CN111240079B - Display substrate and display device - Google Patents

Display substrate and display device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111240079B
CN111240079B CN202010162976.4A CN202010162976A CN111240079B CN 111240079 B CN111240079 B CN 111240079B CN 202010162976 A CN202010162976 A CN 202010162976A CN 111240079 B CN111240079 B CN 111240079B
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light
layer
liquid crystal
crystal layer
substrate
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CN111240079A (en
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李忠孝
王倩
杨松
张庆训
赵文卿
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133615—Edge-illuminating devices, i.e. illuminating from the side

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

The application provides a display substrate and a display device. The display substrate comprises a plurality of sub-pixels, and the display substrate comprises a substrate layer, a liquid crystal layer located on the substrate layer, a cover plate located above the liquid crystal layer, an extinction structure located between the cover plate and the substrate layer and a light source assembly. The substrate layer is provided with a plurality of light inlets, and each sub-pixel corresponds to at least one light inlet. The liquid crystal layer is provided with a plurality of reflection structures which are in one-to-one correspondence with the light inlets, and the reflection structures extend obliquely to the direction back to the corresponding light inlets along the direction from bottom to top. The polarized light emitted by the light source component can enter the liquid crystal layer through the light inlet. When the liquid crystal layer is in the first state, light entering the liquid crystal layer through the light inlet is reflected by the reflecting structure corresponding to the light inlet and further exits from the cover plate, and bright-state display of the display substrate is achieved. When the liquid crystal layer is in the second state, light entering the liquid crystal layer through the light inlet cannot be emitted from the cover plate under the action of the extinction structure, and dark state display of the display substrate is achieved.

Description

Display substrate and display device
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of display, in particular to a display substrate and a display device.
Background
The liquid crystal display has the advantages of high color gamut, lightness, thinness, quick response time, mature process technology and the like, thereby having wide market prospect.
A conventional liquid crystal display device is generally provided with two polarizing plates, which are respectively disposed on outer surfaces of an upper substrate and a lower substrate. This makes the cost and thickness of the liquid crystal display device higher, which is not favorable for realizing the lightness and thinness of the liquid crystal display.
Disclosure of Invention
According to a first aspect of embodiments of the present application, there is provided a display substrate. The display substrate includes a plurality of sub-pixels, the display substrate including:
the substrate layer is provided with a plurality of light inlets, and each sub-pixel corresponds to at least one light inlet;
the liquid crystal layer is positioned on the substrate layer, the liquid crystal layer is internally provided with a plurality of reflection structures which are in one-to-one correspondence with the light inlets, and the reflection structures extend obliquely to the direction back to the corresponding light inlets along the direction from bottom to top;
a cover plate positioned over the liquid crystal layer;
a light-extinction structure located between the cover plate and the substrate layer;
the polarized light emitted by the light source component can enter the liquid crystal layer through the light inlet;
the liquid crystal layer has a first state and a second state, the liquid crystal layer having a refractive index in the first state different from a refractive index in the second state; in the first state, the light entering the liquid crystal layer through the light inlet is reflected by the reflecting structure corresponding to the light inlet and then emitted from the cover plate, so that bright state display of the display substrate is realized; in the second state, light entering the liquid crystal layer through the light inlet cannot exit from the cover plate under the action of the extinction structure, and dark state display of the display substrate is achieved.
In one embodiment, in the first state, an included angle between the light entering the liquid crystal layer through the light inlet and the horizontal direction is a first included angle, an included angle between the reflective structure and the horizontal direction is a second included angle, and the first included angle and the second included angle satisfy the following relation:
Figure GDA0003526573620000021
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
θ1-a first angle;
beta-second angle.
In one embodiment, a distance between an edge of the light inlet departing from the corresponding reflection structure and the bottom end of the reflection structure, a longitudinal height of the reflection structure, and the first and second included angles satisfy the following relation:
Figure GDA0003526573620000022
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
l is the distance between the edge of the light inlet departing from the corresponding reflecting structure and the bottom end of the reflecting structure;
h-the longitudinal height of the reflective structure.
In one embodiment, the light extinction structure includes a light absorbing layer and a first low-refractive layer over the liquid crystal layer; the liquid crystal layer is internally provided with a supporting structure, the reflecting structure is arranged on one side of the supporting structure close to the corresponding light inlet, and the light absorbing layer is at least positioned on the top of the supporting structure and on one side of the supporting structure away from the corresponding light inlet;
in the second state, the light entering the liquid crystal layer through the light inlet is reflected by the first low-refraction layer, enters the light absorption layer and is absorbed by the light absorption layer; or the light entering the liquid crystal layer through the light inlet is reflected by the first low-refraction layer, then enters the reflection structure, is reflected by the reflection structure, enters the first low-refraction layer again and is reflected by the first low-refraction layer, and finally enters the substrate layer through the light inlet.
In one embodiment, the light extinction structure comprises a light absorption layer and a first low-refraction layer positioned above the liquid crystal layer, the light absorption layer is positioned on one side of the reflection structure, which faces away from the corresponding light inlet, the bottom of the light absorption layer is in contact with the top of the reflection structure, and the top of the light absorption layer is abutted against the first low-refraction layer;
in the second state, the light entering the liquid crystal layer through the light inlet is reflected by the first low-refraction layer, enters the light absorption layer and is absorbed by the light absorption layer; or the light entering the liquid crystal layer through the light inlet is reflected by the first low-refraction layer, then enters the reflection structure, is reflected by the reflection structure, enters the first low-refraction layer again, is reflected by the first low-refraction layer, and finally enters the substrate layer through the light inlet.
