CN111239736A - Single-baseline-based surface elevation correction method, device, equipment and storage medium - Google Patents

Single-baseline-based surface elevation correction method, device, equipment and storage medium Download PDF

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CN111239736A
CN111239736A CN202010195430.9A CN202010195430A CN111239736A CN 111239736 A CN111239736 A CN 111239736A CN 202010195430 A CN202010195430 A CN 202010195430A CN 111239736 A CN111239736 A CN 111239736A
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CN111239736B (en
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付海强
刘志卫
朱建军
赵蓉
王会强
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Central South University
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    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
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Abstract

The invention discloses a single-baseline-based surface elevation correction method, a single-baseline-based surface elevation correction device, single-baseline-based surface elevation correction equipment and a single-baseline-based storage medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring two full-aperture images of a research area, and acquiring each full-aperture image by adopting a sub-aperture decomposition technology to decompose the full-aperture image into two sub-view images; preprocessing the full-aperture image and the sub-view image to obtain a corresponding interference pattern; performing terrain removing processing on the two sub-view interferograms by using DEM data, and removing flat ground and orbit error phases to obtain two sub-view differential interferograms comprising the same troposphere delay error; performing correlation analysis on high-frequency wavelet coefficients of the two sub-view differential interferograms by adopting a wavelet decomposition technology, and extracting troposphere delay error phases; and removing the obtained troposphere delay error phase from the full-aperture interferogram, and calculating according to the satellite orbit parameters to obtain earth surface elevation data. The invention can extract the troposphere delay error phase only by using two full-aperture images and obtain high-precision earth surface elevation data.

Description

Single-baseline-based surface elevation correction method, device, equipment and storage medium
Technical Field
The invention relates to application of synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) technology in large-range topographic survey, belongs to the technical field of satellite-borne synthetic aperture radar surface elevation extraction, and particularly relates to a single-baseline-based surface elevation correction method, device, equipment and storage medium.
Background
A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is an indispensable basic drawing for national economic construction, social development and national safety, and is essential basic data for infrastructure planning, design and construction, and resource investigation and development. The synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technology has the advantages of all weather, all-time, short observation period and large range, and becomes a powerful tool for acquiring the global DEM. However, when performing InSAR observation on the ground, the radar signal is affected by various factors, and this error also seriously affects the accuracy of the terrain measurement using InSAR technology. For the current common heavy-rail satellite-borne SAR system, troposphere delay error is one of the most main error sources influencing the height measurement accuracy. Therefore, in order to obtain a large-range and high-precision InSAR digital elevation model, effective estimation and removal of tropospheric delay errors contained in the interference phases are necessary.
At present, the common troposphere delay error correction method in InSAR measurement mainly comprises the following three types: 1) phase-elevation correlation analysis; 2) external water vapor data-assisted method; 3) sequential InSAR analysis. The first method generally needs to rely on certain prior information, namely, the troposphere delay error phase presents certain correlation with the ground height, and the method can only remove the troposphere delay error phase related to the terrain, and when a turbulence error irrelevant to the terrain in an interferogram is dominant, the method cannot obtain a better correction result; compared with the first method, the second method requires better space-time consistency between SAR data and external water vapor data, which limits the popularization and application of the method; unlike the first two methods, a large amount of SAR data covering the same area is required to obtain good correction results using the third method. However, in practical applications, due to the lack of external data or the small amount of SAR data, it is difficult to achieve a good tropospheric delay error correction effect with the above method.
Therefore, there is a need to devise a tropospheric delay error correction method that does not rely on external moisture assistance data or excessive SAR data.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a single-baseline-based earth surface elevation correction method, a single-baseline-based earth surface elevation correction device, single-baseline-based earth surface elevation correction equipment and a single-baseline-based earth surface elevation correction storage medium.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a single-baseline-based surface elevation correction method comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring two full-aperture SAR images of a research area, and decomposing each full-aperture SAR image into two sub-view images corresponding to azimuth incident angles by adopting a sub-aperture decomposition technology;
step 2, preprocessing the two full-aperture SAR images to obtain a full-aperture interferogram; preprocessing two sub-view images with the same azimuth incident angle to obtain a sub-view interferogram corresponding to the azimuth incident angle;
step 3, for the two sub-view interferograms, DEM data are used, a differential interference technology is adopted for terrain removing processing, then flat ground phase and orbit error phase removing processing are carried out, and two sub-view interferograms shown in the following formulas are obtained:
Figure BDA0002417446130000021
in the formula, α1And α2Representing two different azimuthal angles of incidence, phidiffIs the differential interference phase in the sub-parallax partial interference pattern, △ phitopoFor the phase of the terrain error, phiatmoFor tropospheric delay error phaseBit phinoiseIs a random noise error phase;
step 4, performing wavelet decomposition on the two sub-view differential interferograms, performing correlation analysis on the high-frequency wavelet coefficients of the two sub-view differential interferograms under each decomposition scale to obtain correlation values between the two high-frequency wavelet coefficients under the corresponding decomposition scale, and calculating to obtain wavelet coefficients related to troposphere delay error phases according to the correlation values and any one high-frequency wavelet coefficient; then, performing inverse wavelet transform on the wavelet coefficient related to the troposphere delay error phase to obtain a troposphere delay error phase;
step 5, carrying out unwrapping processing on the full-aperture interferogram, and removing the troposphere delay error phase obtained in the step 4 from the unwrapping phase of the full-aperture interferogram; and finally, calculating to obtain the earth surface elevation data according to the satellite orbit parameters and the wrapped phase of the full-aperture interference diagram with the troposphere delay error phase removed.
