CN111233398A - Recycled concrete based on waste concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Recycled concrete based on waste concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111233398A
CN111233398A CN202010084497.5A CN202010084497A CN111233398A CN 111233398 A CN111233398 A CN 111233398A CN 202010084497 A CN202010084497 A CN 202010084497A CN 111233398 A CN111233398 A CN 111233398A
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solution
waste concrete
concrete
product
cerium dioxide
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张斌
张彦钧
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Lianyungang Jiuhe Concrete Co Ltd
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Lianyungang Jiuhe Concrete Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04Portland cements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/02Treatment
    • C04B20/04Heat treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides recycled concrete based on waste concrete, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of modified waste concrete, 30-40 parts of cement, 20-30 parts of aggregate, 3-5 parts of water reducing agent and 3-5 parts of coupling agent; the preparation method of the modified waste concrete comprises the following steps: s1 pretreatment of waste concrete; s2 acidifying the waste concrete; s3 modification of waste concrete; the concrete utilizes cerium dioxide nano particles to modify waste concrete, and the cerium dioxide nano particles are bonded on the waste concrete, so that the microstructure of the concrete is changed microscopically, the dispersibility of the waste concrete in a concrete system is improved, and the mechanical property of the concrete is provided; in addition, the invention also provides a method for preparing the recycled concrete.

Description

Recycled concrete based on waste concrete and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention provides recycled concrete based on waste concrete and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of recycled concrete.
Background
With the continuous expansion of the urban scale in China, a large number of existing buildings are subject to demolition, the amount of the generated construction waste is huge, and the construction waste in China in 2020 is predicted to reach 6.38 multiplied by 109 t. The recycling of the waste building garbage is not only required in times, but also has important significance for protecting the environment, saving resources and developing ecological buildings. At present, waste concrete and waste baked bricks often exist in urban building waste at the same time, wherein the proportion of the waste bricks is about 30-50%.
In engineering practice, most of construction wastes are piled in the open air or directly buried in suburbs except for a small amount of construction wastes used for burying in low-lying areas and leveling construction sites, and the extensive treatment mode not only occupies a large amount of land, but also generates a large amount of dust and sand ash to fly, thereby causing serious air pollution, and also can generate alkaline waste residues, causing land pollution and seriously damaging ecological environment. Because concrete belongs to inorganic materials, the concrete has good durability and is more difficult to naturally decompose than organic matters, thereby being easy to cause permanent pollution.
The strength of the concrete directly made of recycled aggregate made of waste concrete is not higher than that of common concrete, and at present, the main method for improving the performance of the recycled concrete is to add reinforcing steel bars, steel fibers, carbon fibers, polymer fibers, mineral fibers, superfine limestone powder, nano SiO2, superfine fly ash powder and the like into cement mortar. Although the overall strength and toughness of the mortar are improved by the reinforcing materials, the toughness is derived from the reinforcing materials, the structure and toughness of the cement paste are not changed, and the problems of brittleness and cracks of the mortar still exist.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides recycled concrete based on waste concrete and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides recycled concrete based on waste concrete, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of modified waste concrete, 30-40 parts of cement, 20-30 parts of aggregate, 3-5 parts of water reducing agent and 3-5 parts of coupling agent;
the preparation method of the modified waste concrete comprises the following steps:
s1 pretreatment of waste concrete: placing the waste concrete into a ball mill for ball milling, and sieving by a sieve of 80-100 meshes to obtain a crude product of the waste concrete; then dispersing the coarse product in water, and obtaining a fine product of the waste concrete through natural precipitation, filtration, roasting, cooling and grinding;
s2 acidification of waste concrete: soaking the fine product obtained in the step S1 in a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 1mol/L for 10-12 h, and washing, filtering, roasting, cooling and grinding to obtain an acidified product;
s3 modification of waste concrete: dispersing the acidification product obtained in the step S2 in water of 40-50 ℃ under high-speed stirring to obtain a suspension of the acidification product; dropwise adding a cerium dioxide nanoparticle solution into the suspension at a constant speed, continuously stirring for 12-24 h, standing, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging to remove supernatant, and drying in a 100-DEG C oven for later use; wherein the volume ratio of the cerium dioxide nano particle solution to the acidification product suspension is 15-20: 1, the concentration of the cerium dioxide nano particles is 5mol/L, and the dropping speed is 2 ml/s.