In one embodiment, the light extinction structure comprises a light absorption layer and a first low-refraction layer positioned above the liquid crystal layer, the light absorption layer is positioned between the liquid crystal layer and the first low-refraction layer, the light absorption layer is provided with light outlets in one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of reflection structures, and orthographic projections of the reflection structures on the substrate layer fall within orthographic projections of the light outlets corresponding to the reflection structures on the substrate;
in the second state, the light entering the liquid crystal layer through the light inlet is incident on the light absorbing layer and absorbed by the light absorbing layer; or, the light entering the liquid crystal layer through the light inlet is reflected by the first low-refraction layer, then enters the reflection structure, is reflected by the reflection structure, enters the light absorption layer again and is absorbed, or enters the first low-refraction layer again, is reflected by the first low-refraction layer, and enters the substrate layer through the light inlet.
In one embodiment, the light extinction structure includes a first low-fold layer over the liquid crystal layer; the top of the reflecting structure is abutted against the first low-refraction layer;
in the second state, the light entering the liquid crystal layer through the light inlet is reflected by the first low-refraction layer, then enters the reflection structure, is reflected by the reflection structure, enters the first low-refraction layer again, is reflected by the first low-refraction layer, and enters the substrate layer through the light inlet.
In one embodiment, in the second state, an angle between a light entering the liquid crystal layer through the light inlet and the horizontal direction is a third angle, an angle between the reflective structure and the horizontal direction is a second angle, and a distance between one side of the light inlet close to the corresponding reflective structure and the bottom end of the reflective structure, a longitudinal height of the reflective structure, the third angle, and the second angle satisfy the following relations:
d≥h*(cotθ2-cotβ)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
d is the distance between one side of the light inlet close to the corresponding reflecting structure and the bottom end of the reflecting structure;
h — the longitudinal height of the reflective structure;
θ2-a third angle;
beta-second angle.
In one embodiment, in the second state, an included angle between the light entering the liquid crystal layer through the light entrance and the horizontal direction is a third included angle, an included angle between the reflective structure and the horizontal direction is a second included angle, and the longitudinal height of the reflective structure, the distance between one side of the light entrance deviating from the corresponding reflective structure and the bottom end of the reflective structure, the distance between the bottom of the reflective structure and the first low-refractive layer, the second included angle, and the third included angle satisfy the following relational expressions:
Figure GDA0003526573620000041
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
h-the longitudinal height of the reflective structure;
h-the distance between the bottom of the reflective structure and the first lower refractive layer;
l is the distance between one side of the light inlet departing from the corresponding reflecting structure and the bottom end of the reflecting structure;
θ2-a third angle;
beta-second angle;
in the second state, the light entering the liquid crystal layer through the light inlet is reflected by the first low refractive layer, then is totally incident to the light absorption layer, and is absorbed by the light absorption layer.
In one embodiment, the substrate layer includes a substrate and a second low-fold layer located between the substrate and the liquid crystal layer, the light inlet is disposed on the second low-fold layer, and a filling material is disposed in the light inlet;
the refractive index of the filling material is the same as that of the substrate, and the refractive index of the second low-refraction layer is smaller than that of the substrate; and in the light rays emitted by the light source component, the light rays which do not pass through the light inlet are totally reflected in the substrate.
In one embodiment, the light source assembly includes a reflecting part, a light source, and a polarizer, the reflecting part converts light emitted from the light source into collimated light, and the polarizer converts the collimated light into polarized light.
In one embodiment, the light source assembly is located on a side of the substrate layer; the light source is disposed under the reflection portion, and the polarizing plate is disposed between a side portion of the reflection portion and a side portion of the substrate layer.
In one embodiment, the display substrate further comprises an anode electrode on the substrate layer, and an insulating layer between the anode electrode and the reflective structure.
According to a second aspect of embodiments of the present application, there is provided a display device including the display substrate described above.
The embodiment of the application achieves the main technical effects that:
according to the display substrate and the display device provided by the embodiment of the application, the bright-state display and the dark-state display of the display substrate can be realized by arranging the reflecting structure and the extinction structure, and a polarizer is not required to be arranged above the cover plate, so that the thickness of the display substrate is favorably reduced; compared with the scheme that the polaroids are arranged on the two sides of the display substrate respectively, the display substrate provided by the embodiment of the application can reduce the number of the polaroids, and is favorable for reducing the cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a display substrate provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a display substrate provided in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a display substrate provided in accordance with yet another exemplary embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of light rays in a display substrate according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a light ray in a display substrate according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of a display substrate provided in accordance with yet another exemplary embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The following description refers to the accompanying drawings in which the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the exemplary embodiments below do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present application, as detailed in the appended claims.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It is to be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one type of information from another. For example, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information, without departing from the scope of the present application. The word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at … …" or "when … …" or "in response to a determination", depending on the context.
Hereinafter, a display substrate and a display device according to embodiments of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The features of the embodiments described below may complement or be combined with each other without conflict.
In the embodiments of the present application, for convenience of description, the up-down direction is determined by defining the direction from the substrate layer to the liquid crystal layer as up and the direction from the liquid crystal layer to the substrate layer as down. It is easy to understand that the different direction definitions do not affect the actual operation of the process and the actual shape of the product.
The embodiment of the application provides a display substrate. The display substrate includes a plurality of sub-pixels. Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the display substrate 100 includes a substrate layer 10, a liquid crystal layer 20, a cover plate 30, a light extinction structure 40, and a light source assembly 50.
A plurality of light inlets 121 are disposed on the substrate layer 10, and each of the sub-pixels corresponds to at least one light inlet 121. The liquid crystal layer 20 is located on the substrate layer 10, and the liquid crystal layer 20 is provided with a reflection structure 21 corresponding to the plurality of light inlets 121 one to one. In the direction from bottom to top, the reflective structure 21 extends obliquely in a direction away from the corresponding light inlet 121. A cover plate 30 is positioned over the liquid crystal layer 20. A light-extinction structure 40 is located between the cover plate 30 and the substrate layer 10. The light source assembly 50 is located at the side of the substrate layer 10, and the polarized light emitted from the light source assembly 50 can enter the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121.
