CN111230297A - Laser welding small hole depth increasing method - Google Patents
Laser welding small hole depth increasing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111230297A CN111230297A CN202010068450.XA CN202010068450A CN111230297A CN 111230297 A CN111230297 A CN 111230297A CN 202010068450 A CN202010068450 A CN 202010068450A CN 111230297 A CN111230297 A CN 111230297A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for increasing the depth of a laser welding small hole, which relates to the technical field of laser welding and comprises the following steps: s1, preprocessing: carrying out surface treatment on a workpiece to be welded, coating an active agent solution, and standing until the solvent is volatilized; wherein the activator is a polar metal oxide, halide or rare earth oxide; s2, preparing a sample to be welded; s3, controlling welding parameters to carry out laser welding: the laser power P is 1-10 Kw, the welding speed v is 1-50 mm/s, and the defocusing amount is-5 mm. The invention does not need to adopt an auxiliary light source or a heat source, reduces the use of auxiliary equipment and obviously reduces the cost; the surface of a workpiece to be welded is coated with the active agent solution, so that the depth of a welding small hole can be greatly increased, the shape of the small hole is improved, and the stability of the small hole is enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to a method for increasing the depth of a small hole in laser welding.
Background
Laser welding has been gradually applied to the welding of thick metal plates because of its advantages of high energy density, fast welding speed, small heat input, strong weld pool flow capacity, etc. The local violent evaporation and vaporization of the material surface under the action of high-power laser, and the evaporation and vaporization pressure discharges the molten metal to form small holes. Compared with thin plate welding, the laser power density required for realizing thick plate welding is higher, the capability of inducing laser plasma is stronger, the recoil driving force of metal vapor is larger, the depth of the formed laser small hole is larger, the stability of the small hole is poorer, and the defects of air holes, cracks, collapse and the like are easier to generate. The increase of the depth of the small welding hole, the improvement of the shape and the improvement of the stability are always difficult problems of high-power laser welding thick plates, and the quality of joints is seriously influenced.
As shown in fig. 6, the methods for increasing the depth of the laser welding pinhole mainly include:
(1) the basic method of the two/multiple beam welding method is to weld two or more beams output by two or more lasers simultaneously in a front-rear arrangement, a parallel arrangement or an up-down arrangement. Increasing the depth of the weld keyhole is achieved by means of laser beams incident on the keyhole opening created by another laser beam to weld the workpiece in a deep penetration manner, or laser beams from different laser sources or the same laser source are superimposed and focused at different depths of the workpiece, or two laser beams alternately irradiate the workpiece in time, or the like. However, the method needs to add an additional laser light source generator and a beam path splitting device, and also needs to precisely control the setting of the process parameters such as the laser focus position, the irradiation time and the like, and particularly, the laser focus position is difficult to realize precise positioning.
(2) Laser hybrid welding methods, such as laser-arc hybrid welding. The laser and the electric arc heat source are compounded, the electric arc has a diluting effect on the plasma, the shielding effect on the laser can be reduced, and meanwhile, the laser has guiding and focusing effects on the electric arc, so that the depth of the small hole in the welding process is increased, and the stability is improved. However, an additional arc generator and other corresponding matching devices are also needed, the ratio of laser energy to arc heat needs to be controlled during welding, and the thermal coupling relationship between the laser energy and the arc heat and the sample needs to be studied. In addition, this method easily causes an asymmetric heat source, and the welding quality is greatly affected by the welding direction, and is difficult to be applied to curved or three-dimensional welding.
(3) By changing the composition of the protective gas, i.e. using inert and reactive gasesThe mixed gas is used as protective gas. The depth of the laser small hole is increased by adjusting the content of active gas in the protective gas, and the weld penetration is improved. Although by adjusting the content of the reactive gas in the protective gas, O is contained2Or CO2The gas can change the pressure balance in the laser small hole in the welding process, so that the depth of the laser small hole is increased, and the weld penetration is improved. However, the protective gas is fed in through the side-blowing nozzle at an inclination angle of 45 degrees with the welding position, which easily causes uneven pressure distribution inside and outside the hole, so that the shape of the small hole and the molten pool in the welding process fluctuate, and defects such as weld surface collapse and splashing are easily generated. Simultaneously, directly adding O2Or CO2The gas is sent into a welding pool, and oxygen pores and oxide slag inclusion are easily generated in a welding seam, so that the welding quality is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for increasing the depth of a small hole in laser welding, and aims to solve the problems that an additional matching device is required, the control is difficult, welding defects are easy to generate and the like in the conventional welding method.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the invention provides a method for increasing the depth of a laser welding small hole, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preprocessing: carrying out surface treatment on a workpiece to be welded, coating an active agent solution, and standing until the solvent is volatilized; wherein the activator is a polar metal oxide, halide or rare earth oxide;
s2, preparing a sample to be welded;
s3, controlling welding parameters to carry out laser welding: the laser power P is 1-10 Kw, the welding speed v is 1-50 mm/s, and the defocusing amount is-5 mm.
