CN111239851A - Northern bauxite positioning method and device - Google Patents
Northern bauxite positioning method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A northern bauxite positioning method and a northern bauxite positioning device relate to the field of metal ore and geophysical exploration and aim to solve the problem that the existing bauxite detection method is single and results in inaccurate detection results. The method comprises the following steps: determining the upper interface of the Ordovician limestone and the position of the Ordovician limestone concave bucket in the horizontal direction in a region to be estimated by using a transient electromagnetic method; determining the position of the Ordovician limestone concave bucket in the vertical direction by using a seismic prospecting method in a region to be estimated; and (3) comprehensively combining the detection data of the transient electromagnetic method and the detection data of the seismic prospecting method, and determining the position of the top surface sunken area of the Ordovician limestone in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction as the occurrence position of the bauxite. The device comprises a transient electromagnetic method detection module, a seismic exploration module and an analysis module. The invention respectively determines the uneven abnormal positions in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction by using a transient electromagnetic method and seismic exploration, comprehensively analyzes the transient electromagnetic and seismic exploration section and can finely position the bauxite.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal ore and geophysical exploration, in particular to a northern bauxite positioning method and a northern bauxite positioning device.
Background
The sedimentary bauxite in northern China is mainly distributed in a concave hopper on the contact surface of a traditional Benxi group in Ordovician limestone and a carbolite system and in a transition zone of the concave hopper and a raised area, the top of the sedimentary bauxite is the bottom of a Monte Shanxi group at the top of the bauxite, and the bottom of the sedimentary bauxite is Hanwu-Ordovician limestone with karst characteristics. Therefore, it is urgent to enhance the geological geophysical exploration and to expand the resource amount. However, most of the bauxite is in a hidden state, so that the geological prospecting work is very difficult, the bauxite exploration only mainly depends on a large amount of drilling engineering, and the bauxite exploration has the disadvantages of high cost, long period and high risk.
Currently, single methods are mainly used for detection, including CSAMT, EH4, direct current electrical method, magnetic method, induced polarization method, gravity method, and the like.
1) The CSAMT method is used for positioning the fluctuation and the burial depth of an Ordovician high-resistance limestone interface by utilizing the CSAMT method and judging the occurrence of bauxite in a region by combining the mineralization rule of the bauxite.
2) The EH4 method is to apply the adjacent point comparative trend analysis and confidence recognition denoising method and the layered function fitting flying spot elimination technology to judge the existence of the bauxite in the area according to the EH4 high-frequency earth electromagnetic sounding principle and the data processing method, and the method is effective in the area with strong interference and has practical value.
3) The gravity method exploration has good reflection on the macroscopic characteristics of the limestone top surface, but has multiple solution due to more factors causing gravity anomaly, has poor reflection on the specific characteristics of the concave hopper, is suitable for areas with simple stratums and smooth terrains, is only suitable for the work of a pre-screening stage and is not suitable for the precision screening work.
4) The direct current electrical method is often combined with a gravity method for use, the bauxite and the upper and lower surrounding rocks have electrical property difference and density difference, the bauxite is explored by the electrical method based on the electrical property difference, and the bauxite is explored by the gravity based on the density difference.
In the past exploration, the geophysical exploration method is single, and a large amount of invalid projects are caused due to improper control of ore body boundaries, so that huge waste of geological exploration funds is caused. And the single method detection has better effect in obvious target exploration, but for objects with unobvious characteristics or for some regional complex geology, the requirement of exploration is difficult to meet. Because the detection means is single, the abnormal features are difficult to extract, and the reliability is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing bauxite detection method is single, so that the detection result is not accurate enough, and provides a northern bauxite positioning method and device.
The bauxite deposit in northern China is mainly of a sedimentary weathering shell type, a sunken area on the top surface of Ordovician limestone is a favorable part for bauxite mineralization, the bauxite and upper and lower surrounding rocks have electric property difference and density difference, the transient electromagnetic exploration and observation is a secondary field, the exploration precision in the horizontal direction is improved, the seismic exploration method carries out detection based on the density difference, and compared with gravity exploration, the exploration precision is high, the longitudinal resolution capability is strong, and therefore, abundant geoelectric information can be obtained by comprehensively utilizing the transient electromagnetic method and the shallow layer seismic technology.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a bauxite locating method, the method including:
determining the upper interface of the Ordovician limestone and the position of the Ordovician limestone concave bucket in the horizontal direction in a region to be estimated by using a transient electromagnetic method;
determining the position of the Ordovician limestone concave bucket in the vertical direction by using a seismic prospecting method in a region to be estimated;
and (3) comprehensively combining the detection data of the transient electromagnetic method and the detection data of the seismic prospecting method, and determining the position of the top surface sunken area of the Ordovician limestone in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction as the occurrence position of the bauxite.
