CN111233099A - Membrane stack capable of being automatically assembled and disassembled and used for treating radioactive wastewater - Google Patents
Membrane stack capable of being automatically assembled and disassembled and used for treating radioactive wastewater Download PDFInfo
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- CN111233099A CN111233099A CN201910245458.6A CN201910245458A CN111233099A CN 111233099 A CN111233099 A CN 111233099A CN 201910245458 A CN201910245458 A CN 201910245458A CN 111233099 A CN111233099 A CN 111233099A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/006—Radioactive compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/14—Maintenance of water treatment installations
Abstract
The invention provides an automatically detachable membrane stack for treating radioactive wastewater, which comprises membrane partition plates (1), membranes (2) and a membrane collecting mechanism, wherein the membranes (2) pass through the upper ends or the lower ends of two adjacent membrane partition plates (1) to separate the adjacent membrane partition plates (1) through the membranes; and the membrane is continuously slid by pulling the automatic membrane collecting mechanism, so that the aim of automatically and continuously installing or disassembling the membrane is fulfilled, the direct contact between an operator and a membrane stack is avoided, and the radioactive hazard of radioactive wastewater, especially the radioactive hazard of high-radioactive wastewater in nuclear wastewater, is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of radioactive wastewater treatment, in particular to a membrane stack capable of being automatically assembled and disassembled and used for radioactive wastewater treatment.
Background
The emphasis of radioactive wastewater treatment technology is to increase the decontamination factor of radioactive wastewater, to keep the concentration of radioactive nuclides in the discharged water as low as possible, and to keep the volume of radioactive concentrated solution as small as possible.
The rising of the membrane technology provides a new choice for radioactive wastewater treatment. Ultrafiltration, microfiltration, reverse osmosis membrane treatment, electrodialysis, etc. are all common methods for radioactive wastewater treatment. Flat sheet membrane stacks are an effective unit for water treatment because they have the advantages of easy processing, contamination resistance, good cleaning, long life, etc., and are the main component of electrically driven membrane applications (including electrolysis, electrodialysis, diffusion dialysis, displacement electrodialysis, bipolar membrane electrodialysis, electrodeionization, fluid cells, etc.), pressure membrane applications (including microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, etc.), and the like.
Flat sheet membrane stacks are typically membrane elements consisting of membranes, membrane separators, pole plates, clamping plates, etc.
Because radioactive wastewater has radioactive hazards, particularly high-radioactive wastewater in nuclear wastewater has higher hazard, how to realize automatic loading, unloading and replacement of a membrane stack in the field of radioactive wastewater treatment and realize automatic membrane replacement without replacing a membrane partition plate is a problem which is very concerned by researchers;
in addition, elements, particularly membranes, damaged in the use process of the membrane stack for treating radioactive wastewater cannot be well treated, secondary pollution is caused to human environment, and the membrane stack is also a problem which is valued by researchers.
In addition, the traditional membrane separator adopts a plastic injection or extrusion molded film product as a frame, for example, in patent "cn201520529690. x," a separator for an electrodialysis device, "a clamping net is inserted between a water distribution flow channel and a liquid guide hole, a water outlet is arranged on an outer frame, PP, PE, silicone rubber, etc. is usually adopted, the thickness of the separator is 0.5-1.5 mm, and the separator is sealed by the extrusion of the membrane and the clamping plate in the application process to ensure that the water in the separator does not leak to the outside (external seepage) and that the water in different cells does not leak to each other (internal seepage). However, the separator is limited by the processing precision, material performance, operation level and other reasons, and is difficult to ensure that no internal seepage and external seepage are generated, which causes the performance reduction of the membrane stack, and the application of the separator in special fields such as radioactive wastewater treatment is limited. At present, the sealing performance of the membrane stack is improved only by changing the material performance, increasing the sealing edge width, improving the extrusion condition and the like, but the problems of water leakage and electric leakage are not solved fundamentally.
Moreover, the membrane stack formed by the traditional membrane partition plates has the defects of heavy equipment, complex application, inconvenience for installation, maintenance and membrane replacement, strict water inlet conditions, and complex process due to the fact that a great amount of pretreatment and aftertreatment are needed to realize a membrane process.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a membrane stack for radioactive wastewater treatment that can be automatically assembled, disassembled and replaced, and can prevent both internal and external infiltration.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies and, as a result, have found that: the membrane stack capable of being automatically assembled and disassembled and used for treating radioactive wastewater comprises membrane partition plates 1, membranes 2 and a membrane collecting mechanism, wherein the number of the membrane partition plates 1 is N, and N is an integer greater than 1;
the membrane 2 sequentially passes through the upper end of one end membrane partition plate 1, the lower end of a membrane partition plate adjacent to the end membrane partition plate and the upper end of a third adjacent membrane partition plate, two adjacent membrane partition plates are arranged at intervals through the membrane, and the steps are repeated, and the membrane 2 and the membrane partition plates 1 can be in sliding fit;
the membrane collecting mechanism is arranged at one end or two ends of the membrane stack along the Y-axis direction and is fixedly connected with the membrane 2, the membrane 2 continuously slides at the upper end and the lower end of the membrane partition board 1 through pulling of the membrane collecting mechanism, and the membrane 2 is installed or disassembled, so that the aim of automatically and continuously disassembling the membrane or replacing the membrane or installing the membrane is fulfilled, direct contact between an operator and the membrane stack is avoided, radioactive hazards are avoided, and the invention is completed.
