CN111232010A - Gradient strength buffering energy-absorbing device - Google Patents
Gradient strength buffering energy-absorbing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111232010A CN111232010A CN202010076395.9A CN202010076395A CN111232010A CN 111232010 A CN111232010 A CN 111232010A CN 202010076395 A CN202010076395 A CN 202010076395A CN 111232010 A CN111232010 A CN 111232010A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F19/00—Wheel guards; Bumpers; Obstruction removers or the like
- B61F19/04—Bumpers or like collision guards
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Abstract
A gradient strength buffering energy-absorbing device comprises a flange plate, a skin, a mounting plate, a honeycomb block, a guide column and an energy-absorbing pipe; a skin, a honeycomb block, a guide column and an energy absorption pipe are arranged between the flange plate and the mounting plate; the one end and the ring flange rigid coupling of guide post, the other end stretch out the mounting panel and with mounting panel sliding fit, the honeycomb piece cover be in on the guide post and with ring flange or mounting panel rigid coupling, energy-absorbing pipe arrange along the circumference of guide post, energy-absorbing pipe is parallel with the axis of guide post, every energy-absorbing pipe arranges for the nested formula of multitube, every energy-absorbing pipe one end and ring flange or mounting panel rigid coupling, energy-absorbing outside of tubes portion is packaged with the covering, the upper and lower terminal surface of covering respectively with ring flange and mounting panel rigid coupling. The energy absorption structure combining the energy absorption pipes and the honeycomb blocks is adopted, so that the energy absorption is stable, the initial peak force is relatively small, the crushing force is controllable, and the energy absorption structure has a certain lateral bending resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an energy absorption device, belongs to the field of passive safety protection, and particularly relates to a gradient strength buffering energy absorption device.
Background
With the rapid development of science and technology, the transportation industry represented by high-speed rail trains has unprecedented progress, great convenience is provided for people to go out and live, but with the increase of the number of transportation tools and the increase of speed, the frequency of traffic accidents is greatly increased, and the loss of lives and properties caused by the frequency is also huge.
Therefore, as an important subject in the field of passive safety protection, collision buffering and energy absorption have been attracting much attention. When the traditional metal thin-wall structure is compressed axially, the load fluctuation is severe, the initial load is large, and when the traditional metal thin-wall structure is used as a vehicle energy absorption device, the large load can be transmitted to a passenger, so that the personal safety is not facilitated. Therefore, the reduction of the initial collision load and the improvement of the energy absorption device become important problems for the research of the passive safety protection of the vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a gradient strength buffering energy absorption device, which overcomes the defects of the prior art, adopts an energy absorption structure combining an energy absorption pipe and a honeycomb block, has stable energy absorption, relatively small initial peak force, controllable crushing force and certain lateral bending resistance.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a gradient strength buffering energy-absorbing device comprises a flange plate, a skin, a mounting plate, a honeycomb block, a guide column and N energy-absorbing pipes, wherein N is more than or equal to 3; a skin, a honeycomb block, a guide column and an energy absorption pipe are arranged between the flange plate and the mounting plate; the one end and the ring flange rigid coupling of guide post, the other end stretch out the mounting panel and with mounting panel sliding fit, the honeycomb piece cover be in on the guide post and with ring flange or mounting panel rigid coupling, a N energy-absorbing pipe is arranged along the circumference of guide post, and the energy-absorbing pipe is parallel with the axis of guide post, every the energy-absorbing pipe is arranged for the nested formula of multitube, every energy-absorbing pipe one end and ring flange or mounting panel rigid coupling, N energy-absorbing outside of tubes portion is packaged with the covering, the upper and lower terminal surface of covering respectively with ring flange and mounting panel rigid coupling.
Further, the distribution of the rigidity of each energy absorption pipe along the axial direction is controlled by the change of the thickness and the length of each layer of thin-walled pipe.
Further, the N energy absorption pipes have different section thickness changes along the axial compression direction.
