CN111208044A - Engine tail jet flow particulate parameter monitoring device and method - Google Patents

Engine tail jet flow particulate parameter monitoring device and method Download PDF

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CN111208044A
CN111208044A CN202010181326.4A CN202010181326A CN111208044A CN 111208044 A CN111208044 A CN 111208044A CN 202010181326 A CN202010181326 A CN 202010181326A CN 111208044 A CN111208044 A CN 111208044A
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CN111208044B (en
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杨斌
陈佳辉
王学峰
王继
陈晓龙
陈坚
强科杰
王志新
李辉
潘科玮
邱聪聪
牛禄
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Shanghai Power Equipment Research Institute Co Ltd
University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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Abstract

根据本发明的发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数监测装置与方法，通过同时测量高速尾喷流颗粒散射光与辐射光，建立发动机尾喷流颗粒物粒径、浓度、组分等参数分析与来源识别，以及与辐射温度、辐射率、辐射强度等辐射参数算法，同步监测尾喷流颗粒物粒径、浓度、组分等参数与来源，以及辐射温度、辐射率、辐射强度等辐射参数，同时快速触发三维图像测量捕获颗粒三维图像，进一步确定颗粒三维大小、表面形态，明确颗粒来源，从而通过尾喷流颗粒物参数评估发动机工作安全状态。发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数监测装置包括激光光源部、光接收探测部、颗粒三维成像部、颗粒物监测处理部。颗粒物监测处理部处理、保存与显示发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数。

Figure 202010181326

According to the device and method for monitoring engine tail jet particulate matter parameters of the present invention, by simultaneously measuring scattered light and radiated light of high-speed tail jet particles, parameter analysis and source identification such as particle size, concentration, and composition of engine tail jet particles are established, and Algorithms for radiation parameters such as radiation temperature, radiation rate, radiation intensity, etc., to synchronously monitor parameters and sources such as particle size, concentration, and composition of tail jets, as well as radiation parameters such as radiation temperature, radiation rate, radiation intensity, etc., and quickly trigger 3D images. The three-dimensional image of the captured particles is measured to further determine the three-dimensional size and surface morphology of the particles, and to clarify the source of the particles, so as to evaluate the safe state of the engine through the parameters of the tail jet particulate matter. The engine tail jet particle parameter monitoring device includes a laser light source part, a light receiving detection part, a particle three-dimensional imaging part, and a particle monitoring processing part. The particulate matter monitoring and processing unit processes, saves and displays the particulate matter parameters of the engine tail jet.

Figure 202010181326

Description

Engine tail jet flow particulate parameter monitoring device and method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aerospace, and relates to a device and a method for monitoring parameters of particulate matters of engine tail jet flow.
Background
The exhaust tail jet of the aerospace engines such as the aero-engine, the rocket engine, the ramjet engine and the novel engine is usually the combustion product of the jet pipe which is discharged at supersonic speed, and the combustion product can be further diffused and expanded at the outlet of the jet pipe to form a flow field which emits light and heat.
The engine is the heart of an aerospace aircraft, the technology is complex, and the reliability requirement is extremely high. The engine safety monitoring system not only needs to work under severe conditions of high temperature, large stress and the like, but also needs to change working conditions frequently, so that the engine safety monitoring is one of important contents of engine tests and operation. In the ground test and flight process of the engine, due to the influence of severe working conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, strong vibration and the like and factors such as fatigue, creep deformation, material aging and the like, the key structural components such as turbine blades, wheel discs and the like are inevitably damaged due to collision and abrasion or coating shedding, and particles enter tail jet flow and can emit ultraviolet and visible emission spectra with strong enough intensity at high temperature to show the characteristics of Mars, so that a technical approach is provided for the evaluation and real-time detection and diagnosis of the working state of the engine. The monitoring of the engine tail jet flow particulate matter parameters can provide important support for safety evaluation of the working state of the engine, and no effective monitoring means for the engine tail jet flow particulate matter parameters exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a device and a method for monitoring parameters of particulate matters of engine tail jet flow, which are characterized in that the scattered light and the radiation light of particles of the engine tail jet flow are measured at the same time, so that the analysis and the source identification of parameters such as particle size, concentration and components of the particulate matters of the engine tail jet flow are established, and the algorithm of radiation parameters such as radiation temperature, radiation rate and radiation intensity is established, so that the parameters and the sources of the particle size, concentration and components of the particulate matters of the tail jet flow and the radiation parameters such as radiation temperature, radiation rate and radiation intensity are synchronously monitored, and meanwhile, three-dimensional images are rapidly triggered to measure and capture three-dimensional images of the particles, so that the three-dimensional size and the surface morphology of the.
The invention provides a monitoring device for particulate matter parameters of engine tail jet, which is characterized by comprising a laser light source part, a laser light source part and a monitoring device, wherein the laser light source part is positioned on one side of the engine tail jet and is used for generating incident laser with different wavelengths; the light receiving and detecting part is positioned on the other side of the tail jet flow of the engine and is used for receiving the radiation light or the scattered light, converting the radiation light or the scattered light into an electric signal and sending a particle monitoring trigger signal; the particle three-dimensional imaging part starts to work after receiving the particle monitoring trigger signal and obtains a particle three-dimensional image through backlight imaging and three-dimensional projection reconstruction; and the particle monitoring and processing part is used for controlling the working modes of the laser light source part and the light receiving and detecting part, wherein the particle monitoring and processing part is respectively in communication connection with the laser light source part, the photoelectric detecting part and the particle three-dimensional imaging part and is used for processing, storing and displaying the parameters of particles of the tail jet flow of the engine.
The invention provides an engine tail jet flow particle parameter monitoring device which is characterized in that a laser light source part comprises a laser controller, a plurality of lasers, an optical fiber coupler and a collimator, a particle monitoring processing part controls the working mode, the laser wavelength and the laser output intensity parameter of the laser controller, the laser controller controls the opening and closing of the two working modes, the laser wavelength and the laser output intensity parameter through a control signal cable by a characteristic signal testing processing part, laser generated by the lasers is output to the optical fiber coupler through the optical fiber, the optical fiber coupler receives the laser generated by the lasers and couples the laser to an output optical fiber, and the collimator is connected with the optical fiber coupler and outputs the laser to irradiate a measuring area.