The liquid crystal layer 20 has a first state and a second state, and the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 20 in the first state is different from the refractive index in the second state. In the first state 20, the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121 is reflected by the reflective structure 21 corresponding to the light inlet, and then exits from the cover plate 30, so as to implement bright-state display of the display substrate 100. In the second state, the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121 cannot exit from the cover plate 30 under the action of the extinction structure 40, so that the dark state display of the display substrate 100 is realized.
The sub-pixel corresponding to the entrance light 121 means that the entrance light 121 is located in a region of the liquid crystal layer 20 corresponding to the sub-pixel. The reflection structure 21 corresponds to the entrance light 121, that is, the reflection structure 21 and the light entrance 121 are both located in a region of the liquid crystal layer 20 corresponding to the same sub-pixel, and the reflection structure 21 is used for reflecting the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 from the light entrance 121.
In the display substrate 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application, the reflection structure 21 and the extinction structure 40 are arranged to realize bright state display and dark state display of the display substrate, so that a polarizer is not required to be arranged above the cover plate 30, which is beneficial to reducing the thickness of the display substrate; compared with the scheme that the polaroids are arranged on the two sides of the display substrate respectively, the display substrate provided by the embodiment of the application can reduce the number of the polaroids, and is beneficial to reducing the cost.
In the embodiment of the present application, the liquid crystal layer 20 includes a plurality of liquid crystal molecules, and the liquid crystal molecules can be deflected by applying a voltage to two sides of the liquid crystal layer 20, so that the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 20 is changed. Refractive index n of liquid crystal layer along direction vertical to long axis of liquid crystal moleculeeCan be larger than the refractive index n in the direction parallel to the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules0. In the first state of the liquid crystal layer 20, the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 20 is n0(ii) a The refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 20 is n in the second state of the liquid crystal layer 20e. By adjusting the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules, the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 20 can be adjusted to neAnd n0So as to change the outgoing amount of the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the cover plate 30, and realize the display of different gray scales of the display substrate 100. In one exemplary embodiment, ne＝1.8，n0＝1.5。
In one embodiment, the display substrate 100 further includes an anode layer 60 and a cathode layer 80, the anode layer 60 includes anodes corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixels, and the cathode layer 80 may be a planar electrode connected in one piece. The anode layer 60 may be located between the liquid crystal layer 20 and the substrate layer 10, and the cathode layer 80 may be located between the liquid crystal layer 20 and the cover plate 30. By applying a voltage to the cathode layer 80 and the anode 60, liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 20 can be deflected.
In one embodiment, the display substrate 100 may be further provided with a driving circuit layer. The driving circuit layer is provided with pixel circuits corresponding to the sub-pixels one by one, and the pixel circuits are used for driving the corresponding sub-pixels. The pixel circuit includes a thin film transistor and may further include a capacitor.
In one embodiment, the substrate layer 10 includes a substrate 11 and a second low-fold layer 12 on the substrate 11, the low-fold layer 12 being located between the substrate 11 and the liquid crystal layer 20 and the second low-fold layer 12. The light inlet 121 is disposed on the second low-folded layer 12, and a filling material is disposed in the light inlet 121. The refractive index of the filling material disposed in the light inlet 121 is the same as the refractive index of the substrate 11. Here, the fact that the refractive index of the filling material is the same as that of the substrate 11 means that the refractive index is substantially the same, and the difference between the two is considered to be the same within a preset threshold range.
By providing a filling material in the light entrance 121, the second low fold 12 can be made flush throughout. By setting the refractive index of the filling material to be the same as that of the substrate 11, light in the substrate 11 is not lost when passing through the light inlet 121, which is helpful for improving the utilization rate of light.
The refraction of the second low refraction layer 12 is smaller than the refraction index of the substrate 11. Of the light emitted from the light source assembly 50, a part of the light enters the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121, and the light that does not pass through the light inlet 121 enters the second low-refractive layer 12. By setting the refractive index of the second low-refraction layer 12 to be smaller than the refractive index of the substrate 11, when the incident angle of the light incident on the second low-refraction layer 12 is larger than the critical angle, the light incident on the second low-refraction layer 12 can be totally reflected, and the light loss caused by scattering of the light can be avoided. In one exemplary embodiment, the refractive index of the substrate 11 is 1.5, and the refractive index of the second low refractive layer 12 is 1.25.
Among the light emitted from the light source assembly 50, the light that does not pass through the light inlet 121 is totally reflected in the substrate 11. The light that does not pass through the light inlet 121 is totally reflected in the substrate 11, which means that the light that does not pass through the light inlet 121 is totally reflected by the second low-refraction layer 12, and then enters the substrate 11 and is totally reflected by the edge of the substrate 11 away from the second low-refraction layer 12. The light reflected by the edge of the substrate 11 may enter the liquid crystal layer 20 through the other entrance light 121 or be totally reflected again by the second low refraction layer 12. Thus, all the light emitted from the light source assembly 50 finally enters the liquid crystal layer 20, and the utilization rate of the light is improved.
In one embodiment, a plurality of spacers 22 are disposed in the liquid crystal layer 20, and the spacers 22 are used to divide the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 20 into a plurality of regions, and each sub-pixel corresponds to a liquid crystal molecule in one region. The spacer 22 may be made of resin, for example.
In one embodiment, a supporting structure 23 is further disposed in the liquid crystal layer 20, and the reflective structure 21 is disposed on a side of the supporting structure 23 close to the light inlet 121 corresponding to the supporting structure 23. The support structure 23 is used to support the reflective structure 21, so as to fix the reflective structure 21 in the liquid crystal layer 20. The material of the support structure 23 may be a resin.
