CN111238665A - Frequency resolution optical switching method measuring instrument for large chirp ultrashort laser pulse - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a frequency resolution optical switching method measuring instrument aiming at large-chirp ultrashort laser pulses, which comprises a precompressor, a frequency resolution optical switching device and an electric control system, wherein the precompressor is used for generating a frequency resolution optical switching signal; the pre-compressor comprises a grating pair, a first right-angle reflector and a plane reflector, and the grating position adjusting device is connected with a displacement sensor to change and read the position of the grating pair; the frequency resolution optical switch device comprises a beam splitter, a second right-angle reflector, a third right-angle reflector, a delay line control motor, a focusing lens, a secondary frequency doubling crystal, a small-hole diaphragm and a spectrometer; the third right-angle reflector and the delay line control motor form an electric control delay line; the electric control system comprises a scanning controller and a computer; the scanning controller controls delay line scanning and spectrum acquisition; and after the acquisition is finished, transmitting the signal to a computer, and restoring the pulse time domain electric field by the computer by using an iterative algorithm to obtain a pulse electric field measurement result. The invention reduces the processing delay of the computer and improves the scanning speed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a laser pulse measuring system, in particular to an ultrashort laser pulse measuring system.
Background
Chirped laser pulses are a common form of ultrashort laser pulses. In femtosecond laser amplification systems (e.g., chirped pulse amplifiers, nonlinear pulse amplifiers, self-similar pulse amplifiers, etc.), the laser pulses are all present with a positive chirp. Therefore, the measurement of the electric field with the positively chirped pulse has important value on the design, installation and debugging of the ultrashort pulse laser system.
Frequency-resolved optical switching (FROG) was proposed by Trebino et al in 1993 and is one of the currently used ultra-short pulse electric field measurement techniques. The basic principle is that after an input pulse is divided into two paths, a certain delay is applied to one path of pulse, then the two paths of pulses are subjected to a certain nonlinear interaction process, and a spectrometer detects signals generated by the nonlinear interaction. And obtaining signal spectrums under different delays by changing the delays, and finally restoring the time domain electric field information of the pulse by using a computer. FROG devices come in a variety of forms depending on the nonlinear process used. The most commonly used SHG-FROG device utilizes two paths of pulse sum frequency optical signals generated by the secondary frequency doubling crystal as measurement signals, and has the remarkable advantage of high sensitivity. The time domain electric field and the phase of the ultrashort pulse can be restored by utilizing the FROG technology, and complete pulse shape information can be obtained.
For FROG, when the time-bandwidth product of the pulse is large, the number of time-domain scanning points needs to be increased to extend the scanning delay time range, and the spectral resolution can be improved while the spectral measurement range is wide. However, for the frequency-resolved optical switch measuring device, the spectral resolution cannot be infinitely improved, and increasing the number of time-domain scanning points also means that a longer time is required to complete scanning and electric field restoration.
While a pulse with a large positive chirp is one with a large time-bandwidth product and a low peak power. The time bandwidth product can reach dozens of times of that of the common ultrashort pulse. For pulses with low peak power, if the measurement is performed with a common frequency-resolved optical switching device, the resulting signal is weak and difficult to detect with a detector. Meanwhile, because the chirp pulse has a large time-bandwidth product, the requirements on the resolution of the spectrometer and the number of scanning points during scanning are high, which means high equipment and time costs. Therefore, it is not economical or even feasible to measure large chirped pulses directly with a common frequency-resolved optical switching device.