In addition, in the engine tail jet particulate matter parameter monitoring device provided by the invention, the device also has the following characteristics: wherein, the light receiving and detecting part comprises a filter attenuator, a light converging optical fiber coupler, an optical fiber, a collimator, a grating, a plurality of photoelectric detectors and a photoelectric detection processor, the filter attenuator has two controllable working modes of filtering and non-filtering, tail jet radiation light, laser generated by a laser source part or a mixture of the tail jet radiation light and the laser irradiate particles in a tail jet measuring area, the particle scattered light enters the optical fiber coupler after passing through the filter attenuator, the filter attenuator and the optical fiber coupler are arranged on the same straight line, the angle between the straight line and the irradiation direction of the laser emitted by the laser source part is an acute angle, the collimator is connected with the optical fiber coupler through the optical fiber, collimated laser which is collimated by the particle scattered light is irradiated on the grating, the grating receives the collimated laser and then divides the collimated laser into a plurality of beams according to the wavelength, the plurality of photoelectric detectors respectively receive the plurality of beams and then convert the optical signals into, the photoelectric detection processor collects electric signals output by the photoelectric detectors and converts the electric signals into digital signals, the intensities of light with different wavelengths are obtained and output to the particle monitoring processing part, and a particle monitoring trigger signal is sent to the particle three-dimensional imaging part.
In addition, in the engine tail jet particulate matter parameter monitoring device provided by the invention, the device also has the following characteristics: the particle three-dimensional imaging part comprises at least two groups of light paths, a particle three-dimensional imaging processor and a trigger, wherein each group of light paths is provided with a light source, a lens and an industrial camera, and the trigger triggers the particle three-dimensional imaging processor to work after receiving a particle monitoring trigger signal output by the light receiving and detecting part, so that the light source, the lens and the industrial camera on the light paths are controlled to work.
In addition, in the engine tail jet particulate matter parameter monitoring device provided by the invention, the device also has the following characteristics: the particle monitoring and processing part is connected with the laser controller and used for controlling the generation and the closing, the wavelength and the intensity of incident laser, the particle monitoring and processing part is connected with the filter attenuator and used for controlling the working mode of the filter attenuator, the particle monitoring and processing part is connected with the photoelectric detection processor and used for obtaining the intensity of radiation light or scattered light, and based on the established engine tail jet flow particle parameter analysis algorithm, tail jet flow particle parameters are synchronously obtained.
In addition, in the engine tail jet particulate matter parameter monitoring device provided by the invention, the device also has the following characteristics: the light receiving and detecting part comprises a filter attenuator, a light converging optical fiber coupler, an optical fiber, a collimator, a grating, a plurality of photoelectric detectors and a photoelectric detection processor, wherein the filter attenuator has two controllable working modes of filtering and non-filtering, the attenuation degree is adjustable, the particle monitoring and processing part is controlled by a control signal cable, tail jet radiation light, laser generated by a laser source part or mixed light of the tail jet radiation light and the laser generated by the laser source part irradiate particles in a tail jet measuring area to generate particle scattering light, the particle scattering light enters the optical fiber coupler after passing through the filter attenuator, the filter attenuator and the optical fiber coupler are in the same straight line direction and form a certain angle with the irradiation direction of the laser emitted by the laser source part, the optical fiber outputs the light to the collimator after receiving the light to irradiate the grating, the grating divides the light into a plurality of light splitting according to the wavelength, the plurality of photoelectric detectors respectively receive the plurality of light splitting and then convert the light signals into, the photoelectric detection processor converts the electric signals into digital signals, obtains the intensities of light with different wavelengths, outputs the light to the particle monitoring and processing part through the digital signal communication cable, and sends out particle monitoring trigger signals to the particle three-dimensional imaging part through the cable.
The particle three-dimensional imaging part comprises two or more groups of light paths arranged at an angle, a particle three-dimensional imaging processor and a trigger, wherein each group of light paths is provided with a light source, a lens and an industrial camera, the trigger receives a particle monitoring trigger signal output by the light receiving and detecting part through a cable and triggers the particle three-dimensional imaging processor to start working, so that the light source, the lens and the industrial camera on each group of light paths are controlled by the cable to work, projected digital images of particles on the groups of light paths of the particles are captured through backlight imaging of each group of light paths, the digital images are sent to the particle three-dimensional imaging processor through a digital signal communication cable to be processed, three-dimensional images of the particles are obtained through a three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm, parameters such as particle size, shape indication and the like are further obtained through.
The particle monitoring processing part is connected with a laser controller through a control signal cable to control the generation and closing, wavelength and intensity of incident laser, is connected with a filter attenuator through a control signal cable to control a filtering and non-filtering working mode, is connected with a photoelectric detection processor through a digital signal communication cable to obtain the intensity of radiation light or scattered light, synchronously obtains parameters such as particle diameter, concentration, components and sources of tail jet flow particle parameters based on an established engine tail jet flow particle parameter analysis algorithm, is connected with a particle three-dimensional imaging part through the digital signal communication cable to obtain particle three-dimensional images, further obtains the parameters such as particle size, indicating form and the like through image analysis, and determines the particle sources, so that the working safety state of the engine is evaluated through the tail jet flow particle parameters.
The invention provides a device for monitoring parameters of particulate matters of tail jet flow of an engine, which has the following characteristics: the engine tail jet flow particulate matter parameter monitoring device has three working modes of radiation measurement, particle measurement and synchronous measurement:
in the radiation measurement working mode of the engine tail jet flow particle parameter monitoring device, a laser light source part adopts a closed working mode, a light receiving detection part adopts a non-filtering working mode, and the light receiving detection part is used for collecting and obtaining tail jet flow radiation light and directly detecting the intensity of the tail jet flow radiation light with different wavelengths in ultraviolet, visible and infrared wave bands so as to obtain radiation parameters such as tail jet flow radiation temperature, radiation rate, radiation intensity and the like; in the particle measuring working mode of the engine tail jet flow particle parameter monitoring device, the laser light source part adopts an opening working mode, the light receiving and detecting part adopts a filtering working mode and is used for filtering tail jet flow radiation light and converging scattered laser light with different wavelengths, detecting the intensity of the scattered laser light with different wavelengths after the tail jet flow radiation light is filtered and obtaining the particle size and concentration parameters of tail jet flow particles, and further evaluating the working safety state of an engine through the tail jet flow particle parameters.