Further, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the surface treatment of the workpiece to be welded specifically includes:
and wiping the surface of the workpiece to be welded by using acetone to remove oil-immersed dust.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the active agent is a polar metal oxide.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the coating amount of the active agent is 0.01-0.1 g/cm2。
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the coating amount of the active agent is 0.04-0.07 g/cm2。
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the coating of the active agent solution specifically includes:
fully grinding the active agent and preparing the active agent into supersaturated solution, placing the supersaturated solution into a coating cup of a spray gun, starting an air compressor, controlling the spraying distance and the spraying range according to the welding requirement, and uniformly spraying the active agent solution on the surface of a workpiece to be welded.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the workpiece to be welded is made of a thick stainless steel plate.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solvent used in the active agent solution is acetone.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, preparing a to-be-welded sample specifically includes:
and overlapping the pretreated workpiece to be welded and the high borosilicate glass to form a sandwich sample, and clamping by using a clamp.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the laser power P is 2 to 5Kw, the welding speed v is 5 to 20mm/S, and the defocus amount is-3 to-1 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the laser welding small hole depth increasing method obtained through the design, the surface of a workpiece to be welded is coated with the active agent solution, so that the welding small hole depth can be greatly increased, the small hole shape is improved, and the small hole stability is enhanced. The method is beneficial to discharging gas in the molten metal, further inhibits the generation of defects such as air holes and splashing, increases the weld penetration, improves the welding defects, improves the welding quality, and effectively solves the problems that the low-power laser cannot realize medium plate welding and ultrahigh-power laser welding and the like, and the quality of the thick plate is poor.
(2) The invention does not need to adopt an auxiliary light source or a heat source, reduces the use of auxiliary equipment, obviously reduces the cost and simplifies the test conditions. Meanwhile, the problems of irregular shape of small holes, air holes, slag inclusion, splashing and the like caused by directly and obliquely introducing active gas can be effectively solved and avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the principle of active laser welding in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a process of a laser welding test in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a laser welding test in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a pinhole profile of a prior art laser welding process of a sample that is not coated with an active agent;
FIG. 5 shows Cr coating in an example of the present invention2O3Small pore morphology of the sample laser welding process of the active agent;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the principle of active laser welding in the prior art.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the equipment or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for increasing a depth of a laser welding keyhole, which is performed in a laser welding test system, and includes the following steps:
s1, preprocessing: and (3) performing surface treatment on the workpiece to be welded, coating an active agent solution, and standing until the solvent is volatilized.
Further, in the present embodiment, in the laser welding, in order to remove dirt and dust and ensure the welding quality, the workpiece to be welded needs to be subjected to surface treatment. Optionally, volatile solvents such as acetone and ethanol can be used for wiping the surface of the workpiece to be welded to remove oil-immersed dust; or pickling the place to be welded, washing with water and drying. The present invention is not particularly limited.
Wherein the activator is a polar metal oxide, a halide or a rare earth oxide. Wherein the halide may be CaF2NaF, KF, NaCl, etc., and the rare earth oxide may be Nb2O5、La2O3、CeO2And the like. Preferably, the active agent is a polar metal oxide, which may be Ti2O3、Al2O3MgO, etc., and the present invention is not particularly limited.
Preferably, the material of the workpiece to be welded can be selected from stainless steel, carbon steel, alloy steel, plastic, titanium, aluminum, copper and alloy thereof, and the like. Preferably, the workpiece to be welded is made of a stainless steel thick plate. The stainless steel is cheap and easy to obtain, the welding performance is good, and preferably, when the adopted active agent is consistent with the main components of the stainless steel base material, the introduced elements cannot change the welding seam quality, so that the welding quality is improved.
Preferably, the activator is Cr2O3. The polar oxide can increase the absorption of the laser energy by the workpiece, and in terms of molecular energy, O is the substance with the largest electronegativity in nature, the electronegativity of Cr metal is smaller, the larger the difference of electronegativity of the constituent elements of the molecule is, the larger the polarity of the molecule is, and the larger the polarity of the molecule is, the larger the absorption capacity of the laser is.
In this embodiment, the solvent in the active agent solution can be a volatile solvent such as ethanol or acetone, and preferably, the solvent is a volatile solvent such as acetone.
Further, in step S1, the coating amount of the active agent is 0.01 to 0.1g/cm2. More preferably, the coating amount of the active agent is 0.04-0.07 g/cm2. The activator is coated on the surface of the workpiece to be welded to form a fine particle coating with a certain gap structure, so that the reflection of the workpiece to laser is reduced; at the same time, the irregularities in the surface shape of the active agent powder particles make the scattered laser light easily absorbed by other particles. In addition, the active atoms are converted into negatively charged negative particles due to the adsorption of free electrons in the photo-induced plasma during the laser welding process, and the moving speed of the negative particles is slower than that of the free electrons due to the larger mass of the negative particles, and the negative particles migrate to the edge of the plasma. Finally, a part of negative particles become the motion of free electrons, and meanwhile, a part of negative particles disappear in the atmosphere, so that the electron density of the welding plasma is effectively reduced, and the negative effects of reflection, refraction, inverse flexible absorption, scattering and the like of the laser beam by the plasma are weakened and inhibited to a certain extent, so that the laser power density reaching the surface of the workpiece to be welded is effectively increased. When the coating thickness is higher, the gain of the coating to laser energy absorption is increased, the energy density acting on the front edge of the small hole is also increased at the maximum value, and the deep melting and the penetration of the laser into the small hole are facilitated to develop to the depth. However, when the coating amount is too large, the coating uniformity is difficult to ensure, and other problems such as solder spatter are liable to occur.
Further, in step S1, the coating active agent solution specifically includes: fully grinding the active agent and preparing the active agent into supersaturated solution, placing the supersaturated solution into a coating cup of a spray gun, starting an air compressor, controlling the spraying distance and the spraying range according to the welding requirement, and uniformly spraying the active agent solution on the surface of a workpiece to be welded. And the spray gun is adopted for spraying, so that the coating is more uniform, and the unevenness of manual coating is avoided.
And S2, preparing a sample to be welded.
Further, in step S2, preparing a sample to be welded specifically includes: and overlapping the pretreated workpiece to be welded and high glass to form a sandwich sample, and clamping by using a clamp.
The high borosilicate glass has excellent physical and chemical properties and low thermal expansion coefficient, can better bear higher temperature difference, and has good lamp flame processing performance. Optionally, the high borosilicate glass may be selected from GG17 glass, and GG17 glass does not absorb laser light, and can clearly observe the shape of the small hole without interference.
S3, controlling welding parameters to carry out laser welding: the laser power P is 1-10 Kw, the welding speed v is 1-50 mm/s, and the defocusing amount is-5 mm. More preferably, the laser power P is 2 to 5Kw, the welding speed v is 5 to 20mm/s, and the defocus amount is-3 to-1 mm.
In the embodiment, the laser deep fusion welding of the thick plate is realized by combining active agent coating and laser welding, and during welding, the laser energy absorption rate can be increased, the heat source penetration capacity can be increased, the surface tension temperature gradient can be changed by selecting a certain laser power and welding specifications, so that a tension flow in which liquid metal flows from the periphery to the center is formed, the depth of a welding small hole is greatly increased, the shape of the small hole is improved, and the stability is enhanced.
Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, for the sake of understanding, the reactive laser welding thick plate test is performed in a reactive laser welding system, and a stainless steel sample of 40X 8mm is specifically described below as an example. Wherein, during the welding process, a high-speed camera system is adopted to penetrate through GG17 glass and observe the depth and the shape of the small hole.
Stainless steel of 40X 8mm specification is prepared as a workpiece to be welded, and the surface of the workpiece to be welded is wiped with acetone to remove oil-impregnated dust.