Further, the dimensions of the honeycomb block cells gradually decrease along the axial compression direction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the energy absorption pipes are connected in a nested mode through the thin-wall circular pipes in a nested mode, so that the deformation mode and the crushing force process of the energy absorption pipes are effectively controlled, and the initial peak force is reduced. The cross section thickness of the energy-absorbing pipes is gradually increased along the axial direction, so that the rigidity gradient of the cross sections of the energy-absorbing pipes is increased, and the change of the integral rigidity of the energy-absorbing pipes is controlled by adjusting the thickness and the length of the thin-walled pipes nested in each energy-absorbing pipe, so that the stability of the crushing process is ensured.
2. The flange plate, the energy absorption pipe, the honeycomb block, the guide column, the skin and the mounting plate are assembled into an integral energy absorption device, and the honeycomb block is filled outside the guide column and connected with the flange plate, so that the honeycomb block and the energy absorption pipe can absorb energy together in the compression process; the energy absorption pipe with gradient rigidity and the honeycomb block are combined for energy absorption, and the guide column is arranged in the energy absorption pipe, so that the characteristics of high energy absorption and bending resistance of the energy absorption device are realized; the nested skin design reduces the impact on the internal energy absorbing tube.
3. The gradient energy absorption pipe and the honeycomb block are combined to absorb energy, the structure is simple, the processing and the manufacturing are easy, the manufacturing cost is low, the integral energy absorption is large, and the vehicle passive safety protection device can be used as the vehicle passive safety protection device. The working principle of the energy absorption device is not limited to an anti-climbing energy absorber, and the energy absorption device can be widely applied to the energy absorption and buffering in the field of passive safety protection of rail transit and other fields.
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description:
drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention with the skin and honeycomb blocks removed;
FIG. 2 is a schematic exterior view of an energy absorber device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the nested energy-absorbing tubes, guide posts, flange, and mounting plate in a layout relationship;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the skin with thin walled tubes nested alternately on the inner and outer surfaces;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a honeycomb block having progressively decreasing axial dimensions;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 4 at K;
FIG. 8 is a front view of the skin;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 8;
fig. 10 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 9 at H.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1-3, the gradient strength buffering energy-absorbing device of the present embodiment includes a flange 1, a skin 2, a mounting plate 3, a honeycomb block 4, a guide pillar 5, and N energy-absorbing pipes 6, where N is greater than or equal to 3;
a skin 2, a honeycomb block 4, a guide column 5 and an energy absorption pipe 6 are arranged between the flange plate 1 and the mounting plate 3; the one end and the 1 rigid coupling of ring flange of guide post 5, the other end stretch out mounting panel 3 and with 3 sliding fit of mounting panel, honeycomb piece 4 covers on the guide post 5 and with 1 or 3 rigid couplings of ring flange, N energy-absorbing pipe 6 is arranged along the circumference of guide post 5, and energy-absorbing pipe 6 is parallel with the axis of guide post 5, every energy-absorbing pipe 6 arranges for the nested formula of multitube to realize that cross-sectional rigidity changes along axial compression direction gradient, every 6 one end and 1 or the 3 rigid couplings of ring flange of energy-absorbing pipe, 6 outsides of N energy-absorbing pipe are packaged with covering 2, the upper and lower terminal surface of covering 2 respectively with 1 and 2 rigid couplings of mounting panel.
The guide post 5 has a guiding function, the honeycomb block 4 has a center hole, and the center hole is sleeved on the guide post and can slide. Four through holes are formed in the mounting plate 3 of the mounting plate 3 in the energy absorption device, and the mounting plate 3 is connected with the underframe of the vehicle body through bolts. When the energy absorption device works, when external force collides with the flange plate 1, the honeycomb block 4, the energy absorption pipe 6 and the skin 2 are axially deformed under the guidance of the guide post 5, and the energy absorption device realizes the characteristics of stable gradual energy absorption and bending resistance. By using the design method of the energy absorption pipe 6 in a nesting mode, the initial defects caused by processing can be reduced, the shape of the section of the energy absorption pipe 6 is not limited to a circle, and the application range of the energy absorption structure is expanded.
For convenience of use and assembly, the upper end surfaces of the guide posts 5 are connected with the lower end surface of the flange plate 1 in a welding mode. The guide post 5 is matched with the mounting plate to play a role in guiding, so that the lateral bending resistance of the energy absorption device is improved.
