CN111219186B - Method for storing compressed gas energy by utilizing deep aquifer - Google Patents
Method for storing compressed gas energy by utilizing deep aquifer Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 184
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G5/00—Storing fluids in natural or artificial cavities or chambers in the earth
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
- F01K3/14—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having both steam accumulator and heater, e.g. superheating accumulator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
- F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B41/02—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids having reservoirs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B41/06—Combinations of two or more pumps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for storing energy by compressed gas by utilizing a deep aquifer, which comprises the following steps: s1, geological drilling is carried out on a target stratum, rock stratum distribution of a deep stratum is ascertained, and permeability of each stratum is measured; s2, checking the sealing performance of an upper covering layer and the connectivity of a target aquifer system; s3, well completion is implemented, a well sealing air-isolation plug and a pressure temperature sensor are arranged, and target aquifer shaft perforation is carried out; s4, arranging a ground compressed gas energy storage power station, and carrying out gas injection rate extreme value determination; s5, injecting buffer gas into the target aquifer to form cushion gas; s6, circularly injecting and extracting working gas into the gas storage space to store and release energy, and monitoring temperature and pressure changes in real time; and S7, judging whether the gas output quantity and the gas output pressure of the shaft outlet meet the energy release efficiency and the generated energy, if so, continuing to step S6, and otherwise, entering step S5. The method can effectively improve the stratum adaptability and the system energy storage efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of compressed gas energy storage, in particular to a method for storing compressed gas energy by utilizing a deep aquifer.
Background
In order to solve the problems of intermittency, instability and the like of renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and the like, redundant energy in the low-peak period of power utilization is stored and used for stabilizing the peak-valley difference of a power grid and improving the internet access rate of the renewable energy sources. At present, besides the pumped storage technology, the compressed gas energy storage technology is another technology capable of realizing large-scale electric energy storage.
In the existing compressed gas energy storage system, an underground gas storage chamber or an artificial gas storage tank is generally adopted as a gas storage device. Among them, the underground gas storage chamber has the advantages of low cost, large gas storage capacity and the like, and is widely applied to large-scale compressed gas energy storage systems. However, the following problems are common to the existing underground compressed gas energy storage:
(1) The gas storage chambers are mostly built on the basis of salt caverns, abandoned mines, rock caverns and the like, the construction cost is high, the requirement on the geology is high, and the development of the underground compressed gas energy storage technology is limited.
(2) Although the limitation of geological conditions can be solved to a certain extent by using the underground aquifer as a gas storage chamber for storing compressed gas, the problems of pressure diffusion, aquifer cushion gas energy diffusion and the like still exist, and the long-time energy storage and release cycle requirements of the system are difficult to meet.
Therefore, how to provide an underground compressed gas energy storage method with strong formation adaptability and high system energy storage efficiency is a difficult problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Based on the problems, the invention provides a method for storing energy by utilizing compressed gas in a deep aquifer, which improves the stratum adaptability and the system energy storage efficiency.
(II) technical scheme
Based on the technical problem, the invention provides a method for storing energy by compressed gas by utilizing a deep aquifer, which comprises the following steps:
s1, geological drilling is carried out on a target stratum, rock stratum distribution of a deep stratum is ascertained, and permeability of each stratum is measured;
s2, checking the sealing performance of an upper cover layer and the system connectivity of a target aquifer through a compression/air compression test;
s3, selecting a drilling pipeline capable of bearing high-temperature and high-pressure gas, completing the well, arranging a well-plugging gas-isolating plug capable of resisting high-pressure gas leakage, and well head, well middle and bottom pressure temperature sensors, and performing target aquifer well bore perforation;
s4, arranging a ground compressed gas energy storage power station near the working well, and carrying out extreme value measurement on the injection rates of the buffer gas and the working gas;
s5, injecting buffer gas into the target aquifer to form cushion gas, wherein the space surrounded by the cushion gas is a gas storage space;
s6, circularly injecting and extracting working gas into the gas storage space to store and release energy, and monitoring the temperature and pressure changes of the shaft and the gas storage space in real time;
and S7, judging whether the gas output and the gas output pressure of the shaft outlet can meet the energy release efficiency and the generated energy, if so, continuing to step S6, and if not, entering step S5.
