CN111227980B

CN111227980B - Animal tibia surgical operation positioning fixing device

Info

Publication number: CN111227980B
Application number: CN201811432753.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王力平
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-11-28
Filing date: 2018-11-28
Publication date: 2022-03-11
Anticipated expiration: 2038-11-28
Also published as: CN111227980A

Abstract

The invention discloses a positioning and fixing device for animal tibia surgical operation, which comprises a tibia positioning fixing arm connected to an external fixing frame, wherein a popliteal fossa positioning unit, a knee fixing unit and an ankle fixing unit are arranged on the tibia positioning fixing arm, and the tibia positioning fixing arm is used for limiting and fixing the standard surgical position of animal tibia in the tibia operation to form a small surgical environment operating platform of a three-dimensional standard image of the tibia operation. The invention realizes the three-dimensional fixed-point operation fixation of the tibial bone surgery of the laboratory animal, and can ensure the implementation of the operation standardization operation of the tibial bone fixing needle puncture, the fracture and segmental bone defect experimental model, the repeatability of the tibial model operation technology of the experimental animal and the data reliability. The invention is assisted by a three-dimensional adjustable fixing frame as an external fixing frame, so that the tibia positioning fixing arm has stable three-dimensional variability based on vertical and horizontal axial directions, and can provide the required large-environment appropriate body position for the operation of an operator.

Description

Animal tibia surgical operation positioning fixing device

Technical Field

The invention relates to a special surgical instrument for a medical experimental animal model, in particular to a bone surgery positioning and fixing device which is used for establishing a tibial fracture and tibial segmental bone defect model of an experimental animal and implementing an orthopedic external fixation surgery technology, aims at laboratory animal surgery standardization and repeatability and ensures that a bone fixing needle for tibial external fixation is used for percutaneous puncture anchoring and tibial fracture or segmental bone defect fixed-point digital surgery.

Background

At present, the external fixation technology of the experimental model of the tibia of the small animal in a laboratory internationally is an inaccessible technical problem which is expected in a plurality of laboratories. Due to the difficulty in implementing standard, standard and repeatable bone surgery on small animals with conventional surgical instruments and the technical background of general laboratories, the research on bone wound repair and bone regeneration and basic science of bone biomaterials by using in vivo methodology of humanized transgenic mice cannot be practically applied in many laboratories around the world. The operability of the small animal bone surgery in the laboratory is the bottleneck which prevents the laboratory from developing the research of the small animal experimental model worldwide.

The research and development of special instruments for small animal bone surgery in laboratories is a cause that is scarce and has requirements in the field of life science research, and a series of products are also made by the research and development departments of Swiss, Germany and America internationally. However, the research and development of the special instruments for the small animal bone surgery have obvious problems, the feasibility of the instruments, accessories and actual surgical operation is disjointed, the professional technical background of the people who really do surgery in a laboratory is not considered, and the developed products are not easy to be practically applied. Therefore, no practical ideal product for the bone surgery of the laboratory small animals with breakthrough performance is developed all the time.

Taking a relatively simple external fixation model of femoral bone defect of small animal as an example, general laboratory professionals cannot normally implement and complete standard operation of small animal in laboratory due to disjointing of product design and application technical links of operation staff applying products. The products are all matched and connected into a bone defect external fixing support by taking a standard part screw and a standard part nut plate as structures, and the use requirements of the products are that holes need to be drilled on a fixed bone, the standard screws drilled and screwed into the holes need to be absolutely and standard vertical to the three-dimensional axial direction of a long bone pipe of the bone, the distance and the angle between the drilled holes of the long bone pipe screw and the distance and the angle between the drilled holes of the standard part nut plate are not different from those between the drilled holes of the standard part screw and the angle between the drilled holes of the long bone pipe screw and the standard part nut plate, and the screw thread openings of the screw ends of the screws for connecting the bone can be ensured to be meshed with the standard fixing part nut plate only by doing the above steps, namely, the bone holes drilled, the screwed screws and the connected nut plate can not be combined into a stable external fixing support only by having slight errors in the whole operation fixing technology. The problem is that it is not difficult to assemble a timepiece with such a procedure, since the frame of the timepiece can be fixed in a stable condition and the hole pitch and the three-dimensional vertical angle of each screw are also machined to a standard shape, but the bones of the mouse are not regular in the vertical and horizontal squares, and in particular, the above procedure is difficult to perform without the measures for stably fixing the bones of the mouse in the surgical operation.

With the establishment of genetically engineered animals with limited biological properties and the progress of important preclinical animal medical model technology for simulating human diseases, human application of humanized transgenic mouse model for "targeted" bone bioengineering research and clinical bone repair medical research is of increasing significance. However, the humanized transgenic animal model is limited to mice at present, and the operation is not easy to be successfully operated on the bone fixing technology of a mouse simulation clinical good stress bone fracture or segmental bone defect model; particularly, the expected external fixation technology for simulating clinical calf bone models is lack of reliable special surgical fixation instrument environments, and the standardized and repeated experimental results of the transgenic mouse tibia external fixation model are difficult to take out for years.

The external fixation technique for fracture and bone defect is widely used in plastic surgery and bone wound repair operation. However, the size of the transgenic mouse is too small, the tibia of the mouse is bent and the tube shape is irregular, the diameter of the backbone is too thin, and the mouse bone surgery instruments and the fixing materials are insufficient, and the surgery supporting environment which is suitable for the small tibia surgery operation of the mouse and can stabilize the tibia is lacked, so that the difficulty of performing the external fixation surgery of the mouse calf tibia is extremely high. This has directly led to the hard-to-study ability of researchers to successfully complete external fixation surgery on mouse tibial fractures and segmental bone defect models using external bone fixation means, limiting the ability of medical studies to attempt bone studies using humanized transgenic mouse tibial models.