As shown in fig. 1, 3 and 4, each energy absorbing tube 6 is a stepped tube formed by nesting thin-wall tubes, and adjacent thin-wall tubes are connected together. Because a certain small gap exists between the adjacent thin-wall pipes, the change of the axial compression rigidity is influenced, and the outer wall and the inner wall of the adjacent thin-wall pipes are connected together, so that the integrity of the energy-absorbing pipe 6 is improved. Preferably, the adjacent thin-walled tubes are connected by glue joint, so that the connection is convenient and reliable, and the friction slippage of the surfaces of the thin-walled tubes in the compression deformation process is also prevented. The energy absorption tube obtained by nesting and combining the thin-wall tubes has gradient strength, so that the section thickness of the energy absorption tube 6 is gradually increased along the axial direction, and the section rigidity gradient of the energy absorption tube is increased.
Further, the distribution of the rigidity of each energy absorption pipe 6 along the axial direction is controlled by the change of the thickness and the length of each layer of thin-walled pipe. The thickness and the length of each thin-walled tube in each energy absorption tube are adjusted to control the change of the integral rigidity of the plurality of energy absorption tubes 6, so that the stability of the crushing process is ensured.
Further, the N energy absorption tubes 6 have different section thickness changes along the axial compression direction. The combined use of a plurality of energy-absorbing pipes 6 with different rigidity gradient changes is realized, the optimized configuration of the integral rigidity of the structure is improved, the integral rigidity change of the energy-absorbing device is more stable, and the energy-absorbing process is more stable. The cross section of the energy absorbing pipe 6 is not limited to a circular pipe, and may be a square pipe or a tapered pipe. No matter which form of the energy-absorbing pipe 6 is based on the nested combination principle, the section thickness is gradually increased along the axial direction, so that the section rigidity gradient of the energy-absorbing pipe is increased, and the characteristics of high-efficiency stable gradual energy absorption and bending resistance are realized.
As shown in fig. 1, as an embodiment, the number of the energy absorbing pipes 6 is selected to be 4, four energy absorbing pipes 6 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the guide post 5 relative to the guide post 5, and the four energy absorbing pipes 6 are all parallel to the axis of the guide post 5. Take a thin-walled circular tube as an example: according to the scheme, the energy absorption tube 6 in the energy absorption device can be cut into thin-wall round tubes with different lengths by adopting a linear cutting method, the inner diameter gradient of the round tubes is increased, the round tubes can be installed in a nested mode, and in order to prevent the friction slippage of the surfaces of the round tubes in the compression deformation process, all layers of thin-wall tubes are bonded together in an adhesive mode.
According to the energy absorption tube 6 in the energy absorption device, the rigidity of the energy absorption tube is controlled by controlling the length and the thickness of each layer of thin-wall circular tube of the energy absorption tube 6, and the initial peak force of collision is reduced.
According to the energy absorption tubes 6 in the energy absorption device, the stiffness of each energy absorption tube 6 is changed differently along the axial compression direction, the overall stiffness (compared with a single energy absorption tube) is changed more stably along the axial direction due to the combined arrangement of the four energy absorption tubes, and the overall energy absorption process is more stable.
As shown in fig. 1-4, preferably, the guide posts 5 are fixedly connected to the flange 1, the honeycomb block 4 is fixedly connected to the flange 1, one end of each of the plurality of tubes nested on each of the energy-absorbing tubes 6 is flush, and the flush end is fixedly connected to the mounting plate 3, and the section stiffness of each of the energy-absorbing tubes 6 increases in a gradient manner along a compression direction from the flange 1 to the mounting plate 3.