Further, the rock formation distribution in step S1 satisfies the following requirements: the thickness of the target aquifer is more than 15m, the burial depth is more than 400m, an overlying layer and an underlying stratum below the overlying layer have water impermeability, and the inclination angles of the overlying layer and the target aquifer are smaller than 10 degrees.
Further, the permeability of each stratum in step S1 is: the target aquifer has a permeability of between 0.01 and 10 darcies, a porosity of above 0.1, and a permeability of the overburden and the underburden that is less than 0.001 times the permeability of the target aquifer.
Furthermore, the drilling pipeline and the shaft in the step S3 are made of high-strength alloy which can resist the action of converting circulating high temperature and high pressure into circulating gas pressure with low temperature and low pressure, and have a heat insulation effect.
Further, the ground compressed gas energy storage power station in the step S4 comprises a first gas turbine, a second gas turbine, a first gas compressor, a second gas compressor, a compression system controller, a power generation system controller, an interstage cooler, a post-stage cooler, a heat exchanger, a reheater, an air inlet throttle valve, an air outlet throttle valve and a motor/generator; the motor is connected with the compression controller, the generator is connected with the power generation controller, the compression controller is electrically connected with the gas compressor I and the gas compressor II, the gas compressor I, the interstage cooler, the gas compressor II, the stage postcooler and the air inlet throttle valve are sequentially connected through pipelines, and the air outlet throttle valve, the heat exchanger, the gas turbine I, the reheater, the gas turbine II and the heat exchanger are sequentially connected through pipelines.
Further, the injection amount, the injection rate, and the total injection time of the buffer gas in step S5 are related to the energy storage scale, and the total injection amount of the buffer gas should be more than 3 times of the total injection amount of the working gas.
Further, the step S6 of storing and releasing energy by injecting and extracting the working gas is a daily cycle operation mode, which takes 24 hours as a period and is divided into 4 stages, which are respectively: the method comprises an injection energy storage stage, a first injection stopping stage, an extraction energy release stage and a second injection stopping stage, wherein the steps are as follows:
s6.1, injecting energy storage stage: opening an air inlet throttle valve, closing an air outlet throttle valve, and injecting compressed high-temperature and high-pressure gas into a target aquifer by using a gas compressor by utilizing surplus electric power or renewable energy of a power grid;
s6.2, a first injection stopping stage: closing the air inlet throttle valve, closing the air outlet throttle valve, and storing the working gas in the gas storage space of the target aquifer;
s6.3, extracting and releasing energy: in the peak period of power utilization, the gas outlet throttle valve is opened, and the extracted working gas passes through the gas turbine and the heating system to release energy and generate electric energy to be input into the power;
s6.4, a second stop stage: and closing the air outlet throttle valve until the power grid has surplus power or renewable energy.
Further, the buffer gas is air, carbon dioxide or nitrogen, and the working gas is air.
(III) advantageous effects
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
(1) Before the gas compression energy is stored, the geological conditions are guaranteed to meet the long-term stable operation requirement of the system through sufficient geological investigation;
(2) According to the invention, by adopting a method that the buffer gas is injected earlier than the working gas, the formed cushion gas can effectively prevent water from invading and maintain a certain pressure and volume of the gas storage space, so that the tightness and stability of the gas storage space are enhanced, gas leakage is reduced, and the energy storage efficiency of the system is improved;
(3) The gas storage space of the invention is positioned in the aquifer, and the aquifer has wide spatial distribution, so the site selection applicability of the gas storage space is strong, and compared with the methods of battery energy storage, water pumping energy storage and the like, the gas energy storage cost adopted by the invention is lower.