The conventional method has significant difficulty in measuring large chirp and giant chirp pulses, and the electric field measurement of the chirp pulses has a large practical demand. Therefore, an efficient method for measuring the electric field of large chirped, giant chirped pulses is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the existing frequency resolution optical switch technology has high requirements on the resolution of a spectrometer and a plurality of sampling points when measuring the large chirp pulse, so that the cost of measuring equipment is high and the measuring speed is low; and the problems of low pulse peak power, weak generated correlation signal, difficult detection and even no detection are solved. The invention provides a frequency resolution optical switching method measuring instrument for large-chirp ultrashort laser pulses.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a frequency-resolved optical switching method measuring instrument for large-chirp ultrashort laser pulses, which comprises a precompressor, a frequency-resolved optical switching device and an electric control system, wherein the precompressor is used for generating a frequency-resolved optical switching signal; the pre-compressor comprises a grating pair, a first right-angle reflector and a plane mirror, wherein the grating pair consists of a fixed position grating and an adjustable position grating; the adjustable position grating is arranged on the grating position adjusting device, the grating position adjusting device is provided with a fine adjustment screw rod, and the position of the adjustable position grating is manually changed through the fine adjustment screw rod; the grating position adjusting device is connected with a displacement sensor, and the position of the grating pair is read through the displacement sensor; the frequency resolution optical switch device comprises a beam splitter, a second right-angle reflector, a third right-angle reflector, a delay line control motor, a focusing lens, a secondary frequency doubling crystal, an aperture diaphragm and a spectrometer; the third right-angle reflector and the delay line control motor form an electric control delay line; the electric control system comprises a scanning controller and a computer; controlling delay line scanning and spectrum acquisition by the scan controller; and after the acquisition is finished, transmitting the signal to a computer, and restoring the pulse time domain electric field by the computer by using an iterative algorithm to obtain a pulse electric field measurement result.
Furthermore, the frequency-resolved optical switching method measuring instrument for the large-chirp ultrashort laser pulse, provided by the invention, is characterized in that the displacement sensor connected with the grating position adjusting device adopts an absolute grating displacement sensor to measure the position of the position-adjustable grating.
The delay line control motor adopts a piezoelectric motor.
The beam splitter adopts a film beam splitter.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a method for measuring by using the frequency resolution optical switching method measuring instrument, which comprises the following steps:
the pulse with positive chirp enters a precompressor to obtain a compressed light pulse;
the compressed light pulse enters the frequency resolution optical switch device after being reflected by the plane mirror, a sum frequency optical signal and a frequency doubling optical signal are generated by a secondary nonlinear effect, and the sum frequency optical signal enters the spectrometer after passing through the aperture diaphragm;
the scanning controller controls delay line scanning and spectrum collection, the spectrometer receives and measures the spectrum of the delay line scanning and spectrum collection, the spectrum data are transmitted to the scanning controller, the scanning controller transmits the scanning result to the computer, and the computer restores the pulse time domain electric field by using an iterative algorithm to finally obtain the pulse electric field measurement result.
The process of obtaining the compressed light pulse is as follows: the pulse with positive chirp enters the precompressor, and the propagation of the pulsed light signal is: firstly, entering a grating with a fixed position to generate angular dispersion; then, the light beam enters an adjustable position grating to be changed into parallel light again; then, the light enters a first right-angle reflector vertical to the parallel light, and is reflected by two reflecting surfaces in the first right-angle reflector, so that the light is raised to be in the same plane as the plane reflector; and then sequentially passing through the adjustable position grating and the fixed position grating to obtain the compressed light pulse.
The process of the sum-frequency optical signal entering the spectrometer is as follows; the compressed light pulse enters the frequency resolution optical switch device after being reflected by the plane mirror; the pulse is divided into two paths of pulses through a beam splitter, the two paths of pulses respectively enter a second right-angle reflector and a third right-angle reflector which are horizontally arranged, then the two paths of pulses return to the beam splitter through the second right-angle reflector and the third right-angle reflector, the propagation directions of the two paths of pulses returning to the beam splitter are the same, but the positions of the two paths of pulses coincide, a delay line control motor drives the third right-angle reflector to move back and forth, the time difference of the two paths of pulses entering a secondary frequency doubling crystal is changed by changing the length of the delay line, the returned two paths of pulses are focused on the secondary frequency doubling crystal through a focusing lens, after the pulses pass through the secondary frequency doubling crystal, a secondary nonlinear effect generates a sum frequency light signal and a frequency doubling light signal, and the sum frequency light signal enters the spectrometer.