Optionally, the device for determining the upper interface of the aodoku limestone and the horizontal position of the aodoku limestone pit in the region to be estimated by using a transient electromagnetic method is a GDP-32II multifunctional electrical method workstation.
Optionally, the equipment used for determining the vertical position of the Ordovician limestone pit in the area to be estimated by using a seismic survey method is an NZ2 model 64-channel distributed digital seismograph.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a bauxite positioning apparatus, the apparatus including:
the transient electromagnetic method detection module is used for determining the upper interface of the Ordovician limestone and the position of the Ordovician limestone concave bucket in the horizontal direction in the area to be estimated by utilizing a transient electromagnetic method; and
and the seismic exploration module is used for determining the position of the Ordovician limestone concave bucket in the vertical direction in the area to be estimated by using a seismic exploration method.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:
and the analysis module is used for integrating the detection data of the transient electromagnetic method and the detection data of the seismic prospecting method and determining the position of the top surface sunken area of the Ordovician limestone in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction as the occurrence position of the bauxite.
Optionally, the transient electromagnetic detection module comprises a GDP-32II multifunctional electrical workstation.
Optionally, the seismic survey module comprises 64 distributed digital seismographs of type NZ 2.
The method and the device provided by the invention are based on the density difference characteristic and the electrical property difference composite characteristic, the transient electromagnetic method and the seismic exploration are utilized to respectively determine the uneven abnormal positions in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and the bauxite can be finely positioned by comprehensively analyzing the transient electromagnetic and seismic exploration profiles.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a northern bauxite location process in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is data measured by transient electromagnetic methods in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is data obtained from a seismic survey according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a geological interpretation result in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a north bauxite locating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the northern bauxite positioning method provided by the embodiment is based on the electrical property difference, and the bauxite is finely positioned in the horizontal direction by using a transient electromagnetic method; then, based on the density difference characteristic, performing horizontal direction fine positioning by using a seismic exploration method; and finally, comprehensively considering a transient electromagnetic method and a seismic exploration method, and delineating the beneficial part of the bauxite mineralization.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, detecting the area to be estimated by adopting a transient electromagnetic sounding method to obtain a transient electromagnetic apparent resistivity profile, estimating the transverse nonuniformity of the ore-containing area on the apparent resistivity profile by utilizing the electrical property difference between the bauxite and the surrounding rock, and defining a sunken area on the top surface of the Ordovician limestone in the horizontal direction;
s2, exploring the area to be estimated by adopting a seismic exploration method to obtain a seismic exploration profile, deducing the buried depth and fluctuation characteristics of the upper interface of the basement limestone containing the aluminiferous rock system, and delineating a recessed area of the top surface of the Ordovician limestone in the vertical direction;
step S3, integrating the transient electromagnetic section and the seismic exploration section of the area to be estimated, and determining the position of the top surface sunken area of the Ordovician limestone in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction as the bauxite occurrence position.
The method is adopted to survey certain bauxite in the Weibei region of Shanxi. The bauxite area is a typical weathering deposition type metal deposit in northern areas of China, the inner part of the bauxite area is covered by a fourth series loess layer, and the loess layer is generally dozens of meters to 200 meters thick. The ore body is present under the Ordovician limestone bucket or coal bed and buried to a depth of dozens of meters to 200 meters, but the terrain is seriously cut. The exposed stratum mainly comprises a middle Ordovician ditch group, a middle charcoalite Benxi group, an upper charcoalite Taiyuan group, a lower two-fold Tongshui group and a stone box group from bottom to top. The stratum of the mining area is mostly in a monoclinic structure, has gentle wavy flexure, is mostly broken in a normal fault, is in a northeast stepped ground cutting pattern, and has obvious brittleness characteristics, the trend is generally 30-50 degrees, the inclination angle is 70-80 degrees, and the vertical fault distance is generally less than 50 m. The ore body that has been currently investigated is often immediately adjacent to fracture output. The loess coverage of the area is more than 120 meters, and the top surface of the limestone is buried between 120 and 200 meters. The bauxite ore-bearing rock system is built by a set of argillaceous and clastic rocks, and semi-soft clay, hard clay, iron ore and pyrite are symbiotically contained in the ore-bearing rock system. The bauxite is strictly controlled in karst negative topography (namely a limestone concave hopper) formed by a deposition substrate (namely, the limestone of the central Ordovician limestone), and the fluctuation degree of the karst erosion surface of the underlying limestone of the central Ordovician limestone determines the development degree of the karst negative topography (namely, a depression and a concave hopper), thereby controlling the thickness, the grade, the ore deposit scale and the form and the like of an ore-bearing rock system (namely, the bauxite layer). The petrophysical parameters of the test section are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 survey area rock physical property parameter table
As can be seen from table 1: the bauxite has certain electrical property difference and certain density difference with the upper and lower surrounding rocks, and the bauxite can be predicted and positioned by utilizing the difference. However, the physical property characteristics of bauxite are not particularly obvious, the direct reflection on the bauxite is not obvious, and the reliability of prediction can be greatly improved by adopting a means of combining seismic exploration and electromagnetic exploration.