Drawings
The features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way, and in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a method of the present invention for storing energy from compressed gas using a deep aquifer;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a ground compressed gas energy storage power plant in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1: a first gas compressor; 2: a second gas compressor; 3: a first gas turbine; 4: a second gas turbine; 5: a compression system controller; 6: a power generation system controller; 7: an interstage cooler; 8: an after-stage cooler; 9: a heat exchanger; 10: a reheater; 11: an intake throttle valve; 12: an air outlet throttle valve; 13: a subterranean formation; 14: an upper cladding layer; 15: a target aquifer; 16: an underburden; 17: a wellbore; 18: a gas storage space; 19: and (5) cushion gas.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention discloses a method for storing energy by compressed gas by utilizing a deep aquifer, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
s1, geological drilling is carried out on a target stratum, rock stratum distribution of a deep stratum is ascertained, and permeability of each stratum is measured;
the stratum distribution of the stratum comprises a underground stratum 13, an overburden layer 14, a target aquifer 15 and an underburden layer 16 from the surface to the inside, the thickness of the target aquifer 15 is more than 15m, the burial depth is more than 400m, the overburden layer 14 above and the underburden layer 16 below the overburden layer 14 and the target aquifer 15 are required to have water impermeability, the inclination angle of the overburden layer 14 and the target aquifer 15 is less than 10 degrees, and the anticline stratum and the fissure-free stratum are more suitable.
The target aquifer 15 has a permeability between 0.01 and 10 darcies, a porosity above 0.1, and a permeability of the overburden 14 and the underburden 16 less than 0.001 times the permeability of the target aquifer 15.
S2, checking the sealing performance of the upper cover layer 14 and the system connectivity of the target aquifer 15 through a compression/compression test; the overburden 14 includes mudstone, shale, tight limestone and the like, and the overburden 14 has extremely low permeability and porosity and high breakthrough pressure.
S3, selecting a drilling pipeline capable of bearing high-temperature and high-pressure gas, completing the well, arranging a well-plugging gas-isolating plug capable of resisting high-pressure gas leakage, and well head, well middle and bottom pressure temperature sensors, and performing perforation of a target aquifer 15 shaft; the drilling pipe and the shaft 17 are made of high-strength alloy capable of resisting the pressure from the multi-year circulation high-temperature high-pressure to the low-temperature low-pressure circulation gas, and have good heat insulation performance to prevent heat/energy loss.
S4, arranging a ground compressed gas energy storage power station near the working well, and carrying out extreme value measurement on the injection rates of the buffer gas and the working gas; the ground compressed gas energy storage power station is the aboveground part of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 and comprises a gas turbine I3, a gas turbine II 4, a gas compressor I1, a gas compressor II 2, a compression system controller 5, a power generation system controller 6, an inter-stage cooler 7, an after-stage cooler 8, a heat exchanger 9, a reheater 10, an air inlet throttle valve 11, an air outlet throttle valve 12 and a motor/generator; the motor is connected with the compression controller 5, the generator is connected with the power generation system controller 6, the compression controller 5 is electrically connected with the gas compressor I1 and the gas compressor II 2, the gas compressor I1, the interstage cooler 7, the gas compressor II 2, the after-stage cooler 8 and the air inlet throttle valve 11 are sequentially connected through pipelines, and the air outlet throttle valve 12, the heat exchanger 9, the gas turbine I3, the reheater 10, the gas turbine II 4 and the heat exchanger 9 are sequentially connected through pipelines.
S5, injecting buffer gas into the target aquifer 15 to form cushion gas; the injection amount, the injection rate and the total injection time of the buffer gas are related to the scale of the energy storage, and the injection total amount of the buffer gas is more than 3 times of the injection total amount of the working gas.
In the underground portion of the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the target aquifer 15 under the upper covering layer 14 is filled with a buffer gas, such as compressed air, carbon dioxide or nitrogen, to expel water from the target aquifer 15 to form a water-impermeable air bag, i.e., cushion gas 19, and a volume of air storage space 18 surrounded by the cushion gas 19; the air storage space 18 is used for storing working gas, and the working gas is compressed air.
