CN111234304B - Polyaniline @ silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film, preparation method and application - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polyaniline @ silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film, a preparation method and application thereof. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the porous structure effectively increases the specific surface area of the composite film, and the gradient structure ensures the good mechanical property of the composite film; the gradient composite film loaded with polyaniline realizes the construction of a three-dimensional network of a sensitive material, and greatly increases the adsorption active sites of target gas; having NO in pair 2 Sensitive response, good flexibility, high mechanical strength and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a special composite film for a flexible gas sensor, in particular to a polyaniline @ silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film, a preparation method and application.
Background
The flexible gas sensor has the advantages and wide application prospect superior to the traditional gas sensor in the aspects of wearable equipment, food health environment monitoring and the like. The core components of the flexible gas sensor are sensitive materials and a flexible substrate, and the current research is to deposit a layer of sensitive materials on the flexible substrate by chemical deposition, spraying and other methods, however, the structure can cause the phenomenon that the sensitive material layer is broken or falls off from the flexible substrate in the use process, so that the gas sensing performance is lost. Therefore, the improvement of the interaction between the sensitive material and the flexible substrate has important significance for improving the performance of the flexible gas sensor. However, embedding the sensitive material in a flexible matrix may prevent the sensitive material from contacting the gas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a polyaniline @ silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film, a preparation method and application.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a polyaniline @ silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film comprises the following operation steps:
(1) preparation of the blend: adding 0.1-1 g of sodium chloride and 0.05-0.2 g of silver nanowires into a polyamic acid/dimethyl formamide solution, and continuously stirring to uniformly disperse to form a blend;
(2) first spin coating: spin-coating the blend on a glass substrate to form a film, wherein the rotating speed is 700rmp/s, and the time is 70 s;
(3) and (3) spin coating for the second time: spin-coating polyamic acid/dimethylformamide solution which is not doped with sodium chloride and silver nanowires on the membrane, wherein the rotating speed is 700rmp/s, and the time is 50 s;
(4) and (3) curing: then, heating and curing are carried out, wherein,
maintaining at 100 deg.C for 10min, maintaining at 150 deg.C for 20min, maintaining at 180 deg.C for 15min, maintaining at 200 deg.C for 10min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain composite film;
(5) removing the template: soaking the composite film in deionized water, maintaining stirring for 48h, taking out, and washing with the deionized water to obtain the silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film;
(6) surface hydrophilic treatment: then, immersing the silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film prepared in the step (5) into a sodium polystyrene sulfonate solution with the concentration of 0.01-0.1 mol/L for treatment for 30min to obtain a silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film after hydrophilic treatment;
(7) adding 0.5-1.5 ml of aniline and 0.1mol/L HCl (HCl) in a volume of 0.5-1 ml into 100ml of deionized water, keeping the temperature at 0-4 ℃, and continuously stirring to obtain a dispersion liquid;
placing the silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film subjected to hydrophilic treatment in the step (6) in the dispersion liquid, and then placing the silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film in the dispersion liquidDropwise adding (NH) with the volume of 2-8 ml and the concentration of 0.1g/ml 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 Aqueous solution, during which the temperature and the stirring speed are kept constant;
after the dropwise addition is finished, continuously stirring for 12-24 h, taking out the film, washing the film for multiple times by deionized water and ethanol respectively, and drying the film in vacuum at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the polyaniline @ silver nanowire/polyimide gradient composite film.
Further, the viscosity of the polyamic acid/dimethylformamide solution in the step (1) is 500-1500 cP; the mass ratio of the sodium chloride to the polyamic acid to the silver nanowire is 0.1-1.1: 1: 0.25-0.8; the viscosity of the formed blend is 1500-2500 cP.
Further, the thickness of the thin film obtained by the first spin coating in the step (2) is 10-40 μm; the thickness of the film obtained by the spin coating in the second step in the step (4) is 7-25 μm.
The polyaniline @ silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film is prepared by the preparation method.
