CN111220027A - 一种用于装甲车的衬层防弹装甲板及其生产工艺 - Google Patents

一种用于装甲车的衬层防弹装甲板及其生产工艺 Download PDF

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CN111220027A
CN111220027A CN202010053250.7A CN202010053250A CN111220027A CN 111220027 A CN111220027 A CN 111220027A CN 202010053250 A CN202010053250 A CN 202010053250A CN 111220027 A CN111220027 A CN 111220027A
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bulletproof
layer
aramid
cloth
buffer layer
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邵强
王紫涵
魏成霖
宋磊磊
翟阳
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Zhonghang Armoured Technology Co ltd
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Zhonghang Armoured Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种用于装甲车的衬层防弹装甲板，包括聚脲涂层、缓冲层和防弹层，所述缓冲层与所述防弹层通过热固性胶或者热塑性胶粘接固定，所述聚脲涂层均匀地的涂覆在所述缓冲层和防弹层的外侧。本发明的装甲板的抗弹性能强，有效实现了装甲材料减重和抗多发弹及二次破片弹性能，并且满足相应的车辆阻燃要求。

Description

一种用于装甲车的衬层防弹装甲板及其生产工艺
技术领域
本发明属于军警用装备技术领域，尤其是涉及一种用于装甲车的衬层防弹装甲板。
背景技术
国内外轻型车辆防弹装甲板绝大部分还是采用防弹钢板，高端车辆或要求较高的，多采用瑞典进口钢板；一般情况下，均采用国产防弹钢板，比如上海浦钢的616防弹钢。国内猛士军用越野车内装有轻质芳纶装甲板，防护效果显著，但车舱内侧无缓冲层。且目前国内外装甲车内防二次破片的应用研究还是比较少，一般都是通过车体装甲钢防护，内部无二次防破片措施。
使用现有的防弹钢板作为车辆的防弹装甲板具有以下的几个不足：1、现有的防弹装甲板在受到炮弹攻击时，一旦破片进入车辆驾驶舱内形成二次破片弹，容易引起车辆内部起火，将对车内人员及仪器仪表造成损伤；2、在车辆颠簸行驶或遭受炮弹袭击时，车内人员与车内壁之间容易发生碰撞，易造成人员受伤。
发明内容
为解决上述的装甲板没有防二次破片弹的性能，本发明提供一种用于装甲车的衬层防弹装甲板及其生产工艺，该装甲板的抗弹性能强，有效实现了装甲材料减重和抗多发弹及二次破片弹性能，并且满足相应的车辆阻燃要求。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种用于装甲车的衬层防弹装甲板，包括聚脲涂层、缓冲层和防弹层，所述缓冲层与所述防弹层通过热固性胶或者热塑性胶粘接固定，所述聚脲涂层均匀地涂覆在所述缓冲层和防弹层的外侧。
进一步地，所述防弹层由多层芳纶织物、芳纶单向布和芳纶正交布依次交替叠加混合后压制成的防弹板。
进一步地，所述芳纶织物、芳纶单向布和芳纶正交布以1:1-2:1-3的叠加层数比例进行叠加混合。
进一步地，所述缓冲层由软质发泡材料制成。
进一步地，所述软质发泡材料为聚氨酯、EVA、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚烯烃泡沫、酚醛泡沫或环氧化物树脂泡沫中的一种或多种制成。
进一步地，所述缓冲层和防弹层的厚度比为1:3-4。
一种用于装甲车的衬层防弹装甲板的生产工艺，包括以下步骤：
1)制备防弹层：先将芳纶织物、芳纶单向布、芳纶正交布裁切为相同尺寸的芳纶布；其次，将裁剪好的芳纶织物、芳纶单向布、芳纶正交布依次以1:1-2:1-3的叠加层数比例进行叠加混合后送入液压模机，进行模压，将多层芳纶布压制成防弹板；之后，将模具加热且保压一段时间；再进行冷却、开模、裁切，即可得到所需形状的防弹层；
2)制备缓冲层：将软质发泡材料进行裁剪，裁剪为与上述防弹层一致的形状大小；
3)缓冲层与防弹层结合：使用热塑性或者热固性胶将缓冲层与防弹层进行粘接；
