CN111221128A - Near-to-eye waveguide display device capable of enlarging field angle - Google Patents
Near-to-eye waveguide display device capable of enlarging field angle Download PDFInfo
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- CN111221128A CN111221128A CN202010128379.XA CN202010128379A CN111221128A CN 111221128 A CN111221128 A CN 111221128A CN 202010128379 A CN202010128379 A CN 202010128379A CN 111221128 A CN111221128 A CN 111221128A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0112—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for genereting colour display
- G02B2027/0114—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for genereting colour display comprising dichroic elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0123—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view
Abstract
The invention discloses a near-eye waveguide display device for enlarging a field angle. The first waveguide sheet is positioned above the second waveguide sheet in the device and is not contacted with the second waveguide sheet; one side surface of the second waveguide sheet is a first inclined surface inclined outwards from top to bottom; the first waveguide sheet is provided with a second inclined surface which is connected with the lower surface of the first waveguide sheet and is parallel to the first inclined surface; the outer end of the second inclined plane is connected with one end of the upper surface of the first waveguide sheet to form a third inclined plane; the third inclined plane is an inclined plane outwards from top to bottom; the first light splitting film is in mirror symmetry with the second inclined plane; the second light splitting film is in mirror symmetry with the first inclined plane; and one part of the light irradiated on the first inclined plane is transmitted in the second waveguide sheet after being totally reflected on the first inclined plane and is reflected by the second light splitting film, and the other part of the light is transmitted on the first inclined plane, passes through the second inclined plane, is totally reflected on the third inclined plane, is transmitted by the first waveguide sheet and is reflected by the first light splitting film. The invention can improve the angle of view and reduce the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of near-eye display equipment, in particular to near-eye waveguide display equipment for enlarging the field angle.
Background
Augmented reality is a technology for fusing virtual information and a real world, wherein a near-eye display device is a key link in the augmented reality technology. The near-eye display device enables a user to see a real world and a virtual image constructed by a computer, a conical range in which the human eye can see the virtual image is called a field angle, the farthest distance between the human eye and the display device when the human eye can see a full virtual image is called an exit pupil distance, a range in which the human eye can shake when the human eye can see the full virtual image under a certain exit pupil distance is called an eye movement range, and how to remarkably improve the field angle under the condition of ensuring the proper exit pupil distance and eye movement range is a great challenge for augmented reality.
Currently, there are several near-eye display devices: 1) the one-dimensional pupil expansion is carried out by adding a plurality of reflective films in a single-layer waveguide, so that a large exit pupil distance and an eye movement range can be realized, but the field angle is difficult to be large due to the limitation of material refractive index, spectral film transmittance and reflectivity and the like, and the field angle of the waveguide display device adopting the method in the market is usually below 50 degrees. 2) The diffraction waveguide near-eye display device adopts double-layer waveguides, each layer of waveguide is respectively responsible for light total reflection propagation of partial field of view, and splicing of virtual images is realized in an imaging area so as to present complete virtual images. The scheme can obviously improve the field angle, but needs a plurality of large-area grating areas, and has the defects of higher grating manufacturing difficulty, higher cost, poorer uniformity of grating waveguide, obvious rainbow effect and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide a near-eye waveguide display device that expands the angle of view to reduce the cost while improving the angle of view.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a near-eye waveguide display device that expands a field angle, comprising: the device comprises a first waveguide sheet, a second waveguide sheet, a first light splitting film and a second light splitting film; the first waveguide sheet is positioned above the second waveguide sheet, and the first waveguide sheet is not contacted with the second waveguide sheet;
one side surface of the second waveguide sheet is a first inclined surface inclined outwards from top to bottom; the first waveguide sheet is provided with a second inclined surface which is connected with the lower surface of the first waveguide sheet and is parallel to the first inclined surface; the second inclined plane is opposite to the first inclined plane; the outer end of the second inclined plane is connected with one end of the upper surface of the first waveguide sheet to form a third inclined plane; the third inclined surface is an inclined surface which inclines outwards from top to bottom; the upper surface of the first waveguide sheet, the lower surface of the first waveguide sheet, the upper surface of the second waveguide sheet, and the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet are parallel to each other;
the first light splitting film is arranged inside the first waveguide sheet and is in mirror symmetry with the second inclined plane; the second light splitting film is arranged in the second waveguide sheet and is in mirror symmetry with the first inclined plane; the first light splitting film and the second light splitting film have a set interval in the horizontal direction; the light irradiated onto the first inclined plane from the lower part of the second waveguide sheet is partially reflected on the first inclined plane to obtain first reflected light, and the other part is transmitted on the first inclined plane to obtain transmitted light; the first reflected light is transmitted in the second waveguide sheet and reflected by the second light splitting film, the transmitted light passes through the second inclined plane and then is totally reflected on the third inclined plane to obtain second reflected light, and the second reflected light is transmitted in the first waveguide sheet, reflected to the second waveguide sheet by the first light splitting film and then transmitted by the second waveguide sheet.
Optionally, the number of the first light splitting films is multiple, and the number of the second light splitting films is multiple; the plurality of first light splitting films are arranged in parallel, and the plurality of second light splitting films are arranged in parallel; the distance between the first light splitting film closest to the third inclined plane and the third inclined plane is larger than the distance between the second light splitting film farthest from the first inclined plane and the first inclined plane.