When the frequency resolution optical switching method for the large-chirp ultrashort laser pulse is used for measurement, firstly, an operator sets scanning parameters; after scanning is started, the scanning controller sends a movement instruction to the delay line control motor to enable the delay line control motor to move to a scanning initial position; then the scanning controller sends an exposure instruction to the spectrometer, and after exposure is completed, the scanning controller reads spectral data from the spectrometer; then the scanning controller sends an instruction to the delay line control motor to enable the delay line control motor to move to the next position;
repeating the above process, and changing the dispersion amount introduced by the precompressor by changing the position of the adjustable position grating until the scanning of all delay points is completed; and finally, uploading the obtained scanning data to a computer for processing and resolving.
The invention relates to a frequency resolution optical switching method measurement method for large-chirp ultrashort laser pulses, wherein a calibration method for calculating the dispersion introduced by a precompressor according to the position of an adjustable position grating comprises the following steps: firstly, removing the plane reflector, and directly inputting a pulse into a frequency resolution optical switch device to restore the pulse spectral intensity and phase; measuring the same pulse after passing through the precompressor; and calculating the change of the dispersion introduced by the measured pulse, thereby determining the corresponding relation between the absolute distance between the adjustable position grating and the fixed position grating and the measuring position of the displacement sensor.
The invention relates to a frequency resolution optical switching method measurement method aiming at large-chirp ultrashort laser pulses, wherein the position of an adjustable position grating is read through a displacement sensor connected with a grating position adjusting device, and a computer calculates the dispersion introduced by a precompressor; and transforming the electric field obtained by resolving in a frequency domain to obtain a signal electric field before compression, namely a pulse electric field measurement result.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the large chirp pulse has the characteristics of wide spectrum, wide pulse width and low peak power. When the traditional FROG device measures large chirp pulses, the measurement time is long; and the generated nonlinear signal is weak, the signal-to-noise ratio is low, and the measurement error is large.
The invention changes the large chirp pulse with wide spectrum, wide pulse width and low peak power into the near-zero chirp pulse with wide spectrum, narrow pulse width and high peak power by increasing the design of the precompressor, thereby being more suitable for the measurement requirements of the FROG system. Therefore, the problems of long measurement time and large measurement error of the FROG system when measuring the large chirp pulse are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a frequency-resolved optical switching-method measuring apparatus according to the present invention.
In the figure:
1-fixed position grating 2-adjustable position grating 3-grating position adjusting device and position sensor
4-first corner cube reflector 5-plane mirror 6-beam splitter
7-second right-angle reflector 8-third right-angle reflector 9-delay line control motor
10-focusing lens 11-secondary frequency doubling crystal 12-aperture diaphragm
13-spectrometer 14-scan controller 15-computer.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
The method solves the problems that when the traditional FROG method is used for measuring the large chirp pulse, the measuring time is long, the generated signal is weak and is difficult to detect, and the requirement on the resolution ratio of a spectrum detection device is high. Therefore, the invention provides that the grating pair is utilized to compress the pulse with larger positive chirp to be near the conversion limit to obtain the pulse with small chirp or no chirp, and then the frequency resolution optical switch method is adopted to accurately measure and restore the pulse. And finally, the electric field structure of the large chirp pulse before compression can be reversely calculated by using the structural parameters of the grating compressor. Therefore, the actual requirement of accurately measuring the large chirp pulse electric field can be met.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a frequency-resolved optical switching method measuring apparatus for large-chirp ultrashort laser pulses, which includes a precompressor, a frequency-resolved optical switching device, and an electric control system.
The pre-compressor comprises a grating pair, a first right-angle reflector 4 and a plane mirror 5, wherein the grating pair consists of a fixed position grating 1 and an adjustable position grating 2; the adjustable position grating 2 is arranged on a grating position adjusting device, the grating position adjusting device is provided with a fine adjustment screw rod, the position of the adjustable position grating 2 is manually changed through the fine adjustment screw rod, the grating pair is used for compressing pulses, reducing pulse chirp, and improving pulse peak power to enable the pulses to be measured more easily; the grating position adjusting device is connected with a displacement sensor, the displacement sensor adopts an absolute type grating displacement sensor with the advantage of high measurement precision, and the distance between the grating pairs is measured by reading the position of the adjustable position grating 2 through the displacement sensor.
