CN111242367A - Flood regulation method for improving utilization rate of storage capacity of tailing pond based on particle swarm optimization algorithm - Google Patents
Flood regulation method for improving utilization rate of storage capacity of tailing pond based on particle swarm optimization algorithm Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a flood regulation method for improving the utilization rate of the storage capacity of a tailing pond based on a particle swarm optimization algorithm, and belongs to the field of tailing pond engineering. According to the invention, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is matched with specific parameters, so that the search range can be enlarged, the particle learning speed is accelerated, the utilization rate of the storage capacity is improved, and the flood regulation calculation precision is increased; the rechecking process given by the embodiment shows that the algorithm of the invention obtains a more accurate downward discharge flow curve, so that the design of the water discharge structure of the tailing pond is more economical and reasonable; the flood regulating capacity of the tailing pond is fully utilized, and more reliable data are provided for operation management of the tailing pond.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a flood regulation method for improving the utilization rate of the storage capacity of a tailing pond based on a particle swarm optimization algorithm, and belongs to the field of tailing pond engineering.
Background
The flood regulation calculation of the tailing pond is one of important steps in the design process of the tailing pond, the accuracy and the high efficiency of the calculation result have great influence on the safety of the tailing pond and the safety production of mines, and the method has important significance on the design of a tailing dam and a tailing pond flood drainage system. The flood regulation calculation method for the tailing pond is multiple, and comprises a flood process line method which is obtained by calculating a discharge capacity relation curve according to design specification requirements, a design flood method which is obtained by calculating according to an inference formula method and the like.
The discharge capacity storage capacity relation curve method can be used for complex discharge conditions, has no limit to time segment change, has small calculated amount and does not need trial calculation. However, the process control is too complicated, and the difficulty of curve drawing is relatively high. The iterative method is the most common method for flood regulation calculation, and has short calculation time but relatively low precision. The parameters adopted by the design flood reasoning formula adopted by the reasoning formula method are determined based on national synthesis, are not necessarily suitable for local areas, and are simple and convenient to calculate but low in precision.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a flood regulation method for improving the capacity utilization rate of a tailing pond based on a particle swarm optimization algorithm, which is used for realizing the flood regulation of the tailing pond by improving the capacity utilization rate of the tailing pond.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a flood regulation method for improving the utilization rate of the storage capacity of a tailing pond based on a particle swarm optimization algorithm comprises the following steps:
step 1: according to the corresponding discrete data between the storage capacity and the storage water level of the tailing pond, fitting to obtain the storage capacity VLibraryWith reservoir level ZLibraryA relation function between; according to the corresponding discrete data between the reservoir level of the tailing reservoir and the downward discharge quantity, the reservoir level Z is obtained through fittingLibraryAnd the downward discharge qDrain deviceA relation function between;
step 2: determining typical flood according to the flood data of the local calendar year, namely designing a flood process line;
and step 3: according to the storage capacity VLibraryWith reservoir level ZLibraryCorresponding relation between the water level and the reservoir level ZLibraryAnd the downward discharge qDrain deviceDeducing a relation function between the lower leakage flow and the storage capacity according to the corresponding relation between the lower leakage flow and the storage capacity;
and 4, step 4: adopting a maximum peak clipping criterion as a target function, and establishing a mathematical model by taking a relation function between water balance, upper and lower limits of a reservoir capacity, a let-down flow and the reservoir capacity as a constraint condition;
and 5: and (4) solving the mathematical model in the step (4) by adopting a particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain a lower discharge flow process line.
Parameters in the particle swarm optimization algorithm adopted in the step 5 are set as follows: the number of particles was 400 and the learning factor was 2.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the search range can be enlarged and the particle learning speed can be accelerated by matching specific parameters according to the particle swarm optimization algorithm, so that the utilization rate of the storage capacity is improved, and the flood regulation calculation precision is increased; the rechecking process given by the embodiment shows that the algorithm of the invention obtains a more accurate downward discharge flow curve, so that the design of the water discharge structure of the tailing pond is more economical and reasonable; the flood regulating capacity of the tailing pond is fully utilized, and more reliable data are provided for operation management of the tailing pond.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a comparison chart of flood regulation calculation results of the method of the present invention and the conventional iterative method.
