CN111230358B - Boride and carbide composite reinforced impact-resistant surfacing wear-resistant alloy powder block and preparation and application thereof - Google Patents
Boride and carbide composite reinforced impact-resistant surfacing wear-resistant alloy powder block and preparation and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/32—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/327—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C comprising refractory compounds, e.g. carbides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a boride and carbide composite reinforced anti-impact surfacing wear-resistant alloy powder block, and preparation and application thereof, wherein the boride and carbide composite reinforced anti-impact surfacing wear-resistant alloy powder block comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 38-45 parts of molybdenum powder, 5-12 parts of boron carbide, 40-45 parts of chromium carbide, 10-15 parts of high-carbon ferrochrome, 8-12 parts of graphite, 9-14 parts of zircon, 1-4 parts of ferrovanadium, 6-10 parts of iron powder, 5-15 parts of adhesive and 0-8 parts of titanium dioxide. The alloy powder block of the invention is prepared by adding Mo, B, Cr, Zr, V, C, Fe and other elements into the powder, optimizing the addition amount, and generating Mo in a molten pool through a welding metallurgical reaction2FeB2、ZrC、TiC、Cr7C3A main wear-resistant strengthening phase of Mo2FeB2A linear expansion coefficient close to that of steel, good crack resistance, and Mo2FeB2Make Cr7C3The wear-resistant material is refined, and the strip-shaped wear-resistant material has the function of crushing, so that the defects of poor crack resistance and poor impact resistance of the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material with wide application and high cost performance are overcome, the wear-resistant material can be applied to the working condition of impact load wear, and the application range is wider.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of welding materials for surfacing, and particularly relates to an alloy powder block for surfacing and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
In industrial production and processing in the industries of mines, metallurgy and the like, some abrasion parts often work under the action of impact load, such as hammer heads for crushing, and the abrasion parts are often scrapped. This requires good impact and wear resistance of the surface of the part under working conditions with high impact loads. The surfacing welding is widely used for preparing metal layers with special performance on the surfaces of parts due to simple process, less equipment investment, flexible operation and wide application range.
The surfacing welding method comprises manual arc surfacing welding, oxyacetylene flame surfacing welding, submerged arc automatic surfacing welding, gas shielded surfacing welding, plasma arc surfacing welding, electroslag surfacing welding and the like. Various surfacing materials, such as common surfacing electrodes, flux-cored wires, alloy steel strips, alloy powder blocks and the like, are developed to adapt to various surfacing methods. The surfacing welding alloy powder block is concerned by people because of simple preparation process, easy component adjustment, high alloy transition coefficient and convenient use. The research proposes that alloy powder is prepared into an alloy block for surfacing, and the wear-resistant alloy powder block is prepared by uniformly mixing high-chromium cast iron, ferroboron, ferrosilicon and iron powder in proportion, adding a water glass adhesive into the mixture, adding the mixture into a mold in a certain weight, performing compression molding under proper pressure, and drying and dehydrating. The geometric shape of the alloy powder block applying the technology at present is a cuboid with the size of 90mm multiplied by 30mm multiplied by 3mm, 60mm multiplied by 30mm multiplied by 3mm or other sizes, and the deposited heat source is an electric arc (such as carbon arc, plasma arc and tungsten electrode argon arc). At present, a surfacing technology is mostly adopted, a high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant alloy working layer is prepared on the surface of a workpiece substrate, carbon steel or alloy steel is prepared to serve as the substrate, surfacing alloy is a composite material of the wear-resistant working layer, and the purposes that the substrate provides strong toughness support and the surfacing alloy achieves wear resistance are achieved.
Most of the alloy powder blocks used at present are high-chromium cast iron types, and the surfacing alloy layer contains more thick columnar M7C3Carbide is easy to fall off under the action of impact load, the impact resistance of surfacing metal is poor, the surface of a surfacing welding seam has cracks, the surfacing welding seam is not suitable for the working condition of impact abrasion, and the application range of the surfacing welding seam is greatly limited. Therefore, the improvement of the impact resistance of the high-chromium cast iron alloy powder compact has received general attention from the industry and many studies have been conducted.
The research adopts a flux-cored wire open arc surfacing method to obtain the alloy containing 21-23 percent of Cr, 3.5-4.2 percent of C and 1.4-1.6 percent of Si and 0 to 1.8 percent of B, and indicates that the elements Si and B can promote M7C3The form carbide increases in size and volume fraction and shifts its distribution form from a dispersed distribution to an aggregated arrangement.
Researchers have analyzed the influence of V added into the flux-cored wire on the structure and wear resistance of the high-chromium cast iron. Research shows that the hardness and the wear resistance of the structure of the overlaying layer are improved along with the increase of the V content in the flux-cored wire.
Research shows that after Nb and Mo are added into high-chromium cast iron type flux-cored wire, Nb is completely generated into NbC in a surfacing structure, and Mo is generated into a small amount of Mo2C, but also solid-solution strengthens the matrix structure, but the effect of improving the wear resistance is not as strong as that of Nb. Compared with the traditional high-chromium cast iron flux-cored wire without Nb and Mo, the wear resistance of the surfacing metal is obviously improved.
The growth direction of primary carbides in Fe-Cr-C series hardfacing alloys was analyzed by a scholars. The influence of the carbon content and the chromium-carbon ratio of the hardfacing alloy with the carbon content of 3.34%, 4.11%, 5.16% and 6.5% on the growth direction of primary carbides is discussed, and the directional growth of the carbides in the microstructure of the hardfacing layer is researched by adopting a method for controlling the cooling condition. The result shows that the carbon content and the cooling condition play a decisive role in the metallographic structure of the hardfacing layer, and the increase of the carbon content or the reduction of the chromium-carbon ratio leads primary carbide in Fe-Cr-C series hardfacing alloy to tend to grow vertical to the surface of the hardfacing layer, and the density of the primary carbide is obviously improved. The water cooling method on the back of the substrate can lead primary carbide to tend to grow vertical to the surface of the hardfacing layer.