In the synchronous measurement working mode of the engine tail jet flow particle parameter monitoring device, the laser light source part adopts an open working mode, the light receiving and detecting part adopts a non-filtering working mode and is used for collecting and obtaining tail jet flow radiation light and scattered laser mixed light, detecting the intensity of the radiation light with different wavelengths and the scattered laser mixed light and synchronously obtaining particle parameters such as tail jet flow particle size, concentration, components and source identification and radiation parameters such as radiation temperature, radiation rate and radiation intensity.
When the engine tail jet flow particle parameter monitoring device adopts any one of the working modes, the light receiving detection part sends out a particle monitoring trigger signal to the particle three-dimensional imaging part to trigger the three-dimensional imaging part to work while detecting the radiation light or the scattered light, the particle projection digital image on a plurality of groups of light paths of the particles is captured through the backlight imaging of a plurality of groups of light paths, the digital image is sent to the particle three-dimensional imaging processor by using a digital signal communication cable to be processed, the particle three-dimensional image is obtained through a three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm, the particle size, the shape indication and other parameters are further obtained through image analysis, and the particle source is determined.
The invention provides a device for monitoring parameters of particulate matters of tail jet flow of an engine, which has the following characteristics: the working mode of the engine tail jet flow particle parameter monitoring device is determined according to the parameter types which can be obtained by the working mode by combining the engine test requirements, and the working modes of the laser light source part and the light receiving detection part are correspondingly determined; the selection of the laser wavelengths of the lasers of the laser source part and the filtering wavelength range of the filter attenuator of the light receiving detection part is usually in the blue-violet light band, in order to eliminate the influence of tail jet radiation light; the intensity of a plurality of lasers, the attenuation rate of a filter attenuator, the size of a light gathering area of a light gathering optical fiber coupler and the selection of the beam cross section size of laser are determined according to a tail jet flow area to be monitored and a scattering light intensity signal-to-noise ratio, the beam cross section size of the laser needs to cover the tail jet flow area to be monitored, the scattering light intensity signal-to-noise ratio is related to the particle size and the concentration of tail jet flow particles, the larger the particle size or the higher the particle concentration is, the larger the generated scattering light intensity is, and the higher the.
The selection of the multiple photodetector wavelengths is determined in conjunction with testing the wavelengths at which the data needs to be analyzed.
The filter attenuator and the light-converging optical fiber coupler in the light receiving detection part are arranged in pairs, can be used as a filter attenuator and a light-converging optical fiber coupler for single-point detection, and can also be used as an annular array type filter attenuator and a light-converging optical fiber coupler for annular multipoint detection, so that the scattered light of particles at different positions of large-size engine tail jet flow can be detected.
The particle three-dimensional imaging part is arranged at a position with a certain distance from the light receiving detection part, the distance between the particle three-dimensional imaging part and the light receiving detection part is determined by the movement speed of particles in tail jet flow, and in order to ensure that the light receiving detection part can send a particle monitoring trigger signal to the particle three-dimensional imaging part to trigger the three-dimensional imaging part to work and capture particle images when the light receiving detection part monitors the particles.
The invention provides a device for monitoring parameters of particulate matters of tail jet flow of an engine, which has the following characteristics: the particles in the tail jet flow tested by the engine tail jet flow particle parameter monitoring device can be particles generated by combustion of engine fuel, and can also be particles generated by inevitable damage to key structural components such as engine turbine blades, wheel discs and the like due to collision and abrasion or falling of a coating under severe working conditions in the ground test and the flight process of the engine.
A method for monitoring the particulate parameters of the engine tail jet flow by adopting any one of the above monitoring devices for the particulate parameters of the engine tail jet flow is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: arranging engine tail jet flow particulate matter parameter monitoring devices on two sides of engine tail jet flow;
s2: determining the working mode of the engine tail jet flow particulate matter parameter monitoring device;
s3: opening an engine tail jet flow particulate matter parameter monitoring device, and carrying out engine tail jet flow particulate matter parameter monitoring;
s4: parameters such as particle size, concentration and components, three-dimensional images and sources of particles are obtained in real time based on the established engine tail jet flow particle analysis algorithm, so that the working safety state of the engine is evaluated through the tail jet flow particle parameters.
In addition, the method for monitoring the parameters of the particulate matters in the tail jet flow of the engine provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the monitoring method of the particulate matter parameters of the tail jet flow of the engine also comprises three methods corresponding to three working modes of radiation measurement, particle measurement and synchronous measurement adopted by the monitoring device of the particulate matter parameters of the tail jet flow of the engine:
corresponding to the radiation measurement working mode adopted by the engine tail jet flow particulate matter parameter monitoring device, the engine tail jet flow particulate matter parameter monitoring method adopts tail jet flow ultraviolet, visible and infrared wave band different wavelength tail jet flow radiation light intensity data obtained by a light receiving detection part, the data has two characteristics of tail jet flow radiation continuous characteristic and particle radiation characteristic spectral line, and the two characteristics are stripped: obtaining spectral line wavelength and spectral line intensity parameters according to particle radiation characteristic spectral lines, determining particle components and particle concentration through a particle component inversion algorithm, and analyzing according to the radiation characteristic spectral line wavelength, spectral line intensity, particle components and particle concentration information through a particle source identification algorithm to obtain particle sources; according to the continuous radiation characteristic of the tail jet flow, radiation parameters such as the radiation temperature, the radiation rate and the radiation intensity of the tail jet flow are obtained through a radiation parameter inversion algorithm such as the radiation temperature, the radiation rate and the radiation intensity of the tail jet flow; and further evaluating the working safety state of the engine through the parameters of the tail jet flow particles.
The particle measurement working mode adopted by the particle parameter monitoring and measuring device corresponding to the engine tail jet flow is characterized in that the particle parameter monitoring method of the engine tail jet flow adopts intensity data of scattered laser with different wavelengths for filtering tail jet flow radiation light obtained by a light receiving and detecting part, and light signals obtained by detection of the light receiving and detecting part in a test are intensity of the scattered laser with different wavelengths.