Optionally, the minimum value of the included angle between the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet and the third inclined surface is
Wherein A is the incident angle of the left edge line light on the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet, and n is the refractive index of the first waveguide sheet; the left edge line light is the part of light which is transmitted at the first inclined plane in the light irradiated to the first inclined plane below the second waveguide sheet;
the maximum value of the included angle between the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet and the third inclined surface is
An incident angle of the second reflected light when the second reflected light is reflected on the upper surface of the first waveguide sheet is 180 ° -2 · θ + a;
theta is an included angle between the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet and the third inclined surface, and a is a refraction angle of the left edge line light when the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet is refracted.
Optionally, an incident angle of the first reflected light when reflected by the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet is
f＝2·θ1+d；
Wherein, theta1D is a refraction angle of right edge line light when the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet refracts; the right edge line light is a part of light which is totally reflected on the first inclined plane in the light irradiated to the first inclined plane below the second waveguide sheet.
A near-eye waveguide display device that expands a field angle, comprising: the device comprises a first waveguide sheet, a second waveguide sheet, a first light splitting film and a second light splitting film; the first waveguide sheet is positioned above the second waveguide sheet, and the first waveguide sheet is not contacted with the second waveguide sheet;
one side surface of the second waveguide sheet is a first inclined surface inclined outwards from top to bottom; the first waveguide sheet is provided with a second inclined surface which is connected with the lower surface of the first waveguide sheet and is parallel to the first inclined surface; the second inclined plane is opposite to the first inclined plane; the outer end of the second inclined plane is connected with one end of the upper surface of the first waveguide sheet to form a third inclined plane; the third inclined surface is an inclined surface which inclines outwards from top to bottom; the upper surface of the first waveguide sheet, the lower surface of the first waveguide sheet, the upper surface of the second waveguide sheet, and the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet are parallel to each other;
the first light splitting film is arranged in the first waveguide sheet and is parallel to the second inclined plane; the second light splitting film is arranged in the second waveguide sheet and is parallel to the first inclined plane; the first light splitting film and the second light splitting film have a set interval in the horizontal direction; the light irradiated onto the first inclined plane from the lower part of the second waveguide sheet is partially reflected on the first inclined plane to obtain first reflected light, and the other part is transmitted on the first inclined plane to obtain transmitted light; the first reflected light is transmitted in the second waveguide sheet and reflected by the second light splitting film, the transmitted light passes through the second inclined plane and then is totally reflected on the third inclined plane to obtain second reflected light, and the second reflected light is transmitted in the first waveguide sheet, reflected to the second waveguide sheet by the first light splitting film and then transmitted by the second waveguide sheet.
Optionally, the number of the first light splitting films is multiple, and the number of the second light splitting films is multiple; the plurality of first light splitting films are arranged in parallel, and the plurality of second light splitting films are arranged in parallel; the distance between the first light splitting film closest to the third inclined plane and the third inclined plane is larger than the distance between the second light splitting film farthest from the first inclined plane and the first inclined plane.
Optionally, the minimum value of the included angle between the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet and the third inclined surface is
Wherein A is the incident angle of the left edge line light on the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet, and n is the refractive index of the first waveguide sheet; the left edge line light is the part of light which is transmitted at the first inclined plane in the light irradiated to the first inclined plane below the second waveguide sheet;
the maximum value of the included angle between the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet and the third inclined surface is
An incident angle of the second reflected light when the second reflected light is reflected on the upper surface of the first waveguide sheet is 180 ° -2 · θ + a;
theta is an included angle between the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet and the third inclined surface, and a is a refraction angle of the left edge line light when the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet is refracted.
Optionally, an incident angle of the first reflected light when reflected by the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet is
f＝2·θ1+d；
Wherein, theta1D is a refraction angle of right edge line light when the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet refracts; the right edge line light is a part of light which is totally reflected on the first inclined plane in the light irradiated to the first inclined plane below the second waveguide sheet.
