CN111218537A - Method for improving hot rolling quality of electromagnetic stirring plate blank - Google Patents
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- CN111218537A CN111218537A CN201811408732.9A CN201811408732A CN111218537A CN 111218537 A CN111218537 A CN 111218537A CN 201811408732 A CN201811408732 A CN 201811408732A CN 111218537 A CN111218537 A CN 111218537A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/36—Processes yielding slags of special composition
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
- B22D11/114—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means
- B22D11/115—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means by using magnetic fields
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/18—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/068—Decarburising
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving the hot rolling quality of an electromagnetic stirring plate blank, which comprises the following steps: (1) calculating the mass of the existing alumina in the steel slag and recording as m [ Al ]2O3]1(ii) a According to the free oxygen content m [ O ] of the steel ladle after decarburization in the refining process]The mass m [ Al ] of the alumina that would be produced is calculated2O3]2＝m[O]X 102/48; (2) controlling CaO and Al after refining treatment2O3The weight ratio of (A) to (B) is 1.1-1.2; calculating Al after the refining treatment based on the weight ratio and CaO weight2O3Need ofTo a total weight m [ Al ]2O3](ii) a (3) Calculating Al to be added when tapping of the converter is finished2O3Total weight m [ Al ]2O3]3：m[Al2O3]3＝m[Al2O3]‑m[Al2O3]1‑m[Al2O3]2. Under the condition of preferentially ensuring the purity of the molten steel, the invention provides a specific control scheme measure aiming at the main technical characteristics of the purity of the molten steel, and controls the impurities in the steel on the source in the steelmaking process from the aspects of converter and refining. On the basis, the purity of the molten steel is improved by optimizing the use mode of continuous casting electromagnetic stirring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of improvement of products in a steelmaking technology, particularly relates to a method for improving the quality of a continuous casting slab, and particularly relates to a method for improving the hot rolling quality of an electromagnetic stirring slab.
Background
In the current state of the art, the patent application can retrieve a large number of patents on electromagnetic stirring devices, cooling, windings, that is to say, there are a large number of patents that describe how electromagnetic stirring can be achieved. However, in the casting process of a certain electromagnetic stirring device on a fixed crystallizer and corresponding refined molten steel, the solution is rarely given out from the current patents, which is more suitable for the setting position of the liquid level of the crystallizer, namely the range of applying the electromagnetic stirring magnetic field intensity to the crystallizer, especially the upper end of the crystallizer. For example, patent publication No. CN104690242, a dynamic control method for electromagnetic stirring position at the solidification end of continuous casting of steel, which adopts a bidirectional linked list composed of continuous casting tracking units to establish a dynamic tracking model of continuous casting, collects continuous casting process parameters in real time, and calculates the solidification information of the continuous casting. And calculating the displacement required by the electromagnetic stirrer at the solidification end in real time by comparing the current electromagnetic stirring position with the optimal electromagnetic stirring position. The technology is theoretically discussed on a casting machine, and a solution to the problem is not provided from the feedback of the quality result of the next process. Patent publication No. CN102554172, a dynamic control method for a slab continuous casting electromagnetic stirrer, which is characterized in that: continuously collecting steel types, casting blank section sizes, molten steel temperatures and throwing speeds produced in site continuous casting through a continuous casting primary computer control system, and transmitting various collected real-time data to a continuous casting secondary computer; (2) and continuously processing the received various measured data by the continuous casting secondary computer, and calculating the thickness of the solidified shell at the position corresponding to the electromagnetic stirring. The method is improved on the shell of the blank by the electromagnetic stirring process, and the result is only improved on the shell of the blank but not improved on the quality of the post-processing.