Breaking through the external fixation technology of mouse tibia fracture and bone defect models is a great technical challenge for medical researchers. Although a novel ultra-fine diameter sleeve type bone fixing needle is invented and made a perfect effort, the possibility of electrically driving the percutaneous puncture of the bone fixing needle aiming at the tiny bones of the small animals is realized, however, the tibia of the mouse is curved, the size is extremely small, the operation space is limited, the body of the mouse after anesthesia is soft, the anatomical part of the bones under the soft tissue of the skin and the hair is difficult to separate, and the possibility of the percutaneous puncture implantation operation of the bone fixing needle is still limited. Practice shows that positioning needle threading or accurate operation is carried out under the condition of no skin opening, and under the condition that no standard three-dimensional operation fixing system device is provided, the operation bone is stabilized only by a free hand or a hand-held bone holding forceps of an operation assistant, so that the electric percutaneous needle insertion and bone threading operation is difficult to realize.

Therefore, the percutaneous bone drilling and threading needle is used for establishing an external bone fixation operation model, and the operation fixation is mainly performed on the limbs of the mouse operation. If a surgical fixation system could be developed that aimed at the three-dimensional stereotactic standard positioning of mouse bones, it would be possible to greatly increase the operability of laboratory small animal bone surgery. Only then is it possible to achieve standardization and reproducibility of the experimental animal bone surgery model; and only if the standard body position of the small animal skeleton of the operation body is stably fixed, the application of modern technologies such as operation under a tissue dissection microscope, operation of an operation robot, 3D operation of a numerical control mechanical arm and the like can be introduced. It should be noted that a three-dimensional surgical fixture is the basis for the practical application of surgical robotic surgery.

The core idea of the positioning and fixing device for the animal tibia surgical operation is to develop and establish a three-dimensional animal tibia positioning and fixing device, mainly solve the operability of small animal tibia surgical operation implementation, put the standardization, repeatability and stability required by the animal surgery in a laboratory on the technical program capable of implementing the surgery, and finally reflect the standardization, repeatability and stability on the surgery result of an animal experiment model.

The positioning and fixing device for the animal tibia surgical operation solves the technical problem that the operation of the laboratory small animal tibia surgical operation cannot be fixed. The tibia of the mouse is stably and reliably positioned and fixed in the operation, so that the operability of the laboratory small animal operation and the feasibility of the instrument spare part operation application are obviously improved; meanwhile, in the specific operation implementation, the device ensures the digital implementation operation standard, achieves the fixed point needle threading position, the fracture position, the cutting bone defect position and the cutting bone defect size, and truly realizes the standardization, the repeatability and the stability of a laboratory small animal operation model.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the operation positioning and fixing instrument which is simple in structure, convenient and practical and can carry out the tibial bone surgery of the mouse, and the high-difficulty external bone fixation operation technology which is difficult to implement by small shin bones of an experimental mouse and simulates a small animal model with good clinical site stress bone fracture and segmental bone defect is changed into the operation technology which can be driven and developed by technicians in a common laboratory.

In order to realize the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

animal shin bone surgery positioning and fixing device, its characterized in that, animal shin bone surgery positioning and fixing device includes shin bone location fixed arm, and shin bone location fixed arm is connected in outside mount, is equipped with popliteal nest positioning unit, knee fixed unit and ankle fixed unit on the shin bone location fixed arm, and shin bone surgery positioning fixed arm is arranged in the operation standard position of injecing animal shin bone in the shin bone operation and fixes, has formed the little environmental operation platform of operation of the three-dimensional standard position image of shin bone operation.

The tibia positioning and fixing device fixes and fixes the tibia of an animal on the tibia positioning and fixing arm by three anatomical sites (the popliteal fossa, the knee and the ankle), and the tibia operation positioning and fixing arm limits and fixes the operation standard position of a tibia solid object in an operation, so that three-dimensional fixed-point operation fixing of animal tibia orthopedic operations in a laboratory is realized, and further, the operation standardization operation of a tibia bone fixing needle puncture, fracture and segmental bone defect experiment model, the repeatability of an experiment animal tibia model operation technology and the data reliability are ensured. Particularly, in the operation of tibia surgery of small animals in a laboratory, the size of an operation object is too small, the operation visual field and the operation area are limited, the body of an anesthetized animal is soft, the bones under fur soft tissues are difficult to position, and the like.

As a preferred scheme of the present invention, the external fixing frame is a three-dimensional adjustable fixing frame; the three-dimensional adjustable fixing frame enables the tibia positioning fixing arm to have stable three-dimensional variability based on vertical and horizontal axial directions, and is used for providing the needed suitable body position of the large operation environment for an operator. In one embodiment, the three-dimensional adjustable fixing frame consists of a horizontal shaft, a vertical shaft and a three-dimensional controller connecting the horizontal shaft and the vertical shaft, and the three-dimensional controller is provided with a vertical lifting knob and a horizontal moving knob. The tibia operation positioning fixing arm is arranged at one end of the horizontal shaft. The three-dimensional adjustable fixing frame enables the tibia positioning fixing arm to have a three-dimensional adjustable function. The position and the angle of a core platform (a tibia positioning fixing arm for fixing the animal tibia) for operation can be changed at will by three-dimensional movement of the three-dimensional adjustable fixing frame and flexible adjustment of a corner, and the three-dimensional adjustable fixing frame is used for providing the needed position of an operation operator in a large environment.

As a preferred scheme of the invention, the popliteal fossa positioning unit comprises at least one popliteal fossa positioning fixing needle hole arranged on the tibia positioning fixing arm and a popliteal fossa positioning needle seat fixed on the back of the tibia positioning fixing arm, wherein at least one positioning needle sheath is arranged on the popliteal fossa positioning needle seat, and the positioning needle sheath is communicated with the popliteal fossa positioning fixing needle hole.

