CN111244585B - Differential phase shifter with filtering function - Google Patents

Differential phase shifter with filtering function Download PDF

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CN111244585B
CN111244585B CN202010052252.4A CN202010052252A CN111244585B CN 111244585 B CN111244585 B CN 111244585B CN 202010052252 A CN202010052252 A CN 202010052252A CN 111244585 B CN111244585 B CN 111244585B
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line
section
transmission line
network
coupling
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CN111244585A (en
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郑少勇
傅灿荣
龙云亮
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Sun Yat Sen University
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Sun Yat Sen University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
    • H01P1/184—Strip line phase-shifters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/201—Filters for transverse electromagnetic waves
    • H01P1/203—Strip line filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a differential phase shifter with a filtering function, which comprises: the microstrip structure comprises a first two-port network and a second two-port network which are independent of each other, the first two-port network and the second two-port network respectively comprise a delay line, a coupling line and a transmission line network, the transmission line network is connected with the delay line and the coupling line, the electrical length of the coupling line is one fourth of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency, the transmission line network comprises a first transmission line, and the electrical length of the first transmission line is three quarters of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency. When the signal passes through the phase shifter, the difference between the electrical lengths of the coupling line and the first transmission line is 180 degrees, the signal is subjected to coherence cancellation, a passband is reserved at a central frequency point, a stop band is generated outside the bandwidth, the filtering function is realized, and the phase shifter can be widely applied to the field of phase shifters.

Description

Differential phase shifter with filtering function
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of phase shifters, in particular to a differential phase shifter with a filtering function.
Background
The differential phase shifter is used as a device at the front end of radio frequency and plays an important role in microwave systems such as phased array antennas, beam forming networks, antenna feed networks and the like. The phased array can change the signal transmitting and receiving directions by changing the phase of the antenna unit, thereby improving the signal transmission quality of the communication system. Therefore, the performance of the communication system can be improved without researching the phase shifter. In order to meet the requirements of miniaturization and function diversification of devices in microwave systems, new challenges are also provided for phase shifters.
A differential phase shifter is a device that provides a constant phase shift over a frequency bandwidth, the bandwidth of which is a result of a trade-off between matching bandwidth and phase shift bandwidth, the range of which phase shift encompasses all of the phase shifts that can be achieved by the structure. The bandwidth and the phase shift range of the differential phase shifter have direct influence on the bandwidth characteristics and the required phase of microwave systems such as a phased array, a Butler matrix and the like.
At present, there are various methods for implementing a differential phase shifter, which mainly comprises a one-way two-port microstrip structure and a 50-ohm transmission line, and cannot implement the filtering characteristic, one of the reasons is that the reference line is a common transmission line without any filtering characteristic.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve the above technical problems, the present invention aims to: a differential phase shifter having a filtering function is provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a differential phase shifter having a filtering function, comprising: the microstrip structure comprises a first two-port network and a second two-port network which are independent of each other, the first two-port network and the second two-port network both comprise a delay line, a coupling line and a transmission line network, the transmission line network is connected with the delay line and the coupling line, the electrical length of the coupling line is one fourth of the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency, the transmission line network comprises a first transmission line, and the electrical length of the first transmission line is three quarters of the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency.
Further, the delay line includes a first delay line and a second delay line, one end of the first delay line is an input port, and one end of the second delay line is an output port.
Furthermore, one end of the coupling line is grounded, and the other end of the coupling line is connected with the first transmission line.
Furthermore, the coupling line comprises a first coupling section, a second coupling section and a third coupling section which are arranged at intervals, two ends of the first coupling section are respectively grounded and connected with the first transmission line, two ends of the second coupling section are respectively grounded and connected with the first transmission line, and two ends of the third coupling section are respectively grounded and connected with the first transmission line.
Further, the transmission line network comprises at least one first short stub, one end of the first short stub is grounded, and the other end of the first short stub is connected with the first transmission line.
Further, the electrical length of the first short stub is one quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency.
Further, the first transmission line comprises a first section, a second section and a third section, the transmission line network comprises two first short-circuit stub lines, two ends of the first section are respectively connected with the delay line and the second section, two ends of the second section are respectively connected with the first section and the third section, two ends of the third section are respectively connected with the delay line and the second section, one end of one first short-circuit stub line is connected between the first section and the second section, and one end of the other first short-circuit stub line is connected between the second section and the third section.
Furthermore, the transmission line network comprises at least one second short stub, one end of the second short stub is grounded, and the other end of the second short stub is connected with the first transmission line.