S6, circularly injecting and extracting working gas into the gas storage space 18 for energy storage and release, and monitoring the temperature and pressure changes of the shaft 17 and the gas storage space 18 in real time;
the energy storage and release are in a daily cycle operation mode, 24 hours are taken as a period, the operation is divided into 4 stages, the 4 stages are respectively an energy injection stage, a first stop injection stage and an energy extraction and release stage, and the second stop injection stage sequentially comprises the following steps:
s6.1, daily cycle operation energy storage: opening an air inlet throttle valve 11, closing an air outlet throttle valve 12, utilizing surplus electric power or renewable energy of a power grid to compress high-temperature and high-pressure compressed air into a target aquifer 15 through an injection well by using an air compressor;
s6.2, closing the air inlet throttle valve 11, closing the air outlet throttle valve 12, and storing the working gas in the gas storage space 18 of the target aquifer 15;
s6.3, daily cycle operation energy release: in the peak period of electricity utilization, the gas outlet throttle valve 12 is opened, and the extracted working gas passes through a gas turbine and a heating system to release energy and generate electric energy to be input into the power;
s6.4, closing the air outlet throttle valve 12, and entering step S6.1 after surplus electric power or renewable energy sources exist in the power grid.
With reference to the embodiment shown in fig. 2, in the energy storage process, the electric motor is driven by the surplus electric energy of the power grid or the electric power of renewable energy sources (such as wind power, hydropower, photovoltaic power generation, etc.), the gas compressor 1 coaxially connected with the electric motor is operated by the compression system controller 5, the gas under the environmental pressure is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is cooled by the interstage cooler 7 and enters the gas compressor 2 for further compression, the further compressed high-temperature and high-pressure compressed air enters the interstage aftercooler 8 for cooling, and the cooled compressed air enters the shaft 17 through the air inlet throttle valve 11 and is stored in the air storage space 18 of the target aquifer 15;
in the energy releasing process, compressed air released by the air storage space 18 enters the heat exchanger 9 through the air outlet throttle valve 12 for heating, then enters the gas turbine I3 for acting to generate power, the compressed air after acting enters the reheater 10 for reheating, then enters the gas turbine II 4 for acting to generate power, waste gas waste heat returns to the heat exchanger 9 again to continue to heat working gas, and the gas turbine I3 and the gas turbine II 4 are coaxially connected with the generator through the power generation system controller 6 to drive the generator to generate power.
And S7, judging whether the gas output and the gas output pressure of the outlet of the shaft 17 can meet the energy release efficiency and the generated energy, if so, continuing to step S6, and if not, entering step S5.
As can be seen from the above, the method for storing energy by compressed gas using a deep aquifer has the following advantages:
(1) Before the gas compression energy is stored, the geological conditions are guaranteed to meet the long-term stable operation requirement of the system through sufficient geological investigation;
(2) According to the invention, by adopting a method that the buffer gas is injected earlier than the working gas, the formed cushion gas can effectively prevent water from invading and maintain a certain pressure and volume of the gas storage space, so that the tightness and stability of the gas storage space are enhanced, gas leakage is reduced, and the energy storage efficiency of the system is improved;
(3) The gas storage space is positioned in the aquifer, the aquifer is widely distributed, the site selection applicability of the gas storage space is strong, and compared with methods such as battery energy storage and pumped storage, the gas energy storage cost adopted by the invention is lower;
(4) The drilling pipeline and the shaft adopted by the invention are high-strength alloy which can resist the effect of converting high temperature and high pressure of multi-year circulation to low temperature and low pressure circulating gas pressure, and have better heat insulation effect, thereby reducing the loss of heat/energy and ensuring the long-time use of the system;
(5) In the ground compressed gas energy storage power station, the heat exchanger, the gas turbine I, the reheater, the gas turbine II and the heat exchanger are sequentially connected through pipelines, so that gas circulation power generation is realized, and the energy utilization rate is improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for storing energy by compressed gas by utilizing a deep aquifer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, geological drilling is carried out on a target stratum, rock stratum distribution of a deep stratum is ascertained, and permeability of each stratum is measured;
s2, checking the sealing performance of an upper cover layer and the system connectivity of a target aquifer through a compression/air compression test;
s3, selecting a drilling pipeline capable of bearing high-temperature and high-pressure gas, completing the well, arranging a well-plugging gas-isolating plug capable of resisting high-pressure gas leakage, and well head, well middle and bottom pressure temperature sensors, and performing target aquifer well bore perforation;
s4, arranging a ground compressed gas energy storage power station near the working well, and carrying out extreme value measurement on the injection rates of the buffer gas and the working gas;
s5, injecting buffer gas into the target aquifer to form cushion gas, wherein the space surrounded by the cushion gas is a gas storage space;
s6, circularly injecting and extracting working gas into the gas storage space to store and release energy, and monitoring the temperature and pressure changes of the shaft and the gas storage space in real time;
and S7, judging whether the gas output and the gas output pressure of the shaft outlet can meet the energy release efficiency and the generated energy, if so, continuing to step S6, and if not, entering step S5.
