CN111213474B

CN111213474B - Peanut fruit and root hair separation device and working method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111213474B
Application number: CN202010013261.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈中玉; 马方; 杨彦; 高连兴
Original assignee: Yancheng Institute of Industry Technology
Current assignee: Yancheng Institute of Industry Technology
Priority date: 2020-01-07
Filing date: 2020-01-07
Publication date: 2021-05-11
Anticipated expiration: 2040-01-07
Also published as: CN111213474A

Abstract

The invention discloses a peanut fruit and root hair separation device and a working method thereof, wherein the peanut fruit and root hair separation device comprises a peanut beating mechanism, a peanut carding mechanism and a storage bin; the peanut beating mechanism comprises a roll shaft, a stepping motor, a striking rod and a plurality of bearing rods, the stepping motor drives the roll shaft to rotate in a reciprocating mode, a limiting rod is arranged between a pair of side walls of the storage bin, and the buffer cushion contacts with the limiting rod along with the striking rod; the peanut carding mechanism comprises a support structure, a fixed bottom plate, a sliding plate, a cam, a pressing sheet and a fixed motor, wherein the fixed motor drives the pressing sheet to intermittently clean residual peanuts. The peanut separating machine has the advantages of automatic design, reduction of manual operation, high peanut separating efficiency, no omission and no damage to peanuts.

Description

Peanut fruit and root hair separation device and working method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural equipment, in particular to a peanut fruit and root hair separation device and a working method thereof.

Background

Peanuts are important grain crops in China, are distributed in a plurality of provinces in China, are important raw materials of edible oil, and simultaneously have the functions of reducing cholesterol of human bodies and reducing the incidence rate of cancers. As the agricultural technology level of China lags behind developed countries and economic and technical development of various regions is unbalanced, the tradition of manually harvesting peanuts is still kept in many regions. The harvested peanuts are often mixed with soil, branches and leaves, so that the peanuts are difficult to separate, and the production efficiency of peanut harvesting is reduced.

Also there has been some regional use mechanized equipment, chinese utility model patent publication No. CN206149855U provides a gravity separation type low-speed cylinder peanut harvester, its core technology does, including the frame and set up in the walking wheel of frame bottom, the frame front side is equipped with the digger blade that is arranged in excavating the earth peanut, the digger blade rear is equipped with netted cylinder, the axis of netted cylinder is the level and is connected with the frame through the bearing, the both ends of netted cylinder are feed inlet and discharge gate respectively, the end of digger blade stretches into the feed inlet, netted cylinder carries out the rotary motion of low-speed through the electric mechanism drive. This utility model discloses an excavating shovel shovels into netted cylinder with peanut and soil block, and the netted cylinder low-speed of electric mechanism drive is rotatory, and peanut and soil block move to fall from the eminence under the action of gravity behind the take the altitude, through relapseing falling many times, and the soil block is broken into pieces and is realized the hack separation, and partial hack can be followed and fallen out in the mesh hole of netted cylinder. The peanuts are separated by falling from a high place under the action of gravity after the peanuts and the soil blocks move to a certain height, so that the separation efficiency is low and complete separation is not easy to carry out; this equipment is in the cylinder, and the peanut after breaking away from often can mix the root palpus, needs secondary clearance to there is the peanut and the incomplete condition of root palpus separation, cause the waste, on the other hand, is mingled with straw and soil block in the peanut after the cleaning separation, cleans unclean.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems that peanuts are not completely separated from root hairs and the peanuts are doped with the root hairs in the prior art, and provides a peanut fruit and root hair separation device and a working method thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a peanut fruit and root hair separation device comprises a peanut beating mechanism, a peanut carding mechanism and a storage bin;