And carrying out transient electromagnetic measurement in the region to be estimated. Firstly, placing an ungrounded loop on the ground, sending a step current to the ungrounded loop, generating an excitation electromagnetic field by the ungrounded loop, and inducing an underground medium to generate a vortex current; the receiving probe is placed in the right center of the return wire and used for measuring an induced secondary field generated by the underground medium. The occurrence characteristics of the detection target body are estimated from the change of the induced secondary field.
And step S1, detecting the region to be estimated by adopting a transient electromagnetic sounding method.
GDP-32II multifunctional electric workstation is adopted, NT-20 type transmitter is adopted as transmitting system, TEM/3 antenna (probe) is adopted as receiving device. The working frequency is 16Hz after field test, the duty ratio of the emission waveform is 50 percent, and the working current is 4.0A. The GDP-32II instrument has the function of arithmetic equal interval intensive sampling, and electromagnetic response values at hundreds or even thousands of moments can be observed by one measuring point, so that more than the conventional method, abundant geoelectrical information can be obtained.
The working device adopts a 100-meter-200-meter large wire frame source fixing device, the observation point distance is 20 meters, and the receiving antenna moves within the middle half range in the transmission wire frame to observe point by point. The main working setting parameters are: the working frequency is 16Hz, the waveform duty ratio is 50%, the primary field attenuation is delayed for 120 microseconds, and the working current is stabilized at 4.0A. And multiple overlapping observation is adopted, the overlapping times are 256, when the human interference occurs, the overlapping times are increased to 512 or 1024, all measuring points are repeatedly observed, and the observation quality of the original data is ensured to be reliable.
Determining the apparent resistivity of the profile set point according to an apparent resistivity calculation formula of the central loop:
the apparent resistivity calculation formula of the central loop is as follows:
wherein M is source emission magnetic moment, the magnitude is the product of emission current and emission loop area, q represents effective receiving area of observation position probe, V (t) is measured secondary induction voltage value, t is observation time, mu0Is the permeability of free space.
The probe depth is calculated according to the following formula:
the calculated apparent resistivity values are plotted as contour plots with the measured point distance as the abscissa and the calculated probe depth as the ordinate, as shown in fig. 2. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the resistivity contour line of the transient electromagnetic fixed-source loop device is stable and is characterized by gradual change of the upper part and the lower part, the distance between the contour lines is basically uniform, and the macroscopic characteristics of north, shallow, south and deep are displayed and are basically consistent with the actual situation of a monoclinic stratum in the area when being compared with the known geological profile. According to the change of the sparse degree of the contour line, the contour line can be roughly divided into three electrical layers, the shallow part is low in resistance, the apparent resistivity is less than 16 omega m, and the fourth series loess layer can be reflected; the resistivity of the deep part is higher, the apparent resistivity is generally more than 30 omega.m, and the Ordovician limestone is reflected; the middle is middle resistance, the resistivity is 17-29 omega.m, and the comprehensive reflection on shale and sandstone layers is realized. However, as the earth structure changes gradually from low resistance to high resistance from shallow to deep, it is difficult to accurately divide each layer, and the transient electromagnetism is affected by the change of the terrain and the overlying strata, the electrical property is not uniform, and the isoline and the limestone interface still have large difference. The transient electromagnetic method reflects the plane position of the limestone pit, but the inversion depth of the transient electromagnetic method is a significant depth and has a larger entrance and exit with the actual depth, and the reflection of the depth is only schematic.