In one embodiment, the material of the reflective structure 21 may be metal. The metal has a high reflectivity for light, so that light incident on the reflective structure 21 is almost totally reflected, which is helpful to improve the utilization rate of light.
In one embodiment, when the reflective structure 21 is made of a metal material, the display substrate 100 may further include an insulating layer 70 between the reflective structure 21 and the anode layer 60. The insulating layer 70 can prevent the reflective structure 21 and the anode layer 60 from being electrically connected to affect the normal display of the display substrate 100.
The refractive index of the insulating layer 70 may be the same as the refractive index of the filling material in the light inlet 121, so that light is not lost when passing through the interface between the light inlet 121 and the insulating layer 70, which is helpful to improve the utilization rate of light.
In one embodiment, the light source assembly 50 includes a light source 51, a reflecting part 52, and a polarizing plate 53. The reflecting portion 52 converts the light emitted from the light source 51 into collimated light, and the polarizing plate 53 converts the collimated light into polarized light. Since the light emitted from the light source assembly 50 can enter the light inlet 121, a certain included angle exists between the propagation direction of the light and the horizontal direction after the light emitted from the light source 51 passes through the reflection portion 52. The light passes through the polarizer 53 and becomes linearly polarized light, and the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light is perpendicular to the lamination direction of the display substrate film layers. The reflecting portion 52 may be a parabolic mirror. In an exemplary embodiment, the angle between the light exiting from the reflection part 52 and the horizontal direction may be 15 °.
In one embodiment, the light source assembly 50 is located on the side of the substrate layer; the light source 51 is disposed under the reflection portion 52, and the polarizing plate 53 is disposed between a side of the reflection portion 52 and a side of the substrate layer 10. Specifically, the polarizing plate 53 is disposed between the side of the reflection portion 52 and the side of the substrate 11. By arranging the light source assembly 50 at the side of the substrate layer 10, the light emitted from the light source assembly 50 is polarized light, so that a polarizer is not required to be arranged at the bottom of the substrate layer 10, which is beneficial to reducing the thickness of the display substrate.
In one embodiment, the polarizer 53 may be a WGP (metal wire grid polarizer). In other embodiments, other types of polarizers may be used for polarizer 53.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 4, in the first state, an angle between the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121 and the horizontal direction is a first angle θ1The included angle between the reflecting structure 21 and the horizontal direction is a second included angle beta, and the first included angle theta1And the second included angle beta satisfies the following relation (1):
Figure GDA0003526573620000101
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
θ1-a first angle;
beta-second angle.
With this arrangement, in the first state of the liquid crystal layer 20, after the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121 is reflected by the reflection structure 21, the light exits along a direction perpendicular to the display substrate 100, so as to improve the brightness of the display substrate 100 in the bright state.
Due to the second angle β between the reflective structure 21 and the horizontal direction, the angle between the sidewall of the supporting structure 23 for supporting the reflective structure and the horizontal direction is equal to the second angle β.
It can be known that, when the included angle between the light emitted from the light source assembly 50 and the horizontal direction, the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 20, and the refractive index of the substrate 11 and the filling material in the light inlet 121 are fixed, the included angle between the light reflected by the reflection structure 21 and the horizontal direction is 90 ° by adjusting the second included angle β, that is, the light reflected by the reflection structure 21 is emitted along the direction perpendicular to the cover plate 30 of the display substrate.
In one exemplary embodiment, the light emitted from the light source module 50 forms an angle of 15 ° with the horizontal direction, and the refractive index n of the liquid crystal layer 20 in the first state0When the refractive index of the substrate 11 and the filler in the light inlet 121 is 1.5, the incident angle of the light emitted from the light source assembly 50 when the light enters the liquid crystal layer 20 is 75 °. Due to the refractive index n of the liquid crystal layer 20 in the first state0The refractive index of the filling material in the light inlet 121 is the same, and the included angle between the light incident on the liquid crystal layer 20 and the horizontal direction is the first included angle θ115 ° is set. The second included angle β can be calculated by the above equation (1) to be 52.5 °.
In one embodiment, the distance L between the edge of the light inlet 121 facing away from the corresponding reflective structure 21 and the bottom end of the reflective structure 21, the longitudinal height h of the reflective structure, and the first included angle θ1And the second included angle β satisfies the following relation (2):
Figure GDA0003526573620000111
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
l is the distance between the edge of the light inlet, which faces away from the reflecting structure, and the bottom end of the reflecting structure;
h-the longitudinal height of the reflecting structure.
With this arrangement, in the first state of the liquid crystal layer 20, the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121 can be reflected by the reflective structure 21, and then exits along the direction perpendicular to the cover plate 30 of the display substrate, so as to further improve the display effect of the display substrate 100 in the bright state.
In the embodiment of the present application, since the thicknesses of the anode layer 60, the insulating layer 70 and the second low-folded layer 12 are very small and negligible, the thicknesses of the above-mentioned layers are not considered in the formula (2) and the following formulas.
The light-attenuating structures 40 can be embodied in a number of ways, as will be described in more detail below.
In a first possible embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the light extinction structure 40 includes a light absorbing layer 41 and a first low-fold layer 42 over the liquid crystal layer 20; the light absorbing layer 41 is at least located on the top of the support structure 23 and on a side of the support structure 23 facing away from the corresponding light inlet 121. The light absorbing layer 41 may be disposed on the top of the support structure 23 and a side of the support structure 23 facing away from the corresponding light inlet 121, or the light absorbing layer 41 may be disposed on the top of the support structure 23, a side of the support structure 23 facing away from the corresponding light inlet 121, and an area of the anode layer 60 adjacent to the side of the support structure 23 facing away from the corresponding light inlet 121.