A near-eye waveguide display device that expands a field angle, comprising: a first waveguide display device and a second waveguide display device; the first waveguide display device is located above the second waveguide display device;
the first waveguide display device includes a first waveguide sheet, a second waveguide sheet, a first dichroic film, and a second dichroic film; the first waveguide sheet is positioned above the second waveguide sheet, and the first waveguide sheet is not contacted with the second waveguide sheet;
one side surface of the second waveguide sheet is a first inclined surface inclined outwards from top to bottom; the first waveguide sheet is provided with a second inclined surface which is connected with the lower surface of the first waveguide sheet and is parallel to the first inclined surface; the second inclined plane is opposite to the first inclined plane; the outer end of the second inclined plane is connected with one end of the upper surface of the first waveguide sheet to form a third inclined plane; the third inclined surface is an inclined surface which inclines outwards from top to bottom; the upper surface of the first waveguide sheet, the lower surface of the first waveguide sheet, the upper surface of the second waveguide sheet, and the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet are parallel to each other;
the first light splitting film is arranged inside the first waveguide sheet and is in mirror symmetry with the second inclined plane; the second light splitting film is arranged in the second waveguide sheet and is in mirror symmetry with the first inclined plane; the first light splitting film and the second light splitting film have a set interval in the horizontal direction; the light irradiated onto the first inclined plane from the lower part of the second waveguide sheet is partially totally reflected on the first inclined plane to obtain first reflected light, and the other part of the light is transmitted on the first inclined plane to obtain first transmitted light; the first reflected light is transmitted in the second waveguide sheet and reflected by the second light splitting film, the second transmitted light passes through the second inclined plane and then is totally reflected on the third inclined plane to obtain second reflected light, and the second reflected light is transmitted in the first waveguide sheet, reflected to the second waveguide sheet by the first light splitting film and then transmitted by the second waveguide sheet;
the second waveguide display device includes: a third waveguide sheet, a fourth waveguide sheet, a third light splitting film, and a fourth light splitting film; the third waveguide sheet is positioned on the fourth waveguide sheet, and the third waveguide sheet is not in contact with the fourth waveguide sheet;
one side surface of the fourth waveguide sheet is a fourth inclined surface inclined outwards from top to bottom; the third waveguide sheet is provided with a fifth inclined surface which is connected with the lower surface of the third waveguide sheet and is parallel to the fourth inclined surface; the fifth inclined plane is opposite to the fourth inclined plane; the outer end of the fifth inclined plane is connected with one end of the upper surface of the third waveguide sheet to form a sixth inclined plane; the sixth inclined surface is a surface inclined outwards from top to bottom; an upper surface of the third waveguide sheet, a lower surface of the third waveguide sheet, an upper surface of the fourth waveguide sheet, and a lower surface of the fourth waveguide sheet are parallel to each other;
the third light splitting film is arranged inside the third waveguide sheet and is parallel to the fifth inclined plane; the fourth light-dividing film is arranged inside the fourth waveguide sheet and is parallel to the fourth inclined plane; the third light dividing film and the fourth light dividing film have a set interval in the horizontal direction; the light irradiated onto the fourth inclined plane from the lower part of the fourth waveguide sheet is partially totally reflected on the fourth inclined plane to obtain third reflected light, and the other part of the light is transmitted on the fourth inclined plane to obtain second transmitted light; the third reflected light is transmitted in the fourth waveguide sheet and reflected by the fourth light dividing film, the second transmitted light passes through the fifth inclined plane and then is totally reflected on the sixth inclined plane to obtain fourth reflected light, and the fourth reflected light is transmitted in the third waveguide sheet, reflected to the fourth waveguide sheet by the third light dividing film and then transmitted by the fourth waveguide sheet;
the light reflected by the fourth light dividing film and the light reflected by the third light dividing film into the fourth waveguide sheet and transmitted by the fourth waveguide sheet are both incident to the first inclined plane from the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet, and one part of the light is totally reflected on the first inclined plane and the other part of the light is transmitted.
Optionally, the number of the first light splitting films is multiple, and the number of the second light splitting films is multiple; the plurality of first light splitting films are arranged in parallel, and the plurality of second light splitting films are arranged in parallel; the distance between the first light splitting film closest to the third inclined plane and the third inclined plane is greater than the distance between the second light splitting film farthest from the first inclined plane and the first inclined plane;
the number of the third light-dividing films is multiple, and the number of the fourth light-dividing films is multiple; the plurality of third light splitting films are arranged in parallel, and the plurality of fourth light splitting films are arranged in parallel; the distance between the third light dividing film closest to the sixth inclined plane and the sixth inclined plane is larger than the distance between the fourth light dividing film farthest to the fourth inclined plane and the fourth inclined plane.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a near-eye waveguide display device for enlarging the field angle. The near-eye waveguide display device includes: the device comprises a first waveguide sheet, a second waveguide sheet, a first light splitting film and a second light splitting film; the first waveguide sheet is positioned on the second waveguide sheet, and the first waveguide sheet is not contacted with the second waveguide sheet; one side surface of the second waveguide sheet is a first inclined surface inclined outwards from top to bottom; the first waveguide sheet is provided with a second inclined surface which is connected with the lower surface of the first waveguide sheet and is parallel to the first inclined surface; the outer end of the second inclined plane is connected with one end of the upper surface of the first waveguide sheet to form a third inclined plane; the third inclined plane is an inclined plane outwards from top to bottom; the first light splitting film is in mirror symmetry with the second inclined plane; the second light splitting film is in mirror symmetry with the first inclined plane; and one part of the light irradiated on the first inclined plane is transmitted in the second waveguide sheet after being totally reflected on the first inclined plane and is reflected by the second light splitting film, and the other part of the light is transmitted on the first inclined plane, passes through the second inclined plane, is totally reflected on the third inclined plane, is transmitted by the first waveguide sheet and is reflected by the first light splitting film. The invention adopts the double-layer waveguide, so that the image light source is divided into two parts by the total reflection condition and is respectively transmitted in the two layers of waveguides, thereby obviously enlarging the field angle, and the field angle of more than 100 degrees can be realized by adopting the material with low refractive index, thereby realizing the purposes of improving the field angle and reducing the cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a near-eye waveguide display device with an enlarged field angle according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the optical path analysis of the left edge field ray;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of optical path analysis of right edge field rays;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a near-eye waveguide display device with an enlarged field angle according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a near-eye waveguide display device with an enlarged field angle according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a near-eye waveguide display device with an enlarged field angle according to embodiment 6 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a near-eye waveguide display device with an enlarged field angle according to embodiment 1 of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1, the near-eye waveguide display device of the present embodiment that enlarges a field angle includes: a first waveguide sheet 1, a second waveguide sheet 2, a first dichroic film 3, and a second dichroic film 4; the first waveguide sheet 1 is located above the second waveguide sheet 2, and the first waveguide sheet 1 and the second waveguide sheet 2 are not in contact with each other.