Further, the microstrip structure further includes a third two-port network and a fourth two-port network, the first two-port network, the second two-port network, the third two-port network and the fourth two-port network are independent from each other, and the third two-port network and the fourth two-port network both include the delay line, the coupling line and the transmission line network.
Further, the microstrip structure includes a reference line, a 45 ° main line, a 90 ° main line, and a 135 ° main line, the reference line including the first two-port network, the 45 ° main line including the second two-port network, the 90 ° main line including the third two-port network, and the 135 ° main line including the fourth two-port network.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the phase delay is provided through the delay line, the phase shift can be controlled, and basic phase guarantee is provided; when the signal passes through, the electric length difference between the coupling line and the first transmission line is 180 degrees, the signal can generate coherent cancellation, a passband is reserved at a central frequency point, a stop band is generated outside the bandwidth, and the filtering function is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a differential phase shifter with filtering according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic topology diagram of a first two-port network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first two-port network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing different impedances of the second short stub and the frequency response of the microstrip structure according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing different impedances of the second short stub and the phase response of the microstrip structure according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a simulation diagram of the frequency selective characteristics of the microstrip structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the actual measurement result of the frequency selective characteristic of the microstrip structure according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating comparison of simulation and actual measurement results of frequency selection characteristics of a reference line in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating comparison between simulation and actual measurement results of a 45 ° dominant line frequency selection characteristic according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating comparison between simulation and actual measurement results of a 90 ° dominant line frequency selection characteristic according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating comparison between simulation and actual measurement results of a 135 ° dominant line frequency selection characteristic according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a comparison graph of simulation and actual measurement results of phase characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained and explained with reference to the drawings and the embodiments in the description.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a differential phase shifter with a filtering function, including: the three-layer structure who arranges in proper order from top to bottom does in proper order: microstrip structure 101, dielectric substrate 102 and metal ground layer 103. And the microstrip structure and the metal stratum are fixed on the dielectric substrate by adopting a microstrip process.
In this embodiment, the dielectric substrate has a thickness of 0.508mm, is made of Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 material, and has a dielectric constant of 2.2.
Referring to fig. 2, the microstrip structure includes a reference line 1, a 45 ° main line 2, a 90 ° main line 3, and a 135 ° main line 4 as a unified reference, the reference line including a first two-port network, the 45 ° main line including a second two-port network, the 90 ° main line including a third two-port network, and the 135 ° main line including a fourth two-port network. In this embodiment, the first two-port network, the second two-port network, the third two-port network, and the fourth two-port network are independent from each other, have similar structures, and optionally are the same and each include a delay line, a coupling line, and a transmission line network. The coupled lines and the transmission line network constitute the basic structure of a transversal filter.
Taking the first two-port network as an example:
referring to fig. 3 and 4, the delay line includes a first delay line 200 and a second delay line 201, one end of the first delay line 200 is an input port a, and the other end is connected to the transmission line network; one end of the second delay line 201 is an output port B, and the other end is connected to the transmission line network. Wherein the first time delay line and the second time delay line are both 50 ohm time delay lines each having a first width W0And a first length Ld。
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, in the present embodiment, the transmission line network includes a first transmission line 202, two first short stubs 203, and two second short stubs 204. The electrical length of the first transmission line is three quarters of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency, and comprises a first section 2021, a second section 2022 and a third section 2023; in the present embodiment, the center frequency is 3.5 GHz. One end of the first section is connected with the first delay line, the other end of the first section is connected with one end of the second section, the other end of the second section is connected with one end of the third section, and the other end of the third section is connected with the second delay line. Two first short-circuit stubs are arranged in bilateral symmetry, the electrical length of each first short-circuit stub is one fourth of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency, one end of one first short-circuit stub is connected between the first section and the second section, and the other end of the first short-circuit stub is grounded; one end of the other first short-circuit stub is connected between the second section and the third section, and the other end of the other first short-circuit stub is grounded. The electrical length of the second short-circuit stub is one fourth of the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency, one end of one second short-circuit stub is connected with one end of the first section, and the other end of the second short-circuit stub is grounded; and the other second short-circuit stub is connected with one end of the third section, and the other end of the third section is grounded. In other embodiments, the first short stub may be one or more, and the second short stub may also be one or more.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, wherein both the first short stubs have a second width WS1And a second length (of size L); optionally the first transmission line has a third length and a third width WL1I.e., the first, second and third segments each have a third length (dimension L) and a third width WL1(ii) a The two second short stubs have a fourth width WS2And a fourth length (of size L).