The object of the present invention is to provide the following:
in a first aspect, the invention provides an automatically detachable film stack, which comprises film separators 1, films 2 and a film collecting mechanism, wherein the number of the film separators 1 is N, and N is an integer greater than 1;
the membrane 2 sequentially passes through the upper end of one end membrane partition plate 1, the lower end of a membrane partition plate adjacent to the end membrane partition plate and the upper end of a third adjacent membrane partition plate, two adjacent membrane partition plates are arranged at intervals through the membrane, and the steps are repeated, and the membrane 2 and the membrane partition plates 1 can be in sliding fit;
the film collecting mechanism is arranged at one end or two ends of the film stack along the Y axis and is fixedly connected with the film 2, and the film 2 continuously slides at the upper end and the lower end of the film separator 1 by pulling the film collecting mechanism, so that the film 2 is installed or detached.
In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a method for automatically loading and unloading a film, preferably an automatically loadable and unloadable film stack according to the first aspect, the method comprising the steps of:
pulling apart the adjacent membrane separators 1; opening the film collecting mechanism to enable the film to continuously slide through the upper end and the lower end of the adjacent film partition plates until the film is completely installed; the membrane 2 and the membrane separator 1 are pressed until the membrane stack can be used.
The membrane stack capable of being automatically assembled and disassembled and used for treating radioactive wastewater provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the membrane stack provided by the invention can realize continuous automatic loading, unloading and replacement of the membrane, so that on one hand, the working efficiency is improved, and the cost is reduced; on the other hand, the operator can be far away from radioactive wastewater, particularly high-radioactive wastewater in nuclear wastewater, so that radioactive hazard is avoided;
(2) the membrane stack provided by the invention can realize that only the membrane is replaced without replacing the diaphragm plate (the membrane is replaced without damaging the membrane partition plate), and the production cost is greatly reduced;
(3) the membrane stack provided by the invention has few scrapped elements and greatly reduces secondary pollution; the used film can be incinerated at high temperature, and heavy metal elements (including nuclear elements) adsorbed in the film can be recovered;
(4) the membrane stack provided by the invention can avoid internal leakage and external leakage, can be used for treating radioactive wastewater, not only ensures the consistency of the performance of the membrane stack, but also avoids radioactive hazards caused by the internal leakage or the external leakage of the radioactive wastewater;
(5) the membrane stack provided by the invention is convenient to operate and beneficial to popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a front view of an automatically loadable and unloadable film stack when it is deployed;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a state in which the membrane separator of FIG. 1 is expanded after being added;
FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of a portion of the stack of FIG. 1 when deployed; (ii) a
FIG. 4 shows a state diagram of the membrane stack of FIG. 1 after compression;
FIG. 5 shows a state diagram of the stack of FIG. 2 after compression;
FIG. 6(1) shows a membrane separator diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 6(2) and 6(3) show schematic diagrams of membrane spacers with large and small seal grooves (rollers not shown);
FIG. 7(1) shows the membrane stack of FIG. 4 including a partially enlarged top view;
fig. 7(2) is an enlarged view of the area B in fig. 7(1), which is a schematic view of the state of the corresponding water inlet holes or the corresponding water outlet holes in parallel;
FIG. 7(3) is an enlarged view of the region C in FIG. 7 (1);
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the series connection of the corresponding inlet holes or outlet holes according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a film formed by attaching the film A and the film C at intervals on a lining cloth according to another embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10(1) is a partial schematic view of a membrane separator of the present invention with a snap fit;
FIG. 10(2) shows a schematic representation of an adjacent membrane separator of the present invention after fastening;
FIG. 11(1) is a schematic view showing that the membrane in the membrane stack is a cation exchange membrane for treating radioactive wastewater in the invention;
FIG. 11(2) is a schematic diagram showing the processing result of the membrane stack in FIG. 11 (1).