The polyaniline @ silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film is applied to a flexible gas sensor.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
gradient materials are heterogeneous materials in which the composition and structure of the material changes continuously in a certain direction, and the function of the material changes gradually corresponding to the change of the composition and structure. The gas sensitive material needs to be in sufficient contact with the target gas and therefore requires a large specific surface area and exposed active adsorption sites, and therefore the porous structure is a good material morphology. Polyimide has excellent mechanical properties and chemical stability, and is an excellent flexible substrate material. Polyaniline acts as a p-type semiconductor when reacted with an oxidizing gas such as NO 2 When the contact is made, the number of holes is increased, so that the conductivity is increased, and good response performance is shown. Therefore, the film substrate has excellent mechanical property and can load gas-sensitive materials. The application proposes the use of sodium chloride based on centrifugation and particle gradient arrangementThe silver nanowire/polyimide composite film with the gradient distribution of the size and the number of air holes in the thickness direction is prepared for the air hole template by a two-step spin coating method, and then the polyaniline is loaded to obtain the composite film with good mechanical property and gas sensitivity. The gradient composite film is used as a flexible gas sensor and has the characteristics of adjustable specific surface area, and excellent flexibility and mechanical properties.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention uses the good flexibility and mechanical property of the porous polyimide gradient composite film in the structural design of the flexible gas sensor. The porous structure effectively increases the specific surface area of the composite film, and the gradient structure ensures the good mechanical property of the composite film.
(2) The gradient composite film loaded with polyaniline realizes the construction of a three-dimensional network of a sensitive material, and greatly increases the adsorption active sites of target gas.
(3) The prepared polyaniline @ silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film has NO-pair effect 2 Sensitive response, good flexibility, high mechanical strength and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an optical micrograph of the polyaniline @ silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
The production process of the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the experimental methods of the following examples, unless otherwise specified, they are conventional methods; the materials used in the examples were purchased from conventional chemical agents, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The preparation method of the polyaniline @ silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the blend: adding 0.1g of sodium chloride and 0.05g of silver nanowires into the polyamic acid/dimethylformamide solution, and continuously stirring to uniformly disperse to form a blend; wherein, the sodium chloride, the polyamide acid and the silver are nano-sizedThe mass ratio of the thread is 0.1: 1: 0.25; (2) spin coating for the first time: spin-coating the blend on a glass substrate to form a film, wherein the rotating speed is 700rmp/s, and the time is 70 s; (3) and (3) spin coating for the second time: spin-coating polyamic acid/dimethylformamide solution which is not doped with sodium chloride and silver nanowires on the membrane, wherein the rotating speed is 700rmp/s, and the time is 50 s; (4) and (3) curing: heating and curing, wherein the temperature is maintained at 100 ℃ for 10min, the temperature is maintained at 150 ℃ for 20min, the temperature is maintained at 180 ℃ for 15min, the temperature is maintained at 200 ℃ for 10min, and then the composite film is naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a composite film; (5) removing the template: soaking the composite film in deionized water, maintaining stirring for 48h, taking out, and washing with the deionized water to obtain the silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film; (6) surface hydrophilic treatment: then, immersing the silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film into a sodium polystyrene sulfonate solution with the concentration of 0.01mol/L for treatment for 30min to obtain a silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film after hydrophilic treatment; (7) adding 0.5ml aniline and 0.1mol/L HCl with volume of 0.5ml into 100ml deionized water, keeping 0 ℃ and continuously stirring to obtain dispersion; placing the silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film subjected to hydrophilic treatment in the step (6) into the dispersion, and dropwise adding (NH) with the volume of 2ml and the concentration of 0.1g/ml 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 Maintaining the temperature and stirring speed of the aqueous solution unchanged; after the dropwise addition is finished, continuously stirring for 12h, taking out the film, washing the film for multiple times by deionized water and ethanol respectively, and then drying the film in vacuum at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the polyaniline @ silver nanowire/polyimide gradient composite film.