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the coupling line 205 is an interdigital coupling line, and has an electrical length of one quarter of a wavelength corresponding to a center frequency. One end of the coupling line is grounded, and the other end of the coupling line is connected with the first transmission line. The coupling line comprises a first coupling section 2051, a second coupling section 2052 and a third coupling section 2053, one end of the first coupling section is grounded, and the other end of the first coupling section is connected with one end of the third section; one end of the second coupling section is grounded, and the other end of the second coupling section is connected with one end of the first section; one end of the third coupling section is grounded, and the other end of the third coupling section is connected with one end of the third section.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, wherein the coupled line has a fifth length LcI.e. the first, second and third coupling sections each have a fifth length LcAnd a fifth width Wc(ii) a The first coupling section and the second coupling section have a first spacing S therebetween1A second distance S is arranged between the second coupling section and the third coupling section2。
Specifically, in this embodiment, the same parameters for the reference line, the 45 ° main line, the 90 ° main line, and the 135 ° main line are: w0＝1.55mm,Wc＝0.1mm,Lc＝13.7mm,L＝15mm,Rv＝0.15mm,S1＝0.454mm,S20.15mm, wherein RvThe radius of the via hole is the radius of the via hole when the circuit is actually processed, and the via hole means that the dielectric substrate is opened, so that the microstrip structure on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate is connected with the metal ground layer on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, and short circuit is realized.
Different parameters, such as the first two-port network included by the reference line, are: l isd＝18mm,WL1＝1mm,WS1＝0.2mm,WS2＝0.25mm。
For the second port network comprised by the 45 ° mainline, the parameters are: l isd＝15mm,WL1＝1.5mm,WS1＝0.8mm,WS2＝1.2mm。
For the third port network comprised by the 90 ° mainline, the parameters are: l isd＝11mm,WL1＝1.5mm,WS1＝1mm,WS2＝1.4mm。
For the fourth port network comprised by the 135 ° mainline, the parameters are: l isd＝6.6mm,WL1＝1.5mm,WS1＝1.9mm,WS2＝1.4mm。
In this embodiment, when determining the parameters, the following steps may be performed: first, the central frequencies of the dielectric substrate and the entire differential phase shifter circuit (including the four mutually independent first two-port network, second two-port network, third two-port network, and fourth two-port network) are determined, and according to the dielectric constant and the central frequency (3.5 GHz in this embodiment) of the dielectric substrate, an initial value (L) of the second length and a first width W of the 50 ohm delay line are calculated0. Secondly, since the reference line and the coupled line part parameters of the respective main lines (45 ° main line, 90 ° main line, and 135 ° main line) are the same, the fifth length L may be determined by an ideal matching characteristiccA fifth width WcAnd a first spacing S1Second spacing S2(ii) a Again, the remaining parameters of a uniform reference line are predefined, i.e. comprise the first length LdA third width WL1A second width W of the first stub connected in parallel inside the first transmission lineS1And a fourth width W of the second stub connected in parallel to both sides of the first transmission lineS2. Then, according to the differential phase shift to be realized, the first length L of the length of the delay line of each main line can be determineddAccording to the ideal matching characteristic, the third width W of the first transmission line of each main line can be determinedL1. According to the transmission zero position of the reference line, the fourth width W of the second stub connected in parallel to both sides of the first transmission line can be calculatedS2. Finally, adjusting the second width W of each main line in parallel connection with the first short-circuit stub lineS1The phase slope can be adjusted. Thereby achieving phase alignment between the two-port networks and achieving a constant phase shift within the passband.
The differential phase shifter with the filtering function is simulated or measured, wherein S parameters refer to scattering parameters:
referring to fig. 5, only the impedance Zs1 of the second short stub is changed on the premise of ensuring that other parameters are not changed, and it can be seen that the impedance Zs1 of the second short stub does not affect the position of the transmission zero point of the structure.
Referring to fig. 6, it can be seen that different absolute phases and phase slopes can be obtained only by adjusting the impedance Zs1 of the second short stub.
Referring to fig. 7 and 8, it can be seen that the differential phase shifter of the present invention has a filtering function, and in the actual measurement result, the center frequency is 3.5GHz, the 3dB relative bandwidth is 70%, the insertion loss is 0.95dB, the stopband rejection is greater than 23dB, and the passband is relatively consistent, and the effect is good.
Referring to fig. 9, fig. 10, fig. 11 and fig. 12, it can be seen that the simulation and the test result are relatively consistent, that is, the S parameter satisfies less than-10 dB within 2.31 GHZ-4.86 GHZ, and the S parameter satisfies less than-20 dB within 0-2.31 GH and 4.86 GHZ-7 GHZ, which indicates that the scheme of the present invention is feasible.
