CN111239399A - Test strip and method for detecting profenofos - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a test strip and a method for detecting profenofos. The test strip comprises a sample absorption pad, a conjugate release pad, a reaction membrane, a water absorption pad and a bottom plate, wherein the reaction membrane is provided with a detection line coated with a profenofos hapten-carrier protein conjugate and a quality control line coated with a goat anti-mouse anti-antibody, and the conjugate release pad is sprayed with a profenofos monoclonal antibody-colloidal gold marker. The invention also provides a method for detecting profenofos in vegetable and fruit samples by applying the test strip. The test strip provided by the invention has the advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity, high detection speed, low cost, suitability for screening large-batch samples and the like, and can meet the requirements of food supervision departments in China on-site monitoring and detection.

Description

Test strip and method for detecting profenofos

Technical Field

The invention relates to a test strip and a method for detecting profenofos, in particular to a colloidal gold test strip for detecting profenofos, which is particularly suitable for detecting profenofos residue in vegetables and fruits.

Background

Profenofos is a non-systemic broad-spectrum organophosphorus pesticide with moderate toxicity, has the effects of contact poisoning and stomach poisoning, and has good control effect on pests on crops. However, as the amount of the vegetable used increases, the pollution caused by the vegetable used cannot be ignored. Although a small amount of profenofos residue can not cause immediate and direct poison to human bodies, long-term eating of the polluted vegetables and fruits can cause diseases such as cancer, infertility, endocrine disorder and the like, and can also damage nerve centers to cause spasm and death. The national standard GB 2763 and 2019 maximum limit of pesticide residue in food safety national standard food stipulate the limit of residue of profenofos in different foods.

The currently reported methods for detecting profenofos mainly comprise instrument methods such as gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and the like. The methods are operated under laboratory conditions, the sample pretreatment is complicated and time-consuming, expensive instruments and equipment are required, the detection cost is high, the time consumption is long, the operation is complex, the method has great limitation in the practical application process, and the requirement for rapidly detecting a large number of samples and field samples is difficult to meet. Therefore, the colloidal gold test strip which is simple and rapid and is suitable for the residual profenofos in vegetables and fruits is developed, the field screening and monitoring of a large number of samples can be met, and the detection work of food supervision departments and the like in China can be better met.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a colloidal gold test strip capable of detecting profenofos residues in vegetables and fruits, and provides a detection method which is efficient, accurate, simple and convenient, and is suitable for field monitoring and large-scale sample screening.

The test strip for detecting profenofos provided by the invention comprises a sample absorption pad, a conjugate release pad, a reaction membrane, a water absorption pad and a bottom plate; the reaction membrane is provided with a detection line coated with a profenofos hapten-carrier protein conjugate and a quality control line coated with a goat anti-mouse anti-antibody; the conjugate release pad is sprayed with a profenofos monoclonal antibody-colloidal gold marker.

The profenofos monoclonal antibody is prepared by taking a profenofos hapten-carrier protein conjugate as an immunogen.

The profenofos hapten-carrier protein conjugate is obtained by coupling profenofos hapten and carrier protein, the carrier protein is bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin, hemocyanin, thyroid protein or human serum albumin, the profenofos hapten is obtained by taking trichlorothion as a starting raw material and carrying out condensation reaction with butanethiol, ethanol and 5-bromo-3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzoic acid in sequence, and the molecular structural formula is as follows:

the sample absorption pad, the conjugate release pad, the reaction membrane and the water absorption pad are sequentially adhered to the bottom plate, and the conjugate release pads 1/3-1/2 are covered under the sample absorption pad.

The bottom plate can be a PVC bottom plate or other hard non-absorbent materials; the sample absorption pad can be suction filter paper or oil filter paper; the conjugate release pad may be a glass wool or polyester material; the water absorption pad is absorbent paper; the reaction membrane can be a nitrocellulose membrane or a cellulose acetate membrane.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the test strip, which comprises the steps of:

1) preparing a conjugate release pad sprayed with a profenofos monoclonal antibody-colloidal gold marker;

2) preparing a reaction membrane with a detection line coated with a profenofos hapten-carrier protein conjugate and a quality control line coated with a goat anti-mouse anti-antibody;

3) assembling the conjugate release pad and the reaction membrane prepared in the steps 1) and 2) with a sample absorption pad, a water absorption pad and a base plate to form the test strip.