One side surface of the second waveguide piece 2 is a first inclined surface 8 which is inclined outwards from top to bottom; the first waveguide piece 1 has a second inclined surface 9 connected to a lower surface of the first waveguide piece 1 and parallel to the first inclined surface 8; the second inclined plane 9 is arranged opposite to the first inclined plane 8; the outer end of the second inclined plane 9 is connected with one end of the upper surface of the first waveguide sheet 1 to form a third inclined plane 10; the third inclined surface 10 is a surface inclined outwards from top to bottom; the upper surface of the first waveguide sheet 1, the lower surface of the first waveguide sheet 1, the upper surface of the second waveguide sheet 2, and the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet 2 are parallel to each other.
The first light splitting film 3 is arranged inside the first waveguide sheet 1 and is in mirror symmetry with the second inclined plane 9; the second light splitting film 4 is arranged inside the second waveguide sheet 2 and is in mirror symmetry with the first inclined plane 8; the first light splitting film 3 and the second light splitting film 4 have a set distance in the horizontal direction; the light irradiated onto the first inclined plane 8 from the lower part of the second waveguide sheet 2, a part (right edge light) is totally reflected on the first inclined plane 8 to obtain a first reflected light, and the other part (left edge light) is transmitted on the first inclined plane 8 to obtain a transmitted light; the first reflected light is transmitted in the second waveguide sheet 2 and reflected by the second dichroic film 4, the transmitted light passes through the second inclined plane 9 and then is totally reflected on the third inclined plane 10 to obtain a second reflected light, and the second reflected light is transmitted in the first waveguide sheet 1, reflected by the first dichroic film 3 to the second waveguide sheet 2, and then transmitted by the second waveguide sheet 2.
Referring to fig. 1, the left edge light ray 5, the right edge light ray 7 and the critical light ray 6 represent three different field-of-view light rays of the micro display screen or the laser projection after being collimated by the collimating lens group, the critical light ray 6 hits the first inclined plane 8 to just satisfy the total reflection angle, and the included angle between the left edge light ray and the right edge light ray determines the size of the virtual image field-of-view angle. When light rays (in a dark shadow region) within the range of the angle of view field between the critical light ray 6 and the right edge light ray 7 hit the lower inclined plane to satisfy the total reflection condition, the light rays are propagated in the second waveguide sheet 2 by total reflection.
The light (in the light color shadow region) within the range of the angle of the critical light 6 and the left edge light 5 within the field of view is irradiated onto the first inclined plane 8 and does not satisfy the total reflection condition, so that the light is transmitted into the first waveguide sheet 1, the inclination angle of the third inclined plane 10 is adjusted to make the left edge light 5 satisfy the total reflection condition when being irradiated onto the third inclined plane 10, and the light (in the light color shadow region) within the range of the angle of the critical light 6 and the left edge light 5 within the field of view is irradiated onto the third inclined plane 10 and both satisfy the total reflection condition, so that the light is transmitted in the first waveguide sheet 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the optical path analysis of the left edge field ray, and fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the optical path analysis of the right edge field ray, wherein the dotted line is the normal of the plane. As shown in fig. 2, to ensure that the left edge light is propagated in the first waveguide sheet in a total reflection manner, it is required to ensure that the angles b and c satisfy the total reflection condition, and as can be seen from geometric optics, when the angle b satisfies the total reflection condition, the minimum value θ is:
angle c has the following relationship: c is 180 ° -2 · θ + a, and assuming that the critical light ray is perpendicularly incident to the lower interface of the second waveguide plate, that is, the angle a is 0, the maximum value of θ when the angle c satisfies the total reflection is:
as shown in FIG. 3, to ensure that the critical light and the light within the range of the right edge light clip angle field are propagated by total reflection in the second waveguide sheet, the angle θ is only required1An angle of total reflection of the waveguide material greater than the first waveguide plate, the angle f having the relationship: f 2. theta1+ d, assuming that the critical light is vertical incidence, i.e. the angle d is 0, the angle f inevitably satisfies the total reflection condition.
Assuming that the first waveguide sheet and the second waveguide sheet are made of SF11 material with refractive index of 1.79, the incident angle a is 90 °, the angle θ calculated when the angle b satisfies the total reflection angle of 34 ° is 67.93 ° at the minimum, the angle θ is set to 68 °, the angle c is seen to increase as the angle a increases, so that the minimum value of the angle c corresponding to the light incident from 0 to 90 ° on the left side is 44 °, the waveguide total reflection angle 34 ° is satisfied, that is, the light incident from 0 to 90 ° on the left side and not blocked by the first waveguide sheet can be totally reflected and propagated in the second waveguide sheet. For the first waveguide sheet, as long as the base angle is greater than the waveguide total reflection angle by 34 °, the light rays incident from 0 to 90 ° on the right side all hit the first inclined plane to satisfy the total reflection condition. It can be seen that the angle f increases with the angle d, and if the base angle is 35 °, the minimum value of the angle f is 70 °, so that the total reflection condition is satisfied, that is, all the light rays incident from 0 ° to 90 ° on the right side can be in the first positionThe total reflection propagates in the waveguide sheet. I.e. when theta1＝35°，θ2At 33 °, a 180 ° field of view of the coupled-in light can be realized with total reflection propagation in the double-layer waveguide. When the first and second waveguide sheets each adopt a lower refractive index of 1.6, the calculation may be made as to θ1＝39°，θ2At 29 °, total reflection propagation of the coupled-in light of a field of view of 100 ° in the double-layer waveguide can be achieved.