Description of the reference numerals
1-Membrane separator
11-frame
111-Large seal groove
112-Small sealing groove
12-inner net
113-water inlet
113' -water inlet pipe
114-water outlet
114' -outlet pipe
2-film
3-roll releasing mechanism I
3' -rolling mechanism II
4-roller
5-first platen
6-second platen
7-drive rod
8-guide rail
9-connecting piece
20-baffle plate
30-fastener
301-insert
302-receptor
Detailed Description
The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and appreciated from the following detailed description of the invention.
The present invention is described in detail below.
According to a first aspect of the invention, an automatically-detachable film stack is provided, which comprises film separators 1, films 2 and a film collecting mechanism, wherein the number of the film separators 1 is N, and N is an integer greater than 1;
the membrane 2 sequentially passes through the upper end of one end membrane partition plate 1, the lower end of a membrane partition plate adjacent to the end membrane partition plate and the upper end of a third adjacent membrane partition plate, two adjacent membrane partition plates are arranged at intervals through the membrane, and the steps are repeated, and the membrane 2 and the membrane partition plates 1 can be in sliding fit;
the film collecting mechanism is arranged at one end or two ends of the film stack along the Y-axis direction, is fixedly connected with the film 2, and enables the film 2 to continuously slide at the upper end and the lower end of the film separator 1 through pulling of the film collecting mechanism, so that the film 2 is installed or detached, as shown in the figures 1 and 2.
In fig. 1, one end of the membrane separator in the Z-axis direction is referred to as an upper end; then, the other end of the membrane separator is called the lower end; the Y-axis direction is one end of the membrane stack, and the negative Y-axis direction is the other end of the membrane stack.
Wherein the direction along the X-axis is the rear side of the membrane stack (or membrane separator); the negative X-axis direction is the front side of the stack as shown in fig. 7 (1).
In the invention, the end membrane partition plates refer to membrane partition plates arranged at two ends of the membrane stack along the Y-axis direction.
In the traditional membrane stack, a plurality of membranes and a plurality of membrane clapboards are arranged at intervals, so that the membrane is inconvenient to replace, and the membrane stack can be abandoned or only manually replaced one by one; the membrane stack for treating radioactive wastewater contains a large amount of radioactive substances, and for operators, the membrane stack is very dangerous if the membrane stack is simply disassembled or replaced manually;
after a great deal of research and experiments, the inventor surprisingly finds that the traditional interval arrangement of a plurality of membranes and a plurality of membrane partition plates can be designed into a whole membrane to separate the adjacent membrane partition plates, namely, the membrane passes through the upper end or the lower end of the adjacent membrane partition plate to separate the adjacent membrane partition plates, and the membrane continuously slides by pulling the automatic membrane collecting mechanism, so that the aim of automatically and continuously disassembling the membrane or replacing the membrane or installing the membrane is fulfilled, the direct contact between an operator and a membrane stack is avoided, and radioactive hazards are avoided;
specifically, the arrangement of a single membrane and a plurality of membrane spacers is such that the membrane passes over the upper end of a membrane spacer, then moves downwardly over the lower end of an adjacent membrane spacer, then moves upwardly over the upper end of the next membrane spacer, and so on in a cyclic fashion, forming a spaced arrangement of membranes and membrane spacers, as shown with reference to fig. 1 and 2.
In the present invention, the number of membrane separators can be increased as required, and fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of fig. 1 with several membrane separators added.
In one embodiment, the upper end and/or the lower end of the membrane partition board 1 is configured to be circular arc, preferably, the upper end and/or the lower end of the membrane partition board 1 is provided with a roller 4, more preferably, the rollers 4 of two adjacent membrane partition boards 1 are configured at different ends;
and the film collecting mechanism comprises a roller releasing mechanism I3 and/or a roller collecting mechanism II3' which are respectively arranged at two ends of the film stack along the Y-axis direction.
In a preferred embodiment, two sides of the upper end or the lower end of the membrane partition plate are provided with brackets, the brackets are provided with fixed shafts, and the rolling shafts 4 are sleeved on the peripheries of the fixed shafts; the protective film and the slippage of the film are facilitated;
the inventors have found that it is preferable to provide rollers at different ends of the membrane separator 1 because the membrane is drawn to slip (or move) while passing through the membrane separator to ensure that the membrane is not damaged and to reduce friction; so as to ensure that when the adjacent membrane partition plates are pressed together, the adjacent membrane partition plates cannot be pressed because the rolling shaft 4 is too large.
The inventor also finds that the film collecting mechanism is a roller mechanism, can drag the film to move, can roll the film on the roller structure, and saves space.
More preferably, a roller mechanism, i.e., a roll releasing mechanism I3 and/or a roll receiving mechanism II3', is provided at one end or both ends of the film stack along the Y-axis, as shown in fig. 1. The roller releasing mechanism I3 and the roller collecting mechanism II3' can be rotated according to the requirement.
