CN111235443A - Preparation method of low-processing-deformation 2-series aluminum alloy plate - Google Patents
Preparation method of low-processing-deformation 2-series aluminum alloy plate Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/18—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with zinc
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy plate preparation, and relates to a preparation method of a 2-series aluminum alloy plate with low processing deformation, which comprises the following raw materials: si is less than or equal to 0.1%, Fe is less than or equal to 0.12%, Cu: 3.8-4.4%, Mn: 0.30-0.90%, Mg: 1.20-1.80%, Cr is less than or equal to 0.1%, Zn is less than or equal to 0.25%, Ti is less than or equal to 0.15%, single impurity is less than or equal to 0.05%, the total amount of impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%, and the balance is Al, the cold deformation mode in the production process of the 2-series aluminum alloy plate is changed, so that the internal stress of the plate is redistributed, the residual stress in the plate is reduced, the deformation problem of the plate in the machining process can be effectively solved, and the aluminum alloy plate can be subjected to large tensile deformation after solid solution and quenching to prepare the aluminum alloy plate with excellent machining performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy plate preparation, and relates to a preparation method of a 2-series aluminum alloy plate with low processing deformation.
Background
With the improvement of light weight, the performance requirements of aerospace on modern aircrafts are continuously improved, the structural design of the aircrafts starts to adopt large-scale, thin-walled and integrated structures, such as integral frames, beams, wall plates and other parts, aluminum alloy has the characteristics of light weight, easiness in forming, high strength and the like, and the use amount of large-scale integral structural members taking aluminum alloy materials as the leading parts in the aerospace field is gradually increased. The aviation integral structural part is usually formed by directly milling a high-strength aluminum alloy thick plate, but the part is deformed greatly after being processed due to poor rigidity of part processing and the influence of residual stress in the part. Therefore, the most prominent problem faced by aerospace monolithic panels is tooling distortion.
In order to solve the problem of processing deformation of aluminum alloy parts, a series of advanced processing technologies such as a high-speed cutting technology, an electrorheological technology, a laser processing technology and the like are mainly used at present, and the processing technologies mainly solve the problems of cutting force, cutting heat and clamping force of the parts in the processing process. However, the problem of processing deformation of the integral structural part of the airplane is also related to the aluminum alloy plate, and because the aluminum alloy plate has uneven temperature field and elastic-plastic deformation in the production process, residual stress is generated inside the plate and can be released and redistributed in the plate processing process, which is an important reason for causing the processing deformation of parts. Therefore, it is important to improve the working deformation of the aluminum alloy plate by adjusting the production process of the plate.
The 2-series aluminum alloy belongs to Al-Cu-Mg alloy, belongs to heat-treatable reinforced alloy, has good heat resistance and processability, and can be used as important structural members of airplane wings, airframes and the like. With the adoption of large-scale, thin-walled and integrated aircraft structure design, the aviation industry puts higher requirements on the processing performance of the aluminum alloy plate. Generally, the cold deformation mode of the aluminum alloy plate adopts cold rolling deformation, the cold rolling deformation causes a large amount of residual stress in the alloy plate, and the alloy plate generates obvious processing deformation in the processing process. In order to solve the problem of deformation of the alloy plate in the processing process, the aluminum alloy plate with excellent processing performance is prepared by changing the cold processing deformation of the aluminum alloy plate.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a preparation method of a low-processing-deformation 2-series aluminum alloy plate, which aims to solve the problems that residual stress is generated inside a plate due to uneven temperature field and elastic-plastic deformation in the production process of the 2-series aluminum alloy plate, and the residual stress is released and redistributed in the plate processing process, so that the part processing deformation is caused, and the use of the processed part is influenced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a preparation method of a low-deformation 2-series aluminum alloy plate, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