In the continuous casting production process, work for improving the purity in molten steel is required. At present, the commonly used method is electromagnetic stirring, but the electromagnetic stirring has two aspects: 1. the floating efficiency of the inclusion is improved. And 2, washing the blank shell to reduce slag inclusion at the solidification front. However, since the emulsification of the mold flux is increased during the rolling of the liquid surface, the entrainment of the mold flux occurs, and the entrainment defect of the mold flux occurs. Particularly, the magnetic field has the characteristics that the middle is strong, the two end parts are weak, molten steel floats upwards after nonmetallic inclusions are enlarged, and the inclusion of protective slag is avoided, so that the scheme needs to be refined and improved.
Before the continuous casting electromagnetic stirring is used, the technical precondition for ensuring the purity of the molten steel is required.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the method and the device give specific control scheme measures aiming at the main technical characteristics of the molten steel purity under the condition of preferentially ensuring the molten steel purity, and give the optimal parameter path of the electromagnetic stirring process by utilizing the trend of big data after the specific scheme.
From the converter and refining, the inclusions in the steel are controlled at the source in the steel-making process. On the basis, the purity of the molten steel is improved by optimizing the use mode of continuous casting electromagnetic stirring.
In order to explain the technical scheme, it is necessary to briefly review and understand the processes of steel making, refining and continuous casting, and the main generation characteristics and process flow chart of inclusions (alumina type) in molten steel are shown in fig. 1. Converter steelmaking and refining treatment for temperature adjustment and alloying. Continuous casting to a steel plant is the last step to complete the transition from liquid to solid. During continuous casting, the molten steel is solidified in a mold.
As shown in fig. 1, in order to control alumina type inclusions in molten steel, in four steps, a converter, refining, a continuous casting tundish and a continuous casting Mold (MD) are used, and in these four steps, in order to sufficiently improve the stirring effect in the mold in the fourth step, precise control is required in the previous two steps.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, some of the alumina is produced endogenously and some are produced exogenously during the steel-making process. In the steel-making process, firstly, the converter smelting process is carried out, and after the converter smelting is finished, high-alkalinity slag is in the converter. The slag generally contains CaO in an amount of 45% and Al2O3At 2%. After the converter smelting is finished, the slag can be carried out to a large ladle by molten steel. In the subsequent treatment process of the molten steel, Al is required to be produced after final deoxidation2O3。
Therefore, the core question is how to guarantee the Al produced2O3Fully float and reduce Al2O3Deposition in molten steel. According to CaO-Al2O3The research of the invention finds that CaO/Al is mixed with2O3The weight ratio of the CaO to the Al is controlled to be between 1.1 and 1.2, which is most suitable for ensuring that the CaO and the Al are mixed2O3A product with a low melting point is generated. How to ensure CaO/Al2O3The weight ratio of (A) is a matter to be considered from the converter. Also prior to continuous casting, it is a prerequisite to obtain high quality molten steel.
The invention provides a method for improving the hot rolling quality of an electromagnetic stirring plate blank, which comprises the following steps:
(1) calculating the mass of the existing alumina in the steel slag and recording as m [ Al ]2O3]1(ii) a According to the free oxygen content m [ O ] of the steel ladle after decarburization in the refining process]The mass m [ Al ] of the alumina that would be produced is calculated2O3]2＝m[O]×102/48；
(2) Controlling CaO and Al after refining treatment2O3The weight ratio of (A) to (B) is 1.1-1.2; calculating refining according to the weight ratio range and CaO weightAl after completion of the treatment2O3To a total weight m [ Al ] of2O3]；
(3) Calculating Al to be added when tapping of the converter is finished2O3Total weight m [ Al ]2O3]3： m[Al2O3]3＝m[Al2O3]-m[Al2O3]1-m[Al2O3]2。
In particular, the present invention relates to a method for producing,
in the converter process, the smelting is completed, and the temperature of molten iron is raised to the level of molten steel, but the oxidizing property in the molten steel and the converter slag are inevitably generated during the tapping. According to the condition research in the general production process, the slag amount of the converter is about 1100-1900Kg, in order to assist the alumina produced by the less-process to generate the low-melting-point compound, the invention adds the high-purity alumina after the tapping of the converter is finished, and the added converter slag CaO/Al is produced2O3The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 1.1-1.2.