In one embodiment, the automatically detachable film stack further comprises a pressing mechanism which comprises a first pressing plate 5 and a second pressing plate 6 which are arranged at two ends of the film stack along the Y-axis direction, preferably, the first pressing plate 5 and the second pressing plate 6 are fixedly connected with the adjacent film partition boards 1;
the pressing mechanism further comprises a transmission rod 7 connected with the first pressing plate 5 and the second pressing plate 6, and the transmission rod 7 can enable the second pressing plate 6 to move towards the first pressing plate 5 or move reversely through rotation; i.e. the distance between the first and second platens 5, 6 can be varied, and the distance between adjacent membrane separators 1 can be varied, as shown with reference to figure 1.
In a preferred embodiment, the transmission rod 7 is a threaded rod, which is fixedly connected to the first pressure plate 5 via a bearing and to the second pressure plate 6 via a threaded hole. More preferably, the number of the transmission rods 7 is four, and the transmission rods are symmetrically distributed, as shown in fig. 1.
More preferably, a clearance is left between the transmission rod 7 and the membrane barrier 1, so that the transmission rod does not hit the membrane barrier when it is rotated.
The inventor finds that the adjacent membrane partition plates can be pulled apart and the membranes and the membrane partition plates can be compressed through the compressing mechanism, so that the membranes can be automatically disassembled or replaced.
Further, the transmission rod 7 is controlled by a motor arranged on the first pressing plate 5; the motor is started, the transmission rod can rotate, and forward rotation and reverse rotation of the transmission rod can be achieved. When the transmission rod rotates forwards, the distance between the first pressing plate and the second pressing plate can be increased, so that the distance between adjacent membrane partition plates can be increased, and all the membrane partition plates 1 are pulled open; when the transfer line antiport, the distance between first clamp plate and the second clamp plate can reduce, and then the distance between the adjacent membrane baffle can reduce, and then compresses tightly membrane and membrane baffle. With reference to the pressed state shown in fig. 4 and 5, the membrane and the membrane separator are completely pressed to form a membrane stack that can be used, wherein fig. 5 is a view of the pressed state of fig. 4 with the addition of several membrane separators.
In a preferred embodiment, the pressing mechanism further comprises two guide rails 8 which are fixed on both sides of the lower end of the first pressing plate 5 and are parallel to the transmission rod 7, respectively, and the second pressing plate 6 and the film separator 1 can move on the guide rails 8, as shown in fig. 1, 2, 4 and 5.
More preferably, the two sides of the lower end of the second pressure plate are provided with slide blocks which can slide on the guide rail; and sliding blocks are also arranged on two sides of the lower end of the membrane partition plate and can slide on the guide rails.
The inventor finds that the arrangement of the guide rail greatly reduces the resistance, and is more favorable for pulling away the membrane partition plate or pressing the membrane partition plate.
In a preferred embodiment, the two adjacent membrane spacers 1 are coupled together by a connecting piece 9, and the movement of one membrane spacer 1 can bring about the movement of the adjacent membrane spacer 1. The connecting piece 9 comprises a chain or a rope or a cloth belt; namely, the adjacent membrane clapboards can be connected by chains or ropes or cloth belts; more preferably, four brackets protruding outwards are symmetrically distributed on the front side and the rear side of each membrane partition (i.e. two ends of the membrane partition along the X-axis direction) to fix the connecting piece 9. Refer to fig. 1, 2, 3, 7(1) and 7 (3).
Wherein the rear side of the membrane separator is along the X-axis direction; the front side is in the negative X-axis direction as shown in fig. 7 (1).
The inventor finds that the connecting piece not only enables the membrane partition plates to be evenly stressed but also can drive the adjacent membrane partition plates to move when the membrane partition plates are pulled.
In a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 5, the front side and the rear side of the film stack are further provided with a baffle 20 parallel to the threaded rod, one end of the baffle is fixedly connected with the first pressing plate, and the baffle is provided with a groove which can be used in cooperation with a protrusion arranged on the film partition;
the inventor finds that the baffle plates can fix the membrane partition plate between the two baffle plates when the membrane partition plate moves, and the membrane partition plate is prevented from deviating from a membrane stack.
In a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 6(1), 6(2) and 6(3), wherein the roller 4 is not shown in fig. 6(2), 6(3), the membrane separator 1 comprises an outer frame 11, which is open at the middle part and provided with grooves at the edges thereof, and an inner mesh 12 can be embedded in the grooves;
one surface of the outer frame is called an A surface and is provided with a large sealing groove 111, the other surface of the outer frame is called a B surface and is provided with a small sealing groove 112, the large sealing groove and the small sealing groove are respectively arranged on the periphery of an opening for accommodating the inner net, and the large sealing groove is positioned outside the small sealing groove; sealing rings are respectively arranged in the large sealing groove and the small sealing groove;
the membranes pass through the surface A and the surface B of the membrane separator respectively, the two membranes are sealed to the surface A and the surface B of the membrane separator through the sealing rings in the large sealing groove and the sealing rings in the small sealing groove by the other two membrane separators respectively, and a sealing space is formed between the two membranes and the middle opening of the outer frame;
the inventor surprisingly finds that the membrane partition plate can realize the sealing between two membranes and the membrane partition plate, cannot cause the internal seepage and the external seepage, and is suitable for treating radioactive wastewater; more importantly, the membrane separator of the present invention can be adapted to the particular form of installation of the membrane of the present invention.