The influence of titanium content on the microstructure of hypereutectic high-chromium cast iron with 4% C-20% Cr (mass fraction) is researched, and the discovery shows that the TiC dispersed in the steel can be used as heterogeneous nucleation particles of primary carbide, and meanwhile, TiC particles can prevent the growth of the primary carbide and refine the primary carbide Cr7C3The function of (1). Niobium Nb also functions similarly.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problemsThe invention provides a novel preparation method of an alloy powder block. Mo is provided through the optimized design of an alloy powder block formula2FeB2The ternary boride and carbide are compounded and strengthened, and the alloy powder block is used for the impact-resistant, crack-resistant and wear-resistant surfacing welding. Optimizing the contents of Mo, B, Fe, Cr, Zr, C and other elements in the alloy powder block, and leading the Mo, B and Fe elements to form Mo through metallurgical reaction2FeB2Ternary boride, Zr and C form ZrC. ZrC has a melting point as high as 3540 ℃, and can be used as Cr7C3、Mo2FeB2Not spontaneously nucleated in the core and by Mo2FeB2、ZrC、Cr7C3Refining primary carbide Cr generated by Cr and C in-situ reaction in liquid phase7C3Changing its form to obtain Mo2FeB2、ZrC、Cr7C3The reinforced surfacing alloy is compounded, the content of impurities in the surfacing metal is reduced, the technical requirements of the surfacing metal on impact resistance, crack resistance, wear resistance and the like are met, and the surfacing alloy is suitable for surfacing of crushing hammers, slurry pump volutes, concrete pumps, cement crushing grinding rollers and the like.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a boride and carbide composite reinforced impact-resistant surfacing wear-resistant alloy powder block, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 38-45 parts of molybdenum powder, 5-12 parts of boron carbide, 40-45 parts of chromium carbide, 10-15 parts of high-carbon ferrochrome, 8-12 parts of graphite, 9-14 parts of zircon, 1-4 parts of ferrovanadium, 6-10 parts of iron powder, 5-15 parts of adhesive and 0-8 parts of titanium dioxide.
The modifier is added into the high-chromium cast iron surfacing alloy to refine the primary carbide in the hypereutectic high-chromium cast iron, the form of the primary carbide is changed, the composite wear-resistant strengthening phase is obtained, the shock resistance, crack resistance and wear resistance of the high-chromium cast iron surfacing alloy are improved, a direction is provided for the development of a high-chromium cast iron surfacing welding material, and the high-chromium cast iron surfacing welding material is also a surfacing material which is urgently needed in the industry.
The second aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of boride and carbide composite reinforced anti-impact surfacing wear-resistant alloy powder block, which comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing titanium dioxide, graphite, boron carbide and zircon to obtain non-alloy mixed powder;
adding molybdenum powder, chromium carbide, high-carbon ferrochrome, ferrovanadium and iron powder into the non-alloy mixed powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain dry mixed powder;
adding water glass into the dry mixed powder, and uniformly mixing;
and molding and drying by adopting a die pressing or welding rod hydraulic powder coating machine to obtain the alloy powder block.
In some embodiments, titanium dioxide is not added to the alloy powder block produced by the die pressing process.
The invention also provides an application of any boride and carbide composite reinforced anti-impact surfacing wear-resistant alloy powder block in preparing a surface layer by adopting an arc deposition mode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the alloy powder block provided by the invention has wear-resisting and impact-resisting properties, and can be used for manufacturing and repairing a breaking hammer head, a slurry pump volute, a concrete pump, a cement breaking grinding roller and the like.
(2) The alloy powder block of the invention is prepared by adding Mo, B, Cr, Zr, V, C, Fe and other elements into the powder, optimizing the addition amount, and generating Mo in a molten pool through a welding metallurgical reaction2FeB2、ZrC、Cr7C3A main wear-resistant strengthening phase of Mo2FeB2A linear expansion coefficient close to that of steel, good crack resistance, and Mo2FeB2Make Cr7C3The wear-resistant material is refined, and the strip-shaped wear-resistant material has the function of crushing, so that the defects of poor crack resistance and poor impact resistance of the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material with wide application and high cost performance are overcome, the wear-resistant material can be applied to the working condition of impact load wear, and the application range is wider.
(3) The preparation and application operation methods of the alloy powder block are simple, low in cost, universal and easy for large-scale production.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of an alloy powder compact according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an arc deposited alloy powder slug method; wherein: 1 alloy powder block, 2 metal (matrix) to be deposited by bead welding.
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of a deposited metal with a zirconium-added quartz alloy powder compact according to example 1 of the present invention, wherein the gray compact structure is Cr7C3；
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope photograph showing the structure of a gray elongated structure Cr of a deposited metal in comparative example 1 of the present invention to which no zircon alloy powder was added7C3；
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As described in the background art, the problem of the prior high-chromium cast iron alloy powder block surfacing metal that the impact resistance is still to be improved is solved. Therefore, the invention provides an alloy powder block for surfacing, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 38-45 parts of molybdenum powder, 5-12 parts of boron carbide, 40-45 parts of chromium carbide, 10-15 parts of high-carbon ferrochrome, 8-12 parts of graphite, 9-14 parts of zircon, 1-4 parts of ferrovanadium, 6-10 parts of iron powder, 5-15 parts of adhesive and 0-8 parts of titanium dioxide.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 38-42 parts of molybdenum powder and carbonized5-8 parts of boron, 40-42 parts of chromium carbide, 10-12 parts of high-carbon ferrochrome, 8-10 parts of graphite, 9-12 parts of zircon, 1-2 parts of ferrovanadium, 6-8 parts of iron powder, 5-10 parts of adhesive and 0-4 parts of titanium dioxide. Boron carbide provides both B and C. And only B can be provided by ferroboron, and the content of B is low. Boron carbide provides sufficient C, so that the total C content of the surfacing metal reaches more than 3 percent, and Cr precipitated in a liquid phase is obtained7C3The hypereutectic structure of (1).