Specifically, the steps include:

1) taking trichloro-sulfur as a starting material, and sequentially carrying out condensation reaction with butanethiol, ethanol and 5-bromo-3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzoic acid to prepare profenofos hapten;

2) coupling the profenofos hapten with carrier protein to prepare a profenofos hapten-carrier protein conjugate;

3) immunizing a mouse by using the profenofos hapten-carrier protein conjugate, and fusing and screening splenocytes of the mouse and myeloma cells of the mouse to obtain a hybridoma cell strain secreting a profenofos monoclonal antibody;

4) extracting mouse IgG to immunize healthy goats to obtain goat anti-mouse anti-antibodies;

5) respectively coating the profenofos hapten-carrier protein conjugate and the goat anti-mouse anti-antibody on a detection line (T) and a quality control line (C) of a reaction membrane;

6) preparing colloidal gold by reacting trisodium citrate with chloroauric acid;

7) adding the prepared profenofos monoclonal antibody into the prepared colloidal gold to obtain a profenofos monoclonal antibody-colloidal gold marker;

8) spraying the profenofos monoclonal antibody-colloidal gold marker on a conjugate release pad, drying at 37 ℃ for 1h, taking out, and storing in a dry environment for later use;

9) soaking the sample absorption pad in 0.5% bovine serum albumin-containing phosphate buffer solution with pH of 7.2 and 0.1mol/L for 2h, and drying at 37 deg.C for 2 h;

10) a sample absorbing pad, a conjugate releasing pad, a reaction membrane and a water absorbing pad are sequentially adhered on the bottom plate, and the conjugate releasing pad is covered by the sample absorbing pad from the 1/3 area at the starting end. And finally cutting into small strips with the width of 3mm, adding a plastic box, carrying out vacuum packaging, and storing for 12 months at the temperature of 4-30 ℃.

The invention also aims to provide a method for detecting profenofos residue in vegetables and fruits by using the test strip, which comprises the following steps:

(1) pretreating a sample;

(2) detecting by using a test strip;

(3) and analyzing the detection result.

The test strip for rapidly detecting the profenofos adopts a highly specific antibody antigen reaction and an immunochromatographic analysis technology, the profenofos monoclonal antibody-colloidal gold marker is fixed on the conjugate release pad, and the profenofos in a sample is combined with the profenofos monoclonal antibody-colloidal gold marker on the conjugate release pad in the flowing process to form a drug-antibody-colloidal gold marker. The drugs in the sample compete with the profenofos hapten-carrier protein conjugate on the reaction membrane detection line to be combined with the profenofos monoclonal antibody-colloidal gold marker, and whether the liquid sample to be detected contains profenofos residue is judged according to the depth of a red strip of the detection line.

During detection, a sample is treated and then dropped into a test strip card hole, when the concentration of profenofos in the sample is lower than the detection limit or zero, the monoclonal antibody-colloidal gold marker can be combined with the profenofos hapten-carrier protein conjugate fixed on a reaction membrane in the chromatography process, a red strip is respectively formed on a detection line (T) and a quality control line (C), and the color development of the T line is deeper than that of the C line or is consistent with that of the C line; if the concentration of profenofos in the sample is equal to or above the limit of detection, the monoclonal antibody-colloidal gold label will bind to all of the profenofos, so that no red band or less coloration will appear at line T due to the competition reaction with the profenofos hapten-carrier protein conjugate. As shown in fig. 3.

Negative: when the quality control line (C) shows a red strip, the detection line (T) also shows a red strip, and the color of the line (T) is close to or deeper than that of the line (C), the line (C) is judged to be negative.