the peanut beating mechanism comprises a roll shaft, a stepping motor, an impact rod and a plurality of bearing rods, wherein the roll shaft is arranged at an opening of the storage bin, a roll shaft gear is arranged at the end part of the roll shaft, the stepping motor is arranged at the side part of the storage bin, a motor gear meshed with the roll shaft gear is arranged at the power output end of the stepping motor, and the stepping motor drives the roll shaft to rotate in a reciprocating manner; the two sides of the roll shaft are respectively provided with a striking rod, a plurality of bearing rods are distributed on the two sides of the striking rod, the bearing rods and the striking rod are positioned on the same axial line of the roll shaft, the striking rod and the bearing rods are perpendicular to the roll shaft, and the bottom of the striking rod is provided with a cushion pad; a limiting rod is arranged between a pair of side walls of the storage bin, and the cushion pad contacts with the limiting rod along with the impact rod;

the peanut carding mechanism comprises a support structure, a fixed bottom plate, a sliding plate, a cam, a pressing sheet and a fixed motor, wherein the support structure is installed on a storage bin, the fixed motor and the fixed bottom plate are located on the support structure, a sliding groove is formed in the fixed bottom plate, the sliding plate is arranged in the sliding groove of the fixed bottom plate and moves, the cam is installed on a power output end of the fixed motor, a linkage rod is arranged between the end of the sliding plate and the cam, two ends of the linkage rod are hinged to the sliding plate and the cam respectively, two hinged points are located on two sides of a rotating center of a cam driven by the fixed motor, the pressing sheet is of an arc structure with toughness, one end of the pressing sheet is fixed on one side of the sliding plate, a strip-shaped through hole is formed in the other side of the.

As a further preferable scheme, the impact rod and the plurality of bearing rods are provided with clamping mechanisms, each clamping mechanism comprises a lower clamping strip and an upper clamping strip, the lower clamping strip and the upper clamping strip are perpendicular to the impact rod, the lower clamping strip is provided with continuous notches along the length direction, the upper clamping strip is provided with continuous bulges along the length direction, and one bulge corresponds to one notch; one side of the lower clamping strip and one side of the upper clamping strip are hinged with each other, and a lock catch is arranged between the other side of the lower clamping strip and the other side of the upper clamping strip.

As a further preferable aspect, a fixing block is provided on each of the pair of side walls of the storage compartment, a through hole is provided in the fixing block, a movable rod is provided through the through hole, a flange portion is provided on an upper portion of the movable rod, a lower portion of the movable rod is connected to one end portion of the stopper rod, and a spring is provided between the flange portion and an upper surface of the fixing block.

As a further preferable scheme, a warm air pipe is arranged at the side part of the storage bin.

As a further preferred solution, the distance between two adjacent load-bearing bars is the same.

As a further preferable mode, the unidirectional rotation angle of the roller shaft ranges from 20 ° to 60 °.

As a further preferable scheme, the bottom in the storage bin is provided with a wave wheel driven by a motor, a plurality of mud discharge holes are distributed at the bottom of the storage bin, and a soil storage box is arranged below the bottom of the storage bin.

As a further preferable scheme, at least one impeller is arranged at the bottom in the storage bin.

As a further preferable scheme, a layer of screen mesh for isolating the broken root hairs is arranged at the position, close to the bottom, of the storage bin.

A working method of a peanut fruit and root hair separation device comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: the cut root of the main stem of the peanut is placed in the notch of the lower holding strip, then the upper holding strip is combined for fixing, and the root hairs are kept to be dispersed on a plurality of bearing rods;

step two: setting a rotation angle, a time interval and a rotation speed of a stepping motor, starting the stepping motor, driving a roller shaft to rotate in a reciprocating manner by the stepping motor, and enabling the impact rod to impact a limiting rod to generate vibration so as to enable peanuts on roots to fall to a storage bin below due to inertia;

step three: the cam rotates to pull the linkage rod to drive the sliding plate to move in the sliding chute of the fixed bottom plate, the cam gradually presses the pressing sheet, and the carding brush is inserted at the root hair of the peanut; the cam continuously rotates, the raised head of the cam slides on the pressing sheet, the carding brush is kept inserted at the root hair of the peanut, and the cam pushes the sliding plate through the linkage rod at the moment, so that the sliding plate moves back on the fixed bottom plate, and the carding action of the carding brush on the root hair of the peanut is realized; finally, the cam is separated from the pressing sheet, the pressing sheet rebounds and resets due to the toughness of the pressing sheet, and the combing brush is pulled out of the root hair of the peanut;

step four: the impeller of the bottom in the storage bin is opened, the stirring of the impeller enables the peanut particles to be extruded and rubbed, the soil on the peanut particles falls, and the dropped soil is discharged from the mud discharging hole.