In the second state, the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121 is reflected by the first low-refraction layer 42, enters the light absorption layer 41, and is absorbed by the light absorption layer 41; or the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121 is reflected by the first low-refraction layer 42, enters the reflection structure 21, is reflected by the reflection structure 21, enters the first low-refraction layer 42 again, is reflected by the first low-refraction layer 42, and finally enters the substrate layer 10 through the light inlet 121.
In this way, in the second state of the liquid crystal layer 20, the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121 is absorbed by the light absorbing layer 41, or is reflected and re-incident into the substrate 11 through the light inlet 121, so that dark state display of the display substrate 100 can be realized.
In one embodiment, in a top-to-bottom direction, a side of the support structure 23 facing away from the corresponding light inlet 121 may be inclined in a direction away from the light inlet 121. This facilitates the light absorbing layer 41 disposed at the side of the support structure 23 to absorb the light reflected by the first low refraction layer 42.
Referring to fig. 4, in the second state of the liquid crystal layer 20, an angle between the light incident on the liquid crystal layer 20 and the horizontal direction is a third angle θ2. First included angle theta1At a third angle theta2Satisfies the following relation (3):
cosθ1*n0＝cosθ2*ne (3)
in one exemplary embodiment, the light emitted from the light source assembly 50 includes an angle with the horizontal direction15 °, a second angle β of 52.5 °, and a refractive index n of the liquid crystal layer 20 in the first state01.5, the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 20 in the second state is neWhen the refractive index of the filling material in the substrate 11 and the light inlet 121 is 1.8, the first angle θ between the light incident on the liquid crystal layer 20 and the horizontal direction when the liquid crystal layer 20 is in the first state is 1.51By 15 °, θ can be obtained from the above formula2＝36°。
A fourth included angle θ between the light reflected by the first low-refraction layer 42 and the reflective structure 21 and the light incident on the reflective structure 213＝90°-β+90°-θ2，θ2When 36.4 ° and β is 52.5 °, θ can be calculated391.5. That is, the included angle between the light reflected by the first low-refraction layer 42 and the light incident on the reflection structure 21 is close to 90 °, at this time, the light is reflected by the reflection structure 21, and returns to the first low-refraction layer 42 according to the original incident light path, and then returns to the substrate 11 through the light inlet 121.
It can be known that the included angle between the light emitted from the light source module 50 and the horizontal direction is 15 °, the second included angle β is 52.5 °, and the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 20 in the first state is n01.5, the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 20 in the second state is neWhen the refractive index of the filling material in the substrate 11 and the light inlet 121 is 1.8, the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121 can exit in the direction perpendicular to the cover plate when the liquid crystal layer 20 is in the first state, so that the bright state display of the display substrate 100 is realized; and when the liquid crystal layer 20 is in the second state, the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121 cannot exit from the cover plate, so that the dark state display of the display substrate 100 is realized.
In an embodiment, when the extinction structure 40 is disposed as shown in fig. 1, in the second state, the longitudinal height H of the reflection structure 21, the distance L between the side of the light entrance 121 departing from the corresponding reflection structure 21 and the bottom end of the reflection structure 21, the distance H between the bottom of the reflection structure 21 and the first low-refraction layer 42, the second included angle β, and the third included angle θ2Satisfies the following relation (4):
Figure GDA0003526573620000131
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
h — the longitudinal height of the reflective structure;
h-the distance between the bottom of the reflective structure and the first lower refractive layer;
l is the distance between one side of the light inlet departing from the corresponding reflecting structure and the bottom end of the reflecting structure;
θ2-a third angle;
beta-second angle.
With such an arrangement, when the liquid crystal layer 20 is in the second state, the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121 is reflected by the first low refractive layer 42 and then totally enters the light absorbing layer 41 to be absorbed by the light absorbing layer 41, so that the light entering the corresponding region of other sub-pixels without being absorbed by the light absorbing layer 41 can be avoided, and crosstalk of light of different sub-pixels can be avoided.
Further, when the arrangement manner of the light extinction structure 40 is as shown in fig. 1, if the longitudinal height H of the reflection structure 21, the distance L between the side of the light entrance 121 departing from the corresponding reflection structure 21 and the bottom end of the reflection structure 21, the distance H between the bottom of the reflection structure 21 and the first low-refractive layer 42, the second included angle β, and the third included angle θ2When the above-mentioned relational expression (2) and relational expression (4) are satisfied simultaneously, when the liquid crystal layer 20 is in the first state, the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121 is reflected by the reflective structure 21, and then is totally emitted from the cover plate 30; and when the liquid crystal layer 20 is in the second state, all the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121 is absorbed by the light absorbing layer 41, and the light path of the light is schematically shown in fig. 5. In one exemplary embodiment, θ2＝36°、θ1Calculated 15 °, 52.5 ° and 20 μm, H6.75 μm and H12.5 μm.
In a second possible embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the light extinction structure 40 includes a light absorption layer 41 and a first low-refraction layer 42 located above the liquid crystal layer 20, the light absorption layer 41 is located on a side of the reflection structure 21 facing away from the corresponding light inlet 121, a bottom of the light absorption layer 41 is in contact with a top of the reflection structure 21, and a top of the light absorption layer 41 is against the first low-refraction layer 42.
In the second state, the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121 is reflected by the first low-refraction layer 42, enters the light absorption layer 41, and is absorbed by the light absorption layer 41; or the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121 is reflected by the first low-refraction layer 42, enters the reflection structure 21, is reflected by the reflection structure 21, enters the first low-refraction layer 42 again, is reflected by the first low-refraction layer 42, and finally enters the substrate layer 10 through the light inlet 121.
In this way, in the second state of the liquid crystal layer 20, the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121 is absorbed by the light absorbing layer 41, or is reflected and re-incident into the substrate 11 through the light inlet, so that dark state display of the display substrate 100 can be realized.