Corresponding to the synchronous measurement working mode adopted by the engine tail jet flow particle parameter monitoring device, the engine tail jet flow particle parameter monitoring method adopts the intensity data of the radiation light and the scattering laser mixed light with different wavelengths obtained by the light receiving detection part, and the light signals obtained by the detection of the light receiving detection part in the test are the intensities of the radiation light and the scattering laser mixed light with different wavelengths, and have three characteristics of tail jet flow radiation continuity, particle radiation characteristic spectral line and scattering laser: obtaining spectral line wavelength and spectral line intensity parameters according to particle radiation characteristic spectral lines, determining particle components and particle concentration through a particle component inversion algorithm, and analyzing according to the radiation characteristic spectral line wavelength, spectral line intensity, particle components and particle concentration information through a particle source identification algorithm to obtain particle sources; according to the continuous radiation characteristic of the tail jet flow, radiation parameters such as the radiation temperature, the radiation rate and the radiation intensity of the tail jet flow are obtained through a radiation parameter inversion algorithm such as the radiation temperature, the radiation rate and the radiation intensity of the tail jet flow; according to the scattered laser characteristics, the scattered laser that causes for a plurality of lasers of laser light source portion to can obtain the mixed light superposition light intensity I' that different wavelengths correspond, the radiant light intensity in the mixed light needs to be deducted, thereby obtains accurate scattered laser light intensity I:
I＝I’-Ir
i' is the light intensity of the corresponding wavelength obtained by the test light receiving detection part, IrThe radiation reference light intensity obtained by the interpolation of the intensity data of the peripheral wavelength radiation light is combined with the initial light intensity I0And obtaining the particle diameter and concentration parameter of the tail jet flow particles by a synchronous inversion algorithm of the particle diameter and concentration parameter. Therefore, particle parameters such as particle size, concentration, components and source identification of the tail jet flow particles and radiation parameters such as radiation temperature, radiation rate and radiation intensity are synchronously obtained, and the working safety state of the engine is further evaluated through the parameters of the tail jet flow particles.
In addition, the method for monitoring the parameters of the particulate matters in the tail jet flow of the engine provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the particle size and concentration parameter synchronous inversion algorithm is established on the basis of a particle angle scattering theory, and if incident light is completely polarized light, the distance between an observation point and scattering particles is L, and the included angle between a vibration surface and a scattering surface of the incident light is a polarization angle phi, the total scattering light intensity of the particles is Is. Total scattered light intensity IsIs composed of two parts: intensity of scattered light I generated perpendicular to the scattering surfacerAnd the intensity of the scattered light I generated in a direction parallel to the scattering surfacelI.e. Is＝Ir+IlWherein, in the step (A),
Figure BDA0002412617300000071
Figure BDA0002412617300000072
r is the particle size of the particles; theta is a scattering angle; s1(theta) and s2(theta) is an amplitude function related to the refractive index m and the dimensionless quantity α, but not to the polarization angle phi of the incident light, lambda is the wavelength of the incident light, I0The intensity of the incident laser beam can be regarded as the intensity of the laser beam output from the laser light source unit.
The total scattered intensity I obtained in the case of incident light being fully polarizedsComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002412617300000073
i1(theta) and i2(theta) is an intensity function of the spherical particles, and is related to the scattering angle theta, the refractive index m, and the dimensionless parameter α, and is independent of the polarization angle phi of the incident light, whereas the dimensionless parameter α is related only to the wavelength lambda of the incident light and the particle size r of the particlessMainly related to the scattering angle theta, the refractive index m, the wavelength lambda of the incident light and the particle size r of the particles. Thus, by measuring the angular scattering intensity of incident light at different wavelengths, different wavelengths λ can be established1、λ2、λ3Lower angle scattered light intensity Is,λ1、Is,λ2、Is,λ3Relationship with incident wavelength, particle size:
Figure BDA0002412617300000074
the particle size r can be calculated by solving the scattered light equation with different wavelengths.
Once the particle size is obtained, the particle number concentration N can be obtained through the quantitative relation between the angular scattering light intensity and the particle number concentrationv：
Figure BDA0002412617300000081
V is the volume of the detection zone.
In addition, the method for monitoring the parameters of the particulate matters in the tail jet flow of the engine provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the particle component inversion algorithm is established in that the particle emits a sufficiently strong ultraviolet, visible or infrared band radiation spectrum characteristic spectral line in the high-temperature tail jet flow of the engine, and the particle component is determined through the characteristic spectral line.
The outer layer electrons of the atoms of the tail jet flow particles are in a ground state in a normal state, and after the atoms are excited by the outside of a high-temperature environment, the atoms in the excited state are in an extremely unstable state, and the outer layer electrons spontaneously jump from a high energy level to a low energy level and release photons. Atomic spontaneous emission radio frequencyRatio v and energy level difference (E)1-E2) In relation to, satisfy:
hν＝E1-E2
h is the Planck constant.
When the system is in a thermal equilibrium state, the distribution among the energy steady states of the atoms follows a boltzmann distribution:
Figure BDA0002412617300000082
Nnand N1Number of atoms in excited and ground states, gnAnd g1Atomic number and statistical weight, E, for the excited and ground states, respectively1nThe excitation energy required for the ground state to the excited state, k is the boltzmann constant, and T is the temperature at which the atoms are located. From this, the particle composition can be determined and the component concentration obtained by analysis of the characteristic spectral line wavelength and intensity.
In addition, the method for monitoring the parameters of the particulate matters in the tail jet flow of the engine provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the particle source identification algorithm is mainly obtained based on a K-means clustering algorithm of tail jet flow radiation spectrum clustering analysis.
The basic idea of K-means clustering is to randomly select K data samples from a data set containing a large number of solid particle radiation spectrum samples as initial clustering centers, count the distance between each spectrum sample and the K initial clustering centers, divide all the spectrum data into the class represented by the clustering center closest to the spectrum sample, and update the K clustering centers according to the mean value of the newly generated spectrum samples in each class. If the change of the clustering center value in the adjacent iteration times exceeds the set threshold value, performing classification again on all the spectrum samples according to the new clustering center; and if the change of the clustering central value in the adjacent iteration times is smaller than a specified threshold value, the algorithm converges and a clustering result is output.