Example 2
The preparation method of the polyaniline @ silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the blend: adding 1g of sodium chloride and 0.2g of silver nanowires into a polyamic acid/dimethylformamide solution, and continuously stirring to uniformly disperse to form a blend; wherein the mass ratio of the sodium chloride to the polyamic acid to the silver nanowire is 0.7: 1: 0.65; (2) spin coating for the first time: spin coating the above blend into a film on a glass substrate, whereinThe rotating speed is 700rmp/s, and the time is 70 s; (3) and (3) spin coating for the second time: spin-coating polyamic acid/dimethylformamide solution which is not doped with sodium chloride and silver nanowires on the membrane, wherein the rotating speed is 700rmp/s, and the time is 50 s; (4) and (3) curing: heating and curing, wherein the temperature is maintained at 100 ℃ for 10min, the temperature is maintained at 150 ℃ for 20min, the temperature is maintained at 180 ℃ for 15min, the temperature is maintained at 200 ℃ for 10min, and then the composite film is naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a composite film; (5) removing the template: soaking the composite film in deionized water, maintaining stirring for 48h, taking out, and washing with the deionized water to obtain the silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film; (6) surface hydrophilic treatment: then, immersing the silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film into a sodium polystyrene sulfonate solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L for treatment for 30min to obtain a silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film after hydrophilic treatment; (7) adding 1.5ml of aniline and HCl with the concentration of 0.1mol/L and the volume of 1ml into 100ml of deionized water, keeping the temperature at 4 ℃ and continuously stirring to obtain a dispersion liquid; placing the silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film subjected to hydrophilic treatment in the step (6) into the dispersion liquid, and dropwise adding (NH) with the volume of 8ml and the concentration of 0.1g/ml 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 Aqueous solution, during which the temperature and the stirring speed are kept constant; after the dropwise addition is finished, continuously stirring for 24h, taking out the film, washing the film for multiple times by deionized water and ethanol respectively, and drying the film in vacuum at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the polyaniline @ silver nanowire/polyimide gradient composite film.
Example 3
The preparation method of the polyaniline @ silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the blend: adding 0.5g of sodium chloride and 0.1g of silver nanowires into the polyamic acid/dimethylformamide solution, and continuously stirring to uniformly disperse to form a blend; wherein the mass ratio of the sodium chloride to the silver nanowires to the polyamic acid is 1.1: 1: 0.8; (2) first spin coating: spin-coating the blend on a glass substrate to form a film, wherein the rotating speed is 700rmp/s, and the time is 70 s; (3) and (3) spin coating for the second time: polyamic acid/polyimide without doping sodium chloride and silver nano-wireThe methyl formamide solution is coated on the membrane in a spinning mode, wherein the rotating speed is 700rmp/s, and the time is 50 s; (4) and (3) curing: heating and curing, wherein the temperature is maintained at 100 ℃ for 10min, the temperature is maintained at 150 ℃ for 20min, the temperature is maintained at 180 ℃ for 15min, the temperature is maintained at 200 ℃ for 10min, and then the composite film is naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a composite film; (5) removing the template: soaking the composite film in deionized water, maintaining stirring for 48h, taking out, and washing with the deionized water to obtain the silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film; (6) surface hydrophilic treatment: then, immersing the silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film into a sodium polystyrene sulfonate solution with the concentration of 0.01-0.1 mol/L for treatment for 30min to obtain a silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film after hydrophilic treatment; (7) adding 1ml of aniline and HCl with the concentration of 0.1mol/L and the volume of 0.8ml into 100ml of deionized water, keeping the temperature at 2 ℃ and continuously stirring to obtain a dispersion liquid; placing the silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film subjected to hydrophilic treatment in the step (6) into the dispersion, and dropwise adding (NH) with the volume of 6ml and the concentration of 0.1g/ml 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 Maintaining the temperature and stirring speed of the aqueous solution unchanged; after the dropwise addition, continuously stirring for 19h, taking out the film, washing the film for multiple times by deionized water and ethanol respectively, and drying the film in vacuum at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the polyaniline @ silver nanowire/polyimide gradient composite film.