Further, the cement is one or a combination of Portland cement, ordinary Portland cement and pozzolana Portland cement.
Further, the aggregate is one or a combination of sea sand, gravel and mountain sand.
Further, the water reducing agent is one or a combination of a calcium lignosulfonate water reducing agent, a melamine high-efficiency water reducing agent and an aliphatic high-efficiency water reducing agent.
Further, the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent KH-550 or a silane coupling agent KH-560.
Further, the preparation process of the cerium dioxide nano solution is as follows: mixing a cerium acetate solution and a polyvinylpyrrolidone solution, slowly dripping a tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution into the mixed solution in a 30-DEG constant-temperature magnetic stirring water bath, heating the magnetic stirring water bath to 60 DEG after dripping is finished, stirring and reacting for 2 hours to obtain a cerium dioxide nanoparticle solution, and then centrifuging, washing, drying and weighing the cerium dioxide nanoparticle solution for later use; wherein the molar concentration of cerium acetate in the mixed solution is 0.02mol/L, the mass concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 50g/L, the molar concentration of tris solution is 0.02mol/L, and the volume ratio of the cerium acetate solution to the polyvinylpyrrolidone to tris is 1:5:1.
In addition, the invention also provides a preparation method of the recycled concrete based on the waste concrete, which comprises the following specific processes:
step one, preparing modified waste concrete:
s1 pretreatment of waste concrete: placing the waste concrete into a ball mill for ball milling, and sieving by a sieve of 80-100 meshes to obtain a crude product of the waste concrete; then dispersing the coarse product in water, and obtaining a fine product of the waste concrete through natural precipitation, filtration, roasting, cooling and grinding;
s2 acidification of waste concrete: soaking the fine product obtained in the step S1 in a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 1mol/L for 10-12 h, and washing, filtering, roasting, cooling and grinding to obtain an acidified product;
s3 modification of waste concrete: dispersing the acidification product obtained in the step S2 in water of 40-50 ℃ under high-speed stirring to obtain a suspension of the acidification product; dropwise adding a cerium dioxide nanoparticle solution into the suspension at a constant speed, continuously stirring for 12-24 h, standing, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging to remove supernatant, and drying in a 100-DEG C oven for later use; wherein the volume ratio of the cerium dioxide nano particle solution to the suspension of the acidification product is 15-20: 1, the concentration of the cerium dioxide nano particles is 5mol/L, and the dropping speed is 2 ml/s;
in step S3, the ceria nano-solution is prepared as follows: mixing a cerium acetate solution and a polyvinylpyrrolidone solution, slowly dripping a tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution into the mixed solution in a 30-DEG constant-temperature magnetic stirring water bath, heating the magnetic stirring water bath to 60 DEG after dripping is finished, stirring and reacting for 2 hours to obtain a cerium dioxide nanoparticle solution, and then centrifuging, washing, drying and weighing the cerium dioxide nanoparticle solution for later use; wherein the molar concentration of cerium acetate in the mixed solution is 0.02mol/L, the mass concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 50g/L, the molar concentration of tris solution is 0.02mol/L, and the volume ratio of the cerium acetate solution to the polyvinylpyrrolidone to tris is 1:5: 1;
and step two, uniformly stirring the cement, the aggregate, the water reducing agent and the coupling agent by using a high-speed stirring rod to obtain a mixed solution A, adding the modified waste concrete dispersion liquid into the mixed solution A, and uniformly stirring to obtain the recycled concrete.
The invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects: according to the recycled concrete based on the waste concrete, the waste concrete is modified by the cerium dioxide nano particles, and the cerium dioxide nano particles are bonded on the waste concrete, so that the microstructure of the concrete is changed microscopically, the dispersibility of the waste concrete in a concrete system is improved, and the mechanical property of the concrete is provided.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the present invention.