Positive: and when the quality control line (C) shows a red strip, the detection line (T) does not show color or the color of the line (T) is lighter than that of the line (C), the test line is judged to be positive.

And (4) invalidation: when the quality control line (C) does not show a red strip, the test strip is judged to be invalid whether the detection line (T) shows a red strip or not.

The test strip has the advantages of high sensitivity, strong specificity, low cost, simple operation, short detection time, suitability for various units, simple storage and long quality guarantee period. The method for detecting the profenofos residue by using the test strip is simple, convenient, rapid, visual, accurate, wide in application range, low in cost and easy to popularize and use.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of synthesis of profenofos hapten.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a test strip.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the test result of the test strip.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Example 1 preparation of test strip for detecting profenofos

The preparation method of the test strip mainly comprises the following steps:

1) preparing a conjugate release pad sprayed with a profenofos monoclonal antibody-colloidal gold marker;

2) preparing a reaction membrane with a detection line coated with a profenofos hapten-carrier protein conjugate and a quality control line coated with a goat anti-mouse anti-antibody;

3) assembling the conjugate release pad and the reaction membrane prepared in the steps 1) and 2) with a sample absorption pad, a water absorption pad and a base plate to form the test strip.

The following steps are detailed:

1. synthesis of profenofos hapten (the synthetic route is shown in figure 1)

1) Taking 1.67g of phosphorus trichloride, adding 100mL of carbon tetrachloride for dissolving, adding ice bath, cooling to 0-5 ℃, adding 1.8g of butyl mercaptan, adding 0.78g of sodium bicarbonate, continuously stirring for 2 hours, stopping reaction, adding 80mL of water at 0-5 ℃, transferring to a separating funnel, quickly shaking, standing for layering, removing a water phase, concentrating and evaporating an organic phase to dryness to obtain an intermediate 1;

2) adding 50mL of absolute ethyl alcohol at the temperature of 0-5 ℃ into the intermediate 1 for dissolving, adding 1.38g of anhydrous potassium carbonate, continuing stirring for 1h at the temperature, stopping the reaction, adding 120mL of water at the temperature of 0-5 ℃ and 150mL of trichloromethane, fully shaking, standing in a separating funnel for layering, removing a water phase, and concentrating and evaporating an organic phase to dryness to obtain an intermediate 2;

3) and adding 80mL of acetonitrile into the intermediate 2 for dissolving, adding 2.58g of 5-bromo-3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzoic acid and 1.23g of KOH, stirring for 3 hours at room temperature, stopping the reaction, performing rotary evaporation to remove the acetonitrile, adding 70mL of water, adding 100mL of ethyl acetate, performing shaking extraction, standing, removing a water phase, drying an organic phase with anhydrous sodium sulfate, performing evaporation to dryness, applying to a silica gel column, and performing elution and separation by using a mixed solvent of dichloromethane and methanol in a volume ratio of 10:1 to obtain the profenofos hapten.

2. Preparation of immunogens

Taking 17mg of profenofos hapten, adding 1mL of dioxane for dissolution, adding 13.3mg of N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 16.2mg of carbodiimide (EDC), and reacting for 3h at room temperature to obtain a hapten solution A; taking 50mg of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), and adding 0.05mol/L PB buffer solution for dissolving to obtain solution B; dripping the A solution into the B solution, reacting for 12h at 4 ℃, dialyzing and purifying for 3 days by using 0.02mol/L PBS, changing the solution 3 times every day to obtain the profenofos hapten-BSA conjugate which is the immunogen, and subpackaging and storing at-20 ℃.

3. Preparation of coating antigen

Taking 9.3mg of profenofos hapten, adding 1mL of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) for dissolving, adding 8.3mg of NHS and 10.1mg of EDC, and reacting at room temperature for 3h to obtain a hapten solution A; dissolving Ovalbumin (OVA)50mg in PB buffer solution 0.05mol/L to obtain solution B; dripping the A solution into the B solution, reacting at 4 deg.C for 12h, dialyzing and purifying with 0.02mol/L PBS for 3 days, changing solution 3 times per day to obtain profenofos hapten-OVA conjugate, i.e. coating antigen, packaging, and storing at-20 deg.C.

