CN111209635A - Method for optimizing structure of regular pyramid unit composite array for collision energy absorption - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for optimizing a composite array structure of a regular pyramid unit for collision energy absorption. The sandwich structure is formed by closely arranging and connecting sandwich cell units in an array manner; constructing a similarity ratio, and establishing a shape and size formula of the sandwich structure, wherein the number of sides is the number of the sides of the bottom surfaces of the sandwich core cell units; the sandwich cell unit is a regular pyramid and is hollow; according to the preset number of edges, the preset thickness and the preset forward load, the minimum maximum stress of the composite array structure after being deformed by the forward load F is taken as an objective function, the similarity ratio is taken as an individual, the optimal similarity ratio is calculated by adopting a genetic algorithm, and the optimal sandwich structure is determined according to the optimal similarity ratio. The invention can realize a sandwich structure with high specific rigidity and strong anti-collision performance, realizes the absorption of collision energy, can be applied to the long-distance transportation process of large-scale instruments, and realizes the bumping safety protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a structure optimization method in the field of collision energy absorption, in particular to a regular pyramid unit composite array structure optimization method for collision energy absorption.
Background
The rapid development of the internet of things and global commerce makes the transfer between objects more frequent. It is important to ensure safe and long-distance transmission between objects.
Sandwich structures, generally consisting of two thin faces and a sandwich between them, are widely used in energy absorption applications. A number of documents have been published on sandwich structures such as conventional honeycomb foams. However, the honeycomb sandwich structure suffers from unnecessary moisture accumulation problems, resulting in deterioration of mechanical properties. In recent years, many forms of core structures have emerged, such as truss core panels and folded cores. With the emergence of new manufacturing methods, the folded core has more application prospects.
As an ancient art, origami has inspired engineering equipment and structure design for decades. Rigid paper folding is a branch of the paper folding discipline, which considers the folds as hinges and the material between the folds as rigid material, limiting the bending or deformation of the folds during folding. The cell structure obtained by folding paper can absorb impact and compression energy through deformation of the top of the cell structure. Due to the complex structure of non-periodically arranged somatic cells, most studies have focused on periodic arrangements.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the invention provides a method for optimizing a structure of a regular pyramid unit composite array for collision energy absorption. The invention establishes a design method of a regular pyramid sandwich structure, performs combined simulation optimization, combines the strong post-processing capability of finite element software and the capability of programming software to compile complex algorithms, and optimizes the designed regular pyramid sandwich structure.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the composite array structure comprises a sandwich structure and an upper panel, wherein the upper panel is positioned on the top surface of the sandwich structure, and the method comprises the following steps.
Step 1) according toTo meet the size and actual installation requirements of the vibration protection object, the materials of the sandwich structure to be designed are determined, and the height H and the length L are determinedenAnd width Wid；
Step 2) the sandwich structure is formed by closely arranging and connecting sandwich cell units in an array manner to form a cell array; constructing a similarity ratio w, and establishing a shape and size formula of the sandwich structure controlled by the similarity ratio w, the number of edges n and the thickness t, wherein the number of the edges is the number of the side lengths of the bottom surfaces of the cell units of the sandwich body; the sandwich body cell units are regular pyramids, the interior of each sandwich body cell unit is hollow, and the bottom surfaces of the regular pyramids of all the sandwich body cell units are arranged on the same plane in parallel and are used as the bottom surface of the composite array structure;
and 3) according to the preset number of edges, the preset thickness and the preset forward load bearing F, under the action of the forward load F, taking the minimum maximum stress of the composite array structure after being deformed by the forward load F as an objective function, taking the similarity ratio w as an individual, calculating the optimal similarity ratio by adopting a genetic algorithm, and determining the optimal sandwich structure according to the optimal similarity ratio, namely determining the shape and the size of the optimal sandwich structure.
In the step 2), the shape and size formula of the sandwich structure is specifically as follows:
wherein S is the edge length of the sandwich cell unit, L is the bottom surface side length of the sandwich cell unit, β is the angle of the apex angle of the regular pyramid of the sandwich cell unit, n is the number of the regular pyramids of the sandwich cell unit, H is the height of the sandwich cell unit, and w is the similarity ratio.
Given H, the somatic structure is governed by w, n and t, and S, L, β can all be determined from the above equation.
In the step 3), solving is carried out by using a genetic algorithm, specifically, a plurality of similarity ratios w are randomly generated, the similarity ratios w are used as individuals, a population is formed by a plurality of individuals, iterative solution processing is carried out by using the minimum maximum stress of the composite array structure after being deformed by a forward load F as an objective function, in the iterative solution processing process, APDL command flow in an ANSYS software tool is adopted for solving when the maximum stress of the objective function is calculated, material, load, shape and size parameters of the composite array structure are set in the APDL command flow, the parameters comprise the edge number n, the thickness t, the forward load F, the bottom side length L of the sandwich core cell unit and the height H of the sandwich core cell unit, wherein the edge length S of the sandwich core cell unit and the angle β of the right pyramid of the sandwich core cell unit are obtained by calculation and conversion of the similarity ratios w.
The positive load F is a compression load perpendicular to the upper panel.