In this embodiment, since the light absorbing layer 41 is not required to be disposed on the side of the supporting structure 23 away from the corresponding light inlet 121, the size of the pixel can be reduced, which is helpful for increasing the pixel density of the display substrate.
In this embodiment, when the angle between the light emitted from the light source assembly 50 and the horizontal direction is 15 °, the second angle β is 52.5 °, and the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 20 in the first state is n01.5, the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 20 in the second state is neWhen the refractive index of the filling material in the substrate 11 and the light inlet 121 is 1.8, the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121 can exit in a direction perpendicular to the cover plate when the liquid crystal layer 20 is in the first state, so that bright state display of the display substrate 100 is realized; and when the liquid crystal layer 20 is in the second state, the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121 cannot exit from the cover plate 30, so that the dark state display of the display substrate 100 is realized.
In one embodiment, the extinction structure 40 is arranged in the manner shown in fig. 2, in the second state, the longitudinal direction of the reflection structure 21A height H, a distance L between a side of the light entrance 121 departing from the corresponding reflection structure 21 and a bottom end of the reflection structure 21, a distance H between a bottom of the reflection structure 21 and the first low-refraction layer 42, and the third included angle θ2And the second included angle β satisfies the following relational expression (4):
Figure GDA0003526573620000151
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
h-the longitudinal height of the reflective structure;
h-the distance between the bottom of the reflective structure and the first lower refractive layer;
l is the distance between one side of the light inlet deviating from the corresponding reflection structure and the bottom end of the reflection structure;
θ2-a third angle;
beta-second angle.
With this arrangement, when the liquid crystal layer 20 is in the second state, the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121 is reflected by the first low refraction layer 42, then enters the light absorption layer 41, and is absorbed by the light absorption layer 41. That is, the light incident on the liquid crystal layer 20 is reflected by the first low-refraction layer 42 and then totally incident on the light-absorbing layer 41, so that the light can be prevented from entering the corresponding area of other sub-pixels without being absorbed by the light-absorbing layer 41, and the crosstalk of the light of different sub-pixels can be avoided.
Further, when the extinction structure 40 is disposed in the manner shown in fig. 2, if the longitudinal height H of the reflection structure 21, the distance L between the side of the light entrance 121 departing from the corresponding reflection structure 21 and the bottom end of the reflection structure 21, the distance H between the bottom of the reflection structure 21 and the first low-refraction layer 42, the second included angle β, and the third included angle θ2When the above-mentioned relational expressions (2) and (4) are satisfied, when the liquid crystal layer 20 is in the first state, all the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121 can be reflected by the reflective structure 21, and then all the light exits from the cover plate 30, and the liquid crystal layer 20 is in the second stateIn this state, all the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121 is absorbed by the light absorbing layer 41, and the light path diagram of the light is shown in fig. 5. In one exemplary embodiment, θ2＝36°、θ1Calculated 15 °, 52.5 ° and 20 μm, H6.75 μm and H12.5 μm.
In one embodiment, an orthographic projection of the light absorbing layer 41 on the substrate layer 10 is not coincident with an orthographic projection of the reflective structure 21 on the substrate layer 10. Thus, when the liquid crystal layer 20 is in the first state, the light absorbing layer 41 is disposed without affecting the light output.
In a third possible implementation manner, referring to fig. 3, the light extinction structure 40 includes a light absorption layer 41 and a first low-refraction layer 42 located above the liquid crystal layer 20, the light absorption layer 41 is located between the liquid crystal layer 20 and the first low-refraction layer 42, light outlets 411 corresponding to the reflection structures 21 one by one are provided on the light absorption layer 41, and an orthogonal projection of the reflection structure 21 on the substrate layer 10 falls within an orthogonal projection of the light outlet 411 corresponding to the reflection structure 21 on the substrate layer 10. The orthographic projection of the reflection structure 21 on the substrate layer 10 falls within the orthographic projection of the corresponding light outlet 411 on the substrate layer 10, that is, the orthographic projection of the reflection structure 21 on the substrate layer 10 is the same as the orthographic projection area of the corresponding light outlet 411 on the substrate layer 10, and the two are completely overlapped, or the orthographic projection area of the reflection structure 21 on the substrate layer 10 is smaller than the orthographic projection of the corresponding light outlet 411 on the substrate layer 10, and all the orthographic projections of the reflection structure 21 on the substrate layer 10 fall within the orthographic projection of the corresponding light outlet 411 on the substrate layer 10.
In the second state, the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121 is incident on the light absorbing layer 41 and absorbed by the light absorbing layer 41; alternatively, the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121 is reflected by the first low refraction layer 42, enters the reflection structure 21, is reflected by the reflection structure 21, enters the light absorption layer 41 again, is absorbed, enters the first low refraction layer 42 again, is reflected by the first low refraction layer 42, and finally enters the substrate layer 10 through the light inlet 121.
With this arrangement, in the second state, the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121 is absorbed by the light absorbing layer 41, or reflected and re-incident into the substrate 11 through the light inlet, so that the dark state display of the display substrate 100 can be realized. Moreover, since the orthographic projection of the reflective structure 21 on the substrate layer 10 falls within the orthographic projection of the light outlet 411 on the substrate layer 10, when the liquid crystal layer 20 is in the first state, the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121 is reflected by the reflective structure 21 and then can be totally emitted from the light outlet 411, so that the normal display of the display substrate 100 is ensured.
In this embodiment, since the light absorbing layer 41 is not required to be disposed on the side of the supporting structure 23 away from the corresponding light inlet 121, the size of the pixel can be reduced, which is helpful for increasing the pixel density of the display substrate.
