence of the heat treatment on the relative value of the yield strength and the fatigue strength of the steel wire and leads the steel wire to be difficult to form when being processed into the annular steel wire, and solves the problems that the heat treatment process between the adjacent steel wires is complicated and the processing efficiency of the steel wire is low in the processing process of the existing steel wire.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a heat treatment method of an annular steel wire comprises the following steps:
(1) primary heat treatment: feeding the stretched steel wire into a first heat treatment heating furnace for heating for 3 minutes, feeding the heated steel wire into a quenching device for cooling, performing primary stretching on the quenched steel wire, and feeding the stretched steel wire into a vibration washing machine for washing;
(2) secondary heat treatment: feeding the steel wire subjected to the primary heat treatment into a second heat treatment heating furnace for heating for 2.5 minutes, feeding the heated steel wire into a quenching device for cooling, performing secondary stretching on the quenched steel wire, and feeding the stretched steel wire into a vibration washing machine for washing;
(3) three-stage heat treatment: feeding the steel wire subjected to the second-stage heat treatment into a third heat treatment heating furnace for heating for 2 minutes, feeding the heated steel wire into a quenching device for temperature-controlled cooling, and performing advanced treatment on the surface of the quenched steel wire;
(4) shaping treatment: and winding the steel wire subjected to the three-stage heat treatment on a die according to a certain winding distance, angle and diameter, and drawing out the die from the steel wire after a period of time to obtain the single-stranded annular steel wire.
In the invention, the molecular structure of the steel wire which is stretched for the first time is reduced by carrying out primary heat treatment on the steel wire which is stretched for the first time, the steel wire which is stretched for the first time is relatively thick, the heating time is adjusted to be 3 minutes, the internal structure of the steel wire which is stretched for the first time can be reduced, the next stretching is convenient, the secondary heat treatment is carried out on the steel wire which is stretched for the second time, the molecular structure of the steel wire which is stretched for the second time is reduced, the heating time is reduced to 2.5 minutes by the relative thinness of the steel wire which is stretched for the second time, the internal molecular structure of the steel wire which is stretched for the second time is exactly reduced, the problem that the molecular structure is changed due to overlong heating time or the internal molecular structure of the steel wire is not reduced due to overlong heating time is solved, and the internal molecular structure of the steel wire is reduced by the tertiary heat treatment, the steel wire, the internal structure of the steel wire is changed, the yield strength and the fatigue strength of the steel wire reach a reasonable value, the steel wire has the capability of bending resistance and deformation resistance, the shaped steel wire can be processed into a designated shape through shaping treatment, and the shaped shape is more accurate through the design of a die in the shaping treatment.
In a preferred embodiment, the temperature in the first heat treatment furnace is 990 ℃ and the temperature in the second furnace is 960 ℃.
As a preferable mode, the temperature of the quenching device in the primary heat treatment process and the temperature of the quenching device in the secondary heat treatment process are both controlled to be 580 ℃, and the reserved time of the steel wire in the quenching device is 5 minutes.
As a preferable mode, the temperature of the quenching device in the three-stage heat treatment process is changed at 500-700 ℃, the temperature change curve chart is changed in a sine curve mode, the change period is 1.5, and the reserved time of the steel wire in the quenching device is 9 minutes.
In a preferred embodiment, the vibration washing machine comprises a vibration part and a washing part, wherein the vibration part lasts for two minutes, and the washing part lasts for 3 minutes.
Preferably, the advanced treatment in step (3) further comprises cooling, acid washing, phosphating and saponification processes in sequence, and the steel wire after acid washing and phosphating is subjected to first water washing and second water washing respectively.
Preferably, the steel wires after the first water washing and the second water washing are sent into a drying box to be subjected to primary drying, the primary drying temperature is 180 ℃, the primary drying time is about 1.5 minutes, and the dried steel wires are subjected to phosphorization washing or saponification.