In the refining step, oxygen in the molten steel is removed, and usually, a part of the oxygen is removed by the carbon blowing out of the molten steel, about 25% of the carbon blowing out is used for deoxidizing the refractory and auxiliary materials of the molten steel, and the remaining 75% is decarburized with the free oxygen in the molten steel, and the decarburizing reaction formula is as follows (1),
C+O＝CO (1)
the free oxygen content consumed for decarburization is 75% by 16/12, and the free oxygen content after decarburization is the total stopped free oxygen content — the free oxygen content consumed for decarburization.
The reason why alumina is generated in the step (1) is that free oxygen in molten steel needs to be removed by adding additional metallic aluminum, and the mass m [ Al ] of alumina to be generated is calculated according to the reaction formula (2)2O3]1＝m[O]×102/48；
4Al+3O2＝2Al2O3(2)
Ensure CaO/Al2O3After the weight ratio is increased, the purity of the molten steel can be ensured, but the molten steel is clamped in the molten steelImpurities can not be completely absorbed by the ladle top slag, but a plurality of impurities enter molten steel, such as a ladle wall, a tundish covering agent, tundish coating erosion melting loss and the like, so that the process can be optimized and improved from the angle of electromagnetic stirring of the continuous casting crystallizer.
After the slag is improved by the method, the capability of large-ladle top slag for adsorbing impurities in molten steel can be ensured, and after the impurities in the molten steel are reduced to a certain extent, the impurities in the molten steel flowing into the crystallizer are fully stirred again and float upwards by utilizing MD and assisting a proper electromagnetic stirring process.
In order to prevent molten steel from being oxidized and the temperature drop is too large, the casting powder is required to be added for heat insulation. However, the mold flux is captured by the solidified shell on the surface of the molten steel by the electromagnetic stirring. Different casting machines and different electromagnetic stirring devices need to be optimized after a period of production. Because most of the magnetic fields are electromagnetic group windings with a plurality of pairs of poles, the magnetic fields are alternately generated under the action of alternating current, so that the acting force acting on the liquid level pushes the liquid level to rotate, and the stirring effect is achieved. However, since the magnetic lines of force need to be closed, the electromagnetic field is weakest at the two ends of the winding and strongest at the middle of the winding. Therefore, in the process of producing cast steel by the crystallizer, how to set the liquid level and reasonably utilize the magnetic field intensity according to the height of the liquid level can achieve the quality problems of finishing the stirring of inclusions and avoiding the post-process caused by the excessive stirring of the liquid level, in particular to the problem of the entrainment of casting powder.
Therefore, the method for improving the hot rolling quality of the electromagnetic stirring slab further comprises the following steps:
(4-1) determining the distribution of the actual liquid level according to the set value of the liquid level height in the large-scale production process of a certain casting machine;
(4-2) dividing the liquid level into 4-8 grades according to the height of the liquid level, and merging the grades with the corresponding slabs; testing the defect rate of hot rolling slag inclusion under the secondary liquid level heights of different grades;
(4-3) determining an optimal liquid level height range according to the defect rate of the hot rolling slag inclusion;
and (4-4) setting the liquid level range of the crystallizer according to the optimal liquid level range in the slab casting process of the casting machine.
Preferably, in the step (4-2), the liquid level is divided into 6 grades according to the height of the liquid level, wherein 0-70mm is 1 grade, 70-80mm is 2 grade, 80-90mm is 3 grade, 90-100 is 4 grade, 100-110 is 5 grade, and 110mm or more is 6 grade.
Preferably, the liquid level of the crystallizer set in the last step (4-4) is in the range of-20 mm which is the optimal liquid level.