Cr weighing by using precision electronic scale2O3An active agent is added into a cup to measure an acetone solution, and Cr is added2O3The activator is dissolved in acetone solution to prepare supersaturated solution. And (3) putting the supersaturated solution into a coating cup of a micro spray gun, starting an air compressor, adjusting the flow of protective gas to be 20L/min, controlling the spraying distance and the spraying range, uniformly spraying the active agent solution on the surface of a workpiece to be welded through the micro spray gun, and standing the workpiece to be welded until acetone is completely volatilized after the spraying is finished. Wherein the spraying thickness is controlled to be 0.04-0.07 g/cm2。
Treat welding workpiece and GG17 glass and make novel "sandwich" test piece through special fixture with above-mentioned standing after, use fiber laser to carry out the laser welding experiment, welding parameter is: the power is 3.2kW, the welding speed is 10mm/s, the flow of the protective gas is 20L/min, and the welding of the stainless steel thick plate with medium and low power can be effectively realized.
Comparing fig. 4 and fig. 5, when the sample to be welded is not coated with the active agent, the temperature coefficient of the surface tension of the liquid metal in the molten pool is negative, namely, the temperature in the edge area of the molten pool is lower, the surface tension value is higher, a surface tension flow flowing from the central area of the molten pool to the periphery of the molten pool is formed, and the depth of the small hole is small. After the sample is coated with the activating agent, the activating agent enables the oxygen content on the surface layer of the molten pool to be increased sharply, the surface tension temperature gradient is changed, the surface tension value of the liquid metal of the molten pool is reduced and is changed into a positive temperature coefficient, and the direction of the surface tension flow of the molten pool is changed to flow from the periphery of the molten pool to the central area of the molten pool. The coating of the active agent increases the penetration rate of welding, the laser heat directly transferred to the bottom of the molten pool through the molten liquid flow in the central area of the molten pool improves the heating efficiency of the whole molten pool, and the high-density concentrated heat source promotes the expansion of the depth of the small hole and enlarges the shape of the bottom of the small hole. Under the action of the activator, the increase of the depth of the laser welding small hole, the improvement and the stable improvement of the shape of the small hole are beneficial to the increase of the weld penetration, the improvement of the cross section shape of the weld, the inhibition of the generation of welding defects and the improvement of the welding quality.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A laser welding small hole depth increasing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preprocessing: carrying out surface treatment on a workpiece to be welded, coating an active agent solution, and standing until the solvent is volatilized; wherein the activator is a polar metal oxide, halide or rare earth oxide;
s2, preparing a sample to be welded;
s3, controlling welding parameters to carry out laser welding: the laser power P is 1-10 Kw, the welding speed v is 1-50 mm/s, and the defocusing amount is-5 mm.
2. The laser welding keyhole depth increasing method as recited in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the surface treatment of the workpiece to be welded specifically includes:
and wiping the surface of the workpiece to be welded by using acetone to remove oil-immersed dust.
3. The laser welding keyhole depth increasing method as recited in claim 1, wherein in step S1, said activator is a polar metal oxide.
4. The method for increasing the depth of a laser welding keyhole according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the amount of the active agent applied is 0.01 to 0.1g/cm2。
5. The method for increasing the depth of a laser welding keyhole according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the amount of the active agent applied is 0.04 to 0.07g/cm2。
6. The laser welding keyhole depth increasing method as recited in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the coating of the active agent solution specifically includes:
fully grinding the active agent and preparing the active agent into supersaturated solution, placing the supersaturated solution into a coating cup of a spray gun, starting an air compressor, controlling the spraying distance and the spraying range according to the welding requirement, and uniformly spraying the active agent solution on the surface of a workpiece to be welded.
7. The method for increasing the depth of a laser welding keyhole according to claim 1, wherein the workpiece to be welded is made of a stainless steel thick plate.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the solvent used in the solution of the active agent is acetone.
9. The laser welding keyhole depth increasing method as recited in claim 1, wherein in step S2, preparing a test piece to be welded specifically includes:
and overlapping the pretreated workpiece to be welded and the high borosilicate glass to form a sandwich sample, and clamping by using a clamp.
10. The method for increasing the depth of a laser welding keyhole according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the laser power P is 2 to 5Kw, the welding speed v is 5 to 20mm/S, and the defocus amount is-3 to-1 mm.
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| CN112643203A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-04-13 | 欣旺达电动汽车电池有限公司 | Workpiece welding method, electrode assembly, single battery and electric equipment |
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Application publication date: 20200605 |