Example 1
Preparing modified waste concrete:
s1 pretreatment of waste concrete: placing the waste concrete into a ball mill for ball milling, and sieving by a sieve of 80-100 meshes to obtain a crude product of the waste concrete; then dispersing the coarse product in water, and obtaining a fine product of the waste concrete through natural precipitation, filtration, roasting, cooling and grinding;
s2 acidification of waste concrete: soaking the fine product obtained in the step S1 in a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 1mol/L for 10 hours, and washing, filtering, roasting, cooling and grinding to obtain an acidified product;
s3 modification of waste concrete: dispersing the acidified product obtained in the step S2 in water of 40 ℃ under high-speed stirring to obtain a suspension of the acidified product; dropwise adding the cerium dioxide nano particle solution into the suspension at a constant speed, continuously stirring for 12h, standing, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging to remove supernatant, and drying in a 100-DEG C oven for later use; wherein the volume ratio of the cerium dioxide nano particle solution to the suspension of the acidification product is 15:1, the concentration of the cerium dioxide nano particles is 5mol/L, and the dropping speed is 2 ml/s;
in step S3, the ceria nano-solution is prepared as follows: mixing a cerium acetate solution and a polyvinylpyrrolidone solution, slowly dripping a tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution into the mixed solution in a 30-DEG constant-temperature magnetic stirring water bath, heating the magnetic stirring water bath to 60 DEG after dripping is finished, stirring and reacting for 2 hours to obtain a cerium dioxide nanoparticle solution, and then centrifuging, washing, drying and weighing the cerium dioxide nanoparticle solution for later use; wherein the molar concentration of cerium acetate in the mixed solution is 0.02mol/L, the mass concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 50g/L, the molar concentration of tris solution is 0.02mol/L, and the volume ratio of the cerium acetate solution to the polyvinylpyrrolidone to tris is 1:5:1.
Example 2
Step one, preparing modified waste concrete:
s1 pretreatment of waste concrete: placing the waste concrete into a ball mill for ball milling, and sieving by a sieve of 80-100 meshes to obtain a crude product of the waste concrete; then dispersing the coarse product in water, and obtaining a fine product of the waste concrete through natural precipitation, filtration, roasting, cooling and grinding;
s2 acidification of waste concrete: soaking the fine product obtained in the step S1 in a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 1mol/L for 11h, and washing, filtering, roasting, cooling and grinding to obtain an acidified product;
s3 modification of waste concrete: dispersing the acidified product obtained in the step S2 in 45-degree water under high-speed stirring to obtain a suspension of the acidified product; dropwise adding the cerium dioxide nano particle solution into the suspension at a constant speed, continuously stirring for 18h, standing, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging to remove supernatant, and drying in a 100-DEG C oven for later use; wherein the volume ratio of the cerium dioxide nano particle solution to the suspension of the acidification product is 17:1, the concentration of the cerium dioxide nano particles is 5mol/L, and the dropping speed is 2 ml/s;
in step S3, the ceria nano-solution is prepared as follows: mixing a cerium acetate solution and a polyvinylpyrrolidone solution, slowly dripping a tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution into the mixed solution in a 30-DEG constant-temperature magnetic stirring water bath, heating the magnetic stirring water bath to 60 DEG after dripping is finished, stirring and reacting for 2 hours to obtain a cerium dioxide nanoparticle solution, and then centrifuging, washing, drying and weighing the cerium dioxide nanoparticle solution for later use; wherein the molar concentration of cerium acetate in the mixed solution is 0.02mol/L, the mass concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 50g/L, the molar concentration of tris solution is 0.02mol/L, and the volume ratio of the cerium acetate solution to the polyvinylpyrrolidone to tris is 1:5:1.