Detailed Description
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, a flood regulation method for improving the utilization rate of the storage capacity of a tailing pond based on a particle swarm optimization algorithm comprises the following steps:
step 1: according to the corresponding discrete data between the storage capacity and the storage water level of the tailing pond, fitting to obtain the storage capacity VLibraryWith reservoir level ZLibraryA relation function between; according to the corresponding discrete data between the reservoir level of the tailing reservoir and the downward discharge quantity, the reservoir level Z is obtained through fittingLibraryAnd the downward discharge qDrain deviceA relation function between;
step 2: determining typical flood according to the flood data of the local calendar year, namely designing a flood process line;
and step 3: according to the storage capacity VLibraryWith reservoir level ZLibraryCorresponding relation between the water level and the reservoir level ZLibraryAnd the downward discharge qDrain deviceDeducing a relation function between the lower leakage flow and the storage capacity according to the corresponding relation between the lower leakage flow and the storage capacity;
and 4, step 4: adopting a maximum peak clipping criterion as a target function, and establishing a mathematical model by taking a relation function between water balance, upper and lower limits of a reservoir capacity, a let-down flow and the reservoir capacity as a constraint condition;
and 5: and (4) solving the mathematical model in the step (4) by adopting a particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain a lower discharge flow process line.
Further, parameters in the particle swarm optimization algorithm adopted in the step 5 may be set as: the number of particles was 400 and the learning factor was 2.
Further, the following experimental procedure is given in connection with the actual tailings pond:
basic conditions of a tailings pond: example a flood regulation algorithm is performed on a phosphogypsum tailing pond No. 2 of Yunnan province for 200 years (P is 0.5%), and basic hydrological calculation data are shown in tables 1 and 2:
TABLE 1 flood process for two hundred years
Table 2 water level reservoir capacity relationship
In view of the above-mentioned information, the following experimental procedures are given in conjunction with the method of the present invention:
step 1: using excel curve fitting function, and fitting to obtain a reservoir volume V according to corresponding discrete data between the reservoir volume and the reservoir water levelLibraryWith reservoir level ZLibraryA relation function between; according to the corresponding discrete data between the reservoir level of the tailing reservoir and the downward discharge quantity, the reservoir level Z is obtained through fittingLibraryAnd the downward discharge qDrain deviceFunction of the relationship between:
qdrain device=-0.8636ZLibrary 2+3.4786ZLibrary+2.3113
Step 2: determining typical flood according to the flood data of the local calendar year, namely designing a flood process line;
and step 3: according to the storage capacity VLibraryWith reservoir level ZLibraryCorresponding relation betweenLevel Z of system and reservoirLibraryAnd the downward discharge qDrain deviceThe corresponding relation between the lower leakage flow and the storage capacity derives a relation function between the lower leakage flow and the storage capacity, namely:
and 4, step 4: the maximum peak clipping criterion is adopted as the objective function:
qmax=min(maxqdrain device(t)),t∈[t0,tD]
In the formula: q. q.smaxRepresents the maximum flow of the downstream guard point, m3/s;qDrain device(t) represents a let-down flow rate for a period t, m3/s;t0Represents a schedule period start time; t is tDIndicating a scheduling period end time;
simultaneously, the constraint conditions are met: water quantity balance:
in the formula: vLibrary(t)、VLibrary(t +1) is the initial and final storage capacities of the initial tailing pond in the t-th time period respectively; qInto(t)、QInto(t +1) the flow rates of the initial and final tailings ponds at the t-th time period, m3/s;qDrain device(t)、qDrain device(t +1) the initial and final discharge flow rates of the initial tailing pond in the t-th time period respectively; at is the time step, here taken as 600 s.