In a specific implementation, the genetic algorithm is processed as follows:
4.1) setting parameters for solving the genetic algorithm. Such as the number of individuals, the number of genetic generations, the generation of channels, the probability of cross-overs and the probability of mutation. And determining the variable w to be optimized and the solving range thereof.
4.2) initializing the population.
4.3) when the maximum stress of the objective function is calculated, an APDL command stream in an ANSYS software tool is adopted for solving, and the APDL command stream is provided with the material, load, shape and size parameters of the composite array structure, including the edge number n, the thickness t, the forward load F, the bottom surface side length L of the sandwich body cell unit and the height H of the sandwich body cell unit, wherein the edge length S of the sandwich body cell unit and the angle β of the apex angle of the sandwich body cell unit regular pyramid are obtained by calculating and converting the similarity ratio w.
4.4) calculating the fitness value of the individual and evaluating the population by utilizing the stress value, and stopping iteration if an iteration termination principle is met. Otherwise, the process will switch to the next step.
4.5) selecting, crossing and evolving genetic algorithm to obtain new population, returning to 4.3)
And finally obtaining the optimal similarity ratio, and calculating by using the formula in the step 2 to obtain other sizes of the sandwich structure.
The invention designs the similarity ratio w as an optimization variable, performs mechanical analysis structure calculation through finite element software, and performs optimization by using a heuristic algorithm to obtain an accurate and effective sandwich structure and a composite array structure thereof.
In specific implementation, the method can be adopted to prepare the regular pyramid unit composite array structure, the regular pyramid unit composite array structure is arranged at each corner of the instrument packaging box, and three orthogonal plane surfaces of each corner are respectively attached with one regular pyramid unit composite array structure.
The design structure of the invention forms a sandwich structure through the periodic array of the somatic cells, and the top of the somatic cell deforms after the structure is impacted positively, thereby realizing the absorption of collision energy.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the damage of the regular pyramid structure is minimized when the pyramid structure is loaded, and meanwhile, as the designed structure is a thin-wall structure, the deformation of the sandwich can play a good damping role, and the damage of the load to the object to be protected is reduced.
2. The method provided by the invention can be applied to the express delivery industry, in particular to the distribution of large-scale precise instruments. During long-distance transportation of the instrument, the instrument may sway due to instability of the vehicle, such as the jolt of an aircraft, a bumpy road surface of a car, the wave of a cargo ship, and the like. By adding the structure into eight corners of the instrument packaging box, the impact force can be effectively reduced, and the damage to a precision instrument is reduced. In addition to the courier industry, proposed structures may also be used in the sports industry. Because of the high strength and low weight requirements of baseball players' clothing, the structures we refer to may also be used here.
Drawings
To further illustrate the description of the present invention, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings are merely exemplary and are not to be considered limiting of the scope of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a composite array structure according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a sandwich structure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a sandwich core cell unit.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of load application.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the mentioned method for optimizing the sandwich structure.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a comparison of the optimization results of the optimization method according to the embodiment.
Fig. 7 is a deformation diagram of the structure after the optimization of the embodiment in the impact process.
FIG. 8 is a graph of impact force obtained from the test of the examples.
In the figure: an upper panel 1 and a sandwich structure 2.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention comprises the following specific steps:
According to the size and the actual installation requirement of the object to be protected from vibration, the material of the sandwich structure required to be designed is PLA plastic, the height H is 10mm, and the length L is determineden60mm and width Wid＝60mm。
As shown in fig. 2, the sandwich structure 2 is formed by closely arranging and connecting sandwich cell units in an array to form a cell array; and constructing a similarity ratio w, and establishing a shape and size formula of the sandwich structure 2 controlled by the similarity ratio w, the number of edges n and the thickness t, wherein the number of the edges is the number of the edges of the bottom surfaces of the cell units of the sandwich body.
As shown in fig. 3, each sandwich core unit is a regular pyramid and has the same shape and size, the sandwich core unit is hollow, and the bottom surfaces of the regular pyramids of all the sandwich core unit are arranged on the same plane in parallel and serve as the bottom surface of the composite array structure.
And 3, under the action of the forward load F, taking the minimum maximum stress of the composite array structure after being deformed by the forward load F as a target function, taking the similarity ratio w as an individual, calculating the optimal similarity ratio by adopting a genetic algorithm, and determining the optimal sandwich structure 2 according to the optimal similarity ratio, namely determining the shape and the size of the optimal sandwich structure 2.
And (5) solving by using a genetic algorithm. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure optimization method of this embodiment.
4.1) setting parameters for solving the genetic algorithm. The number of individuals is 30, the number of genetic generations is 200, the gully is 0.9, the cross probability is 0.5, and the mutation probability is 0.001. And determining the variables to be optimized as the similarity ratio w and the solving range thereof [1/2,5/6 ].
4.2) initializing the population.
4.3) when the objective function, namely the stress value needs to be calculated, an APDL command stream in ANSYS is called.
4.4) dividing the maximum equivalent stress value M by-109And (5) carrying out normalization to be used as fitness values of individuals to evaluate the population, and stopping after 200 iterations. Otherwise, the process will switch to the next step.