As a preferable mode, the saponified steel wire is sent into a chain type drying furnace for secondary drying, the secondary drying temperature is 220 ℃, and the secondary drying time is 3 minutes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the design of the invention changes the traditional heat treatment mode, changes the existing heat treatment mode between stretching through the design of primary heat treatment and secondary heat treatment, reduces the complexity of the existing heat treatment between stretching, solves the problems that in the processing process of the existing steel wire, the heat treatment process between the adjacent steel wires is complicated, so that the processing efficiency of the steel wires is low, through the design of three-stage heat treatment, the relative values of the yield strength and the fatigue strength of the steel wire after the drawing forming are properly changed, and the relative values of the yield strength and the fatigue strength are in a reasonable range.
(2) The temperature in the first heat treatment heating furnace is designed to be 990 ℃, and the temperature in the second heating furnace is designed to be 960 ℃. Through a plurality of experimental results, the temperature in the first heat treatment heating furnace is controlled to 990 ℃ and the temperature in the second heating furnace is controlled to 960 ℃ due to the influence of the diameter of the steel wire, so that the reduction degree of the molecular structure of the formed steel wire is the highest.
(3) The temperature of the quenching device in the primary heat treatment process and the temperature of the quenching device in the secondary heat treatment process are both controlled to be 580 ℃, and the reserved time of the steel wire in the quenching device is 5 minutes. The inventors found that controlling the quenching temperature to 580 deg.c and setting the holding time to 5 minutes facilitates the stripping of iron oxide on the surface of the steel wire.
(4) According to the invention, the temperature of the quenching device is changed at 500-700 ℃ in the three-stage heat treatment process, the temperature change curve chart is changed in a sine curve manner, the change period is 1.5, and the reserved time of the steel wire in the quenching device is 9 minutes. Through a plurality of tests of the inventor, the temperature is controlled within 500-700 ℃ and changes in a sine curve, the change period is 1.5, the retention time is 9 minutes, the steel wire is processed in a quenching device for 6 periods, the internal structure of the steel wire is changed, the yield strength and the fatigue strength of the steel wire are in an optimal value, and the adjustment of the better plasticity of the steel wire is achieved.
(5) The vibration washing machine comprises a vibration part and a washing part, wherein the vibration part lasts for two minutes, and the washing part lasts for 3 minutes. Most of iron oxide on the surface layer of the steel wire falls off through the vibration part of the vibration washing machine, and the iron oxide on the surface of the steel wire is completely removed through the design of three minutes of washing time of the washing part.
(6) The advanced treatment in the step (3) sequentially comprises the processes of cooling, acid washing, phosphating and saponification, and the steel wire subjected to acid washing and phosphating is subjected to primary water washing and secondary water washing respectively. The water cooling step after quenching, utilize the difference of quenching temperature and water cooling temperature, make the iron scale of steel wire surface more than 40% peel off automatically, can practice thrift the loss 35% of acid, thereby reduce the cost of spent acid treatment, reach energy-concerving and environment-protective effect, through pickling, bonderizing, the processing of saponification makes the iron oxide on steel wire surface clear away totally, design through the pickling of first time, make the acidizing fluid on steel wire surface clear away totally, avoid receiving the influence in the bonderizing process, design through the pickling of second time, make the phosphating solution on steel wire surface clear away totally, avoid the saponification process to receive the influence.
(7) The steel wires after the first washing and the second washing are sent into a drying box to be dried for the first time, the first drying temperature is 180 ℃, the first drying time is about 1.5 minutes, and the dried steel wires are subjected to phosphorization washing or saponification. And the steel wire after the first water washing and the second water washing is dried, so that the surface of the steel wire is prevented from being attached with a water film to influence the acidification and saponification processes.