Example 3
Step one, preparing modified waste concrete:
s1 pretreatment of waste concrete: placing the waste concrete into a ball mill for ball milling, and sieving by a sieve of 80-100 meshes to obtain a crude product of the waste concrete; then dispersing the coarse product in water, and obtaining a fine product of the waste concrete through natural precipitation, filtration, roasting, cooling and grinding;
s2 acidification of waste concrete: soaking the fine product obtained in the step S1 in a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 1mol/L for 12 hours, and washing, filtering, roasting, cooling and grinding to obtain an acidified product;
s3 modification of waste concrete: dispersing the acidified product obtained in the step S2 in 50-degree water under high-speed stirring to obtain a suspension of the acidified product; dropwise adding the cerium dioxide nano particle solution into the suspension at a constant speed, continuously stirring for 24h, standing, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging to remove supernatant, and drying in a 100-DEG C oven for later use; wherein the volume ratio of the cerium dioxide nano particle solution to the suspension of the acidification product is 20:1, the concentration of the cerium dioxide nano particles is 5mol/L, and the dropping speed is 2 ml/s;
in step S3, the ceria nano-solution is prepared as follows: mixing a cerium acetate solution and a polyvinylpyrrolidone solution, slowly dripping a tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution into the mixed solution in a 30-DEG constant-temperature magnetic stirring water bath, heating the magnetic stirring water bath to 60 DEG after dripping is finished, stirring and reacting for 2 hours to obtain a cerium dioxide nanoparticle solution, and then centrifuging, washing, drying and weighing the cerium dioxide nanoparticle solution for later use; wherein the molar concentration of cerium acetate in the mixed solution is 0.02mol/L, the mass concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 50g/L, the molar concentration of tris solution is 0.02mol/L, and the volume ratio of the cerium acetate solution to the polyvinylpyrrolidone to tris is 1:5:1.
Example 4
Uniformly stirring cement, aggregate, a water reducing agent and a coupling agent by using a high-speed stirring rod to obtain a mixed solution A, adding the modified waste concrete dispersion liquid obtained in the embodiment 1-3 into the mixed solution A, and uniformly stirring to obtain recycled concrete I, II and III; wherein the weight parts of the components are as follows: 30 parts of modified waste concrete, 30 parts of cement, 20 parts of aggregate, 3 parts of water reducing agent and 3 parts of coupling agent;
example 5
The preparation method of the recycled concrete is the same as that of example 4, and recycled concrete IV, V and VI are respectively obtained, and the difference is that the weight parts of the components are as follows: 35 parts of modified waste concrete, 35 parts of cement, 25 parts of aggregate, 4 parts of water reducing agent and 4 parts of coupling agent.
Example 6
The preparation method of the recycled concrete is the same as that of example 4, and the recycled concrete VII, VIII and IX are respectively obtained, except that the weight parts of the components are as follows: 40 parts of modified waste concrete, 40 parts of cement, 30 parts of aggregate, 5 parts of water reducing agent and 5 parts of coupling agent.
Example 7
The recycled concrete I to IX and ordinary concrete obtained in examples 4 to 5 were subjected to performance testing by making standard cubic test pieces of 150mm by 150mm, and the compressive strength and tensile strength of the test pieces were measured, and the specific data are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison table for testing recycled concrete and ordinary concrete
Compressive strength/MPa Tensile strengthstrength/MPa
50.21 3.98
49.98 3.87
52.54 3.91
51.34 4.01
50.26 3.99
48.35 4.25
53.56 4.31
54.25 4.20
55.36 4.33
Ordinary concrete 29.87 2.68
As can be seen from the detection results in Table 1, the recycled concrete obtained by the invention has excellent mechanical properties.
The present invention has been disclosed in terms of the preferred embodiment, but is not intended to be limited to the embodiment, and all technical solutions obtained by substituting or converting equivalents thereof fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a recycled concrete based on abandonment concrete which characterized in that: the composite material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of modified waste concrete, 30-40 parts of cement, 20-30 parts of aggregate, 3-5 parts of water reducing agent and 3-5 parts of coupling agent;
the preparation method of the modified waste concrete comprises the following steps:
s1 pretreatment of waste concrete: placing the waste concrete into a ball mill for ball milling, and sieving by a sieve of 80-100 meshes to obtain a crude product of the waste concrete; then dispersing the coarse product in water, and obtaining a fine product of the waste concrete through natural precipitation, filtration, roasting, cooling and grinding;
s2 acidification of waste concrete: soaking the fine product obtained in the step S1 in a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 1mol/L for 10-12 h, and washing, filtering, roasting, cooling and grinding to obtain an acidified product;
s3 modification of waste concrete: dispersing the acidification product obtained in the step S2 in water of 40-50 ℃ under high-speed stirring to obtain a suspension of the acidification product; dropwise adding a cerium dioxide nanoparticle solution into the suspension at a constant speed, continuously stirring for 12-24 h, standing, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging to remove supernatant, and drying in a 100-DEG C oven for later use; wherein the volume ratio of the cerium dioxide nano particle solution to the acidification product suspension is 15-20: 1, the concentration of the cerium dioxide nano particles is 5mol/L, and the dropping speed is 2 ml/s.