4)涂覆聚脲涂层：将步骤3)中得到的产品的外表面均匀喷涂阻燃聚脲涂层，晾干之后即可得到衬层防弹装甲板。
进一步地，步骤1)中，优选的叠加层数比例为1:1.5:2。
进一步地，步骤1)中在对模具进行加热时采用电加热的方式。
进一步地，采用电加热进行加热时，将导热油加热，通过导热油传导给模具，将模具加热至所需温度。
本发明具有的优点和积极效果是：
1、在驾驶舱内部遭受二次破片撞击时，本发明所提供的衬层防弹装甲板可吸收二次破片弹冲击能量，使二次破片弹嵌入在防弹层中，从而减少人员及仪器的损伤；
2、车辆在遭到炮弹攻击或颠簸行驶发生碰撞时，本发明所提供的衬层防弹装甲板中的缓冲层可在人员撞击时起缓冲吸能保护作用，从而减少车内人员碰撞伤害；
3、本发明采用的芳纶纤维增强复合材料及聚脲涂层具有阻燃效果；
4、本发明的衬层防弹装甲板的重量轻，相比防弹钢板其重量大幅度减轻，可以带给车辆更高的机动性和承载能力。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种用于装甲车的衬层防弹装甲板的结构示意图；
图中：1-聚脲涂层，2-缓冲层，3-防弹层。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作详细说明。
如图1所示，一种用于装甲车的衬层防弹装甲板，包括聚脲涂层1、缓冲层2和防弹层3，所述缓冲层2与所述防弹层3通过热固性胶或者热塑性胶粘接固定，所述聚脲涂层1均匀地的涂覆在所述缓冲层2和防弹层3的外侧。其中，聚脲涂层1具有阻燃作用，放置内部起火，保证内部设备及人员的安全；人员在发生碰撞时，与缓冲层2接触，其可以缓冲吸能，减少人员碰撞产生的伤害；防弹层3直接与装甲车的外层防弹钢板接触，当发生碰撞时，其产生的二次破片可嵌入在该防弹层3内，无法进入到装甲车的内部空间，进而保证内部人员与设备的安全。
进一步地，所述防弹层3由多层芳纶织物、芳纶单向布和芳纶正交布依次交替叠加混合后压制成的防弹板；其中，所述防弹层3由芳纶布压制形成的板，其在防弹方面具有优势，当遭受炮弹攻击时，其弹丸和碎片只会嵌入在该防弹层3的内部，而不会出现跳弹的现象，进而可有效防止二次伤害。
进一步地，所述芳纶织物、芳纶单向布和芳纶正交布以1:1-2:1-3的叠加层数比例进行叠加混合。
进一步地，所述缓冲层2由软质发泡材料制成，所述发泡材料为聚氨酯、EVA、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚烯烃泡沫、酚醛泡沫或环氧化物树脂泡沫中的一种或多种制成。其中，缓冲层2采用软质发泡材料制成，其质地柔软，可以吸能、防止碰撞造成的伤害。
进一步地，所述缓冲层2和防弹层3的厚度比为1:3-4。
一种用于装甲车的衬层防弹装甲板的生产工艺，包括以下步骤：
1)制备防弹层：先将芳纶织物、芳纶单向布、芳纶正交布裁切为相同尺寸的芳纶布；其次，将裁剪好的芳纶织物、芳纶单向布、芳纶正交布依次以1:1-2:1-3的叠加层数比例进行叠加混合后送入液压模机，进行模压，将多层芳纶布压制成防弹板；之后，将模具加热且保压一段时间；再进行冷却、开模、裁切，即可得到所需形状的防弹层；
2)制备缓冲层：将软质发泡材料进行裁剪，裁剪为与上述防弹层一致的形状大小；
3)缓冲层与防弹层结合：使用热塑性或者热固性胶将缓冲层与防弹层进行粘接；
4)涂覆聚脲涂层：将步骤3)中得到的产品的外表面均匀喷涂阻燃聚脲涂层，晾干之后即可得到衬层防弹装甲板。
其中，步骤1)中在对模具进行加热时采用电加热的方式，采用电加热进行加热时，将导热油加热，通过导热油传导给模具，将模具加热至所需温度。
实施例1：
按照上述生产工艺制备衬层防弹装甲板，其中在步骤1)中，裁剪好的芳纶织物、芳纶单向布、芳纶正交布依次以1:1:1的叠加层数比例进行叠加混合，即在进行叠加时，先在底部铺设一层芳纶织物，再铺设一层芳纶单向布，再铺设一层芳纶正交布，以此铺设顺序重复进行叠加混合；且在本实施例中，使用聚氨酯制作缓冲层2，缓冲层2与防弹层1通过热固性胶进行粘接，且最终得到的衬层防弹装甲板的缓冲层厚度与防弹层厚度比例为1:3。
实施例2：
按照上述生产工艺制备衬层防弹装甲板，其中在步骤1)中，裁剪好的芳纶织物、芳纶单向布、芳纶正交布依次以1:1:3的叠加层数比例进行叠加混合，即在进行叠加时，先在底部铺设一层芳纶织物，再铺设一层芳纶单向布，再铺设三层芳纶正交布，以此铺设顺序重复进行叠加混合；且在本实施例中，使用聚氨酯制作缓冲层2，缓冲层2与防弹层1通过热固性胶进行粘接，且最终得到的衬层防弹装甲板的缓冲层厚度与防弹层厚度比例为1:4。
实施例3：