In a more preferred technical scheme, two DEM data obtained by different technologies are used for removing the terrain for two sub-view interferograms.
In a more preferred technical solution, the wavelet decomposition of the sub-parallax partial interference map is represented as:
Figure BDA0002417446130000022
in the formula, m and n respectively represent the number of rows and columns of the interference pattern, x and y are coordinates of pixel points in a radar coordinate system, ixAnd iyI th representing interference patterns, respectivelyxRow and ithyColumns, Φ and Ψ respectively represent the translation function and mother wavelet function of the wavelet decomposition, J represents the optimal decomposition scale, J represents different decomposition scales, v, w respectively represent the low-frequency wavelet coefficient and high-frequency wavelet coefficient, and ∈ 1,2,3 respectively corresponds to the horizontal, vertical and diagonal directions;
the correlation analysis method in the step 4 is that the high-frequency wavelet coefficient of the two sub-view difference interferograms under each decomposition scale is taken
Figure BDA0002417446130000031
And
Figure BDA0002417446130000032
the correlation value calculation is performed according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002417446130000033
high-frequency wavelet coefficient when epsilon is 1,2,3 obtained by wavelet decomposition
Figure BDA0002417446130000034
And
Figure BDA0002417446130000035
then, the correlation value f of the two sub-view differential interferograms in the decomposition scale j can be obtained by calculation of an equation set by substituting the correlation value f into the correlation calculation formulajAnd global offset coefficient cj；
Reuse of the correlation f of two sub-view differential interferograms at the decomposition scale jjAnd global offset coefficient cjCalculating a high-frequency wavelet coefficient corresponding to the troposphere delay error phase according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002417446130000036
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002417446130000037
representing a high-frequency wavelet coefficient corresponding to the troposphere delay error phase;
Figure BDA0002417446130000038
indicating an azimuthal angle of incidence of αiThe sub-parallax partial interferograms are high frequency wavelet coefficients at decomposition scale j.
In a more preferred embodiment, when the flat phase is removed, the calculation formula of the flat phase is as follows:
Figure BDA0002417446130000039
in the formula, phiflatIs the phase of the flat ground, λ is the wavelength of the radar signal, B//Is the parallel baseline length.
In a more preferred technical solution, the method for removing the track error phase comprises: and fitting the orbit error phase by using a polynomial model fused into the earth surface elevation h, resolving unknown parameters in the polynomial model by using a least square method, and then removing the orbit error phase from the unwrapping phase of the corresponding pixel point in the sub-parallax partial interferogram to obtain a new sub-parallax partial interferogram.
Finally, the track error phase phi is determinedorbitAnd removing the unwrapped phase of the corresponding pixel point in the sub-parallax partial interference pattern.
In a more preferred technical scheme, the process of decomposing the full-aperture SAR image by adopting the sub-aperture decomposition technology in the step 1 is as follows:
firstly, carrying out one-dimensional Fourier transform on a full-aperture SAR image to obtain a frequency spectrum of the SAR image in the azimuth direction;
then, dividing the frequency spectrum of the SAR image in the azimuth direction according to different azimuth direction incidence angles to obtain a frequency spectrum corresponding to the azimuth direction incidence angle;
and finally, performing inverse Fourier transform on all frequency spectrums corresponding to the azimuth incident angles to obtain images corresponding to the azimuth incident angles, namely the sub-view images corresponding to the azimuth incident angles.