As a preferred scheme of the invention, the popliteal fossa positioning needle seat consists of a positioning needle seat platform base and a raised positioning needle sheath bin, and the positioning needle sheath is arranged in the positioning needle sheath bin.

In one specific embodiment, the popliteal fossa positioning and fixing needle holes are provided with three holes a, b and c which are obliquely arranged so as to meet the positioning and fixing of the shin bones of animals with different body sizes, for example, the needle hole a is used for fixing the shin bones of mice with the weight of between 15 and 25 grams, the needle hole b is used for the mice with the weight of between 26 and 35 grams, and the needle hole c is used for adult mice with the weight of more than 36 grams. A25 gauge syringe needle may be used with a popliteal locator needle for accessing the popliteal fossa. The popliteal locating needle seat can be fixedly connected with the tibia locating fixing arm by screws. Three positioning needle sheaths corresponding to the needle holes a, b and c of the popliteal positioning fixing needle are arranged in a raised positioning needle sheath bin on the popliteal positioning needle seat, so that the popliteal positioning needle can be ensured to be vertically stable after being inserted into the needle hole of the popliteal positioning fixing needle.

As a preferred aspect of the present invention, the knee fixing unit includes a knee joint fixing plate vertically set up and an elastic bandage string for binding the knee joint. Furthermore, a knee joint binding notch is formed in the knee joint fixing plate.

As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the ankle fixing unit includes a toe ankle fixing plate vertically erected and an elastic bandage string for binding the toe ankle. Furthermore, a toe ankle joint binding notch is formed in the toe ankle joint fixing plate.

The knee fixation unit and the ankle fixation unit constitute two important stations for anatomically positioning and fixing the tibia of the animal to the tibia positioning and fixing arm. When the elastic bandage is used for tying the knee joint part of an animal through a knee joint binding notch on a knee joint fixing plate, the raised positioning needle sheath bin cylindrical body on the popliteal fossa positioning needle seat and the syringe needle base inserted into the popliteal fossa positioning fixing needle hole provide two binding supporting points. The popliteal locating needle seat is arranged at the root part of the back of the knee joint fixing plate. Through the two binding support points, soft tissue interference rich in vascular nerves behind the popliteal fossa of the knee joint is avoided, the elastic bandage can firmly bind the knee joint part, and the possibility of limb blood stasis is prevented; similarly, a toe ankle joint fixing plate is used as a supporting background, the edge of the fixing plate is wider than the diameter of the toe ankle joint of the mouse, and an elastic bandage is used for bundling the animal ankle joint through toe ankle joint bundling notches on two sides of the fixing plate, so that the purpose of limiting, fixing and bundling at fixed points is achieved, and the possibility of limb blood stasis is also prevented.

As a preferred scheme of the invention, three vertical protruding plates and three horizontal transverse protruding plates are arranged on the tibia positioning fixing arm at intervals, the vertical protruding plates are a toe-ankle joint fixing plate, a limiting vertical marking plate and a knee joint fixing plate respectively from near to far, and the transverse protruding plates are a bone needle puncture quasi-star plate, a first anchor needle supporting plate and a second anchor needle supporting plate respectively from near to far. Spacing perpendicular marking plate is located between toe ankle joint fixed plate and the knee joint fixed plate, is 90 right angular vertical relations with fixed arm horizontal stand and spicule puncture sight board, and spacing perpendicular marking plate has following effect: one is limiting function for limiting the percutaneous puncture of the bone fixing needle so as to reserve standard areas and sizes of fracture and segmental defect areas after the fixing needle is anchored, and the other is always indicating function for providing a vertical marker post of a surgical microenvironment for an operator in the surgical implementation process. The bone needle puncture sight plate, the first anchor needle supporting plate and the second anchor needle are supported, are in a 90-degree right-angle relationship with the vertical wall of the fixed arm and the limiting vertical marking plate and are parallel to the horizontal table of the fixed arm. The bone needle puncture sight plate is used for helping an operator to master the direction of a needle inserting when the bone fixing needle is implanted through electric percutaneous puncture, and plays a role in aiming at the parallel sight; the first anchor needle supporting plate and the second anchor needle supporting plate have the following functions: after the needle point of the electric bone fixing needle penetrates through bone tissue, the electric bone fixing needle is used as a support for clamping the bone fixing needle by using a special round handle needle-holding clamp and rotating and drawing operation; meanwhile, the reference function in the horizontal direction is also realized when the anchor needle is pulled and rotated by holding the needle.

As a preferable scheme of the present invention, an arc-shaped soft tissue horizontal groove is provided below the upper vertically protruding plate and the lower horizontally protruding plate of the tibia positioning fixing arm. The non-invasive fixing and fixing device is an important physiological bending horizontal groove designed for adapting to the soft tissue homeopathic distribution of animal hindlimb ligature muscle groups so as to keep the tibia of an animal to be non-invasively fixed and stable in the operation process.

As a preferable scheme of the invention, the tibia positioning fixing arm is connected with a horizontal shaft of the three-dimensional adjustable fixing frame through a surgical positioning fine adjuster. The animal tibia is fixed on the tibia positioning fixing arm to serve as a core platform for operation, and the three-dimensional position and the angle of the core platform for operation can be adjusted by the three-dimensional adjustable fixing frame at will, so that the requirements of different operation body positions of an operator can be met conveniently, for example, the operation under an operation dissecting microscope and the like; the operation positioning fine adjuster is used for accurately aligning the operation core platform fixed with the animal shinbone to a 3D operation system such as an operation robot or a numerical control mechanical arm by a fine adjustment means. The operation positioning fine adjuster and the three-dimensional controller can digitally provide position change taking a positioning fixing arm as the basis of the vertical, horizontal and corner of an operation platform, and provide 3D operation operations such as an operation robot or a numerical control mechanical arm to follow up to change the three-dimensional position and angle according to the change of corresponding control data, so that the accurate 3D operation of the operation robot or the numerical control mechanical arm can be conveniently introduced.