And S2, exploring the area to be estimated by adopting a seismic exploration method.
The method adopts an NZ2 model 64-channel distributed digital seismograph, the dynamic range is 138db, 8 acquisition stations, 3 strings of 60Hz P-wave detectors are combined and received, the matched equipment comprises a large wire, a power supply and the like, and a single-side excitation (hammering) reflection wave method is adopted, and through tests, the parameters of an observation system are selected from ① channel spacing of 5m, ② offset distance of 40 and 50m, ③ shot point spacing of 10m, and ④ receiving channel number of 32 channels.
From the detection results shown in fig. 3, it can be seen that the change range of the burial depth of the top surface of the bedrock in the section range is 20-70 m, the average layer velocity of the clay layer is 1000m/s, the average layer velocity of the refraction layer of the top surface of the bedrock is 2000m/s, and the top surface of the bedrock shows monoclinic and local fluctuation. The above analysis is substantially consistent with known geological conditions. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that large fluctuations in the top surface segments of bedrock at each profile may be due to fault effects.
On a section line, the fluctuation change of the limestone top plate is relatively large, the limestone top plate is represented as an SSE inclined single-inclined structure, the inclination angle is larger than 20 degrees, and the variation range of the elevation of the top plate is 418-656 m. The predicted thickness variation range is 0.5-2 m, and the deposition is relatively stable.
The key parameter in the deep interpretation is the speed, and the precision of the speed directly influences the precision of the interpretation result, so that the accurate determination of the speed field is particularly important. The relationship between time and depth is shown in the following table (time in ms, depth in m) based on the seismic velocity analysis and the well data.
TABLE 2 earthquake explanation comprehensive time-depth relation table
| Time of day | Depth of field | Time of day | Depth of field | Time of day | Depth of field | Time of day | Depth of field |
| 0 | 0.0 | 100 | 69.7 | 200 | 227.3 | 300 | 418.2 |
| 5 | 2.7 | 105 | 76.4 | 205 | 236.7 | 305 | 427.9 |
| 10 | 5.5 | 110 | 83.0 | 210 | 246.1 | 310 | 437.6 |
| 15 | 8.2 | 115 | 89.7 | 215 | 255.5 | 315 | 447.3 |
| 20 | 10.9 | 120 | 96.4 | 220 | 264.8 | 320 | 457.0 |
| 25 | 13.6 | 125 | 103.0 | 225 | 274.2 | 325 | 466.7 |
| 30 | 16.4 | 130 | 111.5 | 230 | 283.6 | 330 | 476.4 |
| 35 | 19.1 | 135 | 120.0 | 235 | 293.0 | 335 | 486.1 |
| 40 | 21.8 | 140 | 128.5 | 240 | 302.4 | 340 | 495.8 |
| 45 | 24.5 | 145 | 137.0 | 245 | 311.8 | 345 | 505.5 |
| 50 | 27.3 | 150 | 145.5 | 250 | 321.2 | 350 | 515.2 |
| 55 | 30.9 | 155 | 153.6 | 255 | 330.9 | 355 | 525.8 |
| 60 | 34.5 | 160 | 161.8 | 260 | 340.6 | 360 | 536.4 |
| 65 | 38.2 | 165 | 170.0 | 265 | 350.3 | 365 | 547.0 |
| 70 | 41.8 | 170 | 178.2 | 270 | 360.0 | 370 | 557.6 |
| 75 | 45.5 | 175 | 186.4 | 275 | 369.7 | 375 | 568.2 |
| 80 | 50.3 | 180 | 194.5 | 280 | 379.4 | 380 | 578.8 |
| 85 | 55.1 | 185 | 202.7 | 285 | 389.1 | 385 | 589.4 |
| 90 | 60.0 | 190 | 210.9 | 290 | 398.8 | 390 | 600.0 |
| 95 | 64.8 | 195 | 219.1 | 295 | 408.5 | 395 | 610.6 |
The seismic wave field contains a great deal of geological information, such as stratum fluctuation, lithology, rock thickness and the like, which all cause the change of the seismic wave field, and the wave field kinematic and dynamic parameters of the seismic wave, such as the propagation time, amplitude, phase, frequency and the like, are changed. Therefore, the attribute parameters of the seismic wave field are extracted, and the change information of the thickness of the ore bed can be obtained by adopting a comprehensive prediction method. According to the change characteristics and the time depth relation of the relative wave impedance of the target layer of the section, the thickness of the bauxite layer can be predicted, and the prediction result is 0.5-2 m.