According to the peanut fruit and root hair separation device, the roll shaft rotates in a reciprocating mode within an interval angle, the impact rod intermittently impacts the limiting rods on two sides to generate vibration, so that peanuts fall off from the root hairs and soil falls off from the peanuts, the peanuts can fall off and be collected from the bearing rods, the peanut carding mechanism is matched to continuously adjust the positions of the peanuts and then continue to impact, and the peanuts can be completely separated from the root hairs and cannot be missed; the peanut separating device is exquisite in structure, high in impact frequency, high in peanut separating efficiency and free of damage to peanuts, the two sides of the roller shaft can be impacted, screened roots can be reserved on the bearing rod and cannot be mixed with the peanuts, equipment cost is low, and the peanut separating device is suitable for industrial application.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the roller shaft;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the clamping mechanism;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a stop lever;

in the figure: 1. the device comprises a storage bin, 11, a fixed block, 12, a movable rod, 13, a flange portion, 14, a spring, 15, a warm air pipe, 16, a wave wheel, 17, a screen, 21, a roll shaft, 22, a roll shaft gear, 23, a stepping motor, 24, a motor gear, 25, a striking rod, 26, a bearing rod, 27, a limiting rod, 31, a support structure, 32, a fixed bottom plate, 33, a sliding plate, 34, a cam, 35, a pressing sheet, 36, a fixed motor, 37, a linkage rod, 38, a carding brush, 41, a lower clamping strip, 42, an upper clamping strip, 43, a notch, 44 and a protruding portion.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.

Example one

A peanut fruit and root hair separating device comprises a peanut beating mechanism, and the peanut beating mechanism comprises a roll shaft 21, a stepping motor 23, an impact rod 25 and a plurality of bearing rods 26, wherein the roll shaft 21 is installed in the middle of an opening of a storage bin 1, a roll shaft gear 22 is arranged at the end part of the roll shaft 21, the stepping motor 23 is installed on the side part of the storage bin 1, a motor gear 24 meshed with the roll shaft gear 22 is arranged at the power output end of the stepping motor 23, and the stepping motor 23 drives the roll shaft 21 to rotate in a reciprocating mode; two sides of the roll shaft 21 are respectively provided with an impact rod 25, the impact rods 25 are parallel to the roll shaft 21, a plurality of bearing rods 26 are distributed on two sides of the impact rods 25, the distance between every two adjacent bearing rods 26 is the same, the bearing rods 26 and the impact rods 25 are positioned on the same axial line of the roll shaft 21, and the impact rods 25 and the bearing rods 26 are perpendicular to the roll shaft 21; a limiting rod 27 is arranged between a pair of side walls of the storage bin 1, a cushion pad contacts with the limiting rod 27 along with the impact rod 25, and the bottom of the impact rod 25 is provided with the cushion pad, so that noise and hard damage between parts are avoided;

in this embodiment, cut the back with peanut stem, remain the root and place and fix in the dispersion on impact rod 25 and a plurality of bearing bar 26, set rotation angle with step motor 23, time interval and slew velocity, it can to guarantee that impact rod 25 can strike gag lever post 27, start step motor 23 and drive roller 21 reciprocating rotation, at every turn, impact rod 25 produces the vibration after striking gag lever post 27, can make the peanut on the root drop to the storage 1 of below because of inertia, treat after the certain time, the peanut is whole to drop and can stop step motor 23, take off the root must that does not have the peanut on a plurality of bearing bars 26, arrange the new root must that has the peanut again.