Taking three thin-wall circular tubes as an example, as shown in fig. 4 and 7, a long thin-wall circular tube 61, a middle thin-wall circular tube 62 and a short thin-wall circular tube 63 are arranged from top to bottom; the three pipes are flush with the end face of the mounting plate 3, the flush end is fixedly connected with the mounting plate 3, the three thin-wall circular pipes are mutually nested, adjacent pipes are bonded together by adopting an adhesive, and the end part of the long thin-wall circular pipe 61 is in contact with or slightly lower than the lower end face of the flange plate 1, so that when an external force collides with the flange plate 1, firstly, the long thin-wall circular pipe 61 with a thinner pipe wall is smaller in rigidity and firstly deforms, the thickness of the overlapped part of the three pipes is integrally larger, the rigidity is larger and is not easy to deform, and the mounting plate 3 is connected with a vehicle body chassis, so that the rigidity change of the section of the energy absorption device is stable under the action of the external force collision, the stable gradual energy absorption is realized, the crushing. The method for connecting all layers of thin-wall circular tubes in the energy absorption tube 6 by using the adhesive comprises the following steps: firstly, the inner wall and the outer wall of the circular tube are processed, and generally sand paper polishing or ultrasonic cleaning is carried out after acid and alkali solution soaking so as to remove stains and oxidation films on the metal wall, thereby increasing the effective combination area. After the bonding is finished, the thin-wall circular pipes are kept at room temperature or a certain temperature for a period of time to realize the connection between the thin-wall circular pipes. The energy absorption structure has designability of rigidity, the energy absorption pipe 6 designed by using a nesting mode can realize the designability of the rigidity of the section of the energy absorption pipe along the axial compression direction according to the size of a thin-wall circular pipe in the nested pipe, and the application range of the energy absorption structure is expanded. Preferably, the thickness of the thin-wall tube in each energy absorption tube 6 is 1mm-4 mm.
On the basis of the energy absorption pipe 6 which is designed in a nested combination mode, the honeycomb block 4 is optimized, and particularly the cell size of the honeycomb block 4 is gradually reduced along the axial compression direction. The diversity of the energy absorption modes of the whole structure is realized, and the energy absorption modes comprise buckling, crushing and energy absorption of an energy absorption pipe and telescoping energy absorption of a honeycomb block;
further, as shown in fig. 6, the honeycomb blocks 4 are formed by stacking a plurality of layers of honeycomb energy-absorbing blocks with different sizes, and the adjacent layers of honeycomb energy-absorbing blocks are connected through the partition plates 41. The technical effect is realized that the total compression load gradient is increased, so that the whole energy absorption process is more stable. The honeycomb block 4 is processed into honeycomb energy absorption pipes with different sizes by adopting a linear cutting method, the honeycomb energy absorption pipes are gradually reduced along the axial compression direction according to the size of the honeycomb cell, the strength gradient increase of the internally filled honeycomb is realized, and the energy absorption process is more stable. Preferably, the following steps: the honeycomb block 4 is connected with the partition plate 41 in an adhesive mode, and the honeycomb block 4 is connected with the flange plate 1 in an adhesive mode, so that vibration of the honeycomb block in the compression process is prevented. Preferably, as shown in fig. 6, three layers of honeycomb energy absorption blocks with different sizes are designed, the shapes of the cells of the honeycomb are regular hexagons, the size of the aluminum honeycomb is gradually reduced along the axial compression direction to ensure that the strength is gradually increased, and meanwhile, the configuration of the honeycomb blocks is set according to the overall energy absorption requirement of the energy absorption device.
The honeycomb energy absorption block which is gradually reduced along the axial compression direction is processed by a linear cutting method and is connected with the flange plate, so that the rigidity of the bottom of the integral energy absorption structure is greater than that of the top, and the initial peak force of collision is reduced. The honeycomb block 4 has various energy absorption forms, various energy absorption structures are reasonably combined, the advantages and mechanical properties of various materials are fully exerted and integrated, the bearing capacity is independent, the energy absorption capacity is high, the requirement of axial compression energy absorption is met, the integral crushing force process of the energy absorption structure can be designed, and the advantages of compression energy absorption of the energy absorption device under the complex environment are achieved. In the collision process, the energy absorption tubes are compressed and buckled to absorb energy and the aluminum honeycomb is folded and deformed to absorb energy, so that the energy absorption efficiency of the structure is improved, and the integral rigidity of the structure is reduced along the compression direction in a gradient manner, so that the energy absorption process is more stable.