4. Preparation of profenofos monoclonal antibody

(1) Animal immunization

Injecting the immunogen obtained in the step 2 into Balb/c mice at an immune dose of 150 mug/mouse to generate antiserum.

(2) Cell fusion and cloning

Taking immune Balb/c mouse spleen cells, fusing the immune Balb/c mouse spleen cells with SP2/0 myeloma cells according to the proportion of 8:1 (quantitative ratio), measuring cell supernatant by adopting indirect competitive ELISA, and screening positive holes. Cloning the positive hole by using a limiting dilution method until obtaining the hybridoma cell strain which stably secretes the monoclonal antibody.

(3) Cell cryopreservation and recovery

Making hybridoma cell into 1 × 10 with frozen stock solution⁶Cell suspension per mL, preserved for long period in liquid nitrogen. Taking out the frozen tube during recovery, immediately putting the tube into a water bath at 37 ℃ for fast melting, centrifuging to remove frozen liquid, and transferring the tube into a culture bottle for culture.

(4) Preparation and purification of monoclonal antibodies

An incremental culture method: placing the hybridoma cell in cell culture medium, culturing at 37 deg.C, purifying the obtained culture solution by octanoic acid-saturated ammonium sulfate method to obtain monoclonal antibody, and storing at-20 deg.C.

The cell culture medium is prepared by adding calf serum and sodium bicarbonate into RPMI1640 culture medium to make the final concentration of calf serum in the cell culture medium 20% (mass fraction) and the final concentration of sodium bicarbonate in the cell culture medium 0.2% (mass fraction); the pH of the cell culture medium was 7.4.

5. Preparation of goat anti-mouse anti-antibody

The sheep is taken as an immune animal, and the pathogen-free sheep is immunized by taking the murine antibody as an immunogen to obtain the goat anti-mouse antibody.

6. Preparation of profenofos monoclonal antibody-colloidal gold marker

(1) Preparation of colloidal gold

Diluting 1% chloroauric acid to 0.01% (mass fraction) with double distilled deionized water, placing 100mL into a conical flask, heating to boil with a constant temperature electromagnetic stirrer, adding 2.5mL of 1% trisodium citrate under continuous stirring at high temperature, stirring at constant speed, heating until the solution is bright red, cooling to room temperature, recovering the volume with deionized water, and storing at 4 deg.C. The prepared colloidal gold has pure appearance, is transparent and bright, has no sediment or floating objects, and is wine red when observed in sunlight.

(2) Preparation of profenofos monoclonal antibody-colloidal gold marker

Under magnetic stirring, adjusting the pH value of the colloidal gold to 7.2 by using 0.2mol/L potassium carbonate solution, adding the profenofos monoclonal antibody into the colloidal gold solution according to the standard that 20-50 mu g of antibody is added into each milliliter of the colloidal gold solution, and continuously stirring and uniformly mixing for 30 min; after standing for 10min, 10% BSA was added to make the final concentration of the solution in colloidal gold 1%, and the solution was allowed to stand for 10 min. Centrifuging at 12000r/min at 4 deg.C for 40min, discarding supernatant, washing the precipitate with redissolving buffer twice, resuspending the precipitate with redissolving buffer whose volume is 1/10 of the original volume of colloidal gold, and standing at 4 deg.C for use.

Redissolving buffer solution: 0.1 to 0.3 percent of BSA, 0.05 to 0.2 percent of Tween-80 and 0.02mol/L of phosphate buffer solution with pH of 7.2.