In a more preferred technical solution, the preprocessing the full aperture SAR image includes: co-registering the 2 full-aperture SAR images, and then carrying out pixel-by-pixel conjugate multiplication to generate a full-aperture interferogram;
the preprocessing of the 2 sub-view images corresponding to each azimuth incident angle of the main image and the auxiliary image comprises the following steps: and carrying out pixel-by-pixel conjugate multiplication on the 2 sub-view images corresponding to the current azimuth incident angle to obtain a sub-view interference image corresponding to the current azimuth incident angle.
The invention also provides a single-baseline-based surface elevation correction device, which comprises:
a sub-aperture decomposition module to: acquiring two full-aperture SAR images, and decomposing each full-aperture SAR image into two sub-view images corresponding to azimuth incident angles by adopting a sub-aperture decomposition technology;
a data pre-processing module to: preprocessing the two full-aperture SAR images to obtain a full-aperture interferogram; preprocessing two sub-view images with the same azimuth incident angle to obtain a sub-view interferogram corresponding to the azimuth incident angle;
a differential interferometric phase modeling module to: for the two sub-view interferograms, DEM data are used, a differential interference technology is adopted for terrain removing processing, then flat ground phase and orbit error phase removing processing are carried out, and two sub-parallax partial interferograms shown in the following formulas are obtained:
Figure BDA0002417446130000041
in the formula, α1And α2Respectively representing two different azimuthal angles of incidence, phidiffIs the differential interference phase in the sub-parallax partial interference pattern, △ phitopoFor the phase of the terrain error, phiatmoFor tropospheric delay error phase, phinoiseIs a random noise error phase;
a tropospheric delay error phase extraction module for: performing wavelet decomposition on the two sub-view differential interferograms, performing correlation analysis on high-frequency wavelet coefficients of the two sub-view differential interferograms under each decomposition scale to obtain correlation values between the two high-frequency wavelet coefficients under the corresponding decomposition scale, and calculating to obtain wavelet coefficients related to troposphere delay error phases according to the correlation values and any high-frequency wavelet coefficient; then, performing inverse wavelet transform on the wavelet coefficient related to the troposphere delay error phase to obtain a troposphere delay error phase;
a surface elevation data correction module to: carrying out unwrapping processing on the full-aperture interferogram, and removing the obtained troposphere delay error phase from the unwrapping phase of the full-aperture interferogram; and finally, calculating to obtain the earth surface elevation data according to the satellite orbit parameters and the wrapped phase of the full-aperture interference diagram with the troposphere delay error phase removed.
The invention also provides an apparatus comprising a processor and a memory; wherein: the memory is to store computer instructions; the processor is configured to execute the computer instructions stored in the memory, and in particular, to perform any of the methods described above.
The present invention also provides a computer storage medium storing a program for implementing any of the above methods when executed.
Advantageous effects
The invention relates to a troposphere delay error correction method based on sub-aperture correlation analysis, which has the advantages that:
(1) the method obtains the sub-view interferograms under different azimuth incident angles based on the sub-aperture decomposition technology, extracts the same troposphere delay error phase through correlation analysis and eliminates the same troposphere delay error phase, weakens the influence of the troposphere delay error on InSAR height measurement, and improves the height measurement precision of the InSAR technology;
(2) according to the method, excessive SAR data volume is not needed, only a single base line is formed by two-scene full-aperture SAR images, and the distribution characteristics of the troposphere delay phase can be obtained through the independence of the troposphere delay error phase and the azimuth incident angle under the condition that external water vapor auxiliary data is not needed;
(3) the invention extracts the same troposphere delay error phase components from the two sub-view differential interferograms by utilizing correlation analysis, namely, the troposphere delay error phase which is aliased in the interferogram can be extracted and eliminated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a detailed flow chart of a sub-aperture correlation analysis troposphere delay error correction algorithm according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a sub-aperture decomposition of an SAR image according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows a DEM result obtained by the method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the method and steps of the present invention, the present invention is further detailed using ALOS1PALSAR radar data at 92 days between two views in the los Angeles region. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a single-baseline-based surface elevation correction method, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1, acquiring two full-aperture SAR images of a research area, and decomposing each full-aperture SAR image into two sub-view images corresponding to azimuth incident angles by adopting a sub-aperture decomposition technology, wherein the basic principle is shown in fig. 3; and each full-aperture SAR image correspondingly obtains two sub-view images which are called a front view image and a rear view image.
Two of them are full aperture SAR images: 1 full aperture SAR image is ALOS1PALSAR radar data acquired at 11 days 7 months 2010, and the image is taken as a main image in the embodiment; the other 1 full aperture SAR image is ALOS1PALSAR radar data acquired at 11/10/2010, and this embodiment uses this image as a secondary image.