In one exemplary embodiment, the light emitted from the light source module 50 has an angle of 15 ° with the horizontal direction, the second angle β is 52.5 °, and the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 20 in the first state is n01.5, the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 20 in the second state is neWhen the refractive index of the filling material in the substrate 11 and the light inlet 121 is 1.8, the refractive index of the filling material in the liquid crystal layer 20 is 1.5, and in the second state of the liquid crystal layer 20, the light incident on the liquid crystal layer 20 is reflected by the first low refractive layer 42 and then incident on the reflective structure 21, and a fourth included angle θ between the light incident on the reflective structure 21 and the reflective structure 21 is a fourth included angle θ391.5. That is, the included angle between the light reflected by the first low refractive layer 42 and incident on the reflective structure 21 is close to 90 °, and at this time, the light incident on the emitting structure 21 returns according to the original incident light path, and finally returns to the substrate 11 through the light inlet 121.
In a fourth possible embodiment, see fig. 6, the matting structure 40 comprises a first low-fold layer 42 over the liquid crystal layer 20; the top of the reflective structure 21 abuts the first low refraction layer 42. At this time, the light extinction structure 40 includes only the first low-fold layer 42, and does not include the light absorbing layer 41.
In the second state, the liquid crystal layer 20, the light entering the liquid crystal layer 20 through the light inlet 121 is reflected by the first low-refraction layer 42, enters the reflection structure 21, is reflected by the reflection structure 21, enters the first low-refraction layer 42 again, is reflected by the first low-refraction layer 42, and finally enters the substrate layer 10 through the light inlet 121.
With this arrangement, dark state display of the display substrate 100 can be achieved without providing a light absorbing layer.
In this embodiment, since the light absorbing layer 41 is not required to be disposed on the side of the supporting structure 23 away from the corresponding light inlet 121, the size of the pixel can be reduced, which is helpful for increasing the pixel density of the display substrate.
In one exemplary embodiment, the light emitted from the light source module 50 has an angle of 15 ° with the horizontal direction, the second angle β is 52.5 °, and the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 20 in the first state is n01.5, the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 20 in the second state is neWhen the refractive index of the filling material in the substrate 11 and the light inlet 121 is 1.8, the refractive index of the filling material in the liquid crystal layer 20 is 1.5, and in the second state of the liquid crystal layer 20, the light incident on the liquid crystal layer 20 is reflected by the first low refractive layer 42 and then incident on the reflective structure 21, and a fourth included angle θ between the light incident on the reflective structure 21 and the reflective structure 21 is a fourth included angle θ391.5. That is, the angle between the light beam incident on the reflection structure 21 after being reflected by the first low-refraction layer 42 and the reflection structure is close to 90 °, at this time, the light beam incident on the reflection structure 21 returns according to the original incident light path, and finally returns to the substrate 11 through the light inlet 121.
In an embodiment, when the extinction structure 40 is disposed as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, or 6, the liquid crystal layer 20 is in the second state, and the distance d between the side of the light inlet 121 close to the reflection structure 21 and the bottom end of the reflection structure 21 and the third included angle θ are2And the second included angle β satisfies the following relational expression (5):
d≥h*(cotθ2-cotβ) (5)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
d is the distance between one side of the light inlet close to the corresponding reflecting structure and the bottom end of the reflecting structure;
h-the longitudinal height of the reflective structure;
θ2-a third angle;
beta-second angle.
So set up, liquid crystal layer 20 is in during the second state, can avoid on the light that enters into liquid crystal layer 20 through income light mouth 121 incides corresponding reflection configuration 21, and then is emergent from apron 30 after being reflected by reflection configuration 21, can guarantee to pass through income light mouth 121 gets into liquid crystal layer 20's light can not follow apron 30 outgoing to be favorable to realizing the dark state of display substrate 100 and showing.
In one exemplary embodiment, θ236.4 °, β 52.5 °, h 6.75 μm, and d ≧ 4.1 μm as calculated by the above equation (5). When d is 4.1 μm, the pixel size can be made smaller, which contributes to increasing the pixel density of the display substrate 100.
In one embodiment, the refractive index of the first low-refractive layer 42 is less than the minimum refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 20 (i.e., the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 20 in the first state). In this way, in the second state of the liquid crystal layer 20, all light incident on the first low-refractive layer 42 is reflected, thereby facilitating dark-state display of the display substrate 100.
In one embodiment, the material of the light absorbing layer 41 may be black resin, or the light absorbing layer 41 may be made of black matrix.
The embodiment of the present application further provides a display device, which includes the display substrate 100 according to any one of the above embodiments.
In one embodiment, the display device may be a display panel, and the display panel includes the display substrate 100 and the polarizer.
In some embodiments, a display device includes a housing and a display panel including a display substrate. The display panel is connected to the housing, for example, the display panel is embedded in the housing. The display device can be any product or component with a display function, such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a television, a notebook computer, a digital photo frame, a navigator and the like.
It is noted that in the drawings, the sizes of layers and regions may be exaggerated for clarity of illustration. Also, it will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being "on" another element or layer, it can be directly on the other element or intervening layers may also be present. In addition, it will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being "under" another element or layer, it can be directly under the other element or intervening layers or elements may also be present. In addition, it will also be understood that when a layer or element is referred to as being "between" two layers or elements, it can be the only layer between the two layers or elements, or more than one intermediate layer or element can also be present. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.
Other embodiments of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the application and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the application being indicated by the following claims.