In a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 6(1), 6(2), and 6(3), a water inlet 113 or a water outlet 114 communicating with the central opening is opened at the front side and/or the rear side of the membrane partition 1 (i.e. at one end or both ends of the membrane partition 1 along the X-axis direction), and a water inlet 113 'or a water outlet 114' is connected thereto; preferably, the water inlet or outlet is parallel to the roller 4;
in one embodiment, the respective plurality of water inlet holes may be connected in parallel by a water inlet pipe, and the respective plurality of water outlet holes may be connected in parallel by a water outlet pipe; refer to fig. 7(1) and fig. 7 (2); for example, a plurality of dense water inlet openings can be connected in parallel, a plurality of fresh water inlet openings can be connected in parallel, and likewise, a plurality of dense water outlet openings can be connected in parallel, and a plurality of fresh water outlet openings can be connected in parallel.
In another embodiment, the water inlet and the water outlet are connected in series through a water inlet pipe or a water outlet pipe, for example, concentrated water from one membrane cavity is connected with the water inlet of a third membrane cavity at intervals through the water outlet pipe; as shown with reference to fig. 8.
It should be noted that, when the water treatment device is connected in parallel, the water treatment flux is large; and when connected in series, the concentrated water is made more concentrated, but the treatment flux is reduced.
The present inventors found that the arrangement of the water inlet hole and the water outlet hole does not interfere with the arrangement and movement of the membrane, and thus, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are disposed at the front side or the rear side of the membrane partition (i.e., both ends of the membrane partition in the X-axis direction).
In the present invention, the membrane comprises a hydrophobic membrane, a pressure membrane or an ion exchange membrane; the hydrophobic membrane comprises a membrane used in membrane absorption and membrane distillation, wherein the membrane absorption and the membrane distillation are membrane separation technologies; the hydrophobic membrane also comprises a pervaporation membrane and an aeration membrane; the pressure membrane comprises membranes used in microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration, a reverse osmosis membrane and a forward osmosis membrane; the ion exchange membrane comprises an anion exchange membrane, a cation exchange membrane and a bipolar membrane, wherein the bipolar membrane is also called a bipolar membrane, is a special ion exchange membrane and is an anion and cation composite membrane prepared by compounding one cation exchange membrane and one anion exchange membrane;
the membrane in the present invention may be one type of membrane, for example, all membranes for nanofiltration or all ion exchange membranes;
in the present invention, when the film is insufficient, the length of the film can be increased by adhesion; and the operator does not need to come into direct contact with the stack to complete the bonding.
The invention can also be a plurality of types of membranes, such as interval arrangement of Cation exchange membranes (called as Cation exchange membranes for short) and Anion exchange membranes (called as Anion exchange membranes for short) and the specific realization method is as follows: films a and C having predetermined sizes are attached to a long piece of lining cloth at intervals, as shown in fig. 9.
In the invention, the electrode plates can also be arranged on the membrane separators at the two ends of the membrane stack along the Y-axis direction, so that the membrane stack can realize the electrodialysis function.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the membrane separator 1 may further be provided with a fastener 30; preferably, referring to fig. 10(1) and 10(2), the clip 30 includes an insert 301 and a receptor 302, the insert 301 has a plurality of protrusions thereon, and the receptor 302 has grooves thereon. The front and rear sides of the membrane partitions are symmetrically provided with snaps 30, and the insert is inserted into the recipient and snapped when adjacent membrane partitions are pressed. The snap material is not particularly limited, and among them, the receptor 302 is preferably made of an elastic material.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of automatically handling a film, preferably an automatically handling film stack according to the first aspect, comprising the steps of:
pulling apart the adjacent membrane separators 1; opening the film collecting mechanism to enable the film to continuously slide through the upper end and the lower end of the adjacent film partition plates until the film is completely installed; the membrane 2 and the membrane separator 1 are pressed until the membrane stack can be used.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
the motor is started, the transmission rod 7 is rotated, the second pressing plate 6 slides towards the direction far away from the first pressing plate (1), when the membrane partition plates 1 connected with the second pressing plate 6 are pulled away under the driving of the second pressing plate 6, the adjacent membrane partition plates 1 are pulled away through the connecting piece 9, the same process is repeated, and all the membrane partition plates 1 are sequentially pulled away along with the gradual increase of the distance between the second pressing plate 6 and the first pressing plate 5;
opening the roller releasing mechanism I3 and the roller collecting mechanism II3 'to enable the film 2 to sequentially pass through the upper end and the lower end of the adjacent film partition plates to continuously slide, enabling the used film to be wound on the roller collecting mechanism II3', and correspondingly installing a new film;
and (3) opening a reverse motor, reversely rotating the transmission rod 7, moving the second pressing plate 6 to the first pressing plate 5, and simultaneously driving the film partition plate 1 and the film 2 to slide to the first pressing plate 5 by the second pressing plate 6 to gradually compress the film 2 and the film partition plate 1.