The process of decomposing the full-aperture SAR image by adopting the sub-aperture decomposition technology specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, carrying out one-dimensional Fourier transform on a full-aperture SAR image to obtain a frequency spectrum of the SAR image in the azimuth direction;
then, dividing the frequency spectrum of the SAR image in the azimuth direction according to different azimuth direction incidence angles to obtain a frequency spectrum corresponding to the azimuth direction incidence angle;
and finally, performing inverse Fourier transform on all frequency spectrums corresponding to the azimuth incident angles to obtain images corresponding to the azimuth incident angles, namely the sub-view images corresponding to the azimuth incident angles.
In specific implementation, each full-aperture SAR image is decomposed into two sub-view images with different azimuth incident angles by using a sub-aperture decomposition technology, and the sub-view images with different azimuth observation angles are generated by using two band-pass filters with different azimuth incident angles.
Step 2, preprocessing the two full-aperture SAR images to obtain a full-aperture interferogram; preprocessing two sub-view images with the same azimuth incident angle to obtain a sub-view interferogram corresponding to the azimuth incident angle;
the preprocessing of the full-aperture SAR image comprises the following steps: co-registering the 2 full-aperture SAR images, and then carrying out pixel-by-pixel conjugate multiplication to generate a full-aperture interferogram;
the preprocessing of the two sub-view images of each azimuth incident angle comprises the following steps: and performing interference processing on the 2 sub-view images corresponding to the current azimuth incident angle to obtain a sub-view interference image corresponding to the current azimuth incident angle.
Step 3, for the two sub-view interferograms, DEM data are used, a differential interference technology is adopted for terrain removing processing, then flat ground phase and orbit error phase removing processing are carried out, and two sub-view interferograms shown in the following formulas are obtained:
Figure BDA0002417446130000063
in the formula, α1And α2Representing two different azimuthal angles of incidence, phidiffIs the differential interference phase in the sub-parallax partial interference pattern, △ phitopoFor the phase of the terrain error, phiatmoFor tropospheric delay error phase, phinoiseIs a random noise error phase.
Specifically, the space-borne repetitive orbit InSAR is influenced by various factors such as the atmosphere and the surface deformation when the earth observation is performed, and therefore, the InSAR interference phase appears as a superposition of various phase components.
In order to ensure the phase quality of the interferogram, the two SAR images with shorter time base lines are selected, and the surface deformation is almost zero, so that the influence of the surface deformation can be not considered; furthermore, ionospheric delays are generally of a small magnitude compared to tropospheric delays and are therefore ignoredThe effect of ionospheric delay. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention aims at InSAR terrain measurement, and under the condition of not considering the influence of surface deformation and ionospheric delay, the phase phi of the interferogram under different observation angles is measuredintCan be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002417446130000061
in the formula:
α1and α2Representing two different azimuthal angles of incidence;
φtopois the topography phase associated with the topography survey, which is related to the bare surface height h and the height △ h of the surface scattering target;
φflatfor flat phase, it can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002417446130000062
the satellite orbit parameter can be effectively removed according to the satellite orbit parameter; λ is the radar wavelength, B//Is a parallel baseline;
φorbitthe orbit error phase is caused by inaccurate orbit parameters, and is usually removed by adopting a polynomial model fitting method in the conventional InSAR processing;
φnoisefor random noise error phase, interference pattern filtering processing can be adopted to weaken the random noise error phase;
φatmoto tropospheric delay error phase, it can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002417446130000071
the main generation reason is that microwave signals are interfered by different water vapor environments in the two imaging processes, and the interfered microwave signals are reflected in an interferogram in a phase mode.
According to the analysis of the phase components in the interferogram, only tropospheric delay errors in the interferogram are difficult to effectively remove through a fixed model, and the tropospheric delay errors become a main error source of the satellite-borne heavy-rail SAR terrain measurement.
It has been shown that a change in the azimuthal incidence angle results in a change in the backscatter properties, and thus different sub-view interferograms have different interference phase centers. In addition, since sub-view images at different azimuth incident angles share approximately the same orbit parameters, the analysis of the above-described flat land phase and orbit error phase makes it possible to obtain sub-view interference phases including the same flat land phase and orbit error phase. Because the synthetic aperture time of the SAR sensor is generally short (generally several seconds), and the small beam width angle of the satellite-borne SAR sensor is considered, it can be considered that atmospheric components passed by different sub-aperture radar waves in the transmission process are approximately the same, so that different sub-aperture images contain the same troposphere delay error, and the same troposphere delay error is subjected to interference processing and then converted into the same troposphere delay error phase. Although each aperture image contains only a portion of the full aperture SAR image spectrum, it contains the same tropospheric delay error phase. This feature provides the possibility of extraction and removal of the same tropospheric delay error.