In this embodiment, also can set up turned angle at step motor 23, under the unchangeable condition of time interval and slew velocity, adjust the position of gag lever post 27 on collecting bin 1, adjust gag lever post 27 and roller 21's distance promptly, can change impact degree and frequency between impact rod 25 and the gag lever post 27, high striking dynamics, the vibration of production is bigger, it is better to separate the peanut effect, but equipment loss is bigger, striking frequency is bigger, it is faster to separate peanut speed, but striking dynamics is limited, discover according to practice, just follow the peanut root hair of collecting in the ground, the water content is higher, be applicable to high striking dynamics, and place the dry back, be applicable to high striking frequency, switch to use according to actual conditions.

Example two

A peanut fruit and root hair separation device comprises a peanut carding mechanism, wherein the peanut carding mechanism is used in cooperation with a peanut beating mechanism, when peanuts are not placed at good positions on a plurality of bearing rods 26 and are padded on the root hair, the peanuts are difficult to fall off due to inertia, or the peanuts are wrapped by the root hair after falling off and cannot fall off normally, the effect is achieved;

the peanut carding mechanism comprises a support structure 31, a fixed bottom plate 32, a sliding plate 33, a cam 34, a pressing plate 35 and a fixed motor 36, wherein the support structure 31 is arranged on the storage bin 1, the two side walls of the storage bin 1 are respectively provided with one, the fixed motor 36 and the fixed bottom plate 32 are positioned on the support structure 31, the fixed bottom plate 32 is provided with a sliding chute, the sliding plate 33 is arranged in the sliding chute of the fixed bottom plate 32 to move, the moving direction of the sliding plate 33 is vertical to the roller shaft 21, the cam 34 is arranged on the power output end of the fixed motor 36, a linkage rod 37 is arranged between the end part of the sliding plate 33 and the cam 34, two ends of the linkage rod 37 are respectively hinged to the sliding plate 33 and the cam 34, two hinged points are positioned on two sides of the rotating center of the fixed motor 36 driving cam 34 to form a crank link mechanism, the pressing plate, the other side of the sliding plate 33 is provided with a strip-shaped through hole, the other end of the pressing sheet 35 is provided with a lifting rod penetrating through the strip-shaped through hole, the lower end of the lifting rod is provided with a plurality of carding brushes 38, the carding brushes 38 are flexible linear steel wires, and the length of the carding brushes can be adjusted.

In the embodiment, the fixed motor 36 drives the cam 34 to rotate, because the fixed motor 36 is fixed, the cam 34 rotates, the traction linkage rod 37 drives the sliding plate 33 to move in the sliding groove of the fixed bottom plate 32, meanwhile, the cam 34 gradually presses the pressing sheet 35, so that the lifting rod descends through the strip-shaped through hole, and the carding brush 38 is inserted at the root hair of the peanut; the cam 34 continuously rotates, the raised head of the cam 34 slides on the pressing sheet 35, the combing brush 38 is kept inserted at the root of the peanut, and the cam 34 pushes the sliding plate 33 through the linkage rod 37 at the moment, so that the sliding plate 33 moves back on the fixed bottom plate 32, and the combing action of the combing brush 38 on the root of the peanut is realized; finally, the cam 34 is separated from the pressing sheet 35, the pressing sheet 35 rebounds and resets due to the toughness of the pressing sheet, the lifting rod goes upwards through the strip-shaped through hole, the carding brushes 38 are pulled out from the peanut root hair, the actions are repeated, the two carding brushes 38 on the device can be used for carding towards two sides, the position of the peanut on the root hair is reset, and the peanut falling is facilitated.

In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the left cam 34 rotates counterclockwise, and the right cam 34 rotates clockwise.

In the invention, the peanut leaves are partially cut off, the rootstocks and root hairs on the rootstocks are reserved, in order to improve the stability of fixing the rootstocks in actual operation, clamping mechanisms are arranged on the impact rod 25 and the bearing rods 26, the clamping mechanisms are positioned at the positions close to the roller shaft 21 and comprise a lower clamping strip 41 and an upper clamping strip 42 which are both vertical to the impact rod 25, a continuous notch 43 is arranged on the lower clamping strip 41 along the length direction, a continuous bulge 44 is arranged on the upper clamping strip 42 along the length direction, one bulge 44 corresponds to one notch 43, the combination of each notch 43 and each bulge 44 can clamp one rootstock, and the root hairs are laid on the impact rod 25 and the bearing rods 26;

one side of the lower holding strip 41 and one side of the upper holding strip 42 are hinged with each other, a lock catch is arranged between the other side of the lower holding strip 41 and the other side of the upper holding strip 42, when in use, the lock catch is opened, the rootstalk of each peanut is placed in the notch 43 of the lower holding strip 41, and then the upper holding strip 42 is closed to be locked.