The K-means clustering algorithm flow is as follows:
(a) selecting an original data set of K-mean clustering, and randomly selecting K spectral samples from the original data set as an initial clustering center z1,z2,…,zk；
(b) Calculating the distances from the sample data to k condensation points one by one (generally, Euclidean distance is used as the distance from the sample to the clustering center), and dividing n samples (or variables) into k classes according to the distance, wherein the Euclidean distance calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002412617300000091
xiis the variable value of the ith variable of the sample x, yiAre the variable values of the i variables of the sample y. If the distance from the spectrum sample to the original class is the shortest, the spectrum sample is still in the original class, otherwise, the spectrum sample is moved to the class which is the shortest;
(c) and (c) calculating the clustering center of each type of data in the k types, if the clustering center is not coincident with the initial clustering center, taking the clustering center as a new clustering center, repeating the step (b) until all the spectrum samples cannot move or each clustering center is not changed, and terminating the calculation process, thereby identifying the source of the engine tail jet flow particles.
Through a large amount of tail jet flow radiation spectral clustering analysis, specific wavelength characteristics of particle source identification can be obtained, so that the wavelength intensity data of radiation light of all wave bands does not need to be obtained, only a plurality of data of determined wavelengths are needed, and an engine tail jet flow particle parameter monitoring device and a particle source identification algorithm can be further simplified.
In addition, the method for monitoring the parameters of the particulate matters in the tail jet flow of the engine provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the inversion algorithm of radiation parameters such as tail jet radiation temperature, radiation rate, radiation intensity and the like is established based on a Planck radiation law parameter fitting method.
The measured radiation intensities of the tail jet flow at different wavelengths are as follows:
Figure BDA0002412617300000092
epsilon is the average radiance of tail jet flow, and the value is a constant between 0 and 1; t is the field-of-view average thermodynamic temperature, k is the different wavelength probe response correction coefficient, which is related to the photoelectric probe response, the optical fiber transmission and the relevant parameters of the test system.
According to the measuring working condition and the calculation range, under the condition of lambda T < <2000 mu mT, the Planck radiation law can be simplified into a Wien relation:
Figure BDA0002412617300000093
taking logarithm at both ends of the equal sign of the above formula, making epsilon '═ ln epsilon, T ═ 1/T, and substituting epsilon' and T into the above formula to obtain:
Figure BDA0002412617300000101
establishing a multivariate function f (ε', t) using a polynomial yiAnd (3) carrying out curve fitting:
Figure BDA0002412617300000102
yiis measured by experiment to obtain a wavelength of lambdaiThe logarithm of the intensity of the radiation. According to the least square method, when the square sum of the deviation in the above formula is minimum, the corresponding values of epsilon 'and T are obtained through calculation, and the average temperature and radiance parameters obtained through experimental measurement can be obtained by substituting the formula epsilon' into ln epsilon and the formula T into 1/T.
On the basis of obtaining the radiation temperature and the radiation rate parameters of the tail jet flow, the radiation intensity of the tail jet flow with different wavelengths in all bands such as ultraviolet, visible and infrared bands can be calculated according to the Planck's law, and the total radiation intensity can be obtained through all-band integration.
In addition, the method for monitoring the parameters of the particulate matters in the tail jet flow of the engine provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: when any one of the methods is adopted in the engine tail jet flow particulate parameter monitoring method, when particulate matter is monitored, a three-dimensional imaging part is triggered to obtain a three-dimensional image of the particulate matter, and a three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm is obtained based on reconstruction of a plurality of groups of particle projection digital images on light paths.
If two groups of light paths are adopted and are arranged to be vertical, one group of light paths obtains horizontal projection and contains the appearance characteristics of particles in the horizontal direction, the other group of light paths obtains vertical projection and contains the appearance characteristics of particles in the vertical direction, and the three-dimensional images of the particles can be reconstructed through restoration of the horizontal and vertical projections.
If more groups of light paths are adopted, more particle projection images in the light path direction can be obtained, and therefore a particle three-dimensional image can be reconstructed more accurately.
After the three-dimensional image of the particles is obtained, the particle size distribution and the particle counting concentration parameters can be calculated according to image processing.
The source of the particles can be further confirmed by combining the engine working engineering according to the surface morphology of the particles.
In addition, the method for monitoring the parameters of the particulate matters in the tail jet flow of the engine provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the method for evaluating the working safety state of the engine through the parameters of the tail jet flow particles comprises the steps of determining the types of the particles by monitoring the parameters of the tail jet flow particles, determining the source of the particles, and determining the combustion and safe operation conditions of the test fuel of the engine by combining the particle size and the concentration parameters of the particles.
Action and Effect of the invention
The invention relates to a device and a method for monitoring parameters of particulate matters of engine tail jet flow, which have the following effects:
(1) according to the invention, by measuring the radiation energy distribution of the tail jet flow in ultraviolet, visible and infrared bands and the angular scattering light intensity of laser with different wavelengths after passing through the tail jet flow to be detected, an engine tail jet flow particle parameter analysis algorithm is established, particle parameters such as particle size, concentration, components, source identification and the like of tail jet flow particles are synchronously obtained, the occurrence of the particles is rapidly judged through photoelectric detection, then three-dimensional imaging of the particles is synchronously triggered, the three-dimensional size and surface form of the particles are further determined, the particle source is determined, and thus the working safety state of the engine is evaluated through the tail jet flow particle parameters.
(2) The particle photoelectric detection is adopted to quickly obtain the optical signal of the particles in the tail jet flow, the data processing is extremely quick, the long-term monitoring of the particles can be realized, and therefore the three-dimensional imaging of the particles is synchronously triggered, the capture of the particles with quick motion of the tail jet flow is met, and the omission detection can be avoided.
(3) When the synchronous measurement working mode is adopted, the intensity data of the mixed light of the radiant light and the scattered laser with different wavelengths is obtained by detection, and the intensity data of the scattered laser in the mixed light can be obtained by data conversion, so that the synchronous test of particle parameters such as the particle size, the concentration, the components and the source identification of tail jet flow particles and the radiation parameters such as the radiation temperature, the radiation rate and the radiation intensity is realized. And the particle size and concentration measurement accuracy can be improved through the combined solution of multi-wavelength scattered light.