According to the above analysis, in this embodiment, the minimum value of the included angle between the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet and the third inclined surface is
Wherein A is the incident angle of the left edge line light on the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet, and n is the refractive index of the first waveguide sheet; the left edge line light is a part of light which is transmitted at the first inclined surface in the light irradiated to the first inclined surface below the second waveguide sheet.
The maximum value of the included angle between the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet and the third inclined surface is
An incident angle of the second reflected light when the second reflected light is reflected on the upper surface of the first waveguide sheet is 180 ° -2 · θ + a;
theta is an included angle between the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet and the third inclined surface, and a is a refraction angle of the left edge line light when the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet is refracted.
The incident angle of the first reflected light when reflected on the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet is
f＝2·θ1+d；
Wherein, theta1D is a refraction angle of right edge line light when the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet refracts; the right edge line light is light irradiated onto the first inclined plane below the second waveguide sheetThe portion of light that is totally reflected at the first slope.
The near-to-eye waveguide display device capable of expanding the field angle of view of the embodiment is provided with the first waveguide sheet and the second waveguide sheet, wherein the flat plate parts are parallel to each other, the middle of the flat plate parts is separated by air, the first inclined plane and the second inclined plane in the second waveguide sheet are parallel to each other, the first light splitting film and the third inclined plane are in mirror symmetry in the horizontal direction, and the second light splitting film and the first inclined plane are in mirror symmetry in the horizontal direction. By adopting the double-layer waveguide, the image light source is divided into two parts by the total reflection condition and is transmitted in the two layers of waveguides respectively, so that the field angle is remarkably enlarged, the field angle of more than 100 degrees can be realized by adopting a low-refractive-index material, and the field angle is improved and the cost is reduced.
Example 2
In order to ensure sufficient exit pupil distance and eye movement range, the number of the light splitting films in the two waveguides is increased to realize overlapping splicing of different fields of view of the two waveguides, so that the image is a complete image, as shown in fig. 4. In addition, the required angle of view and the uniformity can be obtained by adjusting the first inclined plane inclination angle, the second inclined plane inclination angle, the third inclined plane inclination angle, the thickness of the first waveguide sheet, the thickness of the second waveguide sheet, the transmissivity of the first light splitting film, the reflectivity of the first light splitting film, the transmissivity of the second light splitting film and the reflectivity of the second light splitting film.
As shown in fig. 4, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the first light splitting film is plural, and the second light splitting film is plural; the plurality of first light splitting films are arranged in parallel, and the plurality of second light splitting films are arranged in parallel; the distance between the first light splitting film closest to the third inclined plane and the third inclined plane is larger than the distance between the second light splitting film farthest from the first inclined plane and the first inclined plane. Other structures are the same as those of embodiment 1, and are not described herein.
Example 3
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a near-eye waveguide display device with an enlarged field angle according to embodiment 3 of the present invention. Referring to fig. 5, the near-eye waveguide display device of the present embodiment that expands the angle of field differs from embodiment 1 described above in that the first light splitting film is disposed inside the first waveguide sheet and parallel to the second slope; the second light splitting film is arranged inside the second waveguide sheet and is parallel to the first inclined plane, so that the eye entering direction of the virtual image can be changed. Other structures are the same as those of embodiment 1, and are not described herein.
Example 4
In order to ensure enough exit pupil distance and eye movement range, the number of light splitting films in the two waveguides is increased to realize overlapping splicing of different fields of view of the two waveguides, so that the image is a complete image. The present embodiment is different from embodiment 3 in that the first light splitting film is plural, and the second light splitting film is plural; the plurality of first light splitting films are arranged in parallel, and the plurality of second light splitting films are arranged in parallel; the distance between the first light splitting film closest to the third inclined plane and the third inclined plane is larger than the distance between the second light splitting film farthest from the first inclined plane and the first inclined plane. The other structures are the same as those of embodiment 3, and are not described herein.
Example 5
The near-eye waveguide display devices of the above-described embodiments 1 to 4 each implement only the pupil expansion in the horizontal direction, that is, the human eye can move a large range in the horizontal direction while viewing a full virtual image, but the movable range in the vertical direction is narrow, and in order to expand the vertical direction movement range of the human eye, the present embodiment combines the two-layer waveguides of embodiment 1 and embodiment 3 to implement the bidirectional pupil expansion, thereby simultaneously expanding the horizontal and vertical field angles and the eye movement range.
The near-eye waveguide display device of the embodiment which enlarges the field angle includes: a first waveguide display device and a second waveguide display device; the first waveguide display device is located above the second waveguide display device.
The first waveguide display device includes a first waveguide sheet, a second waveguide sheet, a first dichroic film, and a second dichroic film; the first waveguide sheet is positioned above the second waveguide sheet, and the first waveguide sheet and the second waveguide sheet are not in contact.
One side surface of the second waveguide sheet is a first inclined surface inclined outwards from top to bottom; the first waveguide sheet is provided with a second inclined surface which is connected with the lower surface of the first waveguide sheet and is parallel to the first inclined surface; the second inclined plane is opposite to the first inclined plane; the outer end of the second inclined plane is connected with one end of the upper surface of the first waveguide sheet to form a third inclined plane; the third inclined surface is an inclined surface which inclines outwards from top to bottom; the upper surface of the first waveguide sheet, the lower surface of the first waveguide sheet, the upper surface of the second waveguide sheet, and the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet are parallel to each other.