On the basis of the design of the nested energy absorption tube 6 and the honeycomb block 4, the skin 2 is optimally designed, and the skin 2 is a tubular structure with thin-walled tubes alternately nested on the inner surface and the outer surface and alternately changing in section thickness. The skin 2 adopts the variable cross-section thickness design, realizes the alternate change of the cross-section rigidity, effectively controls the deformation mode and the crushing process of the skin 2, and prevents the compression of the internal energy absorption tube 6 from being influenced by the irregular deformation of the skin 2.
Taking the nesting of the thin-wall square tubes as an example, as shown in fig. 5, 8, 9 and 10, the skin adopts a design of alternately nesting the inner side and the outer side of two layers of thin-wall square tubes 21, so that the thickness of the skin 2 is alternately changed along the axial compression direction, the deformation mode of the skin 2 is effectively controlled, and the influence of the deformation of the skin 2 on the energy absorption tube 6 is weakened. Preferably, the skin 2 is nested and bonded with the tube body by using the plurality of thin-wall square tubes 21, so that cracking and frictional slippage among layers of the nested tubes are avoided in the compression process, the thickness of the cross section of the skin is changed alternately, the deformation mode and the crushing process of the skin are effectively controlled, and the influence on the internal energy-absorbing tube is reduced. The guide columns 5, the flange plate 1 and the mounting plate 3 are matched to improve the lateral bearing capacity of the energy absorption device. The shape of the skin is not limited to a square tube, but also can be a round tube, and correspondingly, the alternately nested thin-walled tubes are not limited to the square tube, but also can be round tubes.
Typically, the skin 2, the honeycomb block 4 and the energy absorbing tube 6 are all aluminum as described above. The aluminum material is light and easy to obtain, and due to the high heat conduction value between the aluminum skin and the honeycomb, the expansion with heat and the contraction with cold of the inner aluminum skin and the outer aluminum skin are synchronous; the honeycomb aluminum skin is provided with small holes, so that gas in the plate can flow freely.
The average crushing force theoretical prediction formula of the designed gradient strength composite energy absorber is deduced. As a theoretical guide for the design of the present application. The following were used:
the average crushing force and external force work of the energy absorption device are respectively as follows:
in the formula, kDTo characterize constants under different loading conditions; sigmamFluid stress for wall tubes; r isiIs the inner diameter of the tube wall; t is tiThe thickness of the tube wall at the telescoping position; t is tsThe wall thickness of the honeycomb cell; l side length of the cellular cell;
is the honeycomb matrix yield limit; a is the length of the section of the skin; b is the width of the section of the skin; sigmafIs the flow stress of the skin; t is tfThe thickness of the skin;
is the energy absorbing tube compression length; delta lsCompressing the length for the honeycomb; delta lfCompressing the length for the skin; wherein the units of the inner diameter, the wall thickness, the side length, the width and the thickness are as follows: rice; fCFRepresents the average crushing force in newtons; wCFThe external force acting, unit and focal ear are shown; units of stress are in pascals. In practice, the obtained average crushing force and the external force do work, and then relevant design parameters are calculated to achieve reasonable design of the energy absorption device.
In conclusion, the deformation mode and the crushing force process of the energy absorption pipe are effectively controlled by adopting a nesting mode and through the nested connection of the thin-wall circular pipes with different thicknesses, lengths and inner diameters, and the initial peak force is reduced. The inner surface and the outer surface of the skin are alternately nested, so that the thickness of the cross section of the skin is alternately changed along the shaft, the deformation mode of the skin is effectively controlled, and the influence on the internal energy absorption tube is reduced. Meanwhile, the strength of the aluminum honeycomb in the energy absorption device is gradually weakened along the compression direction, and the stable energy absorption of the whole energy absorber is realized by matching with the compression of the gradient strength energy absorption tube.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any way, although the invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the invention, and those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention is not limited thereto.