A. casting: preparing an aluminum alloy raw material according to the following weight part ratio: si is less than or equal to 0.1%, Fe is less than or equal to 0.12%, Cu: 3.8-4.4%, Mn: 0.30-0.90%, Mg: 1.20-1.80%, Cr is less than or equal to 0.1%, Zn is less than or equal to 0.25%, Ti is less than or equal to 0.15%, single impurities are less than or equal to 0.05%, the total amount of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%, and the balance is Al, the prepared aluminum alloy raw material is added into a smelting furnace to be uniformly mixed and then smelted into liquid aluminum alloy, the smelting temperature is 700-750 ℃, the smelted liquid aluminum alloy is subjected to standing, refining, slag skimming, online degassing and filtering, and then the liquid aluminum alloy is cast into an aluminum alloy ingot;
B. homogenizing: b, homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot prepared in the step A, heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 485-493 ℃ at a heating rate of 40 ℃/h, preserving heat for 5-10 h, heating to 495-500 ℃ at 5 ℃/h, preserving heat for 12-24 h, and then cooling to room temperature by air;
C. hot rolling: placing the homogenized aluminum alloy ingot in a heating furnace to be heated to 420-480 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2-10 hours, hot-rolling the aluminum alloy ingot to 38-43 mm, and controlling the final rolling temperature to 380-450 ℃;
D. solution quenching: carrying out solution treatment on the hot-rolled aluminum alloy plate blank in a roller hearth furnace, wherein the solution temperature is 488-500 ℃, the heat preservation time is 120-240 min, and then discharging and water quenching;
E. cold deformation: carrying out cold machining deformation on the aluminum alloy plate blank subjected to water cooling, wherein the elongation is controlled to be 7-10%, and the yield strength is 200-250 MPa;
F. natural aging: and (3) placing the aluminum alloy plate subjected to cold machining deformation for 96 hours at room temperature, and then detecting the mechanical property and the machining property of the aluminum alloy plate.
Further, Al-5Ti-B wire refining agent is added in the refining process in the step A, double rotors are adopted for online degassing, and the flow of argon is 3.2-7.1 m3Per hour, chlorine flow rate is 0-0.05 m3And h, the rotating speed of the rotor is 400-700 r/min, and the filtering is performed by adopting a double-layer filter plate.
And further, casting the liquid aluminum alloy into an aluminum alloy ingot by adopting a semi-continuous water-cooling casting mode in the step A.
And further, the rolling pass of the step C is 5-11 passes, the rolling reduction of other passes except the first pass and the last pass is 40-70 mm, the temperature in the rolling process is controlled to be 380-460 ℃, the final rolling temperature is controlled to be 380-450 ℃, and the rolling speed is controlled to be 1-2 m/s.
And further, the water cooling quenching speed in the step D is 20-60 ℃/s.
And step E, performing stretching deformation treatment on the aluminum alloy plate blank subjected to water-cooling quenching on a 100MN stretcher, wherein the stretching rate is controlled to be 1.5-2.0 mm/s.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention discloses a preparation method of a low-processing-deformation 2-series aluminum alloy plate, which changes cold deformation into tensile deformation by changing a cold deformation mode in the production process of the 2-series aluminum alloy plate, wherein the mechanical properties of the plate have no obvious difference under the condition of equivalent cold deformation, however, the surface layer and the core part of the plate are simultaneously subjected to tensile stress by large tensile deformation, and after the deformation exceeds the elastic limit of the plate, the plate is subjected to plastic deformation, so that the internal stress of the plate is redistributed, and the residual stress in the plate is reduced, thereby effectively solving the deformation problem of the plate in the mechanical processing process, and therefore, the aluminum alloy plate can be prepared into the aluminum alloy plate with excellent mechanical processing properties by large tensile deformation after solid solution and quenching.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The preparation method of the low-processing-deformation 2-series aluminum alloy plate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