The first light splitting film is arranged inside the first waveguide sheet and is in mirror symmetry with the second inclined plane; the second light splitting film is arranged in the second waveguide sheet and is in mirror symmetry with the first inclined plane; the first light splitting film and the second light splitting film have a set interval in the horizontal direction; the light irradiated onto the first inclined plane from the lower part of the second waveguide sheet is partially totally reflected on the first inclined plane to obtain first reflected light, and the other part of the light is transmitted on the first inclined plane to obtain first transmitted light; the first reflected light is transmitted in the second waveguide sheet and reflected by the second light splitting film, the second transmitted light passes through the second inclined plane and then is totally reflected on the third inclined plane to obtain second reflected light, and the second reflected light is transmitted in the first waveguide sheet, reflected to the second waveguide sheet by the first light splitting film and transmitted by the second waveguide sheet.
The second waveguide display device includes: a third waveguide sheet, a fourth waveguide sheet, a third light splitting film, and a fourth light splitting film; the third waveguide sheet is located on the fourth waveguide sheet, and the third waveguide sheet and the fourth waveguide sheet are not in contact with each other.
One side surface of the fourth waveguide sheet is a fourth inclined surface inclined outwards from top to bottom; the third waveguide sheet is provided with a fifth inclined surface which is connected with the lower surface of the third waveguide sheet and is parallel to the fourth inclined surface; the fifth inclined plane is opposite to the fourth inclined plane; the outer end of the fifth inclined plane is connected with one end of the upper surface of the third waveguide sheet to form a sixth inclined plane; the sixth inclined surface is a surface inclined outwards from top to bottom; the upper surface of the third waveguide sheet, the lower surface of the third waveguide sheet, the upper surface of the fourth waveguide sheet, and the lower surface of the fourth waveguide sheet are parallel to each other.
The third light splitting film is arranged inside the third waveguide sheet and is parallel to the fifth inclined plane; the fourth light-dividing film is arranged inside the fourth waveguide sheet and is parallel to the fourth inclined plane; the third light dividing film and the fourth light dividing film have a set interval in the horizontal direction; the light irradiated onto the fourth inclined plane from the lower part of the fourth waveguide sheet is partially totally reflected on the fourth inclined plane to obtain third reflected light, and the other part of the light is transmitted on the fourth inclined plane to obtain second transmitted light; the third reflected light is transmitted in the fourth waveguide sheet and reflected by the fourth light dividing film, the second transmitted light passes through the fifth inclined plane and then is totally reflected on the sixth inclined plane to obtain fourth reflected light, and the fourth reflected light is transmitted in the third waveguide sheet, reflected to the fourth waveguide sheet by the third light dividing film and then transmitted by the fourth waveguide sheet.
The light reflected by the fourth light dividing film and the light reflected by the third light dividing film into the fourth waveguide sheet and transmitted by the fourth waveguide sheet are both incident to the first inclined plane from the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet, and one part of the light is totally reflected on the first inclined plane and the other part of the light is transmitted.
According to the near-eye waveguide display device, the image light source is coupled into the waveguide from the upper right corner, light rays can propagate in the waveguide along the vertical direction and the horizontal direction respectively and finally reach human eyes, and therefore the human eyes can see virtual images when moving in a large horizontal and vertical direction range.
Example 6
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a near-eye waveguide display device with an enlarged field angle according to embodiment 6 of the present invention. Referring to fig. 6, in order to ensure sufficient exit pupil distance and eye movement range, the number of the light splitting films in the two waveguides is increased to realize overlapping splicing of different fields of view of the two waveguides, so that the image is a complete image. The present embodiment is different from embodiment 5 in that the first light splitting film is plural, and the second light splitting film is plural; the plurality of first light splitting films are arranged in parallel, and the plurality of second light splitting films are arranged in parallel; the distance between the first light splitting film closest to the third inclined plane and the third inclined plane is larger than the distance between the second light splitting film farthest from the first inclined plane and the first inclined plane.
The number of the third light-dividing films is multiple, and the number of the fourth light-dividing films is multiple; the plurality of third light splitting films are arranged in parallel, and the plurality of fourth light splitting films are arranged in parallel; the distance between the third light dividing film closest to the sixth inclined plane and the sixth inclined plane is larger than the distance between the fourth light dividing film farthest to the fourth inclined plane and the fourth inclined plane.
The other structures are the same as those of embodiment 3, and are not described herein.
