CN109648925A - 复合防弹板及其制作方法、防弹车辆 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提出了复合防弹板及其制作方法、防弹车辆。该复合防弹板包括:面板,由陶瓷材料形成;第一胶层,设置在面板的下表面;吸能层,设置在第一胶层的下表面且由泡沫铝形成,并且吸能层的外表面被芳纶纤维包覆;第二胶层,设置在吸能层的下表面;背板,设置在第二胶层的下表面且由高强度钢板形成;外壳,完全包覆面板的上表面和背板下表面且外壳由聚脲形成。本发明所提出的复合防弹板,采用陶瓷材料的面板作为迎弹面,并选择芳纶纤维包覆的泡沫铝作为吸能层,可保证复合防弹板的高防护功能的同时,还可有效地降低复合防弹板的重量并使成本也随之降低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及防弹材料制作技术领域,具体的,本发明涉及复合防弹板及其制作方法、防弹车辆。
背景技术
目前,常用的防弹板主要为各种的高强度钢板或合金钢板。而随着新型弹药的发展,高速动能弹、穿甲燃烧弹、新型破甲弹等的不断出现,子弹的侵彻能力不断提高,各种防弹车辆、移动营房的防护等级也相应提高。如果仅依靠增大高强度钢板或合金钢板的厚度来提高防弹板的防护能力,则会相应地增加重量,从而导致机动性下降,并且成本上升。因此,为保证防弹车辆的机动能力和防护等级提升的同时,还可降低使用成本,这使得防弹板必须向着高防护、轻量化、复合化的趋势发展。
发明内容
本发明是基于发明人的下列发现而完成的:
本发明的发明人经过长期的研究,提出一种泡沫铝基的复合防弹板,陶瓷材料的面板抵御穿甲燃烧弹燃烧能量和部分动能,芳纶包覆层可吸收子弹击中陶瓷时传递的能量,在子弹击碎陶瓷后泡沫铝的压缩和破裂能进一步吸收子弹能量,而高强钢基板作为防弹板的基板可通过局部变形吸收子弹的残余能量,从而充分发挥各种防护材料各自的优良性能,且能在一百米距离防护住7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹的攻击,还可具备轻量化和低成本的优势。
有鉴于此,本发明的一个目的在于提出一种防弹性能好、轻量化、低成本的复合防弹板。
在本发明的第一方面,本发明提出了一种复合防弹板。
根据本发明的实施例,所述复合防弹板包括:面板,所述面板由陶瓷材料形成;第一胶层,所述第一胶层设置在所述面板的下表面;吸能层,所述吸能层设置在所述第一胶层的下表面,且所述吸能层由泡沫铝形成,并且,所述吸能层的外表面被芳纶纤维包覆;第二胶层,所述第二胶层设置在所述吸能层的下表面;背板,所述背板设置在所述第二胶层的下表面,且所述背板由高强度钢板形成;外壳,所述外壳完全包覆所述面板的上表面和所述背板下表面,且所述外壳由聚脲形成。
发明人经过研究发现,本发明实施例的复合防弹板,采用陶瓷材料的面板作为迎弹面,并选择芳纶纤维包覆的泡沫铝作为吸能层,可保证复合防弹板的高防护功能的同时,还可有效地降低复合防弹板的重量并使成本也随之降低。
另外,根据本发明上述实施例的复合防弹板,还可以具有如下附加的技术特征:
根据本发明的实施例,所述陶瓷材料包括三氧化二铝、碳化硅和碳化硼中的至少之一。
根据本发明的实施例,所述面板的密度为2.5~3.5g/cm3,所述吸能层的密度为0.3~0.7g/cm3。
根据本发明的实施例,所述面板的厚度小于10mm,所述吸能层的厚度为6~9mm,所述芳纶纤维组成的包覆层的厚度为0.5~2mm,所述背板的厚度小于4mm,所述外壳的厚度为1~2mm。
根据本发明的实施例,所述复合防弹板的总厚度为20~25mm。
根据本发明的实施例,所述复合防弹板的面密度为60~70kg/m2。
在本发明的第二方面,本发明提出了一种制作上述的复合防弹板的方法。
根据本发明的实施例,所述方法包括:(1)将芳纶纤维布包覆在吸能层的表面;(2)在背板的一面涂敷有机胶,并将包覆后的所述吸能层粘贴在所述背板的上表面;(3)在所述吸能层的上表面涂敷有机胶,并将面板粘贴在所述吸能层的上表面;(4)对所述粘贴后的所述面板、所述吸能层和所述背板的表面进行封装,以获得所述复合防弹板。
发明人经过研究发现,采用本发明实施例的制作方法,可在包覆有芳纶纤维的泡沫铝的上下表面分别粘结陶瓷层和高强度钢板,最后整体封装形成聚脲的外壳,从而可制作出高防护、轻量化和低成本的复合防弹板。本领域技术人员能够理解的是,前面针对复合防弹板所描述的特征和优点,仍适用于该制作复合防弹板的方法,在此不再赘述。
另外,根据本发明上述实施例的制作方法,还可以具有如下附加的技术特征:
根据本发明的实施例,步骤(1)包括:(1-1)将芳纶纤维布剪裁成十字形并涂覆有机胶;(1-2)将吸能层放置在所述十字形的芳纶纤维布的中间,并翻折所述十字形的芳纶纤维布的四边,以获得包覆后的所述吸能层。