In some embodiments, the composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 42-45 parts of molybdenum powder, 8-12 parts of boron carbide, 42-45 parts of chromium carbide, 12-15 parts of high-carbon ferrochrome, 10-12 parts of graphite, 12-14 parts of zircon quartz, 2-4 parts of ferrovanadium, 8-10 parts of iron powder, 10-15 parts of adhesive and 4-8 parts of titanium dioxide. The invention generates Mo in the molten pool2FeB2、ZrC、Cr7C3A main wear-resistant strengthening phase of Mo2FeB2A linear expansion coefficient close to that of steel, good crack resistance, and Mo2FeB2Make Cr7C3The wear-resistant material is refined, and has the function of crushing long strips, so that the crack resistance and impact resistance of the wear-resistant material of the high-chromium cast iron are improved.
In some embodiments, the adhesive is water glass, the modulus of the water glass is 2.5-3.0, and the baume degree is 39-50, so that the metal powders are bonded and bonded, and subsequent forming is facilitated.
In some embodiments, the water glass is sodium water glass or potassium-sodium mixed water glass, wherein potassium of the potassium-sodium mixed water glass is 1-3 parts by mass, and sodium of the potassium-sodium mixed water glass is 1 part by mass, so as to obtain a better molding effect.
In some embodiments, the molybdenum powder has a composition of, in mass percent, not less than 99.8% Mo; or boron carbide in the mass percentage of B4The content of C is not less than 97%; or chromium carbide in mass percent2C3The content is not less than 98 percent; or the Cr content of the high-carbon ferrochrome is not less than 60 percent, the C content is 8-10 percent, the Si content is not more than 5 percent, and the balance is Fe; or the graphite comprises 94-99% of C by mass percent; or the zircon has a composition of ZrO in mass percent2Not less than 63% of Fe2O3Not more than 0.7%, TiO22% or less, 0.05% or less S and 0.22% or less P; or the ferrovanadium comprises 75-85% of V, not more than 0.06% of C, not more than 2% of Si, not more than 1.5% of Al and the balance of Fe by mass percent; or the iron powder is atomized iron powder, and the Fe content is not less than 99.9 percent in mass percentage; or TiO in percentage by mass of the components of titanium dioxide2The content is not less than 98 percent, so that the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material with good impact resistance is formed through a welding metallurgical reaction.
In some embodiments, the feedstock has a particle size of 75 microns to 180 microns to obtain a better microstructure and overall mechanical properties of the hardfacing alloy.
In the above-described alloy powder block for build-up welding: the adhesive is water glass, the modulus of the water glass is 2.5-3.0, and the Baume degree is 39-50. The water glass is sodium water glass or potassium-sodium mixed water glass, wherein potassium in the potassium-sodium mixed water glass accounts for 1-3 parts by mass, and sodium accounts for 1 part by mass.
The titanium dioxide in the alloy powder block is used as a plasticizer, so that the alloy powder block is convenient to press and form, and TiC is generated through metallurgical reaction.
The invention utilizes the high-temperature electric arc cladded by the carbon rod of the alloy powder block, and graphite and zircon (ZrO) added in the powder block2) Titanium dioxide and ferrovanadium are subjected to the following metallurgical reaction to generate ZrC, TiC and VC, and carbides are formed at the high temperature of a molten pool and serve as ternary boride Mo2FeB2、Cr7C3The core of the non-spontaneous nucleation is dispersed and distributed, and the shock resistance and the crack resistance of the surfacing metal are improved.
ZrO2+C—→ZrC+CO
TiO2+C—→TiC+CO
V+C—→VC
Molybdenum powder, boron carbide, iron (from high-carbon ferrochrome, ferrovanadium and iron powder) in powder blocks are used for synthesizing Mo through metallurgical reaction2FeB2The raw materials of the method are that boron carbide, chromium carbide, high-carbon ferrochrome and graphite are added into the powder to ensure that the content of C in deposited metal exceeds 3.0 percent, a hypereutectic structure is obtained, and the C and the Cr are in a liquid phaseIn-situ precipitation of primary carbide Cr7C3An antiwear phase.
Graphite is an indispensable element for forming carbide in weld metal, and when the amount of graphite is less than 8 parts, it is difficult to ensure primary carbide Cr7C3The formation of the alloy is not enough in wear resistance and good in deoxidation effect, the content of metal oxide inclusions in surfacing welding is increased, and the impact resistance is poor; when the amount exceeds 12 parts, the relative content of other alloy elements is reduced, and the effect of strengthening the surfacing metal is deteriorated. Therefore, the optimum range of graphite is 8 to 12 parts by mass.
The ferrovanadium mainly has the functions of forming VC serving as a wear-resistant phase of surfacing metal, playing a role in non-spontaneous nucleation and refining Mo2FeB2And Cr7C3The auxiliary effect of (1).