In step 3, in order to extract the same tropospheric delay error phase, it is necessary to remove the terrain phase, and the orbit error phase components corresponding to the bare terrain elevation in each sub-view interferogram.
Firstly, a differential interference technology is adopted for terrain removing processing, namely external DEM data is adopted to simulate a terrain phase, and the terrain phase is removed from an interference phase:
Figure BDA0002417446130000072
Figure BDA0002417446130000073
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002417446130000074
for the terrain phase, △ φ, simulated using external DEM data htopoThe terrain error phase, caused by inaccuracies in the external DEM data; b is⊥Representing a vertical base lineLength, λ is radar signal wavelength, R1And R2Respectively showing the distance from the antenna center of the main image and the auxiliary image to the ground target point.
Although interferograms under different azimuth observation angles correspond to different phase centers, in the process of removing terrain by differential interference, if the same external DEM data is used for removing the terrain phases in different polarization interferograms, similar terrain error phases are contained in sub-parallax partial interferograms corresponding to the sub-visual images, and the subsequent extraction of the same tropospheric delay error phase is seriously interfered. Therefore, in the embodiment, the terrain removing processing is performed on the external DEM data acquired by different technical means, the terrain phases in the corresponding sub-view interferograms are removed, and the discrimination of the two finally obtained sub-view differential interferograms can be enhanced, so that the estimation accuracy of the troposphere delay error is greatly improved.
Then, the formula of flat phase calculation is used
Figure BDA0002417446130000081
According to orbital parameters lambda, R of the satellite2、R1Calculating the flat earth phase, and further removing the flat earth phase from the sub-view interference phase:
Figure BDA0002417446130000082
and then, fitting the orbit error phase by using a polynomial model fused into the earth surface elevation h, resolving unknown parameters in the polynomial by using a least square method, and then removing the orbit error phase from the unwrapping phase of the corresponding pixel point in the sub-parallax sub-interference graph to obtain a new sub-parallax sub-interference graph.
In the present embodiment, polynomial a is used specifically0+a1x+a2y+a3h fitting orbit error phase phiorbitThe obtained orbit error phase model is as follows:
Figure BDA0002417446130000083
where x, y are the coordinates of the pixel points in the radar coordinate system, hiThe elevation of the earth's surface corresponding to the ith pixel, a1,a2,a3Is a parameter to be solved;
to accurately estimate the unknown parameter a1,a2,a3The value of (a) can be obtained by fitting the unwrapped sub-parallax partial interference phase by using the orbit error phase model, and then solving the unknown parameter a by using a least square method1,a2,a3(ii) a Then, the coordinates x, y corresponding to each pixel and the surface elevation h can be obtainediCalculating the orbit error phase phi of the orbit error by the orbit error phase modelorbit。
Further to note are: for nonlinear track error phase, the high-order polynomial can be selected to replace the polynomial a in the embodiment0+a1x+a2y+a3h are calculated.
The track error phase phiorbitAnd removing the unwrapping phase of the corresponding pixel point in the sub-parallax partial interference pattern to obtain a new sub-parallax partial interference pattern:
Figure BDA0002417446130000084
wherein phi isdiffIs the differential interference phase in the sub-parallax partial interference pattern.
Step 4, performing wavelet decomposition on the two sub-view differential interferograms, performing correlation analysis on the high-frequency wavelet coefficients of the two sub-view differential interferograms under each decomposition scale to obtain correlation values between the two high-frequency wavelet coefficients under the corresponding decomposition scale, and calculating to obtain wavelet coefficients related to troposphere delay error phases according to the correlation values and any one high-frequency wavelet coefficient; and then performing wavelet inverse transformation on the wavelet coefficient related to the troposphere delay error phase to obtain the troposphere delay error phase.
The complexity of spatially distributing tropospheric delay errors makes it difficult for us to effectively separate them by simple spatial filtering. However, different phase components in the differential interferogram appear as different wavelength components in the frequency domain, so the wavelet transform can decompose the differential interferogram into different wavelength components, allowing us to study it at different scales. Therefore, embodiments of the present invention use wavelet transforms to decompose the differential interferogram to different scales and estimate the tropospheric delay error phase at each decomposition scale.