根据本发明的实施例,步骤(3)包括:(3-1)在所述吸能层的上表面涂敷有机胶,并将尺寸为50mm×50mm的陶瓷片阵列排布在所述吸能层的上表面;(3-2)将30~40kg的压块放在所述陶瓷片阵列的上表面12小时以上。
在本发明的第三方面,本发明提出了一种防弹车辆。
根据本发明的实施例,所述防弹车辆包括上述的复合防弹板。
发明人经过研究发现本发明实施例的防弹车辆,在具有高防弹功能的同时,轻量化的复合防弹板可使防弹车辆的机动能力更好。本领域技术人员能够理解的是,前面针对复合防弹板所描述的特征和优点,仍适用于该防弹车辆,在此不再赘述。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出,部分将从下面的描述中变得明显,或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
本发明的上述的方面结合下面附图对实施例的描述进行解释,其中:
图1是本发明一个实施例的复合防弹板的截面结构示意图;
图2是本发明一个实施例的制作复合防弹板的方法流程示意图;
图3是本发明一个实施例的制作复合防弹板的步骤和产品的示意图;
图4是本发明一个实施例的复合防弹板的射击试验的试验条件示意图;
图5是本发明一个实施例的复合防弹板的射击试验的射击顺序示意图。
附图标记
100 面板
200 第一胶层
300 吸能层
400 包覆层
500 第二胶层
600 背板
700 外壳
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例,本技术领域人员会理解,下面实施例旨在用于解释本发明,而不应视为对本发明的限制。除非特别说明,在下面实施例中没有明确描述具体技术或条件的,本领域技术人员可以按照本领域内的常用的技术或条件或按照产品说明书进行。
在本发明的一个方面,本发明提出了一种复合防弹板。
根据本发明的实施例,参考图1,复合防弹板包括面板100、第一胶层200、吸能层300、包覆层400、第二胶层500、背板600和外壳700;其中,面板100由陶瓷材料形成,第一胶层200设置在面板100的下表面,吸能层300设置在第一胶层200的下表面且由泡沫铝形成,并且吸能层300的外表面被芳纶纤维包覆,第二胶层500设置在吸能层400的下表面,背板600设置在第二胶层500的下表面且由高强度钢板形成,而外壳700完全包覆面板100的上表面和背板600的下表面,且外壳700由聚脲形成。需要说明的是,本文中的“上”具体是指靠近复合防弹板的迎弹面的方向,“下”具体是指远离迎弹面的方向,而“高强度钢板”是指屈服强度达到1370MPa以上的钢板。
本发明的发明人提出一种泡沫铝基的复合防弹板,陶瓷材料的面板100能抵御穿甲燃烧弹的燃烧能量和部分动能,芳纶包覆层400可吸收子弹击中陶瓷面板100时传递的能量,在子弹击碎陶瓷面板100后泡沫铝的压缩和破裂能进一步吸收子弹的能量,而高强钢基板作为防弹板的背板600可通过局部变形吸收子弹的残余能量,从而充分发挥各种防护材料各自的优良性能,且能在一百米距离防护7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹的攻击,还可具备轻量化和低成本的优势。
根据本发明的实施例,形成面板100的陶瓷材料包括三氧化二铝(Al2O3)、碳化硅(SiC)和碳化硼(BC)中的至少之一,如此,采用上述种类的高硬度的陶瓷材料,可更有效地分散穿甲燃烧弹的冲击能量,从而使该复合防弹板具有更高的防护能力。
在本发明的一些实施例中,面板100的密度可为2.5~3.5g/cm3,如此,采用上述密度的陶瓷材料形成的面板100不仅具有高防护能力的同时,还具有轻量化的优点。在本发明一些的实施例中,吸能层300的密度也可为0.3~0.7g/cm3,如此,采用上述密度的泡沫铝形成的吸能层300在吸收子弹大部分的能量的同时,还可进一步使复合防弹板更轻。
在本发明的一些实施例中,面板100的厚度可小于10mm,吸能层300的厚度可为6~9mm,芳纶纤维组成的包覆层400的厚度可为0.5~2mm,背板600的厚度可小于4mm,外壳700的厚度为1~2mm。如此,采用厚度小于10mm的陶瓷材料的面板100作为迎弹面,能更好地抵御7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹的燃烧能量和部分动能;采用0.5~2mm厚的高性能芳纶纤维包覆的6~9mm厚的泡沫铝,能更好地吸收子弹的能量;采用厚度小于4mm的背板600,同样可吸收7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹的残余能量;而采用1~2mm厚的聚脲外壳100,具有弹性且美观。