The molybdenum powder comprises the components of not less than 99.8 percent of Mo in percentage by mass; b is the component of boron carbide in percentage by mass4The content of C is not less than 97%; the chromium carbide comprises Cr in percentage by mass2C3The content is not less than 98 percent; the high-carbon ferrochrome contains not less than 60% of Cr, 8-10% of C, not more than 5% of Si and the balance of Fe by mass percent; the graphite comprises 94-99% of C by mass percent; the zirconium quartz comprises ZrO in percentage by mass2Not less than 63% of Fe2O3Not more than 0.7%, TiO22% or less, 0.05% or less S and 0.22% or less P; the ferrovanadium comprises 75-85% of V, not more than 0.06% of C, not more than 2% of Si, not more than 1.5% of Al and the balance of Fe by mass percent; the iron powder is atomized iron powder, and the content of Fe is not less than 99.9 percent in mass percentage; the titanium dioxide comprises TiO in percentage by mass2The content is not less than 98 percent; the particle size of the powder is 75-180 microns (namely the particle size is-80 meshes- +200 meshes); the components of the medicinal powder can contain impurities which are difficult to remove in the processing process and do not influence the performance of the medicinal powder.
The carbon rod is used as an electrode for overlaying the alloy powder block, and carbon arc is used for overlaying.
An alloy powder block for surfacing and a preparation method and application thereof.
The technical conception of the invention is as follows: selecting metal and iron alloy powder (powder for short), uniformly mixing according to a designed proportion, adding an adhesive and a plasticizer, uniformly wet-mixing, and producing an alloy powder block by adopting a die pressing or hydraulic powder coating machine for producing welding rods.
The alloy powder block for surfacing comprises, by mass, 38-45 parts of molybdenum powder, 5-12 parts of boron carbide, 40-45 parts of chromium carbide, 10-15 parts of high-carbon ferrochrome, 8-12 parts of graphite, 9-14 parts of zircon, 1-4 parts of ferrovanadium, 6-10 parts of iron powder, 5-15 parts of a binder and 0-8 parts of titanium dioxide according to the requirements of surfacing metals.
In the above-described alloy powder block for build-up welding: the addition amount of the adhesive is preferably 8-12 parts by mass.
In the above-described alloy powder block for build-up welding: the adhesive is water glass, the modulus of the water glass is 2.5-3.0, and the Baume degree is 39-50.
Wherein: the modulus of the water glass is preferably 2.8-3.0, and the Baume degree is 50.
In the above-described alloy powder block for build-up welding: the water glass is sodium water glass or potassium-sodium mixed water glass, wherein potassium in the potassium-sodium mixed water glass accounts for 1-3 parts by mass, and sodium accounts for 1 part by mass.
In the above-described alloy powder block for build-up welding: the cross section of the geometrical body of the alloy powder block is semicircular, and the radius of the geometrical body is 4mm-15mm, which is shown in figure 1. The cross section of the alloy powder block is semicircular, the length of the powder block is determined according to the requirement of a surface to be overlaid, but when the alloy powder block is arranged on the surface to be overlaid, the thickness of the edge of the powder block at the splicing position is 0-0.1mm, and the figure 2 shows that the alloy powder block is formed by the method.
Based on previous researches, the preparation method of the alloy powder block for surfacing adopts mould pressing or a welding rod hydraulic powder coating machine for preparation, wherein, the mould pressing process is adopted to produce the alloy powder block without adding a plasticizer, but the welding rod hydraulic powder coating machine has higher production efficiency, and the specific method is as follows:
(1) preparation by moulding
The preparation method of the alloy powder block by die pressing comprises the following steps:
1) mixed powder
According to the formula of the alloy powder block, firstly weighing and mixing titanium dioxide, graphite, boron carbide and zircon with small specific gravity according to the formula proportion, and dry-mixing for 10-15 minutes by using the conventional powder mixer to obtain non-alloy mixed powder; then weighing molybdenum powder, chromium carbide, high-carbon ferrochrome, ferrovanadium and iron powder according to the formula proportion, adding the weighed materials into the non-alloy mixed powder, and continuing mixing the powder for 8-15 minutes to obtain dry mixed powder.
2) Compression molding
Adding a water glass adhesive into the dry mixed powder according to the formula of the alloy powder block, and uniformly mixing the mixture by wet stirring to obtain a wet material; the alloy powder block is produced by a mould pressing process without adding a plasticizer.
And (3) taking a die, filling the wet material into the die, and applying pressure of more than 50MPa to the alloy powder block for forming.
Drying the formed alloy powder block for 8-48 hours at the temperature of 20-60 ℃, then preserving heat and drying for 30-50 minutes at the temperature of 150-180 ℃, and completely removing water to obtain the finished product of the alloy powder block.
The alloy powder block comprises the following components in parts by mass: 38-45 parts of molybdenum powder, 5-12 parts of boron carbide, 40-45 parts of chromium carbide, 10-15 parts of high-carbon ferrochrome, 8-12 parts of graphite, 9-14 parts of zircon, 1-4 parts of ferrovanadium, 6-10 parts of iron powder, 5-15 parts of adhesive and 0-8 parts of titanium dioxide. The particle size of the powder is 75-180 microns (namely the particle size is-80 meshes to +200 meshes).
(2) Preparation of welding rod powder coating machine
The method for preparing the alloy powder block by the welding rod powder coating machine comprises the following steps:
1) mixed powder
According to the formula of the alloy powder block, firstly weighing and mixing titanium dioxide, graphite, boron carbide and zircon with small specific gravity according to the formula proportion, and dry-mixing for 10-15 minutes by using the conventional powder mixer to obtain non-alloy mixed powder; then weighing molybdenum powder, chromium carbide, high-carbon ferrochrome, ferrovanadium and iron powder according to the formula proportion, adding the weighed materials into the non-alloy mixed powder, and continuing mixing the powder for 8-15 minutes to obtain dry mixed powder.
2) Preparation of welding rod hydraulic powder coating machine
Adding water glass adhesive into the dry mixed powder according to the formula of the alloy powder block, and uniformly mixing the mixture by wet stirring to obtain a wet material.