按照上述生产工艺制备衬层防弹装甲板，其中在步骤1)中，裁剪好的芳纶织物、芳纶单向布、芳纶正交布依次以1:1.5:2的叠加层数比例进行叠加混合，即在进行叠加时，先在底部铺设一层芳纶织物，再铺设一层芳纶单向布，再铺设两层芳纶正交布，再铺设一层芳纶织物，再铺设两层芳纶单向布，再铺设两层芳纶正交布；以此铺设顺序重复进行叠加混合；且在本实施例中，使用聚氨酯制作缓冲层2，缓冲层2与防弹层1通过热固性胶进行粘接，且最终得到的衬层防弹装甲板的缓冲层厚度与防弹层厚度比例为1:4。
实施例4：
按照上述生产工艺制备衬层防弹装甲板，其中在步骤1)中，裁剪好的芳纶织物、芳纶单向布、芳纶正交布依次以1:2:1的叠加层数比例进行叠加混合，即在进行叠加时，先在底部铺设一层芳纶织物，再铺设两层芳纶单向布，再铺设一层芳纶正交布，以此铺设顺序重复进行叠加混合；且在本实施例中，使用聚氨酯制作缓冲层2，缓冲层2与防弹层1通过热固性胶进行粘接，且最终得到的衬层防弹装甲板的缓冲层厚度与防弹层厚度比例为1:3。
实施例5：
按照上述生产工艺制备衬层防弹装甲板，其中在步骤1)中，裁剪好的芳纶织物、芳纶单向布、芳纶正交布依次以1:2:2的叠加层数比例进行叠加混合，即在进行叠加时，先在底部铺设一层芳纶织物，再铺设两层芳纶单向布，再铺设两层芳纶正交布，以此铺设顺序重复进行叠加混合；且在本实施例中，使用聚氨酯制作缓冲层2，缓冲层2与防弹层1通过热固性胶进行粘接，且最终得到的衬层防弹装甲板的缓冲层厚度与防弹层厚度比例为1:3。
实施例6：
按照上述生产工艺制备衬层防弹装甲板，其中在步骤1)中，裁剪好的芳纶织物、芳纶单向布、芳纶正交布依次以1:2:3的叠加层数比例进行叠加混合，即在进行叠加时，先在底部铺设一层芳纶织物，再铺设两层芳纶单向布，再铺设三层芳纶正交布，以此铺设顺序重复进行叠加混合；且在本实施例中，使用聚氨酯制作缓冲层2，缓冲层2与防弹层1通过热固性胶进行粘接，且最终得到的衬层防弹装甲板的缓冲层厚度与防弹层厚度比例为1:3。
对比例1：
按照与本发明同样的生产工艺制备防弹装甲板，其中在步骤1)中，该防弹层1只由芳纶织物一种芳纶布进行叠加后压制制得；且使用聚氨酯制作缓冲层2，缓冲层2与防弹层1通过热固性胶进行粘接，且最终得到的防弹装甲板的缓冲层厚度与防弹层厚度比例为1:4。
对比例2：
按照与本发明同样的生产工艺制备防弹装甲板，其中在步骤1)中，该防弹层1只由芳纶单向布一种芳纶布进行叠加后压制制得；且使用聚氨酯制作缓冲层2，缓冲层2与防弹层1通过热固性胶进行粘接，且最终得到的防弹装甲板的缓冲层厚度与防弹层厚度比例为1:4。
对比例3：
按照与本发明同样的生产工艺制备防弹装甲板，其中在步骤1)中，该防弹层1只由芳纶正交布一种芳纶布进行叠加后压制制得；且使用聚氨酯制作缓冲层2，缓冲层2与防弹层1通过热固性胶进行粘接，且最终得到的防弹装甲板的缓冲层厚度与防弹层厚度比例为1:4。
根据不同的的芳纶织物、芳纶单向布和芳纶正交布的混合比例，制得实施例1-6以及对比例1-3的装甲板；在进行制备时，实施例1-6和对比例1-3制得的防弹层的厚度以及其截面的长和宽均一致相同；
因防弹装甲板中的防弹层具备防弹能力，故在制备时，将实施例1-6中制得的防弹层和对比例1-3中制得的防弹层均进行抗弹能力检测，其检测结果如以下表2所示：
检测方法：根据GA950-2011《防弹材料及产品V50试验方法》对制得的作为防弹层的防弹板进行检测，1、在常温条件下，射距5m，射角0°，用7.62mm专用发射器配1.1g模拟破片，有效射弹9发，检测其防弹板对于破片弹道的极限值；2、计算防弹板的面密度，面密度为防弹板的重量除以面积，其检测结果如表1所示：
表1防弹装甲板的检测数据
Figure BDA0002371958480000071
Figure BDA0002371958480000081
根据以上的检测数据可知，其中，面密度为反映的其抗弹能力的一项参数，当面密度约小时，其防弹板的重量越轻；当面密度较小时，其对应的抗弹极限值越大时，其防弹板的性能越好；
将实施例1-6的数据与对比例1-3的数据进行对比，在面密度相同或相近的情况下，其实施例1-6的极限值大于对比例1-3的极限值，分析可知，由芳纶织物、芳纶单向布与芳纶正交布混合制得的防弹板的性能好于单纯使用其中一种制得的防弹板的性能，进而本发明的防弹装甲板具有良好的抗弹能力，可以满足在装甲车内部防二次破片弹的需要；
将实施例1-6之间数据进行对比，分析可知，当芳纶织物、芳纶单向布与芳纶正交布的比例为1:1.5:2制得的防弹板的性能最好，可优选该比例进行制备。
其缓冲层用于与人体接触的一层，主要用于吸能和缓解冲撞时对人体的伤害，根据其具体的需要设置其缓冲层的厚度，当装甲车内的空间较小时，选择缓冲层与防弹层为1:4的比例，以进一步节省内部空间；当装甲车内的空间足够时，选择缓冲层与防弹层为1:3的比例，以最大程度防止在撞击时对人体造成的伤害。