(8) The saponified steel wire is sent into a chain type drying furnace for secondary drying, the secondary drying temperature is 220 ℃, and the secondary drying time is 3 minutes. The saponified steel wire is dried in the secondary drying furnace in a loosening day, and the chain type drying furnace has the characteristics of large capacity, high speed and high yield, so that the moisture on the surface of the steel wire is quickly removed.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below. Embodiments of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1:
a heat treatment method of an annular steel wire comprises the following steps:
(1) primary heat treatment: feeding the stretched steel wire into a first heat treatment heating furnace for heating for 3 minutes, feeding the heated steel wire into a quenching device for cooling, performing primary stretching on the quenched steel wire, and feeding the stretched steel wire into a vibration washing machine for washing;
(2) secondary heat treatment: feeding the steel wire subjected to the primary heat treatment into a second heat treatment heating furnace for heating for 2.5 minutes, feeding the heated steel wire into a quenching device for cooling, performing secondary stretching on the quenched steel wire, and feeding the stretched steel wire into a vibration washing machine for washing;
(3) three-stage heat treatment: feeding the steel wire subjected to the second-stage heat treatment into a third heat treatment heating furnace for heating for 2 minutes, feeding the heated steel wire into a quenching device for temperature-controlled cooling, and performing advanced treatment on the surface of the quenched steel wire;
(4) shaping treatment: and winding the steel wire subjected to the three-stage heat treatment on a die according to a certain winding distance, angle and diameter, and drawing out the die from the steel wire after a period of time to obtain the single-stranded annular steel wire.
In the invention, the molecular structure of the steel wire which is stretched for the first time is reduced by carrying out primary heat treatment on the steel wire which is stretched for the first time, the steel wire which is stretched for the first time is relatively thick, the heating time is adjusted to be 3 minutes, the internal structure of the steel wire which is stretched for the first time can be reduced, the next stretching is convenient, the secondary heat treatment is carried out on the steel wire which is stretched for the second time, the molecular structure of the steel wire which is stretched for the second time is reduced, the heating time is reduced to 2.5 minutes by the relative thinness of the steel wire which is stretched for the second time, the internal molecular structure of the steel wire which is stretched for the second time is exactly reduced, the problem that the molecular structure is changed due to overlong heating time or the internal molecular structure of the steel wire is not reduced due to overlong heating time is solved, and the internal molecular structure of the steel wire is reduced by the tertiary heat treatment, the steel wire, the internal structure of the steel wire is changed, the yield strength and the fatigue strength of the steel wire reach a reasonable value, the steel wire has the capability of bending resistance and deformation resistance, the shaped steel wire can be processed into a designated shape through shaping treatment, and the shaped shape is more accurate through the design of a die in the shaping treatment.
The temperature in the first heat treatment furnace was 990 ℃ and the temperature in the second furnace was 960 ℃. After a plurality of experiments, the temperature in the first heat treatment heating furnace is controlled to 990 ℃ and the temperature in the second heating furnace is controlled to 960 ℃ due to the influence of the diameter of the steel wire, so that the reduction degree of the molecular structure of the formed steel wire is the highest.
As a preferable mode, the temperature of the quenching device in the primary heat treatment process and the temperature of the quenching device in the secondary heat treatment process are both controlled to be 580 ℃, and the reserved time of the steel wire in the quenching device is 5 minutes. The inventors found that controlling the quenching temperature to 580 deg.c and setting the holding time to 5 minutes facilitates the stripping of iron oxide on the surface of the steel wire.
As a preferable mode, the temperature of the quenching device in the three-stage heat treatment process is changed at 500-700 ℃, the temperature change curve chart is changed in a sine curve mode, the change period is 1.5, and the reserved time of the steel wire in the quenching device is 9 minutes. Through a plurality of tests of the inventor, the temperature is controlled within 500-700 ℃ and changes in a sine curve, the change period is 1.5, the reserved time is 9 minutes, the steel wire is processed in a quenching device for 6 periods, the internal structure of the steel wire is changed, the yield strength and the fatigue strength of the steel wire are in an optimal value, and the adjustment of the better plasticity of the steel wire is achieved.
In a preferred embodiment, the vibration washing machine comprises a vibration part and a washing part, wherein the vibration part lasts for two minutes, and the washing part lasts for 3 minutes. Most of iron oxide on the surface layer of the steel wire falls off through the vibration part of the vibration washing machine, and the iron oxide on the surface of the steel wire is completely removed through the design of three minutes of washing time of the washing part.
Preferably, the advanced treatment in step (3) further comprises cooling, acid washing, phosphating and saponification processes in sequence, and the steel wire after acid washing and phosphating is subjected to first water washing and second water washing respectively. The water cooling step after quenching, utilize the difference of quenching temperature and water cooling temperature, make the iron scale of steel wire surface more than 40% peel off automatically, can practice thrift the loss 35% of acid, thereby reduce the cost of spent acid treatment, reach the effect of energy-concerving and environment-protective, make the iron oxide on steel wire surface clear away totally through the processing of pickling, bonderizing, saponification, through the design of pickling for the first time, make the acidizing fluid on steel wire surface clear away totally, avoid receiving the influence in the bonderizing process, through the design of pickling for the second time, make the bonderizing liquid on steel wire surface clear away totally, avoid the saponification process to receive the influence.