Changing a sizing die of the welding rod hydraulic powder coating machine according to the designed cross section shape and size of the alloy powder block, then pressing the alloy powder block according to the conventional welding rod production procedure, and closing a core wire feeding system of the welding rod hydraulic powder coating machine during pressing without feeding a core wire. Cutting the longitudinal length of the pressed and coated alloy powder block as required before drying.
And drying the pressed alloy powder block for 8 to 48 hours at the temperature of between 20 and 60 ℃, then preserving the heat and drying for 30 to 50 minutes at the temperature of between 150 and 180 ℃, and completely removing the water to obtain the finished alloy powder block.
The alloy powder block for surfacing is used for preparing an impact-resistant and wear-resistant surface layer by adopting an electric arc deposition mode.
According to the composition and the characteristics of the alloy powder block, carbon arc deposition is recommended to be used in a surfacing process; specific process parameters recommend the use of process conditions determined by applicants' previous studies.
The alloy powder block determines welding process parameters according to different arc deposition processes, and the hardness of deposited metal is HRC 56-67.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative of the invention and not limiting.
Example 1:
the formula of the alloy powder block comprises, by mass, 15 parts of a binder, 8 parts of titanium dioxide, 45 parts of molybdenum powder, 5 parts of boron carbide, 40 parts of chromium carbide, 10 parts of high-carbon ferrochrome, 8 parts of graphite, 9 parts of zircon quartz, 1 part of ferrovanadium and 6 parts of iron powder. The particle size of the powder is 75-180 microns (namely the particle size is-80 meshes to +200 meshes).
The binder is sodium silicate, the modulus is 3.0, and the baume degree is 50. The plasticizer is titanium dioxide.
(1) Mixed powder
According to the formula of the alloy powder block, firstly weighing and mixing titanium dioxide, graphite, boron carbide and zircon with small specific gravity according to the formula proportion, and dry-mixing for 10 minutes by using the conventional powder mixer to obtain non-alloy mixed powder; then weighing molybdenum powder, chromium carbide, high-carbon ferrochrome, ferrovanadium and iron powder according to the formula proportion, adding the weighed materials into the non-alloy mixed powder, and continuing mixing the powder for 8 minutes to obtain dry mixed powder.
(2) Preparation of welding rod hydraulic powder coating machine
And (2) adding a sodium silicate adhesive into the dry mixed powder obtained in the step (1), and mixing the powder while adding sodium silicate, wherein the time for wet mixing the powder is 10 minutes, so as to obtain the wet powder.
Changing a sizing die with the radius of 10mm of the welding rod hydraulic powder coating machine according to the designed cross section shape and size of the alloy powder block, then pressing the alloy powder block according to the conventional welding rod production procedure, and closing a welding core feeding system of the welding rod hydraulic powder coating machine during pressing without feeding a welding core. Cutting the pressed and coated alloy powder block into a length of 50mm according to the requirement before drying.
And drying the pressed alloy powder block for 8 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, then preserving heat and drying for 50 minutes at the temperature of 150 ℃, and completely removing water to obtain the finished product of the alloy powder block.
Placing the alloy powder blocks produced by the method on the surface of a Q345 steel plate, wherein the gap between the powder blocks is 1mm, and then using the diameter
Arc deposition of a carbon rod electrode with the length of 355mm, and the process parameters are as follows: the welding current is 350A, and the arc length is 1-2 mm. The electric arc acts on the gaps among the alloy powder blocks, the base material part is quickly melted to form a molten pool under the action of electric arc heat, and liquid metal of the molten pool fills the gaps among the alloy powder blocks, so that the heat conduction capability of the powder blocks is improved, and the melting of the powder blocks is accelerated. After the molten pool is formed, the electric arc is transversely swung, and the transverse swinging speed is determined by the melting speed of the alloy powder block, so that the electric arc always acts on the interface of the alloy powder block and the liquid metal. And melting the alloy powder block completely through continuous expansion of the molten pool, and finally solidifying to form the surfacing layer. The test shows that the surfacing layer has no cracks and good forming, and the average hardness value of the surfacing metal is 56 HRC.
Impact abrasion test by adopting MLD-10 type dynamic load abrasive particle abrasion testerThe test shows that the impact load is 100N, the impact times are 100 times/min, the lower sample material is 40Cr steel (the hardness is 50HRC) subjected to thermal refining, and the diameter of the lower sample is
The rotating speed is 200 r/min, the grinding material is 20 mesh white corundum, the size of an impact abrasion sample is 10mm multiplied by 40mm, and the height of the surfacing metal is 5 mm. The work of impact was 5J, the time of impact abrasion was 1.5 hours, and the average abrasion loss of the three samples was 0.34 g. Commercial high-chromium cast iron alloy powder Fe-05 made of Cr only7C3The carbide is a wear-resistant reinforcing phase, and the average wear amount under the same impact wear test conditions is 0.56 g. The impact wear resistance of the alloy powder block surfacing metal is far better than that of the commercially available Fe-05 alloy powder block surfacing metal.
Example 2:
the formula of the alloy powder block comprises, by mass, 10 parts of a binder, 2 parts of titanium dioxide, 43 parts of molybdenum powder, 7 parts of boron carbide, 40 parts of chromium carbide, 15 parts of high-carbon ferrochrome, 12 parts of graphite, 14 parts of zircon quartz, 4 parts of ferrovanadium and 10 parts of iron powder. The particle size of the powder is 75-180 microns (namely the particle size is-80 meshes- +200 meshes)
The binder is potassium-sodium mixed water glass, wherein the potassium accounts for 2 parts by mass, the sodium accounts for 1 part by mass, the modulus is 2.8, and the Baume degree is 39. Titanium dioxide is used as a plasticizer.