7. Preparation of conjugate Release pad

The conjugate release pad was soaked in 0.5% BSA, pH 7.2, 0.5mol/L phosphate buffer, soaked for 1h, and baked at 37 deg.C for 3 h. The prepared profenofos monoclonal antibody-colloidal gold marker is evenly sprayed on a conjugate release pad by an Isoflow film spraying instrument, 0.01mL of the profenofos monoclonal antibody-colloidal gold marker is sprayed on each 1cm of the conjugate release pad, the conjugate release pad is placed in an environment at 37 ℃ (the humidity is less than 20%) for 60min, and then the conjugate release pad is taken out and placed in a dry environment (the humidity is less than 20%) for storage.

8. Preparation of sample absorbent pad

The sample absorption pad is soaked in 0.5 percent bovine serum albumin-containing phosphate buffer solution with the pH value of 7.2 and the mol/L of 0.1 for 2 hours, and is dried for 2 hours at the temperature of 37 ℃ for standby.

9. Preparation of the reaction film

Coating the profenofos hapten-ovalbumin conjugate on a reaction membrane to form a detection line, and coating the goat anti-mouse anti-antibody on the reaction membrane to form a quality control line.

Coating process: diluting the profenofos hapten-ovalbumin conjugate to 1mg/mL by using a phosphate buffer solution, and coating the profenofos hapten-ovalbumin conjugate on a detection line (T line) on a nitrocellulose membrane by using an Isoflow point membrane instrument, wherein the coating amount is 1.0 mu L/cm; the goat anti-mouse anti-antibody was diluted to 200. mu.g/mL with 0.01mol/L, pH7.4 phosphate buffer, and coated on a quality control line (C line) on a nitrocellulose membrane in an amount of 1.0. mu.L/cm using an Isoflow dot-membrane apparatus. And (3) drying the coated reaction membrane for 2 hours at 37 ℃ for later use.

10. Assembly of test strips

According to the section structure of the test strip shown in the attached figure 2, a sample absorption pad (1), a conjugate release pad (2), a reaction membrane (3) and a water absorption pad (4) are sequentially adhered to a PVC bottom plate (7); the binder release pad is covered by the sample absorption pad from the 1/3 area at the starting end, the tail end of the binder release pad is connected with the starting end of the reaction film, the tail end of the reaction film is connected with the starting end of the water absorption pad, the starting end of the sample absorption pad is aligned with the starting end of the PVC base plate, and the tail end of the water absorption pad is aligned with the tail end of the PVC base plate; the reaction membrane is provided with a detection line (5) and a quality control line (6), and the detection line (T line) and the quality control line (C line) are strip-shaped strips which are vertical to the long phase of the test strip; the detection line is located on the side near the end of the conjugate release pad; the quality control line is positioned on the side away from the end of the conjugate release pad; cutting the test strip into small strips with the width of 3mm by a machine, putting the small strips into a special plastic card, and storing the small strips in an environment with the temperature of 4-30 ℃ for 12 months.

Example 2 detection of profenofos in vegetables and fruits

1. Sample pretreatment

Before detection, the sample is subjected to desliming and then is cut into fragments smaller than 1cm or small finely-crushed dices; weighing (1.00 +/-0.05) g of the sheared sample into a 10mL polystyrene centrifuge tube, adding 6mL of phosphate buffer solution, covering the polystyrene centrifuge tube, manually oscillating for 30s, standing for 1min, and taking supernatant as sample solution to be detected.

2. Detection with test strips

Sucking 80 mu L of sample liquid to be detected by a micropipette and vertically dripping the sample liquid into the sample adding hole; the liquid flow was started, the reaction was carried out for 10min, and the results were judged.

3. Analyzing the results of the detection

Negative (-): the color development of the T line is darker than that of the C line or is consistent with that of the C line, which indicates that the concentration of profenofos in the sample is lower than the detection limit, as shown in FIGS. 3a and 3 b.

Positive (+): the color development of the T line is lighter than that of the C line or the T line is not developed, which indicates that the concentration of profenofos in the sample is equal to or higher than the detection limit, as shown in FIGS. 3C and 3d.

And (4) invalidation: the absence of line C indicates an incorrect procedure or the test strip has deteriorated and failed, as shown in FIGS. 3e and 3 f.