It will be understood that the present application is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims (13)

1. A display substrate comprising a plurality of subpixels, the display substrate comprising:
the substrate layer is provided with a plurality of light inlets, and each sub-pixel corresponds to at least one light inlet;
the liquid crystal layer is positioned on the substrate layer, the liquid crystal layer is internally provided with a plurality of reflection structures which are in one-to-one correspondence with the light inlets, and the reflection structures extend obliquely to the direction back to the corresponding light inlets along the direction from bottom to top;
a cover plate positioned above the liquid crystal layer;
a light-extinction structure located between the cover plate and the substrate layer;
the polarized light emitted by the light source component can enter the liquid crystal layer through the light inlet;
the liquid crystal layer has a first state and a second state, the liquid crystal layer having a refractive index in the first state different from a refractive index in the second state; in the first state, the light entering the liquid crystal layer through the light inlet is reflected by the reflecting structure corresponding to the light inlet and then emitted from the cover plate, so that the bright state display of the display substrate is realized; in the second state, the light entering the liquid crystal layer through the light inlet cannot be emitted from the cover plate under the action of the extinction structure, and dark state display of the display substrate is realized;
the extinction structure comprises a light absorption layer and a first low-folding layer positioned above the liquid crystal layer; in the second state, the light entering the liquid crystal layer through the light inlet is reflected by the first low-refraction layer, then enters the light absorption layer and is absorbed by the light absorption layer; or the light entering the liquid crystal layer through the light inlet is reflected by the first low-refraction layer, then enters the reflection structure, is reflected by the reflection structure, enters the absorption layer again and is absorbed, or enters the first low-refraction layer again and is reflected by the first low-refraction layer, and finally enters the substrate layer through the light inlet;
or the extinction structure comprises a first low-refraction layer positioned above the liquid crystal layer, and the top of the reflection structure is abutted against the first low-refraction layer; in the second state, the light entering the liquid crystal layer through the light inlet is reflected by the first low-refraction layer, then enters the reflection structure, is reflected by the reflection structure, enters the first low-refraction layer again, is reflected by the first low-refraction layer, and enters the substrate layer through the light inlet.
2. The display substrate according to claim 1, wherein in the first state, an angle between a light entering the liquid crystal layer through the light inlet and a horizontal direction is a first angle, an angle between the reflective structure and the horizontal direction is a second angle, and the first angle and the second angle satisfy the following relation:
Figure FDA0003526573610000021
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
θ1-a first angle;
beta-second angle.
3. The display substrate of claim 2, wherein a distance between an edge of the light entrance deviating from the corresponding reflection structure and a bottom end of the reflection structure, a longitudinal height of the reflection structure, the first angle and the second angle satisfy the following relation:
Figure FDA0003526573610000022
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
l is the distance between the edge of the light inlet deviating from the corresponding reflection structure and the bottom end of the reflection structure;
h-the longitudinal height of the reflecting structure.
4. The display substrate of claim 1, wherein a support structure is disposed in the liquid crystal layer, the reflective structure is disposed on a side of the support structure near the corresponding light inlet, and the light absorbing layer is disposed on at least a top of the support structure and a side of the support structure away from the corresponding light inlet.
5. The display substrate of claim 1, wherein the light absorbing layer is located on a side of the reflection structure facing away from the corresponding light inlet, a bottom of the light absorbing layer contacts a top of the reflection structure, and the top of the light absorbing layer abuts against the first low-refraction layer.
6. The display substrate according to claim 1, wherein the light absorbing layer is located between the liquid crystal layer and the first low-refractive layer, the light absorbing layer is provided with light outlets corresponding to the plurality of reflecting structures one to one, and an orthogonal projection of the reflecting structure on the substrate layer falls within an orthogonal projection of the light outlet corresponding to the reflecting structure on the substrate.
7. The display substrate according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein in the second state, an angle between a light entering the liquid crystal layer through the light entrance and a horizontal direction is a third angle, an angle between the reflective structure and the horizontal direction is a second angle, and a distance between one side of the light entrance close to the corresponding reflective structure and a bottom end of the reflective structure, a longitudinal height of the reflective structure, the third angle, and the second angle satisfy the following relations:
d≥h*(cotθ2-cotβ)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
d is the distance between one side of the light inlet close to the corresponding reflecting structure and the bottom end of the reflecting structure;
h-the longitudinal height of the reflective structure;
θ2-a third angle;
beta-second angle.
8. The display substrate according to claim 4 or 5, wherein in the second state, an included angle between a light entering the liquid crystal layer through the light entrance and a horizontal direction is a third included angle, an included angle between the reflective structure and the horizontal direction is a second included angle, and a longitudinal height of the reflective structure, a distance between a side of the light entrance departing from the corresponding reflective structure and a bottom end of the reflective structure, a distance between a bottom of the reflective structure and the first low-refractive layer, the second included angle, and the third included angle satisfy the following relational expression:
Figure FDA0003526573610000031
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
h-the longitudinal height of the reflective structure;
h-the distance between the bottom of the reflective structure and the first lower refractive layer;
l is the distance between one side of the light inlet departing from the corresponding reflecting structure and the bottom end of the reflecting structure;
θ2-a third angle;
beta-second angle;
in the second state, the light entering the liquid crystal layer through the light inlet is reflected by the first low refractive layer, then is totally incident to the light absorption layer, and is absorbed by the light absorption layer.
9. The display substrate of claim 1, wherein the substrate layer comprises a substrate and a second low-folding layer located between the substrate and the liquid crystal layer, the light inlet is disposed on the second low-folding layer, and a filling material is disposed in the light inlet;
the refractive index of the filling material is the same as that of the substrate, and the refractive index of the second low-refraction layer is smaller than that of the substrate; and in the light rays emitted by the light source component, the light rays which do not pass through the light inlet are totally reflected in the substrate.
10. The display substrate of claim 1, wherein the light source assembly comprises a reflector, a light source, and a polarizer, wherein the reflector converts the light emitted from the light source into collimated light, and the polarizer converts the collimated light into polarized light.
11. The display substrate of claim 1, wherein the light source assembly is located at a side of the substrate layer; the light source is disposed under the reflection portion, and the polarizing plate is disposed between a side portion of the reflection portion and a side portion of the substrate layer.
12. A display substrate as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an anode located over the substrate layer and an insulating layer located between the anode and the reflective structure.
13. A display device comprising the display substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
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