(1) Mixed powder
According to the formula of the alloy powder block, firstly weighing and mixing titanium dioxide, graphite, boron carbide and zircon with small specific gravity according to the formula proportion, and dry-mixing for 15 minutes by using the conventional powder mixer to obtain non-alloy mixed powder; then weighing molybdenum powder, chromium carbide, high-carbon ferrochrome, ferrovanadium and iron powder according to the formula proportion, adding the weighed materials into the non-alloy mixed powder, and continuing mixing the powder for 15 minutes to obtain dry mixed powder.
(2) Preparation of welding rod hydraulic powder coating machine
And (2) adding a potassium-sodium mixed water glass adhesive into the dry mixed powder obtained in the step (1), and mixing while adding potassium-sodium mixed water glass, wherein the time for wet mixing is 15 minutes, so as to obtain wet powder.
Changing a sizing die with the radius of 10mm of the welding rod hydraulic powder coating machine according to the designed cross section shape and size of the alloy powder block, then pressing the alloy powder block according to the conventional welding rod production procedure, and closing a welding core feeding system of the welding rod hydraulic powder coating machine during pressing without feeding a welding core. Cutting the pressed and coated alloy powder block to obtain the alloy powder block with the longitudinal length of 200mm according to the requirement before drying.
And drying the pressed alloy powder block at the room temperature of 20 ℃ for 24 hours at a low temperature, then drying the alloy powder block at the temperature of 180 ℃ for 45 minutes, and removing water to obtain the finished product of the alloy powder block.
Placing the alloy powder blocks produced by the method on the surface of a Q345 steel plate, wherein the gap between the powder blocks is 1mm, and then using the diameter
Arc deposition of a carbon rod electrode with the length of 355mm, and the process parameters are as follows: the welding current is 350A, and the arc length is 1-2 mm. The electric arc acts on the gaps among the alloy powder blocks, the base material part is quickly melted to form a molten pool under the action of electric arc heat, and liquid metal of the molten pool fills the gaps among the alloy powder blocks, so that the heat conduction capability of the powder blocks is improved, and the melting of the powder blocks is accelerated. After the molten pool is formed, the electric arc is transversely swung, and the transverse swinging speed is determined by the melting speed of the alloy powder block, so that the electric arc always acts on the interface of the alloy powder block and the liquid metal. And melting the alloy powder block completely through continuous expansion of the molten pool, and finally solidifying to form the surfacing layer. The test shows that the surfacing layer has no cracks and good forming, and the average hardness value of the surfacing metal is 67 HRC.
An MLD-10 type dynamic load abrasive wear testing machine is adopted to carry out an impact wear test, the impact hammer load is 100N, the impact frequency is 100 times/min, the lower sample material is 40Cr steel (the hardness is 50HRC) subjected to quenching and tempering treatment, and the diameter of the lower sample is
The rotating speed is 200 r/min, the grinding material is 20 mesh white corundum, the size of an impact abrasion sample is 10mm multiplied by 40mm, and the height of the surfacing metal is 5 mm. The impact work is 5J, the impact wear time is 1.5 hours, and the average wear of three samplesThe amount was 0.18 g. Commercial high-chromium cast iron alloy powder Fe-05 made of Cr only7C3The carbide is a wear-resistant reinforcing phase, and the average wear amount under the same impact wear test conditions is 0.56 g. The impact wear resistance of the alloy powder block surfacing metal is far better than that of the commercially available Fe-05 alloy powder block surfacing metal.
Example 3:
the formula of the alloy powder block comprises, by mass, 5 parts of a binder, 41 parts of molybdenum powder, 9 parts of boron carbide, 42 parts of chromium carbide, 14 parts of high-carbon ferrochrome, 10 parts of graphite, 10 parts of zirconium quartz, 3 parts of ferrovanadium and 8 parts of iron powder. The particle size of the powder is 75-180 microns (namely the particle size is-80 meshes- +200 meshes)
The binder is sodium silicate, the modulus of which is 2.9 and the baume degree of which is 45.
(1) Mixed powder
According to the formula of the alloy powder block, firstly weighing and mixing the graphite, the boron carbide and the zircon with smaller specific weight according to the formula proportion, and dry-mixing for 12 minutes by using the conventional powder mixer to obtain non-alloy mixed powder; then weighing molybdenum powder, chromium carbide, high-carbon ferrochrome, ferrovanadium and iron powder according to the formula proportion, adding the weighed materials into the non-alloy mixed powder, and continuing mixing the powder for 10 minutes to obtain dry mixed powder.
(2) Compression molding
And (2) adding a sodium silicate adhesive into the dry mixed powder obtained in the step (1), and mixing while adding the water glass, wherein the time for wet mixing is 13 minutes, so as to obtain wet powder.
A pressing die commonly used in powder metallurgy is adopted, a cavity of the die is 8mm in radius, the cross section of the die is semicircular, and the length of the die is 100mm, the wet material is filled in the die, and 50MPa pressure is applied to the alloy powder block for forming.
And drying the formed alloy powder block for 24 hours at the temperature of 50 ℃, then preserving heat and drying for 40 minutes at the temperature of 160 ℃, and completely removing water to obtain the finished product of the alloy powder block.
Placing the alloy powder blocks produced by the method on the surface of a Q345 steel plate, wherein the gap between the powder blocks is 1mm, and then using the diameter
Arc deposition of a carbon rod electrode with the length of 355mm, and the process parameters are as follows: the welding current is 350A, and the arc length is 1-2 mm. The electric arc acts on the gaps among the alloy powder blocks, the base material part is quickly melted to form a molten pool under the action of electric arc heat, and liquid metal of the molten pool fills the gaps among the alloy powder blocks, so that the heat conduction capability of the powder blocks is improved, and the melting of the powder blocks is accelerated. After the molten pool is formed, the electric arc is transversely swung, and the transverse swinging speed is determined by the melting speed of the alloy powder block, so that the electric arc always acts on the interface of the alloy powder block and the liquid metal. And melting the alloy powder block completely through continuous expansion of the molten pool, and finally solidifying to form the surfacing layer. The test shows that the surfacing layer has no cracks and good forming, and the average hardness value of the surfacing metal is 64 HRC.