Further, the connecting member 9 may be a chain, a rope or a cloth belt; refer to fig. 1 and 2;
in a preferred embodiment, the membrane separator is constructed as shown in fig. 6(1), fig. 6(2), and fig. 6 (3).
Preferably, the take-up roller mechanism II3' may be opened to wind up the film that is being grown, in case the film between adjacent film separators is too long, during the pressing of the film and the film separator.
It should be noted that, in the following description,
the initial installation of the membrane and membrane separator requires manual installation, specifically comprising the steps of:
step a, referring to fig. 1, connecting a pressing mechanism comprising a first pressing plate 5, a second pressing plate 6, a guide rail 8 and a transmission rod 7; placing the membrane partition board 1 provided with the rolling shaft 4 on the guide rail 8 at a certain distance; preferably, only one membrane partition plate at the same end of two adjacent membrane partition plates is provided with a roller 4;
b, contacting the film with a film collecting mechanism and arranging the film between adjacent film partition plates, and then fixing one end of the film with the film collecting mechanism; the film collecting mechanism comprises a roller releasing mechanism I3 and a roller collecting mechanism II 3'; preferably, one end of the film is fixedly connected with a roller-collecting mechanism II 3';
step c, connecting adjacent membrane partition plates through a connecting piece 9 (such as a chain or a rope); the baffle 20 is installed and the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are connected.
Manually operating to complete the installation of each component of the membrane stack; the operator can then proceed to the subsequent operation without direct contact with the stack.
Further, the operator only needs to turn on the motor which rotates the transmission rod reversely, the second pressing plate 6 can be pushed towards the first pressing plate 5, and then the film 2 and the film partition plate 1 are pressed to form a film stack which can be used.
In the later use process, the membrane can be very conveniently disassembled or assembled, an operator does not need to be in direct contact with the membrane stack, and the membrane can be realized only by operating according to the steps in the invention.
In the present invention, one end of the membrane partition is referred to as an upper end in the Z-axis direction; then, the other end of the membrane separator is called the lower end; and a first pressing plate and a second pressing plate are arranged along the Y-axis direction, as shown in FIG. 1;
the rear side of the membrane stack (or membrane separator) in the X-axis direction; the negative X-axis direction is the front side of the stack as shown in fig. 7 (1).
In the present invention, the automatically detachable membrane stack is mainly used for the treatment of radioactive wastewater, and therefore, an old membrane obtained when the membrane is replaced (the old membrane refers to a used membrane in which radioactive elements are likely to be adsorbed) can be calcined at a high temperature to be changed into a volatile gas, and the radioactive elements can be recovered.
Examples
Initial installation of a Membrane Stack for treatment of Radioactive wastewater
According to the schematic diagrams shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the pressing mechanism comprising the first pressing plate 5, the second pressing plate 6, the guide rail 8 and the transmission rod 7 is connected; placing the membrane partition board 1 provided with the rolling shaft 4 on the guide rail 8 at a certain distance; the adjacent membrane partition plates are connected through a connecting piece 9 (such as a chain or a rope);
sequentially passing the film through the upper end of the end film partition plate, the lower end of the adjacent film partition plate and the upper end of the third adjacent film partition plate, repeating the steps, manually installing the film, and then fixing one end of the film with a roller collecting mechanism II3' in the film collecting mechanism;
installing a baffle 20 and connecting a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe;
and (3) opening the reverse motor, rotating the transmission rod to enable the second pressing plate 6 to slide towards the first pressing plate 5, and gradually compressing the film partition plate and the film under the driving of the second pressing plate 6 to form a film stack capable of being used.
Specifically, the membrane used in the membrane stack is cation exchange membrane (cation exchange membrane for diffusion dialysis), and the membrane is 100m in volume2(ii) a The size specification of the used membrane partition plates is 400mm by 200mm, and the number of the membrane partition plates is 40.