The positioning and fixing device for the animal tibia surgical operation can be used together with a lifting operating table, and the lifting operating table can lift an animal body to follow up the lifting change after the small-environment operating platform for the tibia positioning and fixing arm operation is lifted and changed along with the large-environment operation.

The combination of the above preferred schemes enables the animal tibia surgical operation positioning and fixing device of the invention to have three basic functions: 1. the tibia is accurately positioned and stably fixed, the animal hind limb and the mouse tibia are very conveniently and non-invasively and stably fixed at the fixed point position of the standard three-dimensional mark during the operation, and the animal hind limb and the mouse tibia are very easy to detach from the fixing device without damage after the operation is finished. 2. The bone fixing needle has the advantages that the calibration limiting effect is achieved for the operation of the size and the position of the percutaneous fixed-point puncture bone fixing needle, the limited fracture and the segmental bone defect, the standard operation position of the animal tibia can be digitally fixed or reserved, and the bone fixing needle is used for anchoring an external fixing needle and executing the standard range of the fracture or the segmental bone defect. 3. The operation object is fixed at a three-dimensional fixed point standard position and a small environment platform with a three-dimensional identification position image, and the three-dimensional operation of an operator is guided; meanwhile, the tibia positioning fixed arm can make digital transverse axis and longitudinal axis displacement or axis angle change by a three-dimensional adjustable fixed frame, so that the positioning fixed arm operation platform fixed with animal limbs is allowed to meet the three-dimensional position requirement of an operation large environment, and the digital operation positioning requirement in diversified operation is convenient to dock.

The invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

1. the practical application of the external fixation model of the tibia of the small animal in the field of bone research in life science is realized. Originally, the irregular shape and the uncertainty of the position of the tibia of the small animal provide a standardized, three-dimensionally positioned and stably fixed operation environment of the tibia under the positioning and fixing of the fixing device of the invention, and the trouble that the repeatable operation result can not be done without good operation fixing of the limb of the small animal for many years is solved. Meanwhile, the history that even though a series of delicate surgical instruments (such as an electric puncture ultra-small diameter bone fixing needle) developed for small animal surgery exist, the percutaneous puncture operation of the bone fixing needle cannot be normally carried out under the condition that the limb of an animal does not have a fixing device is changed.

2. And the reliability and repeatability of experimental data of the experimental animal model are ensured. The positioning and fixing device for the animal tibia surgical operation enables an operation operator to freely cope with the laboratory small animal operation environment; the fixing device is used as a large operation environment, the local positioning fixing arm is used as a small operation environment of an operation platform, the three-dimensional unchanged small environment is suitable for a changed large environment, and the mutual relation of the three-dimensional stereo space of an operation body can be determined and found and ensured by staring at the positioning fixing arm three-dimensional operation platform according to the three-dimensional identification system formed by integrating the positioning fixing arm into a whole; the device can ensure that the tibia of the animal with irregular shape has standard three-dimensional positioning under the condition of not peeling, thereby ensuring the accurate implementation of the operation, reducing the failure rate of the operation and realizing the reliability and repeatability of the experimental data of the animal model.

3. Meets the technical implementation requirement of the digital surgical robot. Animal shin bone operation under this device is fixed because the assurance that has independent integrative three-dimensional operation platform, consequently can satisfy the operation environment that the position of operation operator difference and different fields of vision require down, for example can satisfy under the operation microscope, operation machine people accuse location operation, or the operation requirement of the special position under the video recorder. The digital standard control of each group of experimental animals and the experimental animals among the groups is realized, the digital program operation requirement of the experimental animal bone research model is met, and the controllability of the operation implementation program and the unification of the operation standard are ensured.

4. Meets the requirements of reliable and noninvasive stable fixation of experimental animal surgery. The fixing needle for puncturing the popliteal fossa is inserted into the locating fixing needle seat of the popliteal fossa, the locating fixing needle is used as a fulcrum, soft tissue extrusion which possibly occurs during fixing is avoided, and binding of the knee joint and the ankle joint part by the elastic bandage of the broad body fixing plate is assisted, so that limb congestion is avoided. The three anatomical sites are fixed without wound, stable and unchangeable operation fixing conditions are provided in the operation process, and the operation fixing requirement that no wound is left after the operation is achieved.

5. Reduces the operation difficulty of the experimental animal model and the cost investment of the experimental animal. The application of the positioning and fixing device for the animal tibia surgical operation ensures the standard stable fixation of the animal tibia in the surgical operation process, so that the operation is easy to master, the original complex operation is obviously simplified, the operation technology is practical and reliable, more researchers can master the animal tibia surgical operation, and the operation failure is reduced; meanwhile, the stable operation body position under the device is fixed, operation operators can safely, effectively and independently perform tibial surgery, the situation that highly-matched assistants or assistants for supporting and fixing animals in the whole process are often needed in the implementation of the previous small animal surgery is changed, the success rate of the surgery is improved, and the personnel investment is reduced.

6. Supporting multiple items of experimental animal design programs. The animal tibia surgical operation positioning and fixing device supports the combination of a plurality of related surgical instruments, and allows multiple research plans to be realized in small animal model tibia surgical operations, such as external fixation of percutaneous puncture external fixing needles of laboratory mouse tibia fracture or segmental bone defect models, including using artificial biological bone materials or osteoblasts as test materials, and allowing them to be introduced in one operation (for acute segmental bone defects) or after initial bone defect operations when bone fracture ends are closed or pseudoarthrosis is formed (for chronic bone nonunion or bone nonunion modes), so as to be capable of representing the working conditions of artificial synthetic bone graft substitutes and transplanted osteoblasts and be helpful for scientific research to record and deduce the results of bone repair successfully in the whole process.