The sub-parallax partial interference image is subjected to wavelet decomposition and expressed as:
Figure BDA0002417446130000091
in the formula, m and n respectively represent the number of rows and columns of the interference pattern, x and y are coordinates of pixel points in a radar coordinate system, ixAnd iyI th representing interference patterns, respectivelyxRow and ithyColumns, Φ and Ψ respectively represent the translation function and mother wavelet function of the wavelet decomposition, J represents the optimal decomposition scale, J represents different decomposition scales, v, w respectively represent the low-frequency wavelet coefficient and high-frequency wavelet coefficient, and ∈ 1,2,3 respectively corresponds to the horizontal, vertical and diagonal directions;
in the two sub-view differential interferograms, the tropospheric delay errors are analyzed to be in the same phase as previously described, and the tropospheric delay errors appear as long-wavelength high-frequency information in the frequency domain, so that there is a certain similarity between their high-frequency wavelet coefficients, and then the high-frequency coefficients (respectively expressed as high-frequency coefficients at each decomposition scale) of the different sub-view interferograms are analyzed
Figure BDA0002417446130000092
) The following overall correlation analysis calculations were performed, respectively:
Figure BDA0002417446130000093
high-frequency wavelet coefficient when epsilon is 1,2,3 obtained by wavelet decomposition
Figure BDA0002417446130000094
And
Figure BDA0002417446130000095
then, the correlation value f of the two sub-view differential interferograms in the decomposition scale j can be obtained by calculation of an equation set by substituting the correlation value f into the correlation calculation formulajAnd global offset coefficient cj；
Reuse of the correlation f of two sub-view differential interferograms at the decomposition scale jjAnd global offset coefficient cjCalculating a high-frequency wavelet coefficient corresponding to the troposphere delay error phase according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002417446130000096
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002417446130000097
representing a high-frequency wavelet coefficient corresponding to the troposphere delay error phase;
Figure BDA0002417446130000098
indicating an azimuthal angle of incidence of αiThe sub-parallaxes divide the high frequency wavelet coefficients of the interferogram at decomposition scale j. When the high-frequency wavelet coefficient corresponding to troposphere delay error phase is adopted, the high-frequency wavelet coefficient obtained by the sub-parallax partial interference pattern corresponding to any one of the two azimuth incident angles can be taken
Figure BDA0002417446130000101
And (6) performing calculation.
And finally, in order to extract the troposphere delay error phase contained in the sub-parallax partial interferogram, performing wavelet inverse transformation on the obtained wavelet coefficient related to the troposphere delay error phase to obtain the troposphere delay error phase contained in the full aperture interferogram phase.
Step 5, carrying out unwrapping processing on the full-aperture interferogram, and removing the troposphere delay error phase obtained in the step 4 from the unwrapping phase of the full-aperture interferogram; and finally, according to the satellite orbit parameters and the wrapped phase of the full-aperture interferogram for removing the troposphere delay error phase, calculating to obtain earth surface elevation data h according to a formula:
Figure BDA0002417446130000102
wherein θ is the antenna incident angle of each pixel of the main image, α is the base line tilt angle φ'topoThe full aperture interferogram represents the unwrapped phase of the tropospheric delay error.
In a more preferred embodiment, the method further comprises unwrapping the phase phi 'from the full aperture interferogram'topoNoise filtering to remove random noise error phase, removing random noise error phase and troposphere delay error phase from unwrapping phase of full aperture interferogram, and recording the terrain phase as phi'topoThen, the formula is used for calculating to obtain the earth surface elevation data with higher precision:
Figure BDA0002417446130000103
as shown in fig. 4, fig. 4(a) - (c) respectively show the earth surface elevation data InSAR DEM1 obtained by directly using full aperture SAR image processing (without tropospheric delay error correction), the earth surface elevation data InSAR DEM2 obtained by removing tropospheric delay error phase and then calculating, and the earth surface elevation data SRTM DEM provided by USGS; then, the SRTM DEM is used as reference data to perform qualitative analysis on the InSAR DEM1 and the InSAR DEM2 respectively, and the obtained elevation errors of the InSAR DEM1 and the InSAR DEM2 are respectively shown in fig. 4(d) and 4(e), so that the implementation method of the invention can effectively remove troposphere delay errors in InSAR topographic survey.