An MLD-10 type dynamic load abrasive wear testing machine is adopted to carry out an impact wear test, the impact hammer load is 100N, the impact frequency is 100 times/min, the lower sample material is 40Cr steel (the hardness is 50HRC) subjected to quenching and tempering treatment, and the diameter of the lower sample is
The rotating speed is 200 r/min, the grinding material is 20 mesh white corundum, the size of an impact abrasion sample is 10mm multiplied by 40mm, and the height of the surfacing metal is 5 mm. The work of impact was 5J, the time of impact abrasion was 1.5 hours, and the average abrasion loss of the three samples was 0.25 g. Commercial high-chromium cast iron alloy powder Fe-05 made of Cr only7C3The carbide is a wear-resistant reinforcing phase, and the average wear amount under the same impact wear test conditions is 0.56 g. The impact wear resistance of the alloy powder block surfacing metal is far better than that of the commercially available Fe-05 alloy powder block surfacing metal.
Example 4:
the formula of the alloy powder block comprises, by mass, 5 parts of a binder, 39 parts of molybdenum powder, 11 parts of boron carbide, 45 parts of chromium carbide, 12 parts of high-carbon ferrochrome, 8 parts of graphite, 12 parts of zirconium quartz, 3 parts of ferrovanadium and 7 parts of iron powder. The particle size of each of the above powders is preferably 75 to 180 μm (i.e., the particle size is-80 to +200 mesh).
The binder is potassium-sodium mixed water glass, wherein potassium accounts for 3 parts by mass, sodium accounts for 1 part by mass, the modulus is 3.0, and the Baume degree is 46.
(1) Mixed powder
According to the formula of the alloy powder block, firstly weighing and mixing the graphite, the boron carbide and the zircon with smaller specific weight according to the formula proportion, and dry-mixing for 10 minutes by using the conventional powder mixer to obtain non-alloy mixed powder; then weighing molybdenum powder, chromium carbide, high-carbon ferrochrome, ferrovanadium and iron powder according to the formula proportion, adding the weighed materials into the non-alloy mixed powder, and continuing mixing the powder for 8 minutes to obtain dry mixed powder.
(2) Compression molding
And (2) adding a sodium silicate adhesive into the dry mixed powder obtained in the step (1), and mixing while adding the water glass, wherein the time for wet mixing is 10 minutes, so as to obtain wet powder.
A pressing die commonly used in powder metallurgy is adopted, a cavity of the die is 8mm in radius, the cross section of the die is semicircular, and the length of the die is 100mm, the wet material is filled in the die, and 50MPa pressure is applied to the alloy powder block for forming.
And drying the formed alloy powder block for 48 hours at the temperature of 20 ℃, then preserving heat and drying for 50 minutes at the temperature of 180 ℃, and completely removing water to obtain the finished product of the alloy powder block.
Placing the alloy powder blocks produced by the method on the surface of a Q345 steel plate, wherein the gap between the powder blocks is 1mm, and then using the diameter
Arc deposition of a carbon rod electrode with the length of 355mm, and the process parameters are as follows: the welding current is 350A, and the arc length is 1-2 mm. The electric arc acts on the gaps among the alloy powder blocks, the base material part is quickly melted to form a molten pool under the action of electric arc heat, and liquid metal of the molten pool fills the gaps among the alloy powder blocks, so that the heat conduction capability of the powder blocks is improved, and the melting of the powder blocks is accelerated. After the molten pool is formed, the electric arc is transversely swung, and the transverse swinging speed is determined by the melting speed of the alloy powder block, so that the electric arc always acts on the interface of the alloy powder block and the liquid metal. And melting the alloy powder block completely through continuous expansion of the molten pool, and finally solidifying to form the surfacing layer. The test shows that the overlaying layer has no cracks and good forming, and the average hardness value of the overlaying metal is60HRC。
An MLD-10 type dynamic load abrasive wear testing machine is adopted to carry out an impact wear test, the impact hammer load is 100N, the impact frequency is 100 times/min, the lower sample material is 40Cr steel (the hardness is 50HRC) subjected to quenching and tempering treatment, and the diameter of the lower sample is
The rotating speed is 200 r/min, the grinding material is 20 mesh white corundum, the size of an impact abrasion sample is 10mm multiplied by 40mm, and the height of the surfacing metal is 5 mm. The work of impact was 5J, the time of impact abrasion was 1.5 hours, and the average abrasion loss of the three samples was 0.28 g. Commercial high-chromium cast iron alloy powder Fe-05 made of Cr only7C3The carbide is a wear-resistant reinforcing phase, and the average wear amount under the same impact wear test conditions is 0.56 g. The impact wear resistance of the alloy powder block surfacing metal is far better than that of the commercially available Fe-05 alloy powder block surfacing metal.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method is the same as that of example 1, except that no zircon quartz is contained in the formula, and the average hardness of the surfacing metal in comparative example 1 is 52HRC which is lower than 56HRC of example 1.