And (4) constraint of upper and lower limits of storage capacity:
0≤Vlibrary(t)≤VLibrary max
In the formula: vLibrary(t) tailing pond capacity in flood regulation calculation, VLibrary maxThe maximum storage capacity of the tailing pond.
And 5: solving the mathematical model in the step 4 by adopting a particle swarm optimization algorithm, wherein the particle swarm optimization algorithm adopts C + + language for programming calculation, and relevant parameters comprise: the number of particles is 400, the learning factor is 2, the cycle number is 400, and the specific steps are as follows:
the method comprises the steps of initializing each particle randomly, evaluating each particle to obtain global optimum, updating the speed and the position of each particle according to results, evaluating the function fitness of each particle, updating the historical optimum position and the global optimum position of each particle, outputting the global optimum position as a result if an ending condition is met, and circulating the group from the position where the speed and the position of each particle are updated until the ending condition is met if the ending condition is not met.
Step 6: and (4) analyzing a calculation result:
obtaining the coordinates of a first intersection point of the lower discharge flow process line obtained in the step 5 and the flood process line obtained in the step 2, namely obtaining the maximum discharge flow in the flood process, and comparing the maximum discharge flow with the reservoir capacity to obtain the corresponding highest water head and the corresponding reservoir water level; determining an actual used storage capacity according to the storage water level;
and 7: and (3) checking the discharge quantity of the drainage well according to the results of the flood process line and the discharge quantity process line obtained in the steps, wherein the inlet flow capacity of the drainage well is checked according to the following formula (wherein the inlet flow capacity determines the upper limit of the discharge quantity) aiming at different discharge highest water heads:
① free run-off (in three cases)
when water level submerges the ring beam, Qd=Q1+Q2(2)
in the formula: qcRepresenting the flow when the ring beam is not submerged; qdRepresenting the flow when the ring beam is submerged; qeRepresenting the flow rate when flooding the wellhead;(a square hole),(when between two ring beams); g represents the gravitational acceleration; n iscThe number of drainage openings on the same cross section is shown; m represents a weir flow coefficient; ε represents the lateral contraction coefficient; bcRepresents the width of one drain opening, m; hyRepresenting the weir discharge head, m; hiThe calculated water head m of the drainage flow of the i-th layer total flooding working window is represented; h0A drainage head, m, representing the uppermost non-submerged working window; hjRepresenting a wellhead discharge head, m; omegacDenotes the area of a drainage window, m2;ωsRepresents the area of the well head water flow contraction section m2;ζ4Representing the loss coefficient of the local water head at the inlet of the drainage well; zeta5The local head loss coefficient of the frame is represented and is the sum of the local head loss coefficients of the upright post and the cross beam; omegalRepresenting the total area of the water passing clearance between the upright columns and the ring beams of the frame, m2;
②, half pressure flow
In the formula: q represents a flow rate; g represents the gravitational acceleration; fsRepresents the area of the contracted cross section of the water flow at the inlet of the drain pipe, m2(ii) a H represents a calculated water head which is the difference m between the reservoir water level and the center elevation of the inlet section of the drain pipe; lambda [ alpha ]jRepresents the loss coefficient of the water head of the drainage well along the way, and lambda is 8g/C2(ii) a l represents the depth of water, m, above the top of the pipe in the drainage well; d represents the inside diameter of the drainage well, m; zeta2Representing a drain pipe inlet local head loss coefficient; zeta3Representing the loss coefficient of the local head of the water flow steering in the drainage well; zeta4Representing the loss coefficient of the local water head at the inlet of the drainage well;ζ5representing a frame local head loss coefficient;
③, pressure flow
In the formula: fxRepresents the cross-sectional area, m, of the downstream outlet of the drain pipe2;HzRepresenting a calculated water head which is the difference m between the reservoir water level and the center elevation of the downstream outlet section of the drain pipe; when water exists at the downstream, the water level is the height difference between the reservoir water level and the downstream water level; lambda [ alpha ]gRepresenting the coefficient of loss of the water head of the drain pipe along the way; d represents the inner diameter m of the calculated pipe section of the drainage pipe; l represents the length of the calculated pipe section of the drainage pipe, m; ζ represents the local head loss coefficient on the drain line; zeta2Representing a drain pipe inlet local head loss coefficient; zeta3Representing the loss coefficient of the local head of the water flow steering in the drainage well; zeta4Representing the loss coefficient of the local water head at the inlet of the drainage well; zeta5-frame local head loss coefficient;