A. casting: calculating the use amount of each aluminum alloy raw material and preparing the aluminum alloy raw materials according to the mixture ratio, wherein the mass percent ratio of each element of the 2-series aluminum alloy raw materials is as follows:
| Si | Fe | Cu | Mn | Mg | Cr | Zn | Ti | impurities | Al | |
| Content (wt.) | 0.035 | 0.083 | 4.261 | 0.565 | 1.457 | 0.008 | 0.135 | 0.037 | 0.06 | Balance of |
Adding the prepared aluminum alloy raw material into a smelting furnace, uniformly mixing, smelting to obtain liquid aluminum alloy, wherein the smelting temperature is 700-750 ℃, performing standing, refining, slag skimming, online degassing and filtering on the smelted liquid aluminum alloy, casting the liquid aluminum alloy into aluminum alloy cast ingots by adopting a semi-continuous water-cooling casting mode, adding an Al-5Ti-B wire refining agent in the refining process, performing online degassing by adopting a double rotor, and ensuring that the flow of argon gas is 3.2-7.1 m3Per hour, chlorine flow rate is 0-0.05 m3The rotor speed is 400-700 r/min, and the filtering is carried out by adopting a double-layer filter plate;
B. homogenizing: b, homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot prepared in the step A, heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 488 ℃ at a heating rate of 40 ℃/h, preserving heat for 8h, heating to 496 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/h, preserving heat for 17h, and then cooling to room temperature by air;
C. hot rolling: placing the homogenized aluminum alloy ingot in a heating furnace to be heated to 450 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3h, hot-rolling the aluminum alloy ingot after heating and keeping the temperature to 40mm, wherein the rolling pass is 15 passes, the rolling reduction of other passes except the first pass and the last pass is 40-70 mm, the temperature in the rolling process is controlled to be 380-460 ℃, the final rolling temperature is controlled to be 440 ℃, and the rolling speed is controlled to be 1-2 m/s;
D. solution quenching: carrying out solution treatment on the hot-rolled aluminum alloy plate blank in a roller hearth furnace, wherein the solution temperature is 497 ℃, the heat preservation time is 120min, then discharging and water quenching are carried out, and the water-cooling quenching speed is 20-60 ℃/s;
E. cold deformation: carrying out cold working deformation on the water-cooled aluminum alloy plate blank on a 100MN stretcher, wherein the elongation is controlled to be 7.5%, the yield strength is 220MPa, and the stretching rate is 1.7 mm/s;
F. natural aging: and (3) placing the aluminum alloy plate after the cold-processing deformation for 96 hours at room temperature, then detecting the mechanical property and the machining property of the aluminum alloy plate, and testing the maximum warping height of the aluminum alloy plate in each pass.
Example 2
Example 2 differs from example 1 in that step E cold-works the water-cooled aluminum alloy slab on a 100MN stretcher with an elongation of 9%, a yield strength of 230MPa, and a stretching rate of 1.9 mm/s.
Comparative example
The comparative example differs from example 1 in that step E cold-roll deformation of the water-cooled aluminum alloy slab with a reduction of 8.6%.
The maximum warping height and the mechanical property test results of the aluminum alloy plates obtained in the examples 1-2 and the comparative examples after layer-by-layer cutting are shown in tables 1 and 2 respectively:
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
As can be seen from table 1, by using the preparation method of the low-deformation 2-series aluminum alloy sheet disclosed in the patent, the maximum warpage height of the aluminum alloy sheet after 10 passes of layer-by-layer peeling is smaller than that of the aluminum alloy sheet after direct cold rolling and pressing in the comparative example.