在本发明的一些实施例中,采用上述厚度范围的各层的总厚度可为20~25mm,如此,上述总厚度的复合防弹板的面密度仅为60~70kg/m2,而同样可在100米抵御7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹攻击的常规的高强度钢板或合金钢板,其厚度在15mm以上且面密度需要大于118kg/m2,对比可知,本发明的复合防弹板在同等的防弹能力下能减重40%以上;并且,相对于15mm以上厚的高强度钢板或合金钢板,陶瓷和泡沫铝的成本能减少10%以上。
综上所述,根据本发明的实施例,本发明提出了一种复合防弹板,采用陶瓷材料的面板作为迎弹面,并选择芳纶纤维包覆的泡沫铝作为吸能层,可保证复合防弹板的高防护功能的同时,还可有效地降低复合防弹板的重量并使成本也随之降低。
在本发明的另一个方面,本发明提出了一种制作复合防弹板的方法。根据本发明的实施例,参考图2,该制作方法包括:
S100:将芳纶纤维布包覆在吸能层的表面。
在该步骤中,参考图3,将芳纶纤维布包覆在吸能层400的全部外表面上,形成包覆层400。根据本发明的实施例,包覆的具体方式不受特别的限制,只要包覆层400能完全包覆住吸能层400的外表面即可。
在本发明的一些实施例中,步骤S100可包括:S110将芳纶纤维布剪裁成如图3的a所示的十字形,并在芳纶纤维布的一个表面上涂覆有机胶,;S120将吸能层300放置在十字形的芳纶纤维布的中间,并翻折十字形的芳纶纤维布的四边,以获得包覆后的吸能层。如此,采用上述的步骤可有效地获得包覆效果更好的吸能层。
S200:在背板的一面涂敷有机胶,并将包覆后的吸能层粘贴在背板的上表面。
在该步骤中,参考图3,在背板600的一面涂敷有机胶,并将包覆后的吸能层300粘贴在背板600的上表面,如此,第二胶层500可牢固地将包覆层400与背板600粘结。
根据本发明的实施例,有机胶的具体种类不受特别的限制,具体例如环氧树脂、热塑性弹性体热熔胶或酚醛树脂,等等,本领域技术人员可根据该复合防弹板的具体使用环境进行相应地选择,在此不再赘述。
S300:在吸能层的上表面涂敷有机胶,并将面板粘贴在吸能层的上表面。
在该步骤中,参考图3,继续在包覆层400的上表面涂覆有机胶,并将面板100粘结在包覆层400的上表面,如此,第一胶层200可牢固地将面板100与包覆层400粘结。
在本发明的一些实施例中,步骤300可包括:S310在包覆层400的上表面涂敷有机胶,并将尺寸为50mm×50mm的陶瓷片阵列排布在包覆层400的上表面;S320将30~40kg的压块放在陶瓷片阵列的上表面12小时以上。如此,采用上述步骤形成的面层100的平整性更好,且更均匀、不易碎。
S400:对粘贴后的面板、吸能层和背板的表面进行封装,以获得复合防弹板。
在该步骤中,参考图3,最后将压合好的面板100、被包覆层400包覆的吸能层300和背板600进行封装,具体可在模具中冲入聚脲进行表面封装,如此,可制作出高防护、轻量化且低成本的复合防弹板。
综上所述,根据本发明的实施例,本发明提出了一种制作方法,可在包覆有芳纶纤维的泡沫铝的上下表面分别粘结陶瓷层和高强度钢板,最后整体封装形成聚脲的外壳,从而可制作出高防护、轻量化和低成本的复合防弹板。本领域技术人员能够理解的是,前面针对复合防弹板所描述的特征和优点,仍适用于该制作复合防弹板的方法,在此不再赘述。
在本发明的另一个方面,本发明提出了一种防弹车辆。根据本发明的实施例,该防弹车辆包括上述的复合防弹板。
根据本发明的实施例,防弹车辆的具体类型不受特别的限制,本领域技术人员可根据该防弹车辆的实际使用环境和设计要求进行相应地选择,在此不再赘述。需要说明的是,防弹车辆除了上述的复合防弹板以外,还包括其他必要的结构和组成,具体例如车体、车底架、走行部、制动装置、通讯系装置,等等,本领域技术人员可根据该防弹车辆的实际需求进行相应地设计和补充,在此不再赘述。
综上所述,根据本发明的实施例,本发明提出了一种防弹车辆,在具有高防弹功能的同时,轻量化的复合防弹板可使防弹车辆的机动能力更好。本领域技术人员能够理解的是,前面针对复合防弹板所描述的特征和优点,仍适用于该防弹车辆,在此不再赘述。
下面参考具体实施例,对本发明进行描述,需要说明的是,这些实施例仅是描述性的,而不以任何方式限制本发明。
实施例1
在该实施例中,制作复合防弹板。其中,复合防弹板的横截面尺寸为(600±1)mm×(600±1)mm,表面平整≤3mm。参考图3,具体步骤如下:
(1)将芳纶纤维布的包覆层按泡沫铝的吸能层的尺寸进行剪裁,并在十字形的芳纶纤维布的一个表面均匀涂敷有机胶,等阴干10分钟后再将吸能层放置在芳纶纤维布的中间,然后翻起芳纶纤维布的四边粘贴吸能层,形成芳纶纤维包覆的泡沫铝吸能层;
(2)在高强钢基板形成的背板的一面均匀涂敷有机胶,等阴干后将包覆后的吸能层粘贴在其上表面;