And step S3, integrating the transient electromagnetic section map and the seismic exploration section map of the area to be estimated.
Determining the position of horizontal electrical property uneven distribution and low resistance abnormity on the transient electromagnetic apparent resistivity profile as the suspected position of the recessed area of the top surface of the Ordovician limestone; determining the position with uneven velocity distribution in the vertical direction and abnormal shape of a concave hopper on a section diagram obtained by an earthquake method as a suspected position of a concave area on the top surface of the Ordovician limestone; by analyzing fig. 2 and 3 in combination, the location of the bauxite ore is determined at the same time as the above phenomenon occurs, as shown in fig. 4.
The above example shows that the transient electromagnetic method combined with the shallow seismic survey method is used for exploration of the bauxite layer in the sedimentary rock region, and the method is a geophysical exploration method which is reliable and high in precision, and has the following advantages:
① can reflect the fluctuation characteristics of the top surface of the limestone to define the favorable area (concave hopper) containing ore;
② can reveal the buried depth, structural fluctuation and fracture development of the bauxite layer, and can better reflect the spreading characteristics of the bauxite layer;
③ predict the thickness of the bauxite layer.
This embodiment still provides a north bauxite positioner, the device includes:
the transient electromagnetic method detection module 1 determines geological information of a bauxite occurrence space in the horizontal direction:
carrying out transient electromagnetic detection on a region to be estimated to obtain deep electrical anomaly data, wherein because the Ordovician limestone has outstanding high-resistance characteristics compared with other lithologies and has larger electrical difference, the detected Ordovician limestone base has better physical properties, the upper interface of the Ordovician limestone can be analyzed by adopting the transient electromagnetic method, and the position of the horizontal direction of the limestone concave hopper is determined;
the seismic exploration module 2 is used for determining geological information in the vertical direction of the bauxite occurrence space:
performing seismic exploration in an area to be estimated to obtain seismic exploration data, and determining a local low-speed abnormal part as a position of a limestone concave hopper in the vertical direction of a seismic exploration profile;
and the analysis module 3 is used for integrating transient electromagnetic method detection data and seismic prospecting method detection data and determining the position of the top surface sunken area of the Ordovician limestone in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction as the occurrence position of the bauxite. The analysis module can be realized by adopting a hardware circuit and can also be realized by adopting software.
The method for positioning bauxite by adopting the northern bauxite positioning device is consistent with the northern bauxite positioning method provided by the embodiment.
Claims (7)
1. A bauxite positioning method, comprising:
determining the upper interface of the Ordovician limestone and the position of the Ordovician limestone concave bucket in the horizontal direction in a region to be estimated by using a transient electromagnetic method;
determining the position of the Ordovician limestone concave bucket in the vertical direction by using a seismic prospecting method in a region to be estimated;
and (3) comprehensively combining the detection data of the transient electromagnetic method and the detection data of the seismic prospecting method, and determining the position of the top surface sunken area of the Ordovician limestone in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction as the occurrence position of the bauxite.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device for determining the horizontal position of the upper boundary surface and the horizontal position of the Ordovician limestone pit in the region to be estimated by the transient electromagnetic method is a GDP-32II multifunctional electric method workstation.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the apparatus for determining the vertical position of the Ordovician limestone pit in the area to be estimated by seismic surveying is a model NZ2 64-channel distributed digital seismograph.
4. A bauxite positioning apparatus, comprising:
the transient electromagnetic method detection module is used for determining the upper interface of the Ordovician limestone and the position of the Ordovician limestone concave bucket in the horizontal direction in the area to be estimated by utilizing a transient electromagnetic method; and
and the seismic exploration module is used for determining the position of the Ordovician limestone concave bucket in the vertical direction in the area to be estimated by using a seismic exploration method.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising:
and the analysis module is used for integrating the detection data of the transient electromagnetic method and the detection data of the seismic prospecting method and determining the position of the top surface sunken area of the Ordovician limestone in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction as the occurrence position of the bauxite.
6. The apparatus of claim 4 or 5, wherein the transient electromagnetic detection module comprises a GDP-32II multifunctional electrical workstation.
7. The apparatus of claim 4 or claim 5, wherein the seismic survey module comprises 64 distributed digital seismographs of the NZ2 type.
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| CN113624634A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-11-09 | 北京师范大学 | Method for estimating content of metal elements in buried environment |
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