Advantageous effects
The invention is assisted by the scheme of improving the hot rolling quality of the electromagnetic stirring slab on the basis of ensuring that the molten steel supplied in the previous process is ensured to a certain extent, and can be widely used in the process of steel production, reduce the quality defects of casting blanks and improve the quality of slabs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing the main generation characteristics and processes of inclusions (alumina type) in molten steel;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the actual liquid level height at step (4-1) in the embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a defect rate distribution diagram of the hot-rolled slag inclusion in step (4-2) in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
For a batch of 300-ton steel ladles, the blowing stopping information of the converter is as follows: blowing-out free oxygen 691ppm and blowing-out carbon 400ppm, wherein the composition of the blowing-out stopping slag of the converter is as follows according to the slag amount of the converter being 1500 kg:
TABLE 1 composition of the converter slag (wt%)
| CaO | Al2O3 | MgO | FeO | SiO2 | MnO | Impurities |
| 46.8 | 2.1 | 8.1 | 20.0 | 12.6 | 3.9 | Balance of |
Note: during the production process, the total content of analytical components is less than 100, and the analytical components mainly comprise uncontrollable components such as loss on ignition and dust.
In the refining step, oxygen in the molten steel is removed, a part of the oxygen is carried away by carbon cut off in the molten steel, about 25% (100ppm) of the carbon cut off is used for deoxidizing the refractory and auxiliary materials of the molten steel, and the remaining about 75% (300ppm) is decarburized with free oxygen in the molten steel, and the decarburizing reaction formula is as follows (1),
C+O＝CO (1)
when the weight of the free oxygen consumed for the decarburization is 300ppm × 16/12 is 400ppm, the content of the free oxygen after the decarburization is 691ppm to 400ppm which is 291ppm which is the total blowing-off free oxygen content-the content of the free oxygen consumed for the decarburization.
The weight of free oxygen in a 300 ton ladle was 291X 10-4×3×103kg＝87.3kg。
The method for improving the hot rolling quality of the electromagnetic stirring slab comprises the following steps:
(1) calculating the mass of the existing alumina in the steel slag and recording as m [ Al ]2O3]12.1% x 1500 kg-31.5 kg; according to the free oxygen content m [ O ] of the steel ladle after decarburization in the refining process]The mass m [ Al ] of the alumina that would be produced is calculated2O3]2＝m[O]×102/48＝102/48×87.3kg＝185kg；
(2) From the contents of the respective components in table 1, the weight of CaO after completion of the refining treatment was calculated to be 46.8% × 1500kg — 702 kg; controlling CaO and Al after refining treatment2O3The weight ratio of (A) to (B) is 1.1-1.2; i.e. calculating Al after refining treatment2O3To a total weight m [ Al ] of2O3]＝585～638kg；
(3) Calculating Al to be added when tapping of the converter is finished2O3Total weight m [ Al ]2O3]3： m[Al2O3]3＝m[Al2O3]-m[Al2O3]1-m[Al2O3]2. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement the added Al2O3Total weight m [ Al ]2O3]3368.5-421.5 kg.
The above provides a good basis for the purity of molten steel in the smelting process.
Furthermore, the method for improving the hot rolling quality of the electromagnetic stirring slab further comprises the following steps:
(4-1) finding out a distribution diagram of the actual liquid level height according to the set value of the liquid level height in the mass production process of a certain casting machine, as shown in FIG. 2. There are two maximum values, the height difference between the two maximum values is about 20mm, the liquid level after the slag line is adjusted, namely, the liquid level is adjusted from low to high. The range of the action of the electromagnetic field is changed before and after the liquid level is adjusted, so that the electromagnetic stirring effect is changed.
(4-2) dividing the liquid level into 6 levels according to the liquid level height, and merging the levels with the corresponding slabs: 0-70mm is 1 grade, 70-80mm is 2 grade, 80-90mm is 3 grade, 90-100 is 4 grade, 100-110 is 5 grade, and more than 110mm is 6 grade.
The defect rate of the hot rolling slag inclusion is calculated in grades according to the actual height of the liquid level by utilizing the actual slab quality defect condition of the hot rolling process, and the result is shown in figure 3.