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, by using the preparation method of the low work deformation 2-series aluminum alloy plate disclosed in the present patent, the L-direction mechanical properties and the T-direction mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy plate are not significantly different, however, the maximum warpage height of the aluminum alloy plate in the examples is smaller than that of the aluminum alloy plate directly cold rolled and pressed in the comparative example.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the low-processing-deformation 2-series aluminum alloy plate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
A. casting: preparing an aluminum alloy raw material according to the following weight part ratio: si is less than or equal to 0.1%, Fe is less than or equal to 0.12%, Cu: 3.8-4.4%, Mn: 0.30-0.90%, Mg: 1.20-1.80%, Cr is less than or equal to 0.1%, Zn is less than or equal to 0.25%, Ti is less than or equal to 0.15%, single impurities are less than or equal to 0.05%, the total amount of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.15%, and the balance is Al, the prepared aluminum alloy raw material is added into a smelting furnace to be uniformly mixed and then smelted into liquid aluminum alloy, the smelting temperature is 700-750 ℃, the smelted liquid aluminum alloy is subjected to standing, refining, slag skimming, online degassing and filtering, and then the liquid aluminum alloy is cast into an aluminum alloy ingot;
B. homogenizing: b, homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot prepared in the step A, heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 485-493 ℃ at a heating rate of 40 ℃/h, preserving heat for 5-10 h, heating to 495-500 ℃ at 5 ℃/h, preserving heat for 12-24 h, and then cooling to room temperature by air;
C. hot rolling: placing the homogenized aluminum alloy ingot in a heating furnace to be heated to 420-480 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2-10 hours, hot-rolling the aluminum alloy ingot to 38-43 mm, and controlling the final rolling temperature to 380-450 ℃;
D. solution quenching: carrying out solution treatment on the hot-rolled aluminum alloy plate blank in a roller hearth furnace, wherein the solution temperature is 488-500 ℃, the heat preservation time is 120-240 min, and then discharging and water quenching;
E. cold deformation: carrying out cold machining deformation on the aluminum alloy plate blank subjected to water cooling, wherein the elongation is controlled to be 7-10%, and the yield strength is 200-250 MPa;
F. natural aging: and (3) placing the aluminum alloy plate subjected to cold machining deformation for 96 hours at room temperature, and then detecting the mechanical property and the machining property of the aluminum alloy plate.
2. The method for preparing the low-deformation 2-series aluminum alloy sheet as claimed in claim 1, wherein an A1-5Ti-B wire refining agent is added in the refining process in the step A, a double rotor is adopted for online degassing, the argon flow is 3.2-7.1 m3Per hour, chlorine flow rate is 0-0.05 m3And h, the rotating speed of the rotor is 400-700 r/min, and the filtering is performed by adopting a double-layer filter plate.
3. The method for preparing the low-deformation 2-series aluminum alloy plate as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step A is to melt and cast the liquid aluminum alloy into the aluminum alloy ingot by a semi-continuous water-cooling casting mode.
4. The method for preparing the low-deformation 2-series aluminum alloy plate as claimed in claim 3, wherein the rolling pass in the step C is 12-16 passes, the rolling reduction of other passes except the first pass and the last pass is 40-70 mm, the temperature in the rolling process is controlled to be 380-460 ℃, the finishing temperature is controlled to be 380-450 ℃, and the rolling speed is controlled to be 1-2 m/s.
5. The method for preparing a low work deformation 2-series aluminum alloy plate as claimed in claim 4, wherein the water cooling quenching speed in the step D is 20-60 ℃/s.
6. The method for preparing a low work deformation 2-series aluminum alloy plate as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step E is to subject the aluminum alloy plate blank after water-cooling quenching to stretching deformation treatment on a 100MN stretcher, and the stretching rate is controlled to be 1.5-2.0 mm/s.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112522649A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-03-19 | 东北轻合金有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method of high-strength high-toughness large-size aluminum alloy plate for large passenger plane |
| CN112760579A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-05-07 | 西南铝业（集团）有限责任公司 | Homogenization heat treatment method of 2-series aluminum alloy cast ingot |
| CN114134377A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-04 | 无锡市世达精密焊管制造有限公司 | Aluminum alloy plate for heat exchanger and preparation method thereof |
| CN114752831A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-07-15 | 中南大学 | High-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115323294A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-11-11 | 广西科技大学 | Strong plastic deformation method of Al-Cu-Mg alloy |
| CN115874031A (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-03-31 | 东北轻合金有限责任公司 | Machining method of 2A12 aluminum alloy plate for aviation |
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