the flood discharge tunnel discharge capacity rechecks the discharge capacity of the tunnel body section and is considered according to the uniform flow of the open channel, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: q represents a flow rate (m)3S); a represents the flow cross-sectional area (m)2) (ii) a C represents the thanexity coefficient, ManninggongFormula (I); r represents a hydraulic radius;
the rechecking results are shown in table 3:
table 3 drainage flow calculation table for drainage wells at different reservoir levels
Hydraulic calculation of discharge capacity of the flood discharge tunnel:
the flow section b × h is 1.8m × 2.3m, the minimum gradient i is 0.015 (according to the original design condition), the leakage flow capability of the tunnel section is rechecked firstly according to the uniform flow of the open channel, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: q represents a flow rate (m)3S); a represents the flow cross-sectional area (m)2) (ii) a C represents the metabolic coefficient, Manning formula; r represents a hydraulic radius;
the calculation table of the drainage capacity of the flood discharge tunnel in the warehouse is shown in Table 4
Table 4 flood discharging tunnel water discharging ability calculation table in storehouse
The relationship curve of the drainage flow and the time obtained according to the particle swarm optimization algorithm is shown in the attached drawing 1, and meanwhile, compared with the drainage flow curve obtained by a conventional flood regulation method, the reservoir capacity utilization is more sufficient, and the safety of a downstream protection object is better guaranteed. Flood control results are shown in figure 1: as can be seen from the figure, the algorithm adopted by the invention makes full use of the storage capacity of the tailing dam compared with an iterative method, obtains a more accurate downward discharge flow curve, and can ensure that the design of a drainage structure of the tailing dam is more economical and reasonable; the flood regulating capacity of the tailing pond is fully utilized, and more reliable data are provided for operation management of the tailing pond.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (2)
1. A flood regulation method for improving the utilization rate of the storage capacity of a tailing pond based on a particle swarm optimization algorithm is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: according to the corresponding discrete data between the storage capacity and the storage water level of the tailing pond, fitting to obtain the storage capacity VLibraryWith reservoir level ZLibraryA relation function between; according to the corresponding discrete data between the reservoir level of the tailing reservoir and the downward discharge quantity, the reservoir level Z is obtained through fittingLibraryAnd the downward discharge qDrain deviceA relation function between;
step 2: determining typical flood according to the flood data of the local calendar year, namely designing a flood process line;
and step 3: according to the storage capacity VLibraryWith reservoir level ZLibraryCorresponding relation between the water level and the reservoir level ZLibraryAnd the downward discharge qDrain deviceDeducing a relation function between the lower leakage flow and the storage capacity according to the corresponding relation between the lower leakage flow and the storage capacity;
and 4, step 4: adopting a maximum peak clipping criterion as a target function, and establishing a mathematical model by taking a relation function between water balance, upper and lower limits of a reservoir capacity, a let-down flow and the reservoir capacity as a constraint condition;
and 5: and (4) solving the mathematical model in the step (4) by adopting a particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain a lower discharge flow process line.
2. The flood regulation method for improving the utilization rate of the storage capacity of the tailings pond based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm according to claim 1, wherein the flood regulation method comprises the following steps: parameters in the particle swarm optimization algorithm adopted in the step 5 are set as follows: the number of particles was 400 and the learning factor was 2.
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CN112328952A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-02-05 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Drainage well discharge flow calculation method and device and electronic equipment |
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