Example 1 automated handling of membranes in a Membrane Stack for treatment of radioactive wastewater
The membrane stack obtained above is used for treating radioactive wastewater, and the feeding and discharging are shown in fig. 11(1), wherein the "ortho" is a treated water source, which is a high-acid high-level radioactive waste liquid (i.e. a waste liquid containing high-concentration acid and high-radioactive substances) generated by the post-treatment of spent fuel, and the composition conditions are as follows: 7mol/l of nitric acid; u (uranium) content 1g/l, activity:>109Bq/L, specifically shown as "ortho acid" in Table 1; in fig. 11(1), "positive" refers to "cation exchange membrane" (abbreviated as C membrane); and a cation exchange membrane is arranged between the dialysis chamber and the diffusion chamber, the residual acid is the acid obtained in the dialysis chamber, and the acid-producing acid is the acid obtained in the diffusion chamber. In addition, in fig. 11(1), the "raw water" is a high-salt low-level waste liquid.
In the invention, a peristaltic pump is adopted for feeding, wherein the flow rate of an ortho-acid pump is 16.6 mL/min; the flow rate of the raw water pump is 15.6 mL/min; after 2 hours of operation treatment, the produced acid and the residual acid effluent meet the index requirements (index requirements for the next step of treatment), which are specifically shown in table 1, table 2 and fig. 11(2) below, wherein the "raw acid", "raw water", "residual acid", "produced acid" in table 1, table 2 and fig. 11(2) are the same as those in fig. 11 (1). In FIG. 11(2), M+Mainly refers to UO2 2+。
TABLE 1 Water quality and recovery of acid salts from wastewater
Wherein Q is the processing capacity in liters/hour. The acid recovery of 86% was calculated as 7.33 x 0.90/(7 x 1.00+0.70 x 1.00); UO2(NO3)4 2-The recovery of 96% was calculated as 0.83 x 1.10/(0.90 x 1.00+0.05 x 1.00); UO2 2+The recovery of 80% was calculated as 0.44 × 1.10/(0.10 × 1.00+0.50 × 1.00).
TABLE 2 separation efficiency of acid from salt
As can be seen from Table 1, Table 2 and FIG. 11(2), in the "acid production", H+Concentration of and (UO)2(NO3)4 2-Concentration and UO2 2+The sum of the concentrations) is 43.1, which is improved by more than 6 times compared with the ratio 7 in the ortho-acid; in "residual acid" (UO)2(NO3)4 2-Concentration and UO2 2+Sum of concentrations) and H+The concentration ratio is 1.27, and is improved by 9 times compared with 0.14 in the ortho-acid; the recovery rate of total acid reaches 86%, and the recovery rate of total uranium reaches 89.8%. These data illustrate that: the acid and salt are well separated by the membrane stack treatment of the invention.
Continuously running for 100 days, the total treatment amount of the ortho-acid is 2.4m3Wherein the acid output capacity is up to 0.8L/(h.m)2) Reduced to 0.5L/(h.m)2) Then, an automatic film replacement program is started, and the method for automatically loading and unloading the film is as follows:
the motor is started, the transmission rod 7 is rotated, the second pressing plate 6 slides towards the direction far away from the first pressing plate 5, when the membrane partition plates connected with the second pressing plate 6 are pulled open under the driving of the second pressing plate, the adjacent membrane partition plates are pulled open through the connecting piece, the same process is repeated, and all the membrane partition plates are sequentially pulled open along with the gradual increase of the distance between the second pressing plate 6 and the first pressing plate 5;
opening the roller releasing mechanism I3 and the roller collecting mechanism II3 'to enable the film to sequentially pass through the upper end and the lower end of the adjacent film partition plates to continuously slide, enabling the used film to be wound on the roller collecting mechanism II3', and correspondingly installing a new film;
and (3) opening a reverse motor, reversely rotating the transmission rod 7, moving the second pressing plate 6 to the first pressing plate 5, and simultaneously driving the film partition plate 1 and the film 2 to slide to the first pressing plate 5 by the second pressing plate 6 to gradually compress the film 2 and the film partition plate 1 to form a film stack which can be used.
After the membrane is replaced, the acid production flux of the membrane reaches 0.8L/(h.m) again on the premise of meeting the water inlet and outlet indexes2)。
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper end", "lower end", "front side", "rear side", "a surface", "B surface", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the operation state of the present invention, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and illustrative examples, but the description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present invention and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The membrane stack capable of being automatically assembled and disassembled for treating radioactive wastewater is characterized by comprising N membrane partition plates (1), N membranes (2) and a membrane collecting mechanism, wherein N is an integer greater than 1;
the membrane (2) sequentially passes through the upper end of one end membrane partition plate (1), the lower end of a membrane partition plate adjacent to the end membrane partition plate and the upper end of a third adjacent membrane partition plate, two adjacent membrane partition plates are arranged at intervals through the membrane, and the steps are repeated, and the membrane (2) and the membrane partition plate (1) can be in sliding fit;
the film collecting mechanism is arranged at one end or two ends of the film stack along the Y-axis direction and is fixedly connected with the film (2), and the film (2) continuously slides at the upper end and the lower end of the film partition plate (1) through pulling of the film collecting mechanism, so that the film (2) is installed and detached.