2. The recycled concrete based on waste concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the cement is one or a combination of Portland cement, ordinary Portland cement and pozzolana Portland cement.
3. The recycled concrete based on waste concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the aggregate is one or a combination of sea sand, sandstone and mountain sand.
4. The recycled concrete based on waste concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the water reducing agent is one or a combination of a calcium lignosulfonate water reducing agent, a melamine high-efficiency water reducing agent and an aliphatic high-efficiency water reducing agent.
5. The recycled concrete based on waste concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent KH-550 or a silane coupling agent KH-560.
6. The recycled concrete based on waste concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the preparation process of the cerium dioxide nano solution is as follows: mixing a cerium acetate solution and a polyvinylpyrrolidone solution, slowly dripping a tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution into the mixed solution in a 30-DEG constant-temperature magnetic stirring water bath, heating the magnetic stirring water bath to 60 DEG after dripping is finished, stirring and reacting for 2 hours to obtain a cerium dioxide nanoparticle solution, and then centrifuging, washing, drying and weighing the cerium dioxide nanoparticle solution for later use; wherein the molar concentration of cerium acetate in the mixed solution is 0.02mol/L, the mass concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 50g/L, the molar concentration of tris solution is 0.02mol/L, and the volume ratio of the cerium acetate solution to the polyvinylpyrrolidone to tris is 1:5:1.
7. The method for preparing recycled concrete based on waste concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the concrete process is as follows:
step one, preparing modified waste concrete:
s1 pretreatment of waste concrete: placing the waste concrete into a ball mill for ball milling, and sieving by a sieve of 80-100 meshes to obtain a crude product of the waste concrete; then dispersing the coarse product in water, and obtaining a fine product of the waste concrete through natural precipitation, filtration, roasting, cooling and grinding;
s2 acidification of waste concrete: soaking the fine product obtained in the step S1 in a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 1mol/L for 10-12 h, and washing, filtering, roasting, cooling and grinding to obtain an acidified product;
s3 modification of waste concrete: dispersing the acidification product obtained in the step S2 in water of 40-50 ℃ under high-speed stirring to obtain a suspension of the acidification product; dropwise adding a cerium dioxide nanoparticle solution into the suspension at a constant speed, continuously stirring for 12-24 h, standing, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging to remove supernatant, and drying in a 100-DEG C oven for later use; wherein the volume ratio of the cerium dioxide nano particle solution to the suspension of the acidification product is 15-20: 1, the concentration of the cerium dioxide nano particles is 5mol/L, and the dropping speed is 2 ml/s;
in step S3, the ceria nano-solution is prepared as follows: mixing a cerium acetate solution and a polyvinylpyrrolidone solution, slowly dripping a tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane solution into the mixed solution in a 30-DEG constant-temperature magnetic stirring water bath, heating the magnetic stirring water bath to 60 DEG after dripping is finished, stirring and reacting for 2 hours to obtain a cerium dioxide nanoparticle solution, and then centrifuging, washing, drying and weighing the cerium dioxide nanoparticle solution for later use; wherein the molar concentration of cerium acetate in the mixed solution is 0.02mol/L, the mass concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 50g/L, the molar concentration of tris solution is 0.02mol/L, and the volume ratio of the cerium acetate solution to the polyvinylpyrrolidone to tris is 1:5: 1;
and step two, uniformly stirring the cement, the aggregate, the water reducing agent and the coupling agent by using a high-speed stirring rod to obtain a mixed solution A, adding the modified waste concrete dispersion liquid into the mixed solution A, and uniformly stirring to obtain the recycled concrete.
CN202010084497.5A 2020-02-10 2020-02-10 Recycled concrete based on waste concrete and preparation method thereof Pending CN111233398A (en)

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Application publication date: 20200605