(3)在包覆后的吸能层的上表面均匀涂敷有机胶,等阴干后将50×50(mm)的陶瓷片阵列排布并粘贴在吸能层的上表面;
(4)用30~40kg的重物均匀压在粘好的复合板上,静止12小时以便有机胶固化;
(5)最后,将固化好的复合板放置在模具中,充入聚脲做表面封装,可形成本发明的泡沫铝基轻量化的复合防弹板。
实施例2
在该实施例中,对实施例1制作出的复合防弹板进行射击试验。
其中,射击试验可参考图4所示,在100米的距离上对复合防弹板进行多发7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹的射击,具体的可参考图5,4发7.62mm×53R穿甲燃烧弹按照象限顺序1至4对各个象限中心射击,最后的第5发对准第1象限中心偏离60mm的位置射击。
该实施例的射击试验结果显示,实施例制作的复合防弹板能抵御5发7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹的攻击,且背板未被穿透。
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外,术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本发明的描述中,“多个”的含义是至少两个,例如两个,三个等,除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外,在不相互矛盾的情况下,本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,可以理解的是,上述实施例是示例性的,不能理解为对本发明的限制,本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。
Claims (10)
1.一种复合防弹板,其特征在于,包括:
面板,所述面板由陶瓷材料形成;
第一胶层,所述第一胶层设置在所述面板的下表面;
吸能层,所述吸能层设置在所述第一胶层的下表面,且所述吸能层由泡沫铝形成,并且,所述吸能层的外表面被芳纶纤维包覆;
第二胶层,所述第二胶层设置在所述吸能层的下表面;
背板,所述背板设置在所述第二胶层的下表面,且所述背板由高强度钢板形成;
外壳,所述外壳完全包覆所述面板的上表面和所述背板下表面,且所述外壳由聚脲形成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合防弹板,其特征在于,所述陶瓷材料包括三氧化二铝、碳化硅和碳化硼中的至少之一。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合防弹板,其特征在于,所述面板的密度为2.5~3.5g/cm3,所述吸能层的密度为0.3~0.7g/cm3。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合防弹板,其特征在于,所述面板的厚度小于10mm,所述吸能层的厚度为6~9mm,所述芳纶纤维组成的包覆层的厚度为0.5~2mm,所述背板的厚度小于4mm,所述外壳的厚度为1~2mm。
5.根据权利要求4所述的复合防弹板,其特征在于,所述复合防弹板的总厚度为20~25mm。
6.根据权利要求5所述的复合防弹板,其特征在于,所述复合防弹板的面密度为60~70kg/m2。
7.一种制作权利要求1~6中任一项所述的复合防弹板的方法,其特征在于,包括:
(1)将芳纶纤维布包覆在吸能层的表面;
(2)在背板的一面涂敷有机胶,并将包覆后的所述吸能层粘贴在所述背板的上表面;
(3)在所述吸能层的上表面涂敷有机胶,并将面板粘贴在所述吸能层的上表面;
(4)对所述粘贴后的所述面板、所述吸能层和所述背板的表面进行封装,以获得所述复合防弹板。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)包括:
(1-1)将芳纶纤维布剪裁成十字形并涂覆有机胶;
(1-2)将吸能层放置在所述十字形的芳纶纤维布的中间,并翻折所述十字形的芳纶纤维布的四边,以获得包覆后的所述吸能层。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)包括:
(3-1)在所述吸能层的上表面涂敷有机胶,并将尺寸为50mm×50mm的陶瓷片阵列排布在所述吸能层的上表面;
(3-2)将30~40kg的压块放在所述陶瓷片阵列的上表面12小时以上。
10.一种防弹车辆,其特征在于,包括权利要求1~6中任一项所述的复合防弹板。
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