The invention also provides a single-baseline-based surface elevation correction device, which corresponds to the embodiment of the method and comprises the following steps:
a sub-aperture decomposition module to: acquiring two full-aperture SAR images, and decomposing each full-aperture SAR image into two sub-view images corresponding to azimuth incident angles by adopting a sub-aperture decomposition technology;
a data pre-processing module to: preprocessing the two full-aperture SAR images to obtain a full-aperture interferogram; preprocessing two sub-view images with the same azimuth incident angle to obtain a sub-view interferogram corresponding to the azimuth incident angle;
a differential interferometric phase modeling module to: for the two sub-view interferograms, DEM data are used, a differential interference technology is adopted for terrain removing processing, then flat ground phase and orbit error phase removing processing are carried out, and two sub-parallax partial interferograms shown in the following formulas are obtained:
Figure BDA0002417446130000111
in the formula, α1And α2Respectively representing two different azimuthal angles of incidence, phidiffIs the differential interference phase in the sub-parallax partial interference pattern, △ phitopoFor the phase of the terrain error, phiatmoFor tropospheric delay error phase, phinoiseIs a random noise error phase;
a tropospheric delay error phase extraction module for: performing wavelet decomposition on the two sub-view differential interferograms, performing correlation analysis on high-frequency wavelet coefficients of the two sub-view differential interferograms under each decomposition scale, and taking the high-frequency wavelet coefficients with the correlation larger than a preset threshold value as wavelet coefficients related to troposphere delay error phases; then, performing inverse wavelet transform on the wavelet coefficient related to the troposphere delay error phase to obtain a troposphere delay error phase;
a surface elevation data correction module to: removing the obtained troposphere delay error phase from the full-aperture interferogram; and finally, calculating to obtain earth surface elevation data according to the satellite orbit parameters and the full-aperture interferogram with the troposphere delay error phase removed.
The invention also provides an apparatus comprising a processor and a memory; wherein: the memory is to store computer instructions; the processor is configured to execute the computer instructions stored in the memory, and in particular, to perform the steps of the above-described method embodiments.
The present invention also provides a computer storage medium for storing a program for implementing the method of the above method embodiment when executed.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications without departing from the general concept of the present application, and such changes or modifications should fall within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A single-baseline-based surface elevation correction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, acquiring two full-aperture SAR images of a research area, and decomposing each full-aperture SAR image into two sub-view images corresponding to azimuth incident angles by adopting a sub-aperture decomposition technology;
step 2, preprocessing the two full-aperture SAR images to obtain a full-aperture interferogram; preprocessing two sub-view images with the same azimuth incident angle to obtain a sub-view interferogram corresponding to the azimuth incident angle;
step 3, for the two sub-view interferograms, DEM data are used, a differential interference technology is adopted for terrain removing processing, then flat ground phase and orbit error phase removing processing are carried out, and two sub-view interferograms shown in the following formulas are obtained:
Figure FDA0002417446120000011
in the formula, α1And α2Representing two different azimuthal angles of incidence, phidiffIs the differential interference phase in the sub-parallax partial interference pattern, △ phitopoFor the phase of the terrain error, phiatmoFor tropospheric delay error phase, phinoiseIs a random noise error phase;
step 4, performing wavelet decomposition on the two sub-view differential interferograms, performing correlation analysis on the high-frequency wavelet coefficients of the two sub-view differential interferograms under each decomposition scale to obtain correlation values between the two high-frequency wavelet coefficients under the corresponding decomposition scale, and calculating to obtain wavelet coefficients related to troposphere delay error phases according to the correlation values and any one high-frequency wavelet coefficient; then, performing inverse wavelet transform on the wavelet coefficient related to the troposphere delay error phase to obtain a troposphere delay error phase;
step 5, carrying out unwrapping processing on the full-aperture interferogram, and removing the troposphere delay error phase obtained in the step 4 from the unwrapping phase of the full-aperture interferogram; and finally, calculating to obtain the earth surface elevation data according to the satellite orbit parameters and the wrapped phase of the full-aperture interference diagram with the troposphere delay error phase removed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the two sub-view interferograms are topographically processed using two DEM data obtained from different techniques.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the wavelet decomposition of the sub-view differential interferogram is represented as:
Figure FDA0002417446120000012
in the formula, m and n respectively represent the number of rows and columns of the interference pattern, x and y are coordinates of pixel points in a radar coordinate system, ixAnd iyI th representing interference patterns, respectivelyxRow and ithyColumns, Φ and Ψ respectively represent the translation function and mother wavelet function of the wavelet decomposition, J represents the optimal decomposition scale, J represents different decomposition scales, v, w respectively represent the low-frequency wavelet coefficient and high-frequency wavelet coefficient, and ∈ 1,2,3 respectively corresponds to the horizontal, vertical and diagonal directions;
the correlation analysis method in the step 4 is that the high-frequency wavelet coefficient of the two sub-view difference interferograms under each decomposition scale is taken