4.5) selecting, crossing and evolving genetic algorithm to obtain new population, returning to 4.3)
And finally obtaining the optimal similarity ratio w which is 0.8104, and calculating other sizes of the sandwich structure through the formula in the step 2. The resulting optimum structure is shown in table 1, and a comparison of the maximum equivalent stresses for the other similar ratios is shown in fig. 6. It can be seen that the optimal similarity ratio corresponds to the maximum equivalent stress being the smallest. The point D corresponding structure is the optimal structure for this example.
TABLE 1 optimal Structure (Point D)
| Parameter(s) | Value of |
| w | 0.8104 |
| β | 72.94° |
| L | 21.95mm |
| S | 19.56mm |
| σ | 920MPa |
The sandwich structure obtained in the embodiment is added with an upper panel to form a regular pyramid unit composite array structure, then the regular pyramid unit composite array structure is arranged at each corner of the instrument packaging box, and three orthogonal plane surfaces of each corner are respectively attached with one regular pyramid unit composite array structure.
Impact cases were simulated by dropping freely horizontally from a height of 20cm down the plane of a 4kg discus of 100mm diameter to the center of the selected structure. Figure 7 is a diagram of the deformation of the optimised sandwich structure during impact, and it can be seen that the structure absorbs most of the impact energy due to the deformation of the top, and protects the instrument under this impact. Fig. 8 is an impact force curve. It can be seen that the impact force is not constant, with a wave effect.
Therefore, the sandwich structure obtained by the invention has the advantages of high specific rigidity and strong anti-collision performance; when the structure is impacted positively, the top of the somatic cell deforms, so that the collision energy is absorbed, the structure can be effectively applied to the long-distance transportation process of large-scale instruments, and the bumping safety protection is realized.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or variations be covered by the claims without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for optimizing a composite array structure of a regular pyramid unit for collision energy absorption is disclosed, wherein the composite array structure comprises a sandwich structure (2) and an upper panel (1), the upper panel is positioned on the top surface of the sandwich structure (2), and the method is characterized in that: comprises the following steps:
step 1) determining the material, height H and length L of the sandwich structure (2) to be designed according to the size and actual installation requirements of the object to be protected against vibrationenAnd width Wid；
Step 2) the sandwich structure (2) is formed by closely arranging and connecting sandwich cell units in an array manner; constructing a similarity ratio w, and establishing a shape and size formula of the sandwich structure (2) controlled by the similarity ratio w, the number of edges n and the thickness t, wherein the number of the edges is the number of the side lengths of the bottom surfaces of the cell units of the sandwich body; the sandwich cell unit is a regular pyramid and is hollow;
and 3) according to the preset number of edges, the preset thickness and the preset forward load bearing F, under the action of the forward load F, taking the minimum maximum stress of the composite array structure after being deformed by the forward load F as an objective function, taking the similarity ratio w as an individual, calculating the optimal similarity ratio by adopting a genetic algorithm, and determining the optimal sandwich structure (2) according to the optimal similarity ratio.
2. The method for optimizing the structure of the compound array of the regular pyramid units for collision energy absorption according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 2), the shape and size formula of the sandwich structure (2) is as follows:
wherein S is the edge length of the sandwich cell unit, L is the bottom surface side length of the sandwich cell unit, β is the angle of the apex angle of the regular pyramid of the sandwich cell unit, n is the number of the regular pyramids of the sandwich cell unit, H is the height of the sandwich cell unit, and w is the similarity ratio.
3. The method for designing and optimizing the regular pyramid unit composite array structure for collision energy absorption according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the step 3), a genetic algorithm is used for solving, specifically, a plurality of similarity ratios w are randomly generated, the similarity ratios w are used as individuals, a plurality of individuals form a group, iterative solution processing is carried out by using the maximum stress minimum after the composite array structure is deformed by a forward load F as an objective function, in the iterative solution processing process, when the maximum stress of the objective function is calculated, an APDL command stream in an ANSYS software tool is used for solving, and material, load, shape and size parameters of the composite array structure are set in the APDL command stream and comprise the edge number n, the thickness t, the forward load F, the bottom surface side length L of the sandwich cell unit and the height H of the sandwich cell unit, wherein the edge length S of the sandwich cell unit and the angle β of the regular pyramid apex angle of the sandwich cell unit are obtained by calculation and conversion of the similarity ratios w.
4. The method for optimizing the structure of the compound array of the regular pyramid units for collision energy absorption according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the positive load F is a compression load perpendicular to the upper panel.
5. A positive pyramid unit composite array structure for collision energy absorption is characterized in that: obtained by the optimization method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. The utility model provides an instrument packaging box of energy is inhaled in collision which characterized in that: the regular pyramid unit composite array structure of claim 5, wherein the regular pyramid unit composite array structure is arranged at each corner of the instrument packaging box, and one regular pyramid unit composite array structure is attached to each of three orthogonal plane surfaces of each corner.
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| CN113988666A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-01-28 | 常州天晟紫金自动化设备有限公司 | Intelligent quantitative packaging method and system for organic silicon rubber compound |
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