Claims (11)
1. The utility model provides a gradient intensity buffering energy-absorbing device which characterized in that: the energy-absorbing honeycomb panel comprises a flange plate (1), a skin (2), a mounting plate (3), a honeycomb block (4), a guide column (5) and N energy-absorbing pipes (6), wherein N is more than or equal to 3;
a skin (2), a honeycomb block (4), a guide post (5) and an energy absorption pipe (6) are arranged between the flange plate (1) and the mounting plate (3); the one end and ring flange (1) rigid coupling of guide post (5), the other end stretch out mounting panel (3) and with mounting panel (3) sliding fit, honeycomb piece (4) cover are in on guide post (5) and with ring flange (1) or mounting panel (3) rigid coupling, and the circumference of guide post (5) is arranged along N energy-absorbing pipe (6), and energy-absorbing pipe (6) are parallel with the axis of guide post (5), every energy-absorbing pipe (6) are arranged for nested multitube formula, every energy-absorbing pipe (6) one end and ring flange (1) or mounting panel (3) rigid coupling, and N energy-absorbing pipe (6) outside is packaged with covering (2), the upper and lower terminal surface of covering (2) respectively with ring flange (1) and mounting panel (2) rigid coupling.
2. The gradient strength buffering energy-absorbing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: each energy absorption pipe (6) is a stepped pipe formed by nesting thin-wall pipes, and adjacent thin-wall pipes are connected together.
3. The gradient strength buffering energy-absorbing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the rigidity of each energy absorption pipe (6) is axially distributed and controlled by the thickness and length of each layer of thin-walled pipe.
4. A gradient strength cushioning energy-absorbing device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the N energy absorption pipes (6) have different section thickness changes along the axial compression direction.
5. The gradient strength buffering energy-absorbing device according to claim 4, wherein: the size of the cells of the honeycomb block (4) is gradually reduced along the axial compression direction.
6. The gradient strength buffering energy-absorbing device according to claim 5, wherein: the honeycomb block 4 is formed by stacking a plurality of layers of honeycomb energy absorption blocks with different sizes, and the adjacent layers of energy absorption blocks are connected through a partition plate 41.
7. A gradient strength cushioning energy-absorbing device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 5 or 6, characterized in that: the skin (2) is a tubular structure with thin-walled tubes alternately nested on the inner surface and the outer surface and with alternately-changed section thicknesses.
8. The gradient strength buffering energy-absorbing device according to claim 7, wherein: guide post (5) and ring flange (1) rigid coupling, honeycomb piece (4) and ring flange (1) rigid coupling, every the many pipe one end of nested on energy-absorbing pipe (6) flush and should flush the end and mounting panel (3) rigid coupling, the cross-section rigidity of every energy-absorbing pipe (6) is followed ring flange (1) and is increased to mounting panel (3) compression direction gradient.
9. The gradient strength buffering energy-absorbing device according to claim 8, wherein: the thickness of the thin-walled tube in each energy absorption tube (6) is 1mm-4 mm.
10. The gradient strength buffering energy-absorbing device according to claim 9, wherein: the skin 2, the honeycomb block 4 and the energy absorption pipe 6 are all made of aluminum.
11. The gradient strength buffering energy-absorbing device according to claim 10, wherein: the average crushing force and external force work of the energy absorption device are respectively as follows:
in the formula, kDTo characterize constants under different loading conditions; sigmamFluid stress for wall tubes; r isiIs the inner diameter of the tube wall; t is tiThe thickness of the tube wall at the telescoping position; t is tsThe wall thickness of the honeycomb cell; l side length of the cellular cell;
is the honeycomb matrix yield limit; a is the length of the section of the skin; b is the width of the section of the skin; sigmafIs the flow stress of the skin; t is tfThe thickness of the skin;
is the energy absorbing tube compression length; delta lsCompressing the length for the honeycomb; delta lfCompressing the length for the skin; wherein the units of the inner diameter, the wall thickness, the side length, the width and the thickness are as follows: rice; fCFRepresents the average crushing force, in units, N; wCFRepresents the external force acting, unit, J; stress, in Pa.
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| CN111301474A (en) * | 2020-01-23 | 2020-06-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Thin-wall multi-cell filling energy absorption structure and method for calculating average compression force of energy absorption structure |
| CN111891169A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-11-06 | 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 | Rail transit car coupler buffering energy-absorbing device |
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| CN114110068A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-01 | 吉林大学 | Bionic energy absorption pipe based on bamboo joint changing characteristic |
| CN115009363A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-09-06 | 厦门金龙联合汽车工业有限公司 | Frame, slide formula chassis and electric automobile |
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