According to the near-eye waveguide display device, the image light source is coupled into the waveguide from the upper right corner, light rays can be transmitted in the waveguide along the vertical direction and the horizontal direction respectively and finally reach human eyes, and therefore the human eyes can see complete virtual images when moving in a large horizontal and vertical direction range.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A near-eye waveguide display device that expands a field angle, comprising: the device comprises a first waveguide sheet, a second waveguide sheet, a first light splitting film and a second light splitting film; the first waveguide sheet is positioned above the second waveguide sheet, and the first waveguide sheet is not contacted with the second waveguide sheet;
one side surface of the second waveguide sheet is a first inclined surface inclined outwards from top to bottom; the first waveguide sheet is provided with a second inclined surface which is connected with the lower surface of the first waveguide sheet and is parallel to the first inclined surface; the second inclined plane is opposite to the first inclined plane; the outer end of the second inclined plane is connected with one end of the upper surface of the first waveguide sheet to form a third inclined plane; the third inclined surface is an inclined surface which inclines outwards from top to bottom; the upper surface of the first waveguide sheet, the lower surface of the first waveguide sheet, the upper surface of the second waveguide sheet, and the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet are parallel to each other;
the first light splitting film is arranged inside the first waveguide sheet and is in mirror symmetry with the second inclined plane; the second light splitting film is arranged in the second waveguide sheet and is in mirror symmetry with the first inclined plane; the first light splitting film and the second light splitting film have a set interval in the horizontal direction; the light irradiated onto the first inclined plane from the lower part of the second waveguide sheet is partially reflected on the first inclined plane to obtain first reflected light, and the other part is transmitted on the first inclined plane to obtain transmitted light; the first reflected light is transmitted in the second waveguide sheet and reflected by the second light splitting film, the transmitted light passes through the second inclined plane and then is totally reflected on the third inclined plane to obtain second reflected light, and the second reflected light is transmitted in the first waveguide sheet, reflected to the second waveguide sheet by the first light splitting film and then transmitted by the second waveguide sheet.
2. The near-eye waveguide display device with an expanded field angle according to claim 1, wherein the first dichroic film is provided in plurality, and the second dichroic film is provided in plurality; the plurality of first light splitting films are arranged in parallel, and the plurality of second light splitting films are arranged in parallel; the distance between the first light splitting film closest to the third inclined plane and the third inclined plane is larger than the distance between the second light splitting film farthest from the first inclined plane and the first inclined plane.
3. The near-eye waveguide display device with an expanded field angle of claim 1, wherein the minimum value of the angle between the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet and the third inclined surface is
Wherein A is the incident angle of the left edge line light on the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet, and n is the refractive index of the first waveguide sheet; the left edge line light is the part of light which is transmitted at the first inclined plane in the light irradiated to the first inclined plane below the second waveguide sheet;
the maximum value of the included angle between the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet and the third inclined surface is
The incident angle of the second reflected light when reflected on the upper surface of the first waveguide sheet is
c＝180°-2·θ+a；
Theta is an included angle between the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet and the third inclined surface, and a is a refraction angle of the left edge line light when the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet is refracted.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the incident angle of the first reflected light reflected by the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet is set to be an angle of incidence
f＝2·θ1+d；
Wherein, theta1D is a refraction angle of right edge line light when the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet refracts; the right edge line light isThe part of the light irradiated to the first inclined plane below the two waveguide pieces is totally reflected on the first inclined plane.
5. A near-eye waveguide display device that expands a field angle, comprising: the device comprises a first waveguide sheet, a second waveguide sheet, a first light splitting film and a second light splitting film; the first waveguide sheet is positioned above the second waveguide sheet, and the first waveguide sheet is not contacted with the second waveguide sheet;
one side surface of the second waveguide sheet is a first inclined surface inclined outwards from top to bottom; the first waveguide sheet is provided with a second inclined surface which is connected with the lower surface of the first waveguide sheet and is parallel to the first inclined surface; the second inclined plane is opposite to the first inclined plane; the outer end of the second inclined plane is connected with one end of the upper surface of the first waveguide sheet to form a third inclined plane; the third inclined surface is an inclined surface which inclines outwards from top to bottom; the upper surface of the first waveguide sheet, the lower surface of the first waveguide sheet, the upper surface of the second waveguide sheet, and the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet are parallel to each other;
the first light splitting film is arranged in the first waveguide sheet and is parallel to the second inclined plane; the second light splitting film is arranged in the second waveguide sheet and is parallel to the first inclined plane; the first light splitting film and the second light splitting film have a set interval in the horizontal direction; the light irradiated onto the first inclined plane from the lower part of the second waveguide sheet is partially reflected on the first inclined plane to obtain first reflected light, and the other part is transmitted on the first inclined plane to obtain transmitted light; the first reflected light is transmitted in the second waveguide sheet and reflected by the second light splitting film, the transmitted light passes through the second inclined plane and then is totally reflected on the third inclined plane to obtain second reflected light, and the second reflected light is transmitted in the first waveguide sheet, reflected to the second waveguide sheet by the first light splitting film and then transmitted by the second waveguide sheet.
6. The near-eye waveguide display device with an expanded field angle according to claim 5, wherein the first dichroic film is provided in plurality, and the second dichroic film is provided in plurality; the plurality of first light splitting films are arranged in parallel, and the plurality of second light splitting films are arranged in parallel; the distance between the first light splitting film closest to the third inclined plane and the third inclined plane is larger than the distance between the second light splitting film farthest from the first inclined plane and the first inclined plane.
7. The near-eye waveguide display device with an expanded field angle of claim 5, wherein the minimum value of the angle between the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet and the third inclined surface is
Wherein A is the incident angle of the left edge line light on the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet, and n is the refractive index of the first waveguide sheet; the left edge line light is the part of light which is transmitted at the first inclined plane in the light irradiated to the first inclined plane below the second waveguide sheet;
the maximum value of the included angle between the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet and the third inclined surface is
The incident angle of the second reflected light when reflected on the upper surface of the first waveguide sheet is
c＝180°-2·θ+a；
Theta is an included angle between the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet and the third inclined surface, and a is a refraction angle of the left edge line light when the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet is refracted.