The frequency resolution optical switch device comprises a beam splitter 6, a second right-angle reflector 7, a third right-angle reflector 8, a delay line control motor 8, a focusing lens 10, a secondary frequency doubling crystal 11, an aperture diaphragm 12 and a spectrometer 13; the third right-angle reflector 8 and the delay line control motor 9 form an electric control delay line, and the time difference of two paths of pulses entering the secondary frequency doubling crystal 11 can be changed by changing the length of the delay line. Wherein, the beam splitter 6 adopts a film beam splitter which has the advantage of small dispersion; the delay line control motor 9 adopts a piezoelectric motor, and the piezoelectric motor has the advantages of high motion precision and long displacement stroke.
The electronic control system comprises a scanning controller 14 and a computer 15; the scanning controller 14 controls the motion of the delay line motor, i.e. controls the delay line scanning, and controls the exposure of the spectrometer and acquires data; after the acquisition is completed, the signal is transmitted to the computer 15, and the computer 15 restores the pulsed time domain electric field by using an iterative algorithm to obtain a pulsed electric field measurement result. In the present invention, the use of the scan controller 14 for control reduces computer processing delay and increases scanning speed as compared to conventional systems.
The measurement by using the frequency-resolved optical switching method measuring instrument comprises the following steps:
firstly, a pulse with positive chirp enters a precompressor, and the propagation of the pulse optical signal is as follows: firstly, entering a fixed position grating 1 to generate angular dispersion; then enters the adjustable position grating 2 to change the light beam into parallel light again; then enters a first right-angle reflector 4 perpendicular to the parallel light, and after being reflected by two reflecting surfaces in the first right-angle reflector 4, the light is raised to be in the same plane with the plane reflector 5; and then sequentially passing through the adjustable position grating 2 and the fixed position grating 1 to obtain the compressed light pulse. In the above process, the optical paths traveled by the components of different frequencies in the pulse are different, and thus time dispersion occurs. For positively chirped pulses, the long wavelength component of the pulse front edge experiences a long optical path length, and the short wavelength component of the pulse back edge experiences a short optical path length, thus narrowing the pulse. The amount of dispersion introduced by the precompressor can be varied by adjusting the spacing between the grating pairs. The calibration method for calculating the dispersion introduced by the precompressor according to the position of the position-adjustable grating 2 comprises the following steps: firstly, removing the plane reflector 5, and directly inputting a pulse into a frequency resolution optical switch device to restore the pulse spectral intensity and phase; measuring the same pulse after passing through the precompressor; and calculating the change of the dispersion introduced by the measured pulse, thereby determining the corresponding relation between the absolute distance between the adjustable position grating 2 and the fixed position grating 1 and the measuring position of the displacement sensor.
Secondly, the compressed light pulse is reflected by the plane mirror 5 and then enters the frequency resolution optical switch device; the two pulses are divided into two paths of pulses through a beam splitter 6, the two paths of pulses respectively enter a second right-angle reflector 7 and a third right-angle reflector 8 which are horizontally arranged, then the two paths of pulses return to the beam splitter 6 through the second right-angle reflector 7 and the third right-angle reflector 8, the propagation directions are the same, but the positions are overlapped, in the meantime, a delay line control motor 9 drives the third right-angle reflector 8 to move back and forth, the time difference of the two paths of pulses entering the secondary frequency doubling crystal 11 is changed by changing the length of the delay line, the returned two paths of pulses are focused on the secondary frequency doubling crystal 11 through a focusing lens 10, after the pulses pass through the secondary frequency doubling crystal 11, a sum frequency light signal and a frequency doubling light signal are generated by a secondary nonlinear effect, a pinhole diaphragm 12 blocks a fundamental frequency signal and the frequency doubling light signal, the sum frequency light signal is allowed to pass through a pinhole diaphragm 12, and then the sum frequency light signal enters, which is received by the spectrometer 13 and its spectrum is measured.