2. The automatically detachable membrane stack according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper end or the lower end of the membrane partition plate (1) is arranged in a circular arc shape, preferably, the upper end and/or the lower end of the membrane partition plate (1) is provided with a roller (4) along the length direction of the end surface;
the film collecting mechanism comprises a roller releasing mechanism I (3) and a roller collecting mechanism II (3').
3. The automatically detachable membrane stack according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a hold-down mechanism comprising a first press plate (5) and a second press plate (6) arranged at both ends of the membrane stack along the Y-axis direction, preferably the first press plate (5) and the second press plate (6) are fixedly connected with the adjacent membrane partition (1);
the pressing mechanism further comprises a transmission rod (7) connected with the first pressing plate (5) and the second pressing plate (6), and the transmission rod (7) can enable the second pressing plate (6) to move towards the first pressing plate (5) or move in the opposite direction through rotation.
4. 3-self-loading and unloading membrane stack, according to claim 3, characterized in that the transmission rod (7) is a threaded rod, which is connected with the first press plate (5) by means of a bearing and with the second press plate (5) by means of a threaded hole.
5. The automatically removable film stack according to claim 4, wherein the pressing mechanism further comprises two guide rails (8) which are fixed on two sides of the lower end surface of the first pressing plate (5) and are parallel to the transmission rod (7), and the second pressing plate (6) and the film partition (1) can slide on the guide rails (8).
6. The stack of automatically removable membranes according to claim 5, wherein two adjacent membrane partitions (1) are connected by a connecting piece (9), enabling the sliding of the adjacent membrane partitions (1) by the sliding of one membrane partition (1).
7. The stack of automatically removable membranes according to claim 1, wherein the membrane separator (1) comprises an outer frame (11) open in the middle, provided with recesses at the edges of the opening, inside webs (12) being embeddable inside the recesses;
one surface of the outer frame (11) is called an A surface and is provided with a large sealing groove (111), the other surface of the outer frame is called a B surface and is provided with a small sealing groove (112), the large sealing groove (111) and the small sealing groove (112) are respectively arranged on the periphery of an opening for accommodating an inner net, and the large sealing groove is positioned outside the small sealing groove; and sealing rings are respectively arranged in the large sealing groove and the small sealing groove.
8. The membrane stack capable of being automatically assembled and disassembled according to claim 6, wherein one end or two ends of the membrane partition plate (1) along the X-axis direction is provided with a water inlet hole (113) or a water outlet hole (114) communicated with the middle opening, and is connected with a water inlet pipe (113') or a water outlet pipe (114');
preferably, the water inlet hole or the water outlet hole is parallel to the roller (4);
the corresponding plurality of water inlet holes or the corresponding plurality of water outlet holes can be connected in parallel.
9. Method for automatically handling films, preferably in the form of an automatically-removable film stack according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
pulling apart the adjacent membrane separators (1); opening the film collecting mechanism to enable the film to continuously slide through the upper end and the lower end of the adjacent film partition plates until the film is completely installed; the membrane (2) and the membrane separator (1) are pressed until the membrane stack can be used.
10. The method of automatically handling film as recited in claim 9,
rotating the transmission rod (7) to enable the second pressing plate (6) to slide towards the direction far away from the first pressing plate (1), when the membrane partition plates (1) connected with the second pressing plate (6) are pulled open under the driving of the second pressing plate (6), the adjacent membrane partition plates (1) are pulled open through the connecting piece (9), repeating the same process, and sequentially pulling open all the membrane partition plates (1) along with the gradual increase of the distance between the second pressing plate (6) and the first pressing plate (5);
starting the roll releasing mechanism I (3) and the roll collecting mechanism II (3') to enable the film (2) to continuously slide through the upper end and the lower end of the adjacent film partition plates in sequence, so that the used film is wound on the roll collecting mechanism II (3') and a new film is installed at the same time;
and (3) reversely rotating the transmission rod (7), so that the second pressing plate (6) moves towards the first pressing plate (5), and meanwhile, the second pressing plate (6) pushes the membrane partition plate (1) and the membrane (2) to slide towards the first pressing plate (5), and the membrane (2) and the membrane partition plate (1) are gradually pressed.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111634970A (en) * | 2020-06-13 | 2020-09-08 | 江苏启景环保技术有限公司 | Treatment process of oily heavy metal industrial wastewater |
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