According to the peanut harvester, the pair of side walls of the storage bin 1 are respectively provided with the fixed block 11, the fixed block 11 is provided with the through hole, the movable rod 12 penetrates through the through hole, the upper portion of the movable rod 12 is provided with the flange portion 13, the lower portion of the movable rod is connected to one end portion of the limiting rod 27, the spring 14 is arranged between the flange portion 13 and the upper surface of the fixed block 11, when the impact rod 25 impacts the limiting rod 27, certain buffering is achieved due to the existence of the spring 14, mechanical loss is avoided, inertia loss is small, and dropping of peanuts is not affected basically.

In order to make the soil on the peanuts fall off more conveniently, the side part of the storage bin 1 is provided with a warm air pipe 15, so that the peanuts in the storage bin 1 are dehumidified, and the soil is dried and falls off conveniently; the bottom is equipped with by motor drive's impeller 16 in the collecting storage 1, and the bottom of collecting storage 1 has a plurality of mud holes of having arranged, and the soil receiver has in the bottom below of collecting storage 1, and impeller 16's stirring makes extrusion and friction between the peanut granule, is favorable to dry earth to drop, and the earth that drops is discharged from the mud hole.

According to practice, the unidirectional rotation angle range of the roller shaft 21 is 20-60 degrees, the optimal angle range is 30 degrees, and the peanut falling rate on a single root and stem is the fastest in the angle range.

In order to avoid the root hairs falling off and being doped in the storage bin 1, a layer of screen 17 for isolating the broken root hairs is arranged at the position, close to the bottom, of the storage bin 1.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a peanut fruit and root must separator which characterized in that: comprises a peanut beating mechanism, a peanut carding mechanism and a storage bin (1);

the peanut beating mechanism comprises a roll shaft (21), a stepping motor (23), an impact rod (25) and a plurality of bearing rods (26), wherein the roll shaft (21) is installed at an opening of the storage bin (1), a roll shaft gear (22) is arranged at the end part of the roll shaft (21), the stepping motor (23) is installed at the side part of the storage bin (1), a motor gear (24) meshed with the roll shaft gear (22) is arranged at the power output end of the stepping motor (23), and the stepping motor (23) drives the roll shaft (21) to rotate in a reciprocating mode; the two sides of the roll shaft (21) are respectively provided with an impact rod (25), the bearing rods (26) are distributed on the two sides of the impact rod (25), the bearing rods (26) and the impact rod (25) are located on the same axial line of the roll shaft (21), the impact rod (25) and the bearing rod (26) are perpendicular to the roll shaft (21), and the bottom of the impact rod (25) is provided with a cushion pad; a limiting rod (27) is arranged between a pair of side walls of the storage bin (1), and the cushion pad contacts with the limiting rod (27) along with the impact rod (25);