And step three, the scanning controller 14 controls delay line scanning and spectrum collection, the spectrometer 13 receives and measures the spectrum of the delay line, the spectrum data is transmitted to the scanning controller 14, the scanning controller 14 transmits the scanning result to the computer 15, and the computer 15 restores the time domain electric field of the pulse by using an iterative algorithm to finally obtain the pulse electric field measurement result.
When measuring, firstly, the operator sets scanning parameters; after the scanning is started, the scanning controller 14 sends a movement instruction to the delay line control motor 9 to enable the delay line control motor 9 to move to the scanning initial position; then the scanning controller 14 sends an exposure instruction to the spectrometer 13, and after exposure is completed, the scanning controller 14 reads spectral data from the spectrometer 13; then the scanning controller 14 sends out an instruction to the delay line control motor 9 to make the delay line control motor 9 move to the next position; repeating the above processes to alternately perform motion control and spectrum scanning, and changing the dispersion introduced by the pre-compressor by changing the position of the adjustable position grating 2 until the scanning of all delay points is completed; the acquired scan data is finally uploaded to a computer 15 for processing and calculation, and the result obtained by the calculation is the pulsed electric field output by the precompressor. The position of the grating 2 with the adjustable position is read by the grating position adjusting device and the position sensor 3, the computer 15 can calculate the dispersion amount introduced by the precompressor, calculate the dispersion of each order generated by the shaper, and adjust the phase of the frequency domain reduction result by the dispersion parameter, so that the time domain electric field of the chirped pulse before compression and shaping can be obtained, namely the time domain electric field measurement of the large chirped laser pulse input into the system is completed.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are illustrative only and not restrictive, and various modifications which do not depart from the spirit of the present invention and which are intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A frequency resolution optical switching method measuring instrument aiming at large chirp ultrashort laser pulse is characterized by comprising a precompressor, a frequency resolution optical switching device and an electric control system;
the precompressor comprises a grating pair, a first right-angle reflector (4) and a plane mirror (5), wherein the grating pair consists of a fixed-position grating (1) and an adjustable-position grating (2); the adjustable position grating (2) is arranged on a grating position adjusting device, the grating position adjusting device is provided with a fine adjustment screw rod, and the position of the adjustable position grating (2) is manually changed through the fine adjustment screw rod; the grating position adjusting device is connected with a displacement sensor, and the position of the grating pair is read through the displacement sensor;
the frequency resolution optical switch device comprises a beam splitter (6), a second right-angle reflector (7), a third right-angle reflector (8), a delay line control motor (8), a focusing lens (10), a secondary frequency doubling crystal (11), an aperture diaphragm (12) and a spectrometer (13); the third right-angle reflector (8) and the delay line control motor (9) form an electric control delay line;
the electronic control system comprises a scanning controller (14) and a computer (15); controlling delay line scanning and spectrum acquisition by the scan controller (14); and after the acquisition is finished, transmitting the signal to a computer (15), and restoring the pulse time domain electric field by the computer (15) by using an iterative algorithm to obtain a pulse electric field measurement result.
2. The frequency-resolved optical switching measurement instrument for highly chirped ultrashort laser pulses according to claim 1, characterized in that the displacement sensor connected to the grating position adjusting device is an absolute grating displacement sensor to measure the position of the adjustable position grating (2).
3. The frequency-resolved optical switching measurement instrument for highly chirped ultrashort laser pulses according to claim 1, characterized in that the delay line control motor (9) is a piezoelectric motor.
4. The frequency-resolved optical switchmeter for highly chirped ultrashort laser pulses according to claim 1, characterized in that the beam splitter (6) is a thin film beam splitter.