Example 3 sample testing example

1. Limit of detection test

Taking samples of blank cauliflower, cabbage mustard, radish leaves, common Chinese cabbage and orange, respectively adding profenofos to the samples until the final concentrations are 0.05mg/kg, 0.1mg/kg and 0.2mg/kg, taking test strips for detection, and repeatedly measuring each sample for three times.

When the test strip is used for detecting samples of cauliflower, cabbage mustard, radish leaves, common Chinese cabbage and oranges, when profenofos is not contained in the samples and the adding concentration of the profenofos is 0.05mg/kg, the test strip shows that the T line color development is darker than or consistent with the C line color development and is negative; when the addition concentration of the profenofos is 0.1mg/kg and 0.2mg/kg, the test strip shows that the color development of the T line is lighter than that of the C line or the T line is not developed and is positive, which indicates that the detection limit of the test strip on the profenofos in vegetables and fruits is 0.1 mg/kg.

2. Test for false positive and false negative rates

Taking blank cauliflower, cabbage mustard, radish leaf, common cabbage and orange samples and 20 parts of positive cauliflower, cabbage mustard, radish leaf, common cabbage and orange samples which are added with profenofos to the final concentration of 0.1mg/kg, respectively detecting by using test strips produced in 3 batches, and calculating the negative and positive rates of the positive samples.

The results show that: when 3 batches of test strips are used for detecting positive samples, the results are all positive, the positive coincidence rate is 100 percent, and the false negative rate is 0; when negative samples are detected, the results are all negative, and the negative coincidence rate is 100 percent and the false positive rate is 0. The test strip for detecting the profenofos can be used for quickly detecting the profenofos residue in the vegetable and fruit samples.

3. Specificity test

When the test strip is used for detecting 1000 mu g/kg of parathion, omethoate, diazinon, phoxim, quinalphos, triazophos, methamidophos, isocarbophos, dimethoate, methyl parathion, phenthoate, malathion and other organic phosphorus pesticides, the test strip shows that the T line color development is darker than or consistent with the C line color development and is negative, which indicates that the test strip has no cross reaction to the drugs.

Claims (5)

1. A test strip for detecting profenofos comprises a sample absorption pad, a conjugate release pad, a reaction membrane, a water absorption pad and a bottom plate, wherein the reaction membrane is provided with a detection line coated with a profenofos hapten-carrier protein conjugate and a quality control line coated with a goat anti-mouse anti-antibody, and a profenofos monoclonal antibody-colloidal gold marker is sprayed on the conjugate release pad; the profenofos monoclonal antibody is prepared by taking a profenofos hapten-carrier protein conjugate as an immunogen; the profenofos hapten-carrier protein conjugate is obtained by coupling profenofos hapten and carrier protein, wherein the carrier protein is bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin, hemocyanin, thyroid protein or human serum albumin, and is characterized in that the profenofos hapten is obtained by taking trichlorothion as a starting raw material and carrying out condensation reaction with butanethiol, ethanol and 5-bromo-3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzoic acid in sequence, and the molecular structural formula is as follows:

2. the strip of claim 1, wherein the sample absorbing pad, the conjugate releasing pad, the reaction membrane, and the absorbent pad are sequentially attached to the base plate.

3. The strip of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the conjugate release pad 1/3-1/2 is covered under a sample absorbing pad.

4. A method of making the test strip of any one of claims 1-3, comprising the steps of:

1) preparing a conjugate release pad sprayed with a profenofos monoclonal antibody-colloidal gold marker;

2) preparing a reaction membrane with a detection line coated with a profenofos hapten-carrier protein conjugate and a quality control line coated with a goat anti-mouse anti-antibody;

3) assembling the conjugate release pad and the reaction membrane prepared in the steps 1) and 2) with a sample absorption pad, a water absorption pad and a base plate to form the test strip.

5. A method for detecting profenofos residue in vegetable and fruit samples comprises the following steps:

1) pretreating a sample;

2) performing a test using the test strip of any one of claims 1-3;

3) and analyzing the detection result.

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