(4) The laser wavelength, the intensity, the working mode, the filtering wavelength range of the filter attenuator of the light receiving detection part, the attenuation rate, the working mode, the selection of the data wavelength and the like of a plurality of lasers of the laser light source part need to be selected and determined by combining parameters such as the particle size parameter range of the tail jet flow of the engine, the particle concentration parameter concentration, the radiation characteristic of the tail jet flow and the like, the wavelength of the laser is generally blue-violet light, the measurement of the laser scattering light intensity can be ensured not to be influenced by the radiation light, and the particle size and concentration parameter test precision is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a device for monitoring parameters of particulate matters in tail jet flow of an engine in an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of an annular array type filter attenuator and a light converging fiber coupler for annular multipoint detection of a light receiving detection part of the engine tail jet flow particle parameter monitoring device in the embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a typical data processing diagram of three operation modes of monitoring particulate matter parameters of engine tail jet flow in the embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of three-dimensional reconstruction particles projected by two sets of perpendicular optical paths in the method for monitoring parameters of particulate matters in tail jet flow of an engine in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the efficacy of the invention easy to understand, the following embodiments are combined with the accompanying drawings to specifically describe the device and the method for monitoring the parameters of the engine tail jet flow particles.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an engine tail jet particulate parameter monitoring device, which includes a laser light source unit 2, a light receiving and detecting unit 3, a three-dimensional particulate imaging unit 4, and a particulate monitoring and processing unit 5.
The testing device comprises a laser light source part 2 and a light receiving and detecting part 3 which are correspondingly arranged on two sides of a tail jet flow 12 of an engine 11.
The laser light source unit 2 is located on the side of the tail jet 12 of the engine 11 and generates incident laser light having different wavelengths.
The light receiving and detecting part 3 is positioned at the other side of the tail jet flow 12 of the engine 11 and is used for receiving the radiated light or the scattered light, converting the radiated light or the scattered light into an electric signal and sending out a particle monitoring trigger signal.
The particle three-dimensional imaging part 4 starts to work after receiving the particle monitoring trigger signal, and obtains a particle three-dimensional image through backlight imaging and three-dimensional projection reconstruction.
The particle monitoring and processing part 5 is used for controlling the working modes of the laser light source part 2 and the light receiving and detecting part 3, and processing, storing and displaying the parameters of the particles of the tail jet flow of the engine.
The laser light source unit 2 includes a laser controller 21, a plurality of lasers 22, 23, and 24, a fiber coupler 27, and a collimator 29.
The particle monitoring and processing part 5 controls the working mode of the laser controller 21, the wavelengths of the lasers 22, 23 and 24 and the laser output intensity parameter through the control signal cable 51, and the laser controller 21 has two working modes of opening and closing.
The laser controller 21 and the lasers 22, 23, and 24 are connected in parallel through a cable 25, respectively, and are configured to control the lasers 22, 23, and 24 with different wavelengths to generate laser light.
The laser light generated by the lasers 22, 23, 24 is output to the optical fiber coupler 27 through the optical fiber 26, the optical fiber coupler 27 receives the laser light generated by the lasers 22, 23, 24 and couples the laser light to the output optical fiber 28, and is connected with the collimator 29, and the collimator 29 outputs the laser light 20 to irradiate the measuring area.
The light reception detecting unit 3 includes a filter attenuator 31, a light collecting fiber coupler 32, an optical fiber 33, a collimator 34, a grating 36, a plurality of photodetectors 362, 364, 366, and a photodetector processor 38.
The filter attenuator 31 has two controllable operation modes of filtering and non-filtering, and the attenuation degree is adjustable, and is controlled by the particulate matter monitoring processing part 5 through the control signal cable 52.
The radiation light of the tail jet 12, the laser light generated by the laser light source unit 2, or a mixture thereof irradiates the particles 131 in the measurement region of the tail jet 12 to generate particle scattered light 30, and the particle scattered light passes through the filter attenuator 31 and enters the optical fiber coupler 32, and the filter attenuator 31 and the optical fiber coupler 32 are aligned in the same direction and form a certain angle with the irradiation direction of the laser light 20 emitted from the laser light source unit 2. The fiber coupler 32 receives the light and outputs the light to the collimator 34 through the fiber 33 to emit light 35, irradiates the grating 36, the grating 36 receives the light 35 and then divides the light into multiple beams 361, 363, 365 according to the wavelength, and the multiple photodetectors 362, 364, 366 receive the multiple beams 361, 363, 365 respectively and then convert the light signals into electrical signals to output the electrical signals to the photodetector processor 38 through the cable 37.
The photoelectric detection processor 38 converts the electrical signal into a digital signal, obtains the intensities of light with different wavelengths, outputs the digital signal to the particle monitoring processing part 5 through the digital signal communication cable 53, and sends a particle monitoring trigger signal to the particle three-dimensional imaging part 4 through the cable 47.
The particle three-dimensional imaging section 4 includes a plurality of sets of angularly arranged optical paths, a particle three-dimensional imaging processor 43, and a trigger 44.
In the embodiment, the three-dimensional particle imaging part 4 has two sets of orthogonally arranged light paths (411-.
The trigger 44 receives the particle monitoring trigger signal output by the light receiving and detecting part 38 through the cable 47, and triggers the particle three-dimensional imaging processor 43 to start working, so as to control the light source, the lens and the industrial camera on each set of optical paths to work through the cables 45 and 46, capture the projection digital image of the particles 132 on the multiple sets of optical paths through the backlight imaging of each set of optical paths, send the projection digital image to the particle three-dimensional imaging processor 43 for processing by using the digital signal communication cables 45 and 46, obtain the three-dimensional image of the particles 132 through the three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm, further obtain the parameters such as particle size, shape and the like through image analysis, clarify the particle source, and transmit the parameters to the particle monitoring and processing part 5 through the cable.