5. A method of frequency-resolved optical switching measurement for highly chirped ultrashort laser pulses, characterized by using the frequency-resolved optical switching measurement instrument of claim 1 and comprising the steps of:
the pulse with positive chirp enters a precompressor to obtain a compressed light pulse;
the compressed light pulse enters the frequency resolution optical switch device after being reflected by the plane mirror (5), a sum frequency optical signal and a frequency doubling optical signal are generated by a secondary nonlinear effect, and the sum frequency optical signal enters the spectrometer (13) after passing through the aperture diaphragm (12);
the delay line scanning and the spectrum collection are controlled by the scanning controller (14), the spectrometer (13) receives and measures the spectrum of the delay line scanning and the spectrum collection, the spectrum data are transmitted to the scanning controller (14), the scanning controller (14) transmits the scanning result to the computer (15), and the computer (15) restores the time domain electric field of the pulse by using an iterative algorithm to finally obtain the pulse electric field measurement result.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the compressed optical pulses are obtained by: the pulse with positive chirp enters the precompressor, and the propagation of the pulsed light signal is: firstly, entering a grating (1) with a fixed position to generate angular dispersion; then, the light beam enters an adjustable position grating (2) to be changed into parallel light again; then the light enters a first right-angle reflector (4) perpendicular to the parallel light, and is reflected by two reflecting surfaces in the first right-angle reflector (4), so that the light is raised to be in the same plane with the plane reflector (5); and then sequentially passing through the adjustable position grating (2) and the fixed position grating (1) to obtain the compressed light pulse.
7. The frequency-resolved optical switching method measurement method for large-chirp ultrashort laser pulses according to claim 5, wherein the process of the sum-frequency optical signal entering the spectrometer (13) is; the compressed light pulse is reflected by the plane mirror (5) and then enters the frequency resolution optical switch device; the pulse splitting device is divided into two paths of pulses through a beam splitter (6), the two paths of pulses respectively enter a second right-angle reflector (7) and a third right-angle reflector (8) which are both horizontally arranged, then return to the beam splitter (6) through the second right-angle reflector (7) and the third right-angle reflector (8), return to the beam splitter (6) through the two paths of pulses, the propagation directions are the same, but the positions are coincident, meanwhile, a delay line control motor (9) drives the third right-angle reflector (8) to move back and forth, the time difference of the two paths of pulses entering the secondary frequency doubling crystal (11) is changed by changing the length of the delay line, the returned two paths of pulses are focused on the secondary frequency doubling crystal (11) through a focusing lens (10), and after the pulses pass through the secondary frequency doubling crystal (11), a sum frequency optical signal and a frequency doubling optical signal are generated by a secondary nonlinear effect, the sum frequency light signal enters the spectrometer (13) after passing through the aperture stop (12).
8. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the measurement is performed by setting scanning parameters by an operator; after scanning is started, the scanning controller (14) sends a movement instruction to the delay line control motor (9) to enable the delay line control motor (9) to move to the scanning initial position; then the scanning controller (14) sends an exposure instruction to the spectrometer (13), and after exposure is completed, the scanning controller (14) reads spectrum data from the spectrometer (13); then the scanning controller (14) sends an instruction to the delay line control motor (9) to enable the delay line control motor (9) to move to the next position;
repeating the above process, changing the dispersion introduced by the precompressor by changing the position of the adjustable position grating (2) until the scanning of all delay points is completed; finally, the obtained scanning data are uploaded to a computer (15) for processing and resolving.
9. The frequency-resolved optical switching method measurement method for large-chirp ultrashort laser pulses according to claim 8, wherein the calibration method for calculating the amount of dispersion introduced by the precompressor according to the position of the adjustable position grating (2) is as follows: firstly, removing the plane reflector (5), and directly inputting a pulse into a frequency resolution optical switch device to restore the pulse spectral intensity and phase; measuring the same pulse after passing through the precompressor; and calculating the change of the dispersion introduced by the measured pulse, thereby determining the corresponding relation between the absolute distance between the adjustable position grating (2) and the fixed position grating (1) and the measuring position of the displacement sensor.
10. The frequency-resolved optical on-off measurement method for large-chirp ultrashort laser pulses according to claim 8, wherein the position of the adjustable position grating (2) is read by a displacement sensor connected to the grating position adjusting device, and the computer (15) calculates the dispersion introduced by the precompressor; and transforming the electric field obtained by resolving in a frequency domain to obtain a signal electric field before compression, namely a pulse electric field measurement result.
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| CN106052751A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-10-26 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Laser measuring apparatus of frequency-resolved optical gating based on transient grating |
| CN109540304A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-03-29 | 中山大学 | A kind of ultrashort laser pulse measuring device based on frequency resolved optical gating |
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