Figure FDA0002417446120000021
And
Figure FDA0002417446120000022
the correlation value calculation is performed according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0002417446120000023
high-frequency wavelet coefficient when epsilon is 1,2,3 obtained by wavelet decomposition
Figure FDA0002417446120000024
And
Figure FDA0002417446120000025
then, the correlation value f of the two sub-view differential interferograms in the decomposition scale j can be obtained by calculation of an equation set by substituting the correlation value f into the correlation calculation formulajAnd global offset coefficient cj；
Reuse of the correlation f of two sub-view differential interferograms at the decomposition scale jjAnd global offset coefficient cjCalculating a high-frequency wavelet coefficient corresponding to the troposphere delay error phase according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0002417446120000026
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002417446120000027
representing a high-frequency wavelet coefficient corresponding to the troposphere delay error phase;
Figure FDA0002417446120000028
indicating an azimuthal angle of incidence of αiThe sub-parallax partial interferograms are high frequency wavelet coefficients at decomposition scale j.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein when removing the flat phase, the calculation formula of the flat phase is:
Figure FDA0002417446120000029
in the formula, phiflatIs the phase of the flat ground, λ is the wavelength of the radar signal, B//Is the parallel baseline length.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the track error phase is removed by: and fitting the orbit error phase by using a polynomial model fused into the earth surface elevation h, resolving unknown parameters in the polynomial model by using a least square method, and then removing the orbit error phase from the unwrapping phase of the corresponding pixel point in the sub-parallax partial interferogram to obtain a new sub-parallax partial interferogram.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step 1 of decomposing the full aperture SAR image by using the sub-aperture decomposition technique comprises:
firstly, carrying out one-dimensional Fourier transform on a full-aperture SAR image to obtain a frequency spectrum of the SAR image in the azimuth direction;
then, dividing the frequency spectrum of the SAR image in the azimuth direction according to different azimuth direction incidence angles to obtain a frequency spectrum corresponding to the azimuth direction incidence angle;
and finally, performing inverse Fourier transform on all frequency spectrums corresponding to the azimuth incident angles to obtain images corresponding to the azimuth incident angles, namely the sub-view images corresponding to the azimuth incident angles.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein preprocessing the full aperture SAR image comprises: co-registering the 2 full-aperture SAR images, and then carrying out pixel-by-pixel conjugate multiplication to generate a full-aperture interferogram;
the preprocessing of the 2 sub-view images corresponding to each azimuth incident angle of the main image and the auxiliary image comprises the following steps: and carrying out pixel-by-pixel conjugate multiplication on the 2 sub-view images corresponding to the current azimuth incident angle to obtain a sub-view interference image corresponding to the current azimuth incident angle.
8. A single baseline-based surface elevation correction apparatus, comprising:
a sub-aperture decomposition module to: acquiring two full-aperture SAR images, and decomposing each full-aperture SAR image into two sub-view images corresponding to azimuth incident angles by adopting a sub-aperture decomposition technology;
a data pre-processing module to: preprocessing the two full-aperture SAR images to obtain a full-aperture interferogram; preprocessing two sub-view images with the same azimuth incident angle to obtain a sub-view interferogram corresponding to the azimuth incident angle;
a differential interferometric phase modeling module to: for the two sub-view interferograms, DEM data are used, a differential interference technology is adopted for terrain removing processing, then flat ground phase and orbit error phase removing processing are carried out, and two sub-parallax partial interferograms shown in the following formulas are obtained:
Figure FDA0002417446120000031
in the formula, α1And α2Respectively representing two different azimuthal angles of incidence, phidiffIs the differential interference phase in the sub-parallax partial interference pattern, △ phitopoFor the phase of the terrain error, phiatmoFor tropospheric delay error phase, phinoiseIs a random noise error phase;
a tropospheric delay error phase extraction module for: performing wavelet decomposition on the two sub-view differential interferograms, performing correlation analysis on high-frequency wavelet coefficients of the two sub-view differential interferograms under each decomposition scale to obtain correlation values between the two high-frequency wavelet coefficients under the corresponding decomposition scale, and calculating to obtain wavelet coefficients related to troposphere delay error phases according to the correlation values and any high-frequency wavelet coefficient; then, performing inverse wavelet transform on the wavelet coefficient related to the troposphere delay error phase to obtain a troposphere delay error phase;
a surface elevation data correction module to: carrying out unwrapping processing on the full-aperture interferogram, and removing the obtained troposphere delay error phase from the unwrapping phase of the full-aperture interferogram; and finally, calculating to obtain the earth surface elevation data according to the satellite orbit parameters and the wrapped phase of the full-aperture interference diagram with the troposphere delay error phase removed.
9. An apparatus comprising a processor and a memory; wherein: the memory is to store computer instructions; the processor is configured to execute the computer instructions stored by the memory, in particular to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer storage medium storing a program which, when executed, performs the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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