本发明的衬层防弹装甲板主要用于装甲车内的顶棚、侧壁等和车内人员身体接触的一侧，用以保护车内设备以及人员的安全；且该装甲板的质量轻，根据需要可以选择搭接、胶接以及铆接等装配方式，便于安装与拆卸，使用方便。具有良好的二次防弹性能，其作用显著。
以上对本发明的几个实施例进行了详细说明，但所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例，不能被认为用于限定本发明的实施范围。凡依本发明申请范围所作的均等变化与改进等，均应仍归属于本发明的专利涵盖范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于装甲车的衬层防弹装甲板，其特征在于：包括聚脲涂层(1)、缓冲层(2)和防弹层(3)，所述缓冲层(2)与所述防弹层(3)通过热固性胶或者热塑性胶粘接固定，所述聚脲涂层(1)均匀地涂覆在所述缓冲层(2)和防弹层(3)的外侧。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于装甲车的衬层防弹装甲板，其特征在于：所述防弹层(3)为多层芳纶织物、芳纶单向布和芳纶正交布依次交替叠加后压制成的防弹板。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种用于装甲车的衬层防弹装甲板，其特征在于：所述芳纶织物、芳纶单向布和芳纶正交布以1:1-2:1-3的叠加层数比例进行叠加混合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于装甲车的衬层防弹装甲板，其特征在于：所述缓冲层(2)由软质发泡材料制成。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种用于装甲车的衬层防弹装甲板，其特征在于：所述软质发泡材料为聚氨酯、EVA、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚烯烃泡沫、酚醛泡沫或环氧化物树脂泡沫中的一种或多种制成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于装甲车的衬层防弹装甲板，其特征在于：所述缓冲层(2)和防弹层(3)的厚度比为1:3-4。
7.一种如权利要求1-6任意一项所述的用于装甲车的衬层防弹装甲板的生产工艺，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
1)制备防弹层：先将芳纶织物、芳纶单向布、芳纶正交布裁切为相同尺寸的芳纶布；其次，将裁剪好的芳纶织物、芳纶单向布、芳纶正交布依次交替叠加后送入液压模机，进行模压，将多层芳纶布压制成防弹板；之后，将模具加热且保压一段时间；再进行冷却、开模、裁切，即可得到所需形状的防弹层；
2)制备缓冲层：将软质发泡材料进行裁剪，裁剪为与上述防弹层一致的形状大小；
3)缓冲层与防弹层结合：使用热塑性或者热固性胶将缓冲层与防弹层进行粘接；
4)涂覆聚脲涂层：将步骤3)中得到的产品的外表面均匀喷涂阻燃聚脲涂层，晾干之后即可得到衬层防弹装甲板。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种用于装甲车的衬层防弹装甲板，其特征在于：步骤1)中，所述芳纶织物、芳纶单向布和芳纶正交布以1:1-2:1-3的叠加层数比例进行叠加混合，优选的叠加层数比例为1:1.5:2。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种用于装甲车的衬层防弹装甲板，其特征在于：步骤1)中在对模具进行加热时采用电加热的方式。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种用于装甲车的衬层防弹装甲板，其特征在于：采用电加热进行加热时，将导热油加热，通过导热油传导给模具，将模具加热至所需温度。
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CN113787782A (zh) * 2021-09-03 2021-12-14 南通强生石墨烯科技有限公司 一种高强防弹面料及其制备方法
CN115289909A (zh) * 2022-09-01 2022-11-04 山东非金属材料研究所 一种装甲车用防弹板及其制备方法

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