2. The method for storing energy of compressed gas by utilizing deep aquifers according to claim 1, wherein the rock stratum distribution in the step S1 meets the following requirements: the thickness of the target aquifer is more than 15m, the burial depth is more than 400m, an overlying layer and an underlying stratum below the overlying layer have water impermeability, and the inclination angles of the overlying layer and the target aquifer are smaller than 10 degrees.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the permeability of each stratum in step S1 is: the target aquifer has a permeability of between 0.01 and 10 darcies, a porosity of above 0.1, and a permeability of the overburden and the underburden that is less than 0.001 times the permeability of the target aquifer.
4. The method for storing energy of compressed gas by utilizing deep aquifers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drilling pipeline and the shaft in the step S3 are high-strength alloy which can resist the pressure effect of circulating high-temperature high-pressure to low-temperature low-pressure circulating gas and have the heat insulation effect.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the ground compressed gas energy storage power plant of step S4 comprises a first gas turbine, a second gas turbine, a first gas compressor, a second gas compressor, a compression system controller, a power generation system controller, an interstage cooler, a post-stage cooler, a heat exchanger, a reheater, an inlet throttle, an outlet throttle, and a motor/generator; the motor is connected with the compression controller, the generator is connected with the power generation controller, the compression controller is electrically connected with the gas compressor I and the gas compressor II, the gas compressor I, the interstage cooler, the gas compressor II, the stage postcooler and the air inlet throttle valve are sequentially connected through pipelines, and the air outlet throttle valve, the heat exchanger, the gas turbine I, the reheater, the gas turbine II and the heat exchanger are sequentially connected through pipelines.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the injection amount, the injection rate and the total injection time of the buffer gas in step S5 are related to the scale of energy storage, and the total injection amount of the buffer gas is more than 3 times of the total injection amount of the working gas.
7. The method for storing energy of compressed gas by utilizing deep aquifers, according to claim 1, characterized in that the injecting and extracting of the working gas for storing and releasing energy in the step S6 is a daily cycle operation mode, and the operation mode is divided into 4 stages by taking 24 hours as a period, and the operation modes are respectively as follows: the method comprises an energy storage injection stage, a first stop injection stage and an energy extraction and release stage, wherein the second stop injection stage comprises the following steps:
s6.1, injecting energy storage stage: opening an air inlet throttle valve, closing an air outlet throttle valve, and injecting compressed high-temperature and high-pressure gas into a target aquifer by using a gas compressor by utilizing surplus electric power or renewable energy of a power grid;
s6.2, a first injection stopping stage: closing the air inlet throttle valve, closing the air outlet throttle valve, and storing the working gas in the gas storage space of the target aquifer;
s6.3, extracting and releasing energy: in the peak period of power utilization, the gas outlet throttle valve is opened, and the extracted working gas passes through the gas turbine and the heating system to release energy and generate electric energy to be input into the power;
s6.4, a second stop stage: and closing the air outlet throttle valve until the power grid has surplus power or renewable energy.
8. The method of claim 1, 6 or 7, wherein the buffer gas is air, carbon dioxide or nitrogen, and the working gas is air.
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