The polyaniline @ silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite films prepared according to examples 1-3 were measured for specific surface area and tensile strength at break, and the summary test results were as follows:
table 1 results of performance testing
| Specific surface area/(m) 2 /g) | Tensile strength at break/(MPa) | |
| Example 1 | 780.3 | 137.2 |
| Example 2 | 1005.7 | 125.6 |
| Example 3 | 1298.4 | 113.5 |
As can be seen from table 1, the polyaniline @ silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film obtained in examples 1 to 3 has a large specific surface area and a strong tensile strength at break, which indicates that the preparation method of the polyaniline @ silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film provided by the present invention is scientific and reasonable, and a composite film material having a large specific surface area and good mechanical properties can be obtained.
The embodiments described above are some, not all embodiments of the invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art will also recognize various ways to alter the parameters of the embodiments disclosed in the application, all of which fall within the spirit and scope of the claims of the application.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of a polyaniline @ silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:
(1) preparation of the blend: adding 0.1-1 g of sodium chloride and 0.05-0.2 g of silver nanowires into a polyamic acid/dimethyl formamide solution, and continuously stirring to uniformly disperse to form a blend;
the viscosity of the polyamic acid/dimethyl formamide solution is 500-1500 cP; the mass ratio of the sodium chloride to the polyamic acid to the silver nanowire is 0.1-1.1: 1: 0.25-0.8; the viscosity of the formed blend is 1500-2500 cP;
(2) first spin coating: spin-coating the blend on a glass substrate to form a film, wherein the rotating speed is 700rmp, and the time is 70 s;
(3) and (3) spin coating for the second time: spin-coating polyamic acid/dimethylformamide solution without doping sodium chloride and silver nanowires on the membrane, wherein the rotating speed is 700rmp and the time is 50 s;
(4) and (3) curing: heating and curing, wherein the temperature is maintained at 100 ℃ for 10min, the temperature is maintained at 150 ℃ for 20min, the temperature is maintained at 180 ℃ for 15min, the temperature is maintained at 200 ℃ for 10min, and then the composite film is naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a composite film;
(5) removing the template: soaking the composite film in deionized water, maintaining stirring for 48h, taking out, and washing with the deionized water to obtain the silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film;
(6) surface hydrophilic treatment: then, immersing the silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film prepared in the step (5) into a sodium polystyrene sulfonate solution with the concentration of 0.01-0.1 mol/L for treatment for 30min to obtain a silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film subjected to hydrophilic treatment;
(7) adding 0.5-1.5 ml of aniline and 0.1mol/L HCl in a volume of 0.5-1 ml into 100ml of deionized water, keeping the temperature at 0-4 ℃, and continuously stirring to obtain a dispersion liquid; placing the silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film subjected to hydrophilic treatment in the step (6) into the dispersion liquid, and dropwise adding a (NH4)2S2O8 aqueous solution with the volume of 2-8 ml and the concentration of 0.1g/ml, wherein the temperature and the stirring speed are kept unchanged during the process;
after the dropwise addition is finished, continuously stirring for 12-24 h, taking out the film, washing the film for multiple times by deionized water and ethanol respectively, and drying the film in vacuum at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the polyaniline @ silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film.
2. The preparation method of the polyaniline @ silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the thickness of the film obtained by the first step of spin coating in the step (2) is 10-40 mu m; the thickness of the thin film obtained by the spin coating in the second step in the step (3) is 7-25 micrometers.
3. A polyaniline @ silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film is characterized in that: the polyaniline @ silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film is prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-2.
4. The use of the polyaniline @ silver nanowire/polyimide porous gradient composite film as defined in claim 3 in a flexible gas sensor.
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