7. And the operation implementation application of the tibia model of various experimental animals is developed. The invention not only realizes the practical application of the transgenic mouse tibia external fixation model, but also can be extended to the tibia external fixation models of other experimental animals such as rats and the like to implement the standardized technical application of fracture and segmental bone defect experimental research. For example, the technology of the invention can realize the standardized non-skin opening tibia external fixation operation of various animal experiment models and establish a closed tibia fracture experiment model simulating clinic; experimental model of repeated operations for chronic definitive segmental bone defects (repeated operations for two or even more times); tibial fractures (rigid or flexible external fixation); bone defect artificial material implantation (acute or chronic bone nonunion) and other various animal tibia operations.

8. Responding to the international three principles of 'substitution, reduction and improvement' of experimental animals. Because the standard of the operation object is stably fixed, the operation is easy to succeed, the operation result of the small animal is stable and reliable, and even the animal experiment effect can be achieved with zero failure rate. Therefore, small animals can be used instead of large animals; the success rate of the surgery and the repeatability of the experiment reduce the number of animals used; the improved technology simplifies the procedure of experimental animal operation implementation, and supports the cautious principle of 'substitution, reduction and improvement' of the experimental animal and the humanistic experimental animal application ethical rule proposed by the international experimental animal organization from the operation implementation technology.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an overall unit of an animal tibia surgical positioning and fixing device in an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the tibia positioning fixing arm, the three-dimensional controller and the operation positioning micro-controller.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a tibial positioning fixation arm structure.

Fig. 4 is a front elevation view of a partial configuration of the tibial positioning retaining arm of fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a rear view of fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a right side view of fig. 4.

Fig. 7 is a top view of fig. 4.

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional perspective view of a popliteal locating hub.

Figure 9A is an elevation view of the popliteal positioning hub of figure 8.

Figure 9B is a posterior view of the popliteal positioning hub shown in figure 8.

Figure 9C is a top view of the popliteal locator hub shown in figure 8.

Figure 9D is a right side view of the popliteal positioning hub shown in figure 8.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a tibial positioning fixation arm prepared prior to performing a tibial surgical procedure on an animal.

Figure 11 shows a schematic view of a mouse hind limb placed in front of a tibial positioning fixation arm ready for fixation, shown in perspective with a positioning pin hole through the popliteal fossa.

Figure 12 shows a 25G syringe needle pierced through the posterior popliteal anatomy and inserted into the popliteal positioning fixture needle aperture.

Figure 13 shows the hind limb of the mouse ligatured and fixed with the corresponding positioning fixing plate on the fixing arm by the positioning needle at the popliteal fossa, the elastic bandage ropes of the toe ankle joint and the knee joint.

Fig. 14 shows the removal of the mini cordless drive motor equipped with the cannula bone fixation needle unit after the mouse hind limb is positionally fixed with the fixation arm.

Fig. 15 shows the cannulated bone fixation needle penetrating into the distal tibia.

Fig. 16 shows the cannulated bone fixation needle unit having been passed into the distal tibia, with the mini cordless drive motor removed.

FIG. 17 shows the detachable cannulated bone fixation needle power sleeve partially released from the bone fixation needle; the tip part of the bone fixing needle separated from the power-assisted sleeve already penetrates the tibia of the mouse, and the thread part at the root end of the bone fixing needle is not inserted into the bone.

Fig. 18 shows the threaded portion of the root end of the bone fixation needle fully anchored in the bone tissue after pushing and pulling with the needle holder.

Fig. 19 shows the three bone fixation pin threaded ends in place and anchored to the distal tibia.

Fig. 20 shows three additional bone fixation pin threaded ends anchored in place proximal to the tibia.

Figure 21 shows the popliteal positioning fixation needle and elastic bandage strapping removed.

Fig. 22 shows the mouse hindlimb with the tibial positioning fixation arm removed.

Figure 23 shows the mouse hindlimb with the tibial positioning fixation arm removed rotated 90 ° view.

Fig. 24 shows the outer sections of the bone fixation pins extending out of the skin having been bent toward each other into a frame toward the medial position of the tibia.

Fig. 25 shows that a light curable flowable compound has been applied and then cured to shape by an LED curing light.

Fig. 26 shows a schematic view of the application of the animal tibia surgical positioning and fixing device in external fixation of mouse tibia segmental bone defects.

Fig. 27 shows a schematic view of a mouse tibial fracture surgery using a rigid external fixator.

Fig. 28 shows a schematic view of a mouse tibial fracture surgery using a flexible external fixator.

Reference numerals: a tibial surgical positioning fixture 100; a stereoscopic three-dimensional controller 110; a horizontal movement knob 112; a vertical lift knob 114; a surgical positioning micro-actuator 120; a lifting operating table 130; a tibial positioning fixation arm 200; a fixed arm horizontal table 202; a stationary arm vertical wall 204; a toe ankle joint fixing plate 206; a knee joint fixation plate 208; a limiting vertical marking plate 210; toe ankle binding notch 212; a knee binding notch 214; the spicule pierces the quay star plate 216; a first anchor pin support plate 218; a second anchor pin support plate 220; the popliteal fossa positions fixed

needle apertures

222a, 222b, 222 c; soft tissue decubitus slots 224; a popliteal locating needle mount 300; a locating pin base 302; a positioning needle sheath cartridge 304; a

stylet sheath

306a, 306b, 306 c; screw

holes

308a, 308 b; a screw 310;

elastic strap cords

402a, 402 b; a popliteal locator needle 404; a bone fixation needle power sleeve 406; a cannulated bone fixation needle unit 408; a bone fixation needle 410; a mini cordless drive motor 412; the flowable composite material 414 is photocured.