An MLD-10 type dynamic load abrasive wear testing machine is adopted to carry out an impact wear test, the impact hammer load is 100N, the impact frequency is 100 times/min, the lower sample material is 40Cr steel (the hardness is 50HRC) subjected to quenching and tempering treatment, and the diameter of the lower sample is
The rotating speed is 200 r/min, the grinding material is 20 mesh white corundum, the size of an impact abrasion sample is 10mm multiplied by 40mm, and the height of the surfacing metal is 5 mm. The work of impact was 5J, the time to impact abrasion was 1.5 hours, and the average abrasion amount of the three samples of comparative example 1 was 0.51g higher than that of example 1, which was 0.34 g. The ZrC plays an important role in improving the hardness and the impact wear resistance of the surfacing metal.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method is the same as that of example 1, except that no boron carbide is contained in the formulation, and the average hardness of the surfacing metal of comparative example 2 is 50HRC, which is lower than 56HRC of example 1.
The test shows that the surfacing layer has transverse microcracks on the surface and is well formed. This is similar to the boron carbide-free method, which cannot produce Mo with a coefficient of linear expansion similar to that of steel2FeB2It is related.
An MLD-10 type dynamic load abrasive wear testing machine is adopted to carry out an impact wear test, the impact hammer load is 100N, the impact frequency is 100 times/min, the lower sample material is 40Cr steel (the hardness is 50HRC) subjected to quenching and tempering treatment, and the diameter of the lower sample is
The rotating speed is 200 r/min, the grinding material is 20 mesh white corundum, the size of an impact abrasion sample is 10mm multiplied by 40mm, and the height of the surfacing metal is 5 mm. The work of impact was 5J, the time to impact abrasion was 1.5 hours, and the average abrasion amount of the three samples of comparative example 2 was 0.55g higher than that of example 1, which was 0.34 g. Description of Mo2FeB2Has important effect on improving the hardness and the impact and wear resistance of the surfacing metal.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents can be made in the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A boride and carbide composite reinforced anti-impact surfacing wear-resistant alloy powder block is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 38-45 parts of molybdenum powder, 5-12 parts of boron carbide, 40-45 parts of chromium carbide, 10-15 parts of high-carbon ferrochrome, 8-12 parts of graphite, 9-14 parts of zircon, 1-4 parts of ferrovanadium, 6-10 parts of iron powder, 5-15 parts of adhesive and 0-8 parts of titanium dioxide.
2. The boride and carbide composite reinforced impact-resistant surfacing wear-resistant alloy powder block according to claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 38-42 parts of molybdenum powder, 5-8 parts of boron carbide, 40-42 parts of chromium carbide, 10-12 parts of high-carbon ferrochrome, 8-10 parts of graphite, 9-12 parts of zircon, 1-2 parts of ferrovanadium, 6-8 parts of iron powder, 5-10 parts of adhesive and 0-4 parts of titanium dioxide.
3. The boride and carbide composite reinforced impact-resistant surfacing wear-resistant alloy powder block according to claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 42-45 parts of molybdenum powder, 8-12 parts of boron carbide, 42-45 parts of chromium carbide, 12-15 parts of high-carbon ferrochrome, 10-12 parts of graphite, 12-14 parts of zircon quartz, 2-4 parts of ferrovanadium, 8-10 parts of iron powder, 10-15 parts of adhesive and 4-8 parts of titanium dioxide.
4. The boride and carbide composite reinforced impact-resistant surfacing wear-resistant alloy powder block according to claim 1, wherein the binder is water glass, the modulus of the water glass is 2.5 to 3.0, and the baume degree is 39 to 50.
5. The boride and carbide composite reinforced impact-resistant surfacing wear-resistant alloy powder according to claim 4, wherein the water glass is sodium water glass or potassium-sodium mixed water glass, wherein potassium in the potassium-sodium mixed water glass is 1 to 3 parts by mass, and sodium in the potassium-sodium mixed water glass is 1 part by mass.
6. The boride and carbide composite reinforced impact-resistant surfacing wear-resistant alloy powder block according to claim 1, wherein the molybdenum powder comprises, by mass, not less than 99.8% of Mo;
or boron carbide in the mass percentage of B4The content of C is not less than 97%;
or chromium carbide in mass percent2C3The content is not less than 98 percent;
or the Cr content of the high-carbon ferrochrome is not less than 60 percent, the C content is 8-10 percent, the Si content is not more than 5 percent, and the balance is Fe;
or the graphite comprises 94-99% of C by mass percent;
or the zircon has a composition of ZrO in mass percent2Not less than 63% of Fe2O3Not more than 0.7%, TiO22% or less, 0.05% or less S and 0.22% or less P;
or the ferrovanadium comprises 75-85% of V, not more than 0.06% of C, not more than 2% of Si, not more than 1.5% of Al and the balance of Fe by mass percent;
or the iron powder is atomized iron powder, and the Fe content is not less than 99.9 percent in mass percentage;
or TiO in percentage by mass of the components of titanium dioxide2The content is not less than 98%.
7. The boride and carbide composite reinforced impact resistant hardfacing abrasion-resistant alloy powder of claim 1, wherein the particle size of the feedstock is 75 to 180 microns.
8. A method for preparing the boride and carbide composite reinforced impact resistant surfacing wear resistant alloy powder block according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
uniformly mixing titanium dioxide, graphite, boron carbide and zircon to obtain non-alloy mixed powder;
adding molybdenum powder, chromium carbide, high-carbon ferrochrome, ferrovanadium and iron powder into the non-alloy mixed powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain dry mixed powder;
adding water glass into the dry mixed powder, and uniformly mixing;
and molding and drying by adopting a die pressing or welding rod hydraulic powder coating machine to obtain the alloy powder block product.
9. The method for preparing boride and carbide composite reinforced anti-impact surfacing wear-resistant alloy powder block according to claim 8, wherein titanium dioxide is not added when the alloy powder block is produced by a die pressing process.
10. Use of boride and carbide composite strengthened impact resistant hardfacing alloy powder pieces of any of claims 1 to 7 in the preparation of a surface layer by arc deposition.
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