The particle monitoring and processing part 5 is connected with a laser controller 21 through a control signal cable 51 to control the generation and closing, wavelength and intensity of incident laser, is connected with a filter attenuator 31 through a control signal cable 52 to control the working modes of filtering and non-filtering, is connected with a photoelectric detection processor 38 through a digital signal communication cable 53 to obtain the intensity of radiation light or scattered light, synchronously obtains parameters such as the particle diameter, concentration, components and sources of tail jet flow particle parameters based on the established engine tail jet flow particle parameter analysis algorithm, is connected with the particle three-dimensional imaging part 4 through a digital signal communication cable 54 to obtain particle three-dimensional images, further obtains the parameters such as particle size, indication form and the like through image analysis, determines the particle sources, and accordingly evaluates the working safety state of the engine through the tail jet flow parameters.
Further, the engine tail jet flow particulate matter parameter monitoring device has three working modes of radiation measurement, particle measurement and synchronous measurement:
in the radiation measurement working mode of the engine tail jet flow particle parameter monitoring device, a laser light source part adopts a closed working mode, a light receiving detection part adopts a non-filtering working mode, and the light receiving detection part is used for collecting and obtaining tail jet flow radiation light and directly detecting the intensity of the tail jet flow radiation light with different wavelengths in ultraviolet, visible and infrared wave bands so as to obtain radiation parameters such as tail jet flow radiation temperature, radiation rate, radiation intensity and the like;
in the particle measuring working mode of the engine tail jet flow particle parameter monitoring device, the laser light source part adopts an opening working mode, the light receiving and detecting part adopts a filtering working mode and is used for filtering tail jet flow radiation light and converging scattered laser light with different wavelengths, detecting the intensity of the scattered laser light with different wavelengths after the tail jet flow radiation light is filtered and obtaining the particle size and concentration parameters of tail jet flow particles, and further evaluating the working safety state of an engine through the tail jet flow particle parameters.
In the synchronous measurement working mode of the engine tail jet flow particle parameter monitoring device, the laser light source part adopts an open working mode, the light receiving and detecting part adopts a non-filtering working mode and is used for collecting and obtaining tail jet flow radiation light and scattered laser mixed light, detecting the intensity of the radiation light with different wavelengths and the scattered laser mixed light and synchronously obtaining particle parameters such as tail jet flow particle size, concentration, components and source identification and radiation parameters such as radiation temperature, radiation rate and radiation intensity.
When the engine tail jet flow particle parameter monitoring device adopts any one of the working modes, the light receiving detection part sends out a particle monitoring trigger signal to the particle three-dimensional imaging part to trigger the three-dimensional imaging part to work while detecting the radiation light or the scattered light, the particle projection digital image on a plurality of groups of light paths of the particles is captured through the backlight imaging of a plurality of groups of light paths, the digital image is sent to the particle three-dimensional imaging processor by using a digital signal communication cable to be processed, the particle three-dimensional image is obtained through a three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm, the particle size, the shape indication and other parameters are further obtained through image analysis, and the particle source is determined.
Further, the working mode of the engine tail jet flow particle parameter monitoring device is determined according to the parameter types which can be obtained by the working mode by combining the engine test requirements, and correspondingly determines the working modes of the laser light source part and the light receiving detection part.
The selection of the laser wavelengths of the lasers of the laser source part and the filtering wavelength range of the filter attenuator of the light receiving detection part is usually in the blue-violet light band, in order to eliminate the influence of tail jet radiation light;
the intensity of a plurality of lasers, the attenuation rate of a filter attenuator, the size of a light gathering area of a light gathering optical fiber coupler and the selection of the beam cross section size of laser are determined according to a tail jet flow area to be monitored and a scattering light intensity signal-to-noise ratio, the beam cross section size of the laser needs to cover the tail jet flow area to be monitored, the scattering light intensity signal-to-noise ratio is related to the particle size and the concentration of tail jet flow particles, the larger the particle size or the higher the particle concentration is, the larger the generated scattering light intensity is, and the higher the.
The selection of the multiple photodetector wavelengths is determined in conjunction with testing the wavelengths at which the data needs to be analyzed.
The filter attenuator and the light-converging optical fiber coupler in the light receiving detection part are arranged in pairs, can be used as a filter attenuator and a light-converging optical fiber coupler for single-point detection, and can also be used as an annular array type filter attenuator and a light-converging optical fiber coupler for annular multipoint detection, so that the scattered light of particles at different positions of large-size engine tail jet flow can be detected.
Fig. 2 is a schematic layout diagram of the ring array type filter attenuator and the light converging fiber coupler for ring multi-point detection of the light receiving detection portion, as shown in fig. 2, incident laser irradiates the engine tail jet flow, and scattered light is received by the ring array type filter attenuator and the light converging fiber coupler for multi-point detection of the light receiving detection portion, so as to ensure that particle scattered light at different positions of the engine tail jet flow is detected, wherein the incident laser may be volume light.
The particle three-dimensional imaging part 4 is arranged at a position with a certain distance from the light receiving detection part, the distance between the particle three-dimensional imaging part 4 and the light receiving detection part 3 is determined by the movement speed of the particles 131 in the tail stream, in order to ensure that the light receiving detection part 3 can monitor the particles, and simultaneously, a particle monitoring trigger signal is sent to the particle three-dimensional imaging part 4 to trigger the three-dimensional imaging part to work so as to capture the images of the particles 132, wherein the particles 131 and the particles 132 are indicated by the same particles at different time positions.
Further, particles in the tail jet flow tested by the engine tail jet flow particle parameter monitoring device can be particles generated by combustion of engine fuel, and can also be particles generated by inevitable damage to key structural components such as engine turbine blades, wheel discs and the like due to rubbing or falling of a coating under severe working conditions in the ground test and the flight process of the engine.
The embodiment also provides a method for monitoring parameters of particulate matters of engine tail jet, which comprises the following steps:
s1: arranging engine tail jet flow particulate matter parameter monitoring devices on two sides of engine tail jet flow;
s2: determining the working mode of the engine tail jet flow particulate matter parameter monitoring device;
s3: opening an engine tail jet flow particulate matter parameter monitoring device, and carrying out engine tail jet flow particulate matter parameter monitoring;
s4: parameters such as particle size, concentration and components, three-dimensional images and sources of particles are obtained in real time based on the established engine tail jet flow particle analysis algorithm, so that the working safety state of the engine is evaluated through the tail jet flow particle parameters.