Detailed Description

The animal tibia surgical operation positioning and fixing device of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

The positioning and fixing device 100 for the animal tibia surgical operation shown in fig. 1-10 comprises a tibia positioning fixing arm 200, the tibia positioning fixing arm 200 is connected to an external fixing frame, and a lifting operation table 130 is used with the positioning and fixing device 100 for the animal tibia surgical operation. The external fixing frame is a three-dimensional adjustable fixing frame. The three-dimensional adjustable fixing frame consists of a horizontal shaft, a vertical shaft and a three-dimensional adjusting and controlling device 110 connecting the horizontal shaft and the vertical shaft, and the tibia positioning fixing arm 200 is connected with the horizontal shaft connecting the three-dimensional adjustable fixing frame through the operation positioning fine adjusting device 120. The tibia positioning fixing arm 200 is provided with a popliteal fossa positioning unit, a knee fixing unit and an ankle fixing unit, and the tibia operation positioning fixing arm is used for limiting and fixing the operation standard position of the animal tibia in the tibia operation, so that an operation small environment operation platform of a tibia operation three-dimensional standard image is formed.

As shown in fig. 2, the three-dimensional controller 110 is connected to and locks the horizontal axis and the vertical axis of the three-dimensional adjustable fixing frame, and the tibia positioning fixing arm 200 connected with the operation positioning fine-adjuster 120 is operated and controlled by the vertical lifting knob 114 and the horizontal moving knob 112, so that the three-dimensional position and angle of the tibia positioning fixing arm corresponding to the operating table large environment can be greatly changed. The three-dimensional adjustable fixing frame enables the tibia positioning fixing arm to have stable three-dimensional variability based on vertical and horizontal axial directions, and is used for providing the needed suitable body position of the large operation environment for an operator.

The operation positioning fine-tuning device 120 is not only a connection pivot of the tibia positioning fixing arm 200 and the horizontal shaft of the three-dimensional adjustable fixing frame, but also a fine-tuning device of the operation position of the tibia positioning fixing arm. The operation positioning fine-tuning device 120 is provided to cope with the micro-distance regulation and the inclination fine-tuning during the operation of the operation robot or the numerical control operation mechanical arm and the alignment operation under the operation microscope.

Three popliteal positioning fixing

needle holes

222a, 222b and 222c arranged on the tibia positioning fixing arm 200 and a popliteal positioning needle seat 300 fixed on the back surface of the tibia positioning fixing arm 200 form a popliteal positioning unit. Popliteal locating needle hub 300 is comprised of a locating needle hub base 302 and a raised locating needle sheath magazine 304.

As shown in fig. 3-7, the tibia positioning fixing arm 200 is provided with three vertical protruding plates and three horizontal protruding plates at intervals, the vertical protruding plates and the horizontal protruding plates are adjacent to each other at a 90-degree right angle, and the base portions of the vertical protruding plates and the horizontal protruding plates are integrated with the fixing arm horizontal platform 202 of the tibia positioning fixing arm 200. The vertical protruding plates are respectively a toe ankle joint fixing plate 206, a limiting vertical marking plate 210 and a knee joint fixing plate 208 from near to far, and the transverse protruding plates are respectively a bone needle puncturing quasi-star plate 216, a first anchor needle supporting plate 218 and a second anchor needle supporting plate 220 from near to far.

The knee fixing plate 208 and the elastic strap strings 402a for binding the knee joint constitute a knee fixing unit for fixed-point binding of the knee of the animal. The knee joint fixing plate 208 is provided with a knee joint binding notch 214, and the popliteal fossa positioning needle seat 300 is arranged at the root part of the knee joint fixing plate 208. Through three sites of the popliteal fossa positioning needle 404, the raised positioning needle sheath bin 304 and the knee joint binding notch 214, the possibility of pressing soft tissues rich in blood vessels and nerves behind the popliteal fossa of the knee joint is avoided, and the knee joint part of the mouse can be firmly fixed on the knee joint fixing plate 208 by using the elastic bandage rope 402 a; the toe-ankle fixing plate 206 and the elastic bandage string 402b for binding the toe-ankle constitute an ankle fixing unit for ligating the mouse hind limb distal toe-ankle. The toe ankle joint fixing plate 206 is at least two times wider than the diameter of the mouse toe ankle joint, and is symmetrically provided with toe ankle joint binding notches 212 on both sides, and the width of the slotted bottom is also kept to be more than one third of the diameter of the mouse toe ankle joint. When the elastic bandage rope is used for binding the toe ankle joint part of the mouse, the design of the wide bottom part of the toe ankle joint fixing plate 206 reduces soft tissues at the part and is not easy to cause extrusion of blood vessels, and the problem of the extravasated blood at the far end of the hind limb possibly caused by binding the toe ankle joint of the mouse is also avoided. The vertical limit marker plate 210 is positioned between the toe ankle joint fixation plate 206 and the knee joint fixation plate 208 in a perpendicular relationship at a 90 ° right angle to the fixation arm horizontal platform 202 and the spicule puncture sight plate 216. The limiting vertical marking plate 210 mainly plays two roles, one is a limiting role in limiting the percutaneous puncture of the bone fixing needle so as to reserve standard sites and sizes of fracture and segmental bone defect areas behind the bone fixing needle anchoring needle, and the other is an indicating role in providing a vertical marking rod of a surgical microenvironment for a surgical operator all the time in the surgical implementation process.

The bone needle puncture sight plate 216 is arranged at the foremost end of the three parallel horizontal transverse protruding plates and is used for helping an operator to grasp the needle inserting direction when the bone fixing needle is implanted through electric percutaneous puncture, and the function of aiming the parallel sight is achieved. First anchor needle depending plate 218 and second anchor needle depending plate 220 function as: after the needle point of the electric bone fixing needle penetrates through bone tissue, the electric bone fixing needle is used as a support for clamping the bone fixing needle by using a special round handle needle-holding clamp and rotating; meanwhile, the reference function in the horizontal direction is also realized when the anchor needle is pulled and rotated by holding the needle.

As shown in fig. 6, as can be seen from the right view of the tibia positioning fixing arm 200, a soft tissue horizontal groove 224 with a certain curvature is arranged at the junction of the bottom of the three vertical protruding plates and the fixing arm vertical wall 204, which is an important concave horizontal groove designed to adapt to the physiological distribution of muscle soft tissue groups after mouse hind limb ligation, so as to keep the limb fixation stable during the implementation of the electric percutaneous puncture of the mouse tibia.

As shown in fig. 8, 9A, 9B, 9C and 9D, popliteal locator hub 300 is secured to tibial locator arm 200 by two screws 310 through two screw holes 308a, 308B in locator hub base 302. The popliteal locating needle holder 300 is composed of a locating needle holder base 302 and a raised locating needle sheath bin 304, and locating

needle sheaths

306a, 306b and 306c are arranged in the locating needle sheath bin 304 and are respectively communicated with three popliteal locating fixing

needle pinholes

222a, 222b and 222c on the tibia locating fixing arm 200. The diameter of the needle sheath of the locating needle is equivalent to the diameter of the needle of a 25G syringe, and the length of the needle sheath is equivalent to the total length of the needle of the 25G syringe, so that the needle sheath plays a role in clamping and aligning the insertion of the popliteal locating needle 404. The raised flat column-shaped positioning needle sheath bin 304 is an important station for binding the knee joint of an animal.

Fig. 11 to 28 are schematic diagrams of a mouse tibia model external fixator established by using a tibia positioning fixing arm 200 of the animal tibia surgical positioning and fixing device of the present invention, which are used for explaining a use method and a flow of the fixing device of the present invention in a mouse tibia external fixation operation.

As shown in fig. 11, after anesthesia of the mouse, the hind limb is placed in a standard position in front of the tibial positioning fixation arm 200. The perspective view shows a mouse hind leg popliteal anatomical site passing through a needle point and fixed point positioning needle hole 222 b.

As shown in fig. 12, a 25G syringe needle is used as a popliteal locating needle 404 to be tightly attached to the edge of the bottom of the distal end of the femur of a mouse through the anatomical position of the popliteal fossa to be directly penetrated and pierced, and the penetrated syringe needle is inserted into a popliteal locating and fixing needle hole 222b (the anatomical position of the popliteal fossa is a blank region of the blood vessel nerve layout in the region tightly attached to the bottom of the distal end of the femur of the mouse, after the 25G syringe needle puncturing, locating and fixing operation task is completed, the needle is directly pulled out without medical treatment, like the clinical syringe needle intramuscular injection, the needle is taken out and then pressed by a cotton swab for a moment), the weight of the mouse is set to be between 26G and 35G, so the popliteal locating and fixing needle hole 222b is selected as a standard locating needle hole.

As shown in fig. 13, after the hind limb of the mouse is positioned by the positioning pin, the toe-ankle joint part of the hind limb part and the knee joint part avoiding the soft tissue are respectively bound and fixed by the

elastic bandage ropes

402b and 402a through the binding

notches

212 and 214, and when the knee joint part is bound through the knee joint binding notch 214, the elastic bandage rope needs to be wound and bound on the positioning pin sheath bin 304 behind the tibia positioning fixing arm.

As shown in fig. 14, the hind limb of the mouse is positioned and fixed, and the bone fixing needle can be easily driven by the motor to drill into the tibia of the mouse under the guidance of the three-dimensional visual angle of the tibia positioning and fixing arm. A mini cordless drive motor 412 equipped with a cannulated ultra-fine diameter bone fixation needle unit 408 is shown.

As shown in fig. 15, the operator can use the driving motor 412 to perform percutaneous puncture self-tapping drilling of the bone fixing needle into the bone conveniently by holding the motor handle with the thumb to control the touch switch.

As shown in fig. 16, the needle tip of the cannulated ultra-fine diameter bone fixation needle 408, from which the mini cordless drive motor 412 has been removed, has penetrated the tibia.

As shown in fig. 17, the bone fixation needle power sleeve 406 has been partially removed from the bone fixation needle 410, disengaged from the power sleeve, has been inserted into the bone tissue, and the needle tip has penetrated the mouse tibia, leaving a root section thread at the tail root end of the bone fixation needle.

As shown in fig. 18, the bone fixing needle inserted into the tibia of the mouse is pushed and pulled by using a special round-handle needle holder, the root end thread part of the bone fixing needle is completely anchored in the bone tissue, and the front section part of the bone fixing needle 410 penetrates out of the skin.

As shown in fig. 19, three consecutive bone fixation pin threaded ends have been seated and anchored to the tibial distal segment.

Next, three additional bone fixation pin threaded ends are anchored in place to the proximal tibial segment as shown in fig. 20.

As shown in fig. 21, six bone fixation needles are punctured and anchored in place, and the elastic bandage ligature is removed; and the syringe needle used for fixation was removed from the popliteal fossa.

As shown in fig. 22, the mouse hindlimb anchored with six bone fixation pins (tibial positioning fixation arm 200 removed).

As shown in fig. 23, the hind limbs of the mouse anchored with six bone fixation needles were rotated to a position after a 90 ° viewing angle.

As shown in fig. 24, the distal ends of six bone fixation pins protruding out of the skin have been bent toward the middle section of the mouse tibia using bending forceps to bridge into a frame, constituting the basic shape of the tibial external fixator.

As shown in fig. 25, a light curable flowable compound 414 has been applied to the bridge of six bone fixation pins and then cured by LED curing lights into a single rigid extraosseous fixation frame.

Fig. 26 is a schematic view of the external fixation operation of the segmental tibial bone defect of the mouse. Six bone fixation needles penetrate the tibia of the mouse and are anchored in place at the root; the outer sections of the bone fixation pins of the anchor are bent parallel to each other towards the center of the tibia; so as to form a six-needle shoulder-connecting bypass; the bridging adopts a photo-curing flowable composite material to coat and fill; curing the composite material by using an LED lamp; removing bone from 3.5mm segment defect; artificial materials inoculated with cells are implanted into the bone defect for filling; after several weeks, the solidified part of the external fixing frame is cut off by closing the solidified body and then is detached; all remaining bone fixation pin stitches are then pulled out.

Fig. 27 is a schematic view of a fracture surgery on the tibia of a mouse using a rigid external fixator. Six needles penetrated the tibia of the mouse; the outer sections of the three needles at the two ends are mutually parallel and bent towards the center to form a shoulder-connecting bypass; fracture of the tibia with a bone fracture apparatus; coating, filling and bridging by using a photocuring flowable composite material; curing the composite material by using an LED lamp; after several weeks, the solidified part of the external fixing frame is removed after the cutting needle; all remaining pins are then pulled out.

Fig. 28 is a schematic view of a fracture surgery on the tibia of a mouse using a flexible external fixator. Six needles penetrated the tibia of the mouse; the three distal needles and the three proximal needles are bent towards each other in parallel with the three needles of each end, respectively, to form two end tuft bridges; coating the photo-curable flowable composite material on each of the two substrates and curing the photo-curable flowable composite material with an LED lamp; placing two elastic pins and respectively connecting two clusters at two ends, and respectively connecting each left end and each right end of two curing ends with a locus through a light curing flowable composite material; the right side spring pin is used to connect the right end faces of the two clusters, but only temporarily cures the proximal end; the left side spring pin is used to connect the left end faces of the two clusters, but only temporarily cures the distal end; the two elastic pins are used as positioning references before complete bone fracture by paying attention to placing cementation parallel; then the bone is fractured by using the bone fracture device, so that the two parallel elastic pins can be relatively displaced; the elastic pin is repositioned in the cementation parallel position before the bone is broken, namely, the elastic pin returns to the phase when the bone is completely broken; connecting and curing two points which are not cemented on the two end clusters of the elastic pin through a composite material; the solidified part of the external fixation frame is cut off and removed after several weeks; finally, all the remaining pins are pulled out.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention; thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. The animal tibia surgical operation positioning and fixing device is characterized by comprising a tibia positioning fixing arm, wherein the tibia positioning fixing arm is connected with an external fixing frame, a popliteal fossa positioning unit, a knee fixing unit and an ankle fixing unit are arranged on the tibia positioning fixing arm, and the tibia positioning fixing arm is used for limiting and fixing the operation standard position of an animal tibia in a tibia operation to form an operation small environment operation platform of a tibia operation three-dimensional standard image;

the popliteal locating unit comprises at least one popliteal locating fixing needle hole formed in the tibia locating fixing arm and a popliteal locating needle seat fixed to the back of the tibia locating fixing arm, at least one locating needle sheath is arranged on the popliteal locating needle seat, and the locating needle sheath is communicated with the popliteal locating fixing needle hole.

2. The animal tibia surgical positioning and fixing device according to claim 1, wherein the external fixing frame is a three-dimensional adjustable fixing frame; the three-dimensional adjustable fixing frame enables the tibia positioning fixing arm to have stable three-dimensional variability based on vertical and horizontal axial directions, and is used for providing the needed suitable body position of the large operation environment for an operator.

3. The animal tibia surgical positioning and fixing device according to claim 1, wherein the popliteal fossa positioning needle seat is composed of a positioning needle seat table base and a raised positioning needle sheath bin, and the positioning needle sheath is arranged in the positioning needle sheath bin.

4. The animal tibial surgical positioning fixture of claim 1, wherein said knee fixation unit comprises a vertically-erected knee fixation plate and an elastic strap cord for strapping the knee.

5. The animal tibia surgical positioning and fixing device according to claim 4, wherein a knee joint binding notch is formed in the knee joint fixing plate.

6. The animal tibial surgical positioning fixture of claim 1, wherein said ankle securement unit comprises a vertically disposed toe-ankle securement plate and an elastic strap cord for strapping the toe-ankle.

7. The animal tibial surgical positioning fixture of claim 6, wherein said toe-ankle securing plate is provided with a toe-ankle binding notch.

8. The animal tibia surgical operation positioning and fixing device according to claim 1, wherein three vertical protruding plates and three horizontal protruding plates are arranged on the tibia positioning and fixing arm at intervals, the vertical protruding plates are a toe ankle joint fixing plate, a limiting vertical marking plate and a knee joint fixing plate respectively from near to far, and the horizontal protruding plates are a bone needle puncture quasi-star plate, a first anchor needle supporting plate and a second anchor needle supporting plate respectively from near to far.

9. The animal tibia surgical operation positioning and fixing device according to claim 8, wherein an arc-shaped soft tissue horizontal groove is formed below the vertically protruding plate and the horizontally protruding plate on the tibia positioning and fixing arm.

10. The animal tibia surgical operation positioning and fixing device according to claim 2, wherein the tibia positioning and fixing arm is connected with the three-dimensional adjustable fixing frame through a surgical positioning fine adjuster.