8. The device according to claim 5, wherein the incident angle of the first reflected light reflected by the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet is set to be an angle of incidence
f＝2·θ1+d；
Wherein, theta1D is a refraction angle of right edge line light when the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet refracts; the right edge line light is a part of light which is totally reflected on the first inclined plane in the light irradiated to the first inclined plane below the second waveguide sheet.
9. A near-eye waveguide display device that expands a field angle, comprising: a first waveguide display device and a second waveguide display device; the first waveguide display device is located above the second waveguide display device;
the first waveguide display device includes a first waveguide sheet, a second waveguide sheet, a first dichroic film, and a second dichroic film; the first waveguide sheet is positioned above the second waveguide sheet, and the first waveguide sheet is not contacted with the second waveguide sheet;
one side surface of the second waveguide sheet is a first inclined surface inclined outwards from top to bottom; the first waveguide sheet is provided with a second inclined surface which is connected with the lower surface of the first waveguide sheet and is parallel to the first inclined surface; the second inclined plane is opposite to the first inclined plane; the outer end of the second inclined plane is connected with one end of the upper surface of the first waveguide sheet to form a third inclined plane; the third inclined surface is an inclined surface which inclines outwards from top to bottom; the upper surface of the first waveguide sheet, the lower surface of the first waveguide sheet, the upper surface of the second waveguide sheet, and the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet are parallel to each other;
the first light splitting film is arranged inside the first waveguide sheet and is in mirror symmetry with the second inclined plane; the second light splitting film is arranged in the second waveguide sheet and is in mirror symmetry with the first inclined plane; the first light splitting film and the second light splitting film have a set interval in the horizontal direction; the light irradiated onto the first inclined plane from the lower part of the second waveguide sheet is partially totally reflected on the first inclined plane to obtain first reflected light, and the other part of the light is transmitted on the first inclined plane to obtain first transmitted light; the first reflected light is transmitted in the second waveguide sheet and reflected by the second light splitting film, the second transmitted light passes through the second inclined plane and then is totally reflected on the third inclined plane to obtain second reflected light, and the second reflected light is transmitted in the first waveguide sheet, reflected to the second waveguide sheet by the first light splitting film and then transmitted by the second waveguide sheet;
the second waveguide display device includes: a third waveguide sheet, a fourth waveguide sheet, a third light splitting film, and a fourth light splitting film; the third waveguide sheet is positioned on the fourth waveguide sheet, and the third waveguide sheet is not in contact with the fourth waveguide sheet;
one side surface of the fourth waveguide sheet is a fourth inclined surface inclined outwards from top to bottom; the third waveguide sheet is provided with a fifth inclined surface which is connected with the lower surface of the third waveguide sheet and is parallel to the fourth inclined surface; the fifth inclined plane is opposite to the fourth inclined plane; the outer end of the fifth inclined plane is connected with one end of the upper surface of the third waveguide sheet to form a sixth inclined plane; the sixth inclined surface is a surface inclined outwards from top to bottom; an upper surface of the third waveguide sheet, a lower surface of the third waveguide sheet, an upper surface of the fourth waveguide sheet, and a lower surface of the fourth waveguide sheet are parallel to each other;
the third light splitting film is arranged inside the third waveguide sheet and is parallel to the fifth inclined plane; the fourth light-dividing film is arranged inside the fourth waveguide sheet and is parallel to the fourth inclined plane; the third light dividing film and the fourth light dividing film have a set interval in the horizontal direction; the light irradiated onto the fourth inclined plane from the lower part of the fourth waveguide sheet is partially totally reflected on the fourth inclined plane to obtain third reflected light, and the other part of the light is transmitted on the fourth inclined plane to obtain second transmitted light; the third reflected light is transmitted in the fourth waveguide sheet and reflected by the fourth light dividing film, the second transmitted light passes through the fifth inclined plane and then is totally reflected on the sixth inclined plane to obtain fourth reflected light, and the fourth reflected light is transmitted in the third waveguide sheet, reflected to the fourth waveguide sheet by the third light dividing film and then transmitted by the fourth waveguide sheet;
the light reflected by the fourth light dividing film and the light reflected by the third light dividing film into the fourth waveguide sheet and transmitted by the fourth waveguide sheet are both incident to the first inclined plane from the lower surface of the second waveguide sheet, and one part of the light is totally reflected on the first inclined plane and the other part of the light is transmitted.
10. The near-eye waveguide display device with an expanded field angle of claim 9, wherein the first dichroic film is plural, and the second dichroic film is plural; the plurality of first light splitting films are arranged in parallel, and the plurality of second light splitting films are arranged in parallel; the distance between the first light splitting film closest to the third inclined plane and the third inclined plane is greater than the distance between the second light splitting film farthest from the first inclined plane and the first inclined plane;
the number of the third light-dividing films is multiple, and the number of the fourth light-dividing films is multiple; the plurality of third light splitting films are arranged in parallel, and the plurality of fourth light splitting films are arranged in parallel; the distance between the third light dividing film closest to the sixth inclined plane and the sixth inclined plane is larger than the distance between the fourth light dividing film farthest to the fourth inclined plane and the fourth inclined plane.
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| WO2022012068A1 (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2022-01-20 | 深圳珑璟光电科技有限公司 | Viewing angle adjusting method and near-eye display device |
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