Preferably, the steel wires after the first water washing and the second water washing are sent into a drying box to be subjected to primary drying, the primary drying temperature is 180 ℃, the primary drying time is about 1.5 minutes, and the dried steel wires are subjected to phosphorization washing or saponification. And the steel wire after the first water washing and the second water washing is dried, so that the surface of the steel wire is prevented from being attached with a water film to influence the acidification and saponification processes.
As a preferable mode, the saponified steel wire is sent into a chain type drying furnace for secondary drying, the secondary drying temperature is 220 ℃, and the secondary drying time is 3 minutes. The saponified steel wire is dried in the dry oven for the second-stage drying, and the chain type drying oven has the characteristics of large capacity, high speed and high yield, so that the moisture on the surface of the steel wire is quickly removed.
The above description is an embodiment of the present invention. The embodiments and specific parameters in the embodiments are only for the purpose of clearly illustrating the invention verification process of the inventor and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the description of the invention should be covered by the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A heat treatment method of an annular steel wire is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) primary heat treatment: feeding the stretched steel wire into a first heat treatment heating furnace for heating for 3 minutes, feeding the heated copper wire into a quenching device for cooling, performing primary stretching on the quenched copper wire, and feeding the stretched steel wire into a vibration washing machine for washing;
(2) secondary heat treatment: feeding the steel wire subjected to the primary heat treatment into a second heat treatment heating furnace for heating for 2.5 minutes, feeding the heated copper wire into a quenching device for cooling, performing secondary stretching on the quenched steel wire, and feeding the stretched steel wire into a vibration washing machine for washing;
(3) three-stage heat treatment: feeding the steel wire subjected to the second-stage heat treatment into a third heat treatment heating furnace for heating for 2 minutes, feeding the heated steel wire into a quenching device for temperature-controlled cooling, and performing advanced treatment on the surface of the quenched steel wire;
(4) shaping treatment: and winding the steel wire subjected to the three-stage heat treatment on a die according to a certain winding distance, angle and diameter, and drawing out the die from the steel wire after a period of time to obtain the single-stranded annular steel wire.
2. The method for heat-treating an endless steel wire according to claim 1, wherein the temperature in said first heat-treatment furnace is 990 ℃ and the temperature in said second furnace is 960 ℃.
3. The method for heat-treating an annular steel wire according to claim 1, wherein the temperatures of the quenching apparatus in the primary heat treatment and the quenching apparatus in the secondary heat treatment are controlled to be 580 ℃, and the remaining time of the steel wire in the quenching apparatus is 5 minutes.
4. The heat treatment method of an annular steel wire according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the quenching device in the three-stage heat treatment process is varied from 500 ℃ to 700 ℃, the temperature variation curve is changed in a sinusoidal manner, the variation period is 1.5, and the reserved time of the steel wire in the quenching device is 9 minutes.
5. The method for heat-treating an endless steel wire according to claim 1, wherein said vibration washing machine comprises a vibration part and a washing part, said vibration part has a time of two minutes, and said washing part has a time of 3 minutes.
6. The method for heat-treating an endless steel wire as claimed in claim 1, wherein said advanced treatment in step (3) further comprises cooling, pickling, phosphating, and saponifying processes in sequence, and said pickled and phosphated steel wire is subjected to a first water washing and a second water washing, respectively.
7. The method for heat-treating an annular steel wire as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steel wire after the first washing and the second washing is subjected to primary drying in a drying oven at 180 ℃ for about 1.5 minutes, and the dried steel wire is subjected to phosphorization washing or saponification.
8. The method for heat-treating an endless steel wire as claimed in claim 1, wherein said saponified steel wire is subjected to a secondary drying in a chain type drying furnace at a secondary drying temperature of 220 ℃ for a secondary drying time of 3 minutes.
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