the peanut carding mechanism comprises a support structure (31), a fixed bottom plate (32), a sliding plate (33), a cam (34), a pressing sheet (35) and a fixed motor (36), wherein the support structure (31) is installed on the storage bin (1), the fixed motor (36) and the fixed bottom plate (32) are located on the support structure (31), a sliding groove is formed in the fixed bottom plate (32), the sliding plate (33) is arranged in the sliding groove of the fixed bottom plate (32) to move, the cam (34) is installed at the power output end of the fixed motor (36), a linkage rod (37) is arranged between the end part of the sliding plate (33) and the cam (34), two ends of the linkage rod (37) are respectively hinged to the sliding plate (33) and the cam (34), two hinged points are located on two sides of the rotating center of the fixed motor (36) for driving the cam (34), and the pressing sheet (35) is of an arc-shaped structure, one end of the pressing sheet (35) is fixed on one side of the sliding plate (33), the other side of the sliding plate (33) is provided with a strip-shaped through hole, the other end of the pressing sheet (35) is provided with a lifting rod penetrating through the strip-shaped through hole, and the lower end of the lifting rod is provided with a plurality of carding brushes (38); the impact rod (25) and the bearing rods (26) are provided with clamping mechanisms, each clamping mechanism comprises a lower clamping strip (41) and an upper clamping strip (42), the lower clamping strip (41) and the upper clamping strip (42) are perpendicular to the impact rod (25), continuous notches (43) are formed in the lower clamping strip (41) along the length direction, continuous protruding parts (44) are formed in the upper clamping strip (42) along the length direction, and one protruding part (44) corresponds to one notch (43); one side of the lower clamping strip (41) and one side of the upper clamping strip (42) are hinged with each other, and a lock catch is arranged between the other side of the lower clamping strip (41) and the other side of the upper clamping strip (42); the storage bin is characterized in that a pair of side walls of the storage bin (1) are respectively provided with a fixing block (11), the fixing block (11) is provided with a through hole, a movable rod (12) penetrates through the through hole, the upper portion of the movable rod (12) is provided with a flange portion (13), the lower portion of the movable rod is connected to one end portion of a limiting rod (27), and a spring (14) is arranged between the flange portion (13) and the upper surface of the fixing block (11).

2. The device for separating peanut fruits from root hairs as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a warm air pipe (15) is arranged on the side part of the storage bin (1).

3. The device for separating peanut fruits from root hairs as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the distance between two adjacent bearing rods (26) is the same.

4. The device for separating peanut fruits from root hairs as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the unidirectional rotation angle range of the roll shaft (21) is 20-60 degrees.

5. The device for separating peanut fruits from root hairs as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the bottom is equipped with by motor drive's impeller (16) in collecting storage (1), and a plurality of mud holes of having arranged are on the bottom of collecting storage (1), and the bottom below of collecting storage (1) has soil receiver.

6. A peanut fruit and root hair separation device as in claim 5, wherein: at least one impeller (16) is arranged at the bottom in the storage bin (1).

7. A peanut fruit and root hair separation device as in claim 5, wherein: the storage bin (1) is provided with a layer of screen (17) used for isolating broken root hairs near the bottom.

8. The working method of the device for separating the peanut fruit from the root hair according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: the cut root of the main stem of the peanut is placed in a notch (43) of a lower holding strip (41), then an upper holding strip (42) is combined for fixing, and the root hairs are kept to be dispersed on a plurality of bearing rods (26);

step two: the peanut harvesting machine is characterized in that a stepping motor (23) is set to have a rotation angle, a time interval and a rotation speed and is started, the stepping motor (23) drives a roll shaft (21) to rotate in a reciprocating mode, and a striking rod (25) strikes a limiting rod (27) to generate vibration, so that peanuts on roots can fall off to a storage bin (1) below due to inertia;

step three: the cam (34) rotates to pull the linkage rod (37) to drive the sliding plate (33) to move in the sliding groove of the fixed bottom plate (32), the cam (34) gradually presses the pressing sheet (35), and the combing brush (38) is inserted at the root of the peanut; the cam (34) rotates continuously, the raised head of the cam (34) slides on the pressing sheet (35), the combing brush (38) is kept to be inserted at the root of the peanut, and the cam (34) pushes the sliding plate (33) through the linkage rod (37) at the moment, so that the sliding plate (33) moves back on the fixed bottom plate (32), and the combing action of the combing brush (38) on the root of the peanut is realized; finally, the cam (34) is separated from the pressing sheet (35), the pressing sheet (35) rebounds and resets due to the toughness of the pressing sheet, and the combing brush (38) is pulled out of the root of the peanut;

step four: the impeller (16) at the bottom in the storage bin (1) is opened, the stirring of the impeller (16) enables the peanut particles to be extruded and rubbed, soil on the peanut particles falls off, and the dropped soil is discharged from the mud discharging hole.