And (4-3) finding out the optimal liquid level height range according to the defect rate of the hot rolling slag inclusion. From FIG. 3, it can be seen that the liquid level height during the adjustment on the web has the lowest ratio of hot rolling blockages in the two grades 80-90mm and 90-100 mm.
And (4-4) setting the liquid level height range of the crystallizer according to the optimal liquid level range in the slab casting machine production process. At present, the 1930 electromagnetic stirring coil is 214mm in height, the electromagnetic field intensity is strongest in the middle, and the stirring force is the largest. The stirring action is mainly directed to fine inclusions in the molten steel, but if the molten steel is completely immersed in a range in which the electromagnetic field action is strongest, the stirring action causes a problem of large liquid level fluctuation caused by strong stirring. At present, the height of the liquid level is adjusted from low to high, generally from 75mm, and is adjusted to 20mm to 95mm, so that erosion and fracture of the submerged nozzle can be avoided. However, in the using process of the tundish, the first furnaces are generally used as main production furnaces, the liquid level is relatively low, and the electromagnetic stirring fluctuation is relatively large. The data statistics show that if the liquid level is 70-80mm, the hot rolling blockage is 2.45% -2.50%, and if the liquid level is 90-100mm, the hot rolling blockage is 2.17% -2.3%.
Therefore, through the above analysis and optimization, we set the liquid level at 70-80mm (e.g. 75mm) for pouring, and then add 20mm to 90-100mm (e.g. 95mm) for subsequent adjustment.
Claims (6)
1. A method for improving the hot rolling quality of an electromagnetic stirring slab is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) calculating the mass of the existing alumina in the steel slag and recording as m [ Al ]2O3]1(ii) a According to the free oxygen content m [ O ] of the steel ladle after decarburization in the refining process]The mass m [ Al ] of the alumina that would be produced is calculated2O3]2＝m[O]×102/48；
(2) Controlling CaO and Al after refining treatment2O3The weight ratio of (A) to (B) is 1.1-1.2; calculating Al after the refining treatment based on the weight ratio and CaO weight2O3Total weight m [ Al ] to be achieved2O3]；
(3) Calculating Al to be added when tapping of the converter is finished2O3Total weight m [ Al ]2O3]3：m[Al2O3]3＝m[Al2O3]-m[Al2O3]1-m[Al2O3]2。
2. The method for improving hot rolling quality of an electromagnetic slab mixer according to claim 1, wherein: the free oxygen content m [ O ] after decarburization is the total stop blowing free oxygen content-the free oxygen content consumed for decarburization.
3. The method for improving hot rolling quality of an electromagnetic slab mixer according to claim 2, wherein: the free oxygen content consumed in the decarburization is 75% by 16/12 of the carbon content in the stop blowing.
4. The method for improving the hot rolling quality of the electromagnetic stirring slab as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising the steps of:
(4-1) determining the distribution of the actual liquid level according to the set value of the liquid level height in the large-scale production process of a certain casting machine;
(4-2) dividing the liquid level into 4-8 grades according to the height of the liquid level, and merging the grades with the corresponding slabs; testing the defect rate of hot rolling slag inclusion under the secondary liquid level heights of different grades;
(4-3) determining an optimal liquid level height range according to the defect rate of the hot rolling slag inclusion;
and (4-4) setting the liquid level of the crystallizer according to the optimal liquid level range in the slab casting process of the casting machine.
5. The method for improving hot rolling quality of an electromagnetic slab mixer according to claim 4, wherein: in the step (4-2), the liquid level is divided into 6 grades according to the height of the liquid level, wherein 0-70mm is 1 grade, 70-80mm is 2 grade, 80-90mm is 3 grade, 90-100 is 4 grade, 100-110 is 5 grade, and more than 110mm is 6 grade.
6. The method for improving hot rolling quality of an electromagnetic slab mixer according to claim 4, wherein: and (4) setting the liquid level range of the crystallizer finally set in the step (4-4) to be the optimal liquid level height of-20 mm.
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| CN113862418A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2021-12-31 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | CSP production method of crack-resistant bridge steel |
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