Further, three working modes of radiation measurement, particle measurement and synchronous measurement are adopted by the engine tail jet flow particle parameter monitoring device, and the engine tail jet flow particle parameter monitoring method also comprises three methods:
corresponding to the radiation measurement working mode adopted by the engine tail jet flow particulate matter parameter monitoring device, the engine tail jet flow particulate matter parameter monitoring method adopts tail jet flow ultraviolet, visible and infrared wave band different wavelength tail jet flow radiation light intensity data obtained by a light receiving detection part, as shown in fig. 3(a), the data has two characteristics of tail jet flow radiation continuous characteristic and particle radiation characteristic spectral line, and the two characteristics are separated: obtaining spectral line wavelength and spectral line intensity parameters according to particle radiation characteristic spectral lines, determining particle components and particle concentration through a particle component inversion algorithm, and analyzing according to the radiation characteristic spectral line wavelength, spectral line intensity, particle components and particle concentration information through a particle source identification algorithm to obtain particle sources; according to the continuous radiation characteristic of the tail jet flow, radiation parameters such as the radiation temperature, the radiation rate and the radiation intensity of the tail jet flow are obtained through a radiation parameter inversion algorithm such as the radiation temperature, the radiation rate and the radiation intensity of the tail jet flow; and further evaluating the working safety state of the engine through the parameters of the tail jet flow particles.
Corresponding to the particle measurement working mode adopted by the engine tail jet particle parameter monitoring and measuring device, the engine tail jet particle parameter monitoring method adopts the intensity data of different wavelengths of scattering laser of the filtered tail jet radiation light obtained by the light receiving and detecting part, as shown in fig. 3(b), the light signals obtained by the light receiving and detecting part in the test are the intensities of the different wavelengths of scattering laser, for a plurality of lasers of the laser light source part, a plurality of signal peak values are provided, so that the different wavelengths of laser scattering light intensity I is obtained, the tail jet particle diameter and the concentration parameter are synchronously obtained by a particle diameter and concentration parameter synchronous inversion algorithm, and the working safety state of the engine is further evaluated by the tail jet particle parameter.
Corresponding to the synchronous measurement mode adopted by the engine tail jet flow particle parameter monitoring device, the engine tail jet flow particle parameter monitoring method adopts intensity data of the radiation light and the scattered laser mixed light with different wavelengths obtained by the light receiving detection part, as shown in fig. 3(c), the intensity data is an optical signal obtained by the detection of the light receiving detection part in the test, namely the intensity of the radiation light and the scattered laser mixed light with different wavelengths, and has three characteristics of tail jet flow radiation continuity, particle radiation characteristic spectral line and scattered laser, in fig. 3(c), I' is the light intensity of the corresponding wavelength obtained by the test photoelectric detection part, IrAnd the radiation reference light intensity is obtained by interpolating the intensity data of the peripheral wavelength radiation light.
Obtaining spectral line wavelength and spectral line intensity parameters according to particle radiation characteristic spectral lines, determining particle components and particle concentration through a particle component inversion algorithm, and analyzing according to the radiation characteristic spectral line wavelength, spectral line intensity, particle components and particle concentration information through a particle source identification algorithm to obtain particle sources;
according to the continuous radiation characteristic of the tail jet flow, radiation parameters such as the radiation temperature, the radiation rate and the radiation intensity of the tail jet flow are obtained through a radiation parameter inversion algorithm such as the radiation temperature, the radiation rate and the radiation intensity of the tail jet flow; according to the scattered laser characteristics, the scattered laser that causes for a plurality of lasers of laser light source portion to can obtain the mixed light superposition light intensity I' that different wavelengths correspond, the radiant light intensity in the mixed light needs to be deducted, thereby obtains accurate scattered laser light intensity I:
I＝I’-Ir
i' obtained by testing light-receiving detecting partLight intensity of corresponding wavelength, IrThe radiation reference light intensity obtained by the interpolation of the intensity data of the peripheral wavelength radiation light is combined with the initial light intensity I0And obtaining the particle diameter and concentration parameter of the tail jet flow particles by a synchronous inversion algorithm of the particle diameter and concentration parameter. Therefore, particle parameters such as particle size, concentration, components and source identification of the tail jet flow particles and radiation parameters such as radiation temperature, radiation rate and radiation intensity are synchronously obtained, and the working safety state of the engine is further evaluated through the parameters of the tail jet flow particles.
Furthermore, the particle size and concentration parameter synchronous inversion algorithm is based on the particle angle scattering theory, assuming that the incident light is completely polarized light, the distance between the observation point and the scattering particles is L, the included angle between the vibration surface of the incident light and the scattering surface is the polarization angle phi, and then the total scattering light intensity of the particles is Is. Total scattered light intensity IsIs composed of two parts: intensity of scattered light I generated perpendicular to the scattering surfacerAnd the intensity of the scattered light I generated in a direction parallel to the scattering surfacelI.e. Is＝Ir+IlWherein, in the step (A),
Figure BDA0002412617300000171
Figure BDA0002412617300000172
r is the particle size of the particles; theta is a scattering angle; s1(theta) and s2(theta) is an amplitude function related to the refractive index m and the dimensionless quantity α, but not to the polarization angle phi of the incident light, lambda is the wavelength of the incident light, I0The intensity of the incident laser beam can be regarded as the intensity of the laser beam output from the laser light source unit.
The total scattered intensity I obtained in the case of incident light being fully polarizedsComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002412617300000173
i1(theta) and i2(theta) is an intensity function of the spherical particles, and is related to the scattering angle theta, the refractive index m, and the dimensionless parameter α, and is independent of the polarization angle phi of the incident light, whereas the dimensionless parameter α is related only to the wavelength lambda of the incident light and the particle size r of the particlessMainly related to the scattering angle theta, the refractive index m, the wavelength lambda of the incident light and the particle size r of the particles. Thus, by measuring the angular scattering intensity of incident light at different wavelengths, different wavelengths λ can be established1、λ2、λ3Lower angle scattered light intensity Is,λ1、Is,λ2、Is,λ3Relationship with incident wