CN111229120B - Mixed system containing fatty acid type surfactant and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of surfactants, and discloses a mixed system containing a fatty acid type surfactant and a preparation method thereof, wherein the mixed system contains long-chain fatty acid with 11-16 carbon atoms and 3,3 '-imino-bis (N, N-dimethylpropylamine), and the molar ratio of the long-chain fatty acid to the 3, 3' -imino-bis (N, N-dimethylpropylamine) is 100: 100-120. In another aspect, the disclosed method for preparing a mixed system containing a fatty acid-type surfactant comprises mixing a long-chain fatty acid having 11 to 16 carbon atoms with 3, 3' -iminobis (N, N-dimethylpropylamine) until the solid is dissolved. In addition, the invention also discloses a mixed system prepared by the method. The mixed system of the invention can contain no water, can be stably stored without crystallization, and can be diluted in a large proportion when in use. Moreover, the formula and the preparation method of the invention are simple and easy to popularize and apply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of surfactants, in particular to a mixed system containing fatty acid type surfactants and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Fatty acid and sodium salt of fatty acid are a kind of surfactant with wide application range, and relates to civil use, oil exploitation, chemical industry and other aspects. The fatty acid surfactant is healthy and environment-friendly, such as soaps used in daily life and chemical production. And can be prepared by petroleum refining or obtained from animal and vegetable fats in large quantities, and has the advantages of wide sources, low cost and the like. Especially for petrochemical industry, the long-chain fatty acid obtained from oil refining products has more cost advantage than the sodium sulfonate surfactant with long chain alkyl used in large amount at present. However, the fatty acid surfactants have poor solubility and are difficult to exist in a liquid homogeneous form, and have great disadvantages compared with long-chain alkyl sodium sulfonate surfactants. Therefore, obtaining a high concentration solubilization system of fatty acids is the key to achieving its industrial application.
Surfactants exist in a variety of aggregated forms in a stable formulation, including true solutions (required below the critical micelle concentration CMC), micelles, worm-like micelles, and lamellar vesicles. The characters reflected in the formula are dilute solution, viscous solution, gel and solid. Conventional fatty acid surfactants are mostly in the form of their sodium salts. The sodium salt of fatty acid is solid at normal temperature and is easy to phase separate when being miscible with water (the sodium salt of fatty acid is a white solid precipitate, and the upper layer is a clear solution), so that a stable solution system cannot be formed. In recent years, the positive charge quaternary ammonium salt and organic amine are used for solubilizing the fatty acid surfactant, but the obtained solubilizing system can just neutralize the fatty acid to form a stable miscible system only when the molar ratio of the fatty acid to the quaternary ammonium salt (or the organic amine) is 1: 1.
Document Douliez, j.p.; navailes, l.; phase behavior of systems that neutralize Fatty acids with diamines was studied by Nallet, F.Self-Assembly of Fatty Acid-Alkylbodiamine salts.Langmuir 2006,22, 622-. Compared with quaternary ammonium salt and monoamine solubilized fatty acid, diamine solubilized fatty acid has more advantages, a mixed system of fatty acid and diamine in various molar ratios can be obtained, and the composition range of the formula is expanded. However, solubilization of fatty acid-type surfactants with diamines presents an inevitable problem, namely phase-separated crystallization of fatty acids. For example, in this document (Langmuir 2006,22,622-627), when hexadecanoic acid and diamines such as ethylenediamine, butanediamine, hexanediamine, etc. are mixed at a molar ratio of 0.5 to 2, a fatty acid concentration of 1% (fatty acid/water mass%) can give a mixed solution aggregated in lamellar vesicles. However, even at a low concentration of 1% after standing at room temperature for one day, white crystalline solids appeared in the samples, i.e., crystallization occurred, and the performance properties were impaired. Thus, this disadvantage severely limits the large-scale industrial application of diamine-solubilized fatty acid systems.
In addition, the petrochemical industry and the daily chemical industry require higher concentrations of the fatty acid surfactant. The low concentration not only causes the increase of water consumption, but also correspondingly increases the energy consumption of transportation and transportation. In other words, the current fatty acid solubilization system cannot satisfy both the requirements of stability against crystallization and high concentration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems of low concentration of fatty acid and easy crystallization in the prior art, and provides a mixed system containing a fatty acid type surfactant and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides, in one aspect, a mixed system containing a fatty acid-type surfactant, the mixed system containing a long-chain fatty acid having 11 to 16 carbon atoms and 3,3 '-iminobis (N, N-dimethylpropylamine), wherein the molar ratio between the long-chain fatty acid and the 3, 3' -iminobis (N, N-dimethylpropylamine) is 100: 100-.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a mixed system containing a fatty acid-type surfactant, which comprises mixing a long-chain fatty acid having 11 to 16 carbon atoms and 3,3 '-iminobis (N, N-dimethylpropylamine) until the solid is dissolved, wherein the molar ratio between the long-chain fatty acid and the 3, 3' -iminobis (N, N-dimethylpropylamine) is 100: 100-120.
In addition, the invention also provides a mixed system prepared by the method.
The mixed system (miscible system) of the invention enables long-chain fatty acid to be directly dissolved in organic amine and exist in an anhydrous form, and the miscible system is stably stored and does not crystallize. The 3, 3' -imino-bis (N, N-dimethylpropylamine) has a longer carbon chain, and can form a double-ended Bola type surfactant through the action of charges. The mixed system of the invention can be free of water, the organic amine is directly and completely dissolved with the fatty acid, and the water-containing fatty acid and organic amine mutual soluble formula can be obtained by diluting according to a certain proportion. In conclusion, the miscible system of the present invention exerts more effect of the surfactant. Moreover, the formula and the preparation method of the invention are simple and easy to popularize and apply.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph showing a Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) detection result of a mixed system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The mixed system containing the fatty acid type surfactant comprises a long-chain fatty acid with 11-16 carbon atoms and 3,3 '-iminobis (N, N-dimethylpropylamine), wherein the molar ratio of the long-chain fatty acid to the 3, 3' -iminobis (N, N-dimethylpropylamine) is 100:100-120, and preferably 1: 1.
According to the present invention, the long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid having 11 to 16 carbon atoms, preferably a straight-chain fatty acid including a saturated straight-chain fatty acid and/or an unsaturated straight-chain fatty acid, and more preferably, the long-chain fatty acid is at least one selected from the group consisting of undecanoic acid, 10-undecylenic acid (undecylenic acid), dodecanoic acid (lauric acid), tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid), pentadecanoic acid, and hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid).
According to the invention, the structural formula of the 3, 3' -imino-bis (N, N-dimethylpropylamine) is shown in the specification
According to the invention, the mixed system can also be diluted with water, and therefore the mixed system can also contain water.
In a preferred embodiment, the mixed system contains water, and the long chain fatty acid is present in an amount of 0.1 to 15 wt.%, based on the total weight of the mixed system.
In another preferred embodiment, when the long-chain fatty acid has 11 to 14 carbon atoms and the mixed system contains water, the content of the long-chain fatty acid is 0.1 to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the mixed system.
The method for preparing the mixed system containing the fatty acid type surfactant comprises the step of mixing a long-chain fatty acid with 11-16 carbon atoms and 3,3 '-iminobis (N, N-dimethylpropylamine) until solids are dissolved, wherein the molar ratio of the long-chain fatty acid to the 3, 3' -iminobis (N, N-dimethylpropylamine) is 100:100-120, and preferably 1: 1.
According to the present invention, the long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid having 11 to 16 carbon atoms, preferably a straight-chain fatty acid including a saturated straight-chain fatty acid and/or an unsaturated straight-chain fatty acid, and more preferably, the long-chain fatty acid is at least one selected from the group consisting of undecanoic acid, 10-undecylenic acid (undecylenic acid), dodecanoic acid (lauric acid), tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid), pentadecanoic acid, and hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid).
According to the invention, the mixing can also be carried out in the presence of water, that is, the process comprises mixing a long-chain fatty acid having 11 to 16 carbon atoms, 3' -iminobis (N, N-dimethylpropylamine) and water until the solid is dissolved.
In a preferred embodiment, the mixing is carried out in the presence of water, the long chain fatty acid being present in an amount of 0.1 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the mixed system.
In another preferred embodiment, the long chain fatty acid has 11 to 14 carbon atoms and the mixing is carried out in the presence of water, the long chain fatty acid being contained in an amount of 0.1 to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the mixed system.
In the present invention, the mixing conditions are not particularly limited as long as the long-chain fatty acid is dissolved to form a miscible system. The solution can be accelerated by adopting a mode of standing for a long time, keeping constant temperature after heating, repeatedly heating and cooling, or a physical mode of vortex oscillation, stirring and the like. Preferably, the mixing is carried out at a temperature of 60-80 ℃.
In the present invention, the mixing may be carried out in various conventional manners, and the order of mixing the components is not particularly limited.
Preferably, the mixing mode is as follows: contacting a long chain fatty acid with 3, 3' -iminobis (N, N-dimethylpropylamine) and holding at 60-80 ℃ until the solid dissolves;
or, the mixing mode is as follows: the long-chain fatty acid is contacted with 3, 3' -imino-bis (N, N-dimethylpropylamine), the temperature is raised to 60-80 ℃, the temperature is kept for more than 10min, then the temperature is lowered to room temperature or 0 ℃, the temperature is kept for more than 10min, and the temperature is raised and lowered repeatedly until the solid is dissolved. Unless otherwise stated, "room temperature" is generally in the range of 15 to 25 ℃.
In the above preferred mixing mode, there is no special requirement for the duration of the constant temperature, and the duration can be long or short, and the experimenter can adjust and control according to the actual experimental requirements, but considering that the time is shortened as much as possible, the preparation efficiency is improved, the time of the constant temperature is usually below 72h, and each repetition stage can be the same or different.
In addition, the invention also provides a mixed system prepared by the method.
The fatty acid type surfactant is widely applied to the fields of chemical environmental protection, daily necessities such as laundry detergent (emulsifier and/or stabilizer), tertiary oil recovery (oil displacement agent) and the like, and the undecylenic acid can be applied to the fields of medicinal preparations, coating paste for treating onychomycosis and the like.
In the invention, long-chain fatty acid and 3, 3' -imino-bis (N, N-dimethylpropylamine) are mutually dissolved in a molar ratio of 1:1 under anhydrous condition to form a mixed system similar to ionic liquid, so that the mixed system can be used as fatty acid ionic liquid.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples.
In the following examples, 10-undecylenic acid was purchased from echiei (shanghai) chemical industry development limited; dodecanoic acid (lauric acid), tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid), hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid) were purchased from national pharmaceutical group chemicals, ltd; n, N ' -Tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), N ' -tetramethyl-1, 3-propanediamine (TMPDA), N ' -tetramethyl-1, 3-butanediamine (TMBDA), N ' -Tetramethylhexanediamine (TMHDA), and 3,3 ' -iminobis (N, N-dimethylpropylamine) (IBDPA) were purchased from schehia (shanghai) chemical industry development limited.
Examples 1 to 9
According to the dosage shown in the table 1, the long-chain fatty acid and the IBDPA are weighed and placed in a sample bottle, and the mixing mode is constant temperature or repeatedly increasing and decreasing the temperature after sealing, which is shown in the column of the mixing mode of constant temperature or repeatedly increasing and decreasing the temperature in the table 1. The constant temperature method comprises heating a sample to a certain temperature (see the column of table 1 "temperature") for a certain time (see the column of table 1 "constant temperature time") until the solid is completely dissolved to obtain a mixed system sample; the repeated heating and cooling method comprises heating the sample to a certain temperature (see the column of "temperature" in table 1), keeping the temperature for a certain time (see the column of "constant temperature time" in table 1), cooling to about 0 deg.C, keeping the temperature for 10min, and repeatedly heating and cooling for multiple times (see the column of "constant temperature time" in table 1).
In table 1, "molar ratio" refers to the molar ratio between long chain fatty acids and IBDPA.
Examples 10 to 17
Weighing long-chain fatty acid and IBDPA according to the dosage shown in the table 2, placing the long-chain fatty acid and the IBDPA in a sample bottle, and adding deionized water; the mixing mode after sealing is constant temperature or repeatedly increasing and decreasing temperature, which is shown in the column "constant temperature" or "repeatedly increasing and decreasing temperature" of the mixing mode in table 2. The constant temperature method comprises heating the sample to a certain temperature (see the column of "temperature" in table 2), keeping the temperature for a certain time (see the column of "constant temperature time" in table 2) until the solid is completely dissolved, and obtaining a mixed system sample; the repeated heating and cooling method comprises heating the sample to a certain temperature (see the column of "temperature" in table 2), keeping the temperature for a certain time (see the column of "constant temperature time" in table 2), cooling to about 0 deg.C, keeping the temperature for 10min, and repeatedly heating and cooling for multiple times (see the column of "constant temperature time" in table 2).
In Table 2, "molar ratio" refers to the molar ratio between long chain fatty acids and IBDPA, and "weight ratio" refers to the weight percentage of long chain fatty acids based on the total weight of the sample.
Comparative example 1
A mixed system containing a fatty acid type surfactant was prepared in the same manner as in example 2, except that IBDPA was replaced with TMHDA and the constant temperature time was extended.
Comparative example 2
A mixed system containing a fatty acid type surfactant was prepared in the same manner as in example 4, except that IBDPA was replaced with TMEDA and the constant temperature time was prolonged.
Comparative example 3
A mixed system containing a fatty acid type surfactant was prepared in the same manner as in example 3, except that IBDPA was replaced with TMPDA and the mixing time was extended.
Comparative example 4
A mixed system containing a fatty acid type surfactant was prepared in the same manner as in example 4, except that IBDPA was replaced with TMBDA and the mixing time was extended.
Comparative example 5
A mixed system containing a fatty acid type surfactant was prepared in the same manner as in example 4, except that IBDPA was replaced with TMHDA and the mixing time was extended.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
Test example 1
(1) The samples obtained in the above examples and comparative examples were left at room temperature (around 20 ℃ C.) for 24 hours, 72 hours, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months, and then observed for crystal formation. The observations are shown in table 3 under the column "properties" (showing the properties of each sample at various time points), with visually observed viscosity grades in parentheses:
viscosity is comparable to water: 0
Slightly greater viscosity than water: +
(2) Phase transition signals (fatty acids) of samples prepared in examples and comparative examples after being left for 3 months were measured at a temperature increase rate of 2 ℃/min using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) to determine whether phase separation occurred. Wherein, when phase separation does not occur in the IBDPA solubilization system, hexadecanoic acid has an endothermic phase transition peak at 36-39 ℃; the tetradecanoic acid has an endothermic phase transition peak at 14-21 ℃; the dodecanoic acid and 10-undecylenic acid have no phase transition peak at 0 deg.C or higher. In the sample in which the crystallization phase separation did not occur, the peak temperature of the phase transition peak detected by DSC was equal to or lower than the above peak temperature. 10-undecylenic acid and lauric acid system which are separated out by phase separation have phase transition peak at 0 ℃ or above; the tetradecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid system which is separated out by phase separation will have a phase transition peak with higher temperature. Thus, the presence or absence of fatty acid crystals was judged. The sample solidified and crystallized at room temperature was not subjected to the DSC experiment. The results of the measurements are shown in Table 3 below. The DSC results of the mixed system prepared in example 6 are shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 1 shows a mixed system of dodecanoic acid and IBDPA, without crystallization. The results of DSC measurements of the other examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
From the above results, it can be seen that the use of 3, 3' -iminobis (N, N-dimethylpropylamine) enables the mixed system of the present invention to be stored stably without crystal precipitation for 3 months, compared to other amines. Moreover, the mixed system of the invention can be diluted by water to obtain a mutual soluble formula of the water-containing fatty acid and the organic amine.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (14)
1. A mixed system containing a fatty acid type surfactant, which is characterized by comprising a long-chain fatty acid with 11-16 carbon atoms and 3,3 '-iminobis (N, N-dimethylpropylamine), wherein the molar ratio of the long-chain fatty acid to the 3, 3' -iminobis (N, N-dimethylpropylamine) is 100: 100-120.
2. The hybrid system according to claim 1, wherein the long chain fatty acid is a straight chain fatty acid.
3. The mixed system according to claim 1, wherein the long chain fatty acid is a saturated and/or unsaturated linear fatty acid.
4. The mixing system of claim 1, wherein the long chain fatty acid is selected from at least one of undecanoic acid, 10-undecenoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, and hexadecanoic acid.
5. The mixed system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mixed system further comprises water, the long chain fatty acid being present in an amount of 0.1 to 15 wt.%, based on the total weight of the mixed system;
or the long-chain fatty acid has 11 to 14 carbon atoms and the mixed system further contains water, and the content of the long-chain fatty acid is 0.1 to 20 wt% based on the total weight of the mixed system.
6. A method for producing a mixed system containing a fatty acid type surfactant, which comprises mixing a long-chain fatty acid having 11 to 16 carbon atoms and 3,3 '-iminobis (N, N-dimethylpropylamine) until the solid is dissolved, wherein the molar ratio between the long-chain fatty acid and the 3, 3' -iminobis (N, N-dimethylpropylamine) is 100: 100-120.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the long chain fatty acid is a straight chain fatty acid.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the long chain fatty acid is a saturated and/or unsaturated linear fatty acid.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the long chain fatty acid is selected from at least one of undecanoic acid, 10-undecenoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, and hexadecanoic acid.
10. The method of any of claims 6-9, wherein the mixing is performed in the presence of water, the long chain fatty acid being present in an amount of 0.1 to 15 wt.%, based on the total weight of the mixed system;
or the number of carbon atoms of the long-chain fatty acid is 11 to 14 and the mixing is carried out in the presence of water, and the content of the long-chain fatty acid is 0.1 to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the mixed system.
11. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the mixing is carried out at a temperature of 60 to 80 ℃.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the mixing is by: the long chain fatty acid is contacted with 3, 3' -iminobis (N, N-dimethylpropylamine) and maintained at a constant temperature of 60-80 ℃ until the solid dissolves.
13. The method according to any one of claims 6-9, wherein the mixing is performed by: the long-chain fatty acid is contacted with 3, 3' -imino-bis (N, N-dimethylpropylamine), the temperature is raised to 60-80 ℃, the temperature is kept for more than 10min, then the temperature is lowered to room temperature or 0 ℃, the temperature is kept for more than 10min, and the temperature is raised and lowered repeatedly until the solid is dissolved.
14. A mixed system made by the method of any one of claims 6-13.
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