Referring to fig. 13, it can be seen that the differential phase shifter of the present invention has a filtering function, and in the actual measurement result, differential phase shifts within ranges of 45 ± 4 °, 90 ° ± 10 °, 135 ° ± 11 ° and the like are realized.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the first two-port network and the second two-port network which are independent of each other are arranged and respectively comprise a delay line, a coupling line and a transmission line network, the electrical length of the coupling line is one fourth of the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency, the transmission line network comprises a first transmission line, the electrical length of the first transmission line is three fourths of the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency, phase delay is provided through the delay line, the size of phase shift of a structure can be controlled, and basic phase guarantee is provided.
2) When a signal passes through the structure of the transverse filter, the electric length difference between the coupling line and the first transmission line is 180 degrees, the signal can generate coherent cancellation, a pass band is reserved at a central frequency point, and a stop band is generated outside the bandwidth, so that the filtering function is realized;
3) the basic structure based on the transverse filter can realize certain filter characteristics, a certain number of transmission zeros are provided, and the interdigital coupling line is used for improving the high-low frequency stop band rejection characteristics of the structure;
4) the phase shift can be controlled by simply adjusting the electrical length of the delay line, and the pass bands of different circuit structures (different two-port networks) can be aligned, the phase slope can be aligned and the position of a transmission zero point is not influenced by only controlling the impedance of the second short-circuit stub line;
5) the invention can realize 62% of bandwidth, the 3dB bandwidth is 70%, the phase shift range can cover 0-135 degrees, the stop band can be ensured below-20 dB, and the passband alignment can be realized, thus being applicable to the next generation of wireless communication system;
6) the relevance of the phase shift characteristic and the band-pass characteristic in the structure is small, and the influence on the band-pass characteristic is small when the phase shift characteristic is adjusted;
7) the circuit structure is simple, the unified reference line is used, the integration is easy, and the design complexity is reduced.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "the present embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A differential phase shifter having a filtering function, comprising: the microstrip structure comprises a first two-port network and a second two-port network which are independent of each other, the first two-port network and the second two-port network both comprise a delay line, a coupling line and a transmission line network, the transmission line network is connected with the delay line and the coupling line, the electrical length of the coupling line is one fourth of the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency, the transmission line network comprises a first transmission line, and the electrical length of the first transmission line is three quarters of the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency; the delay line comprises a first delay line and a second delay line, one end of the first delay line is an input port, and one end of the second delay line is an output port; one end of the coupling line is grounded, and the other end of the coupling line is connected with the first transmission line; the coupling line comprises a first coupling section, a second coupling section and a third coupling section which are arranged at intervals, two ends of the first coupling section are respectively grounded and connected with the first transmission line, two ends of the second coupling section are respectively grounded and connected with the first transmission line, and two ends of the third coupling section are respectively grounded and connected with the first transmission line.
2. A differential phase shifter with filtering function according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transmission line network comprises at least one first short stub, one end of the first short stub is grounded, and the other end of the first short stub is connected with the first transmission line.
3. A differential phase shifter with filtering function according to claim 2, characterized in that: the electrical length of the first short stub is one quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency.
4. A differential phase shifter with filtering function according to claim 2, characterized in that: the transmission line network comprises two first short-circuit stub lines, two ends of the first section are respectively connected with the delay line and the second section, two ends of the second section are respectively connected with the first section and the third section, two ends of the third section are respectively connected with the delay line and the second section, one end of one first short-circuit stub line is connected between the first section and the second section, and one end of the other first short-circuit stub line is connected between the second section and the third section.
5. A differential phase shifter with filtering function according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transmission line network comprises at least one second short stub, one end of the second short stub is grounded, and the other end of the second short stub is connected with the first transmission line.
6. A differential phase shifter with filtering function according to claim 1, characterized in that: the microstrip structure further comprises a third two-port network and a fourth two-port network, wherein the first two-port network, the second two-port network, the third two-port network and the fourth two-port network are independent from each other, and the third two-port network and the fourth two-port network both comprise the delay line, the coupling line and the transmission line network.
7. The differential phase shifter with a filtering function according to claim 6, wherein: the microstrip structure includes a reference line, a 45 ° main line, a 90 ° main line, and a 135 ° main line, the reference line including the first two-port network, the 45 ° main line including the second two-port network, the 90 ° main line including the third two-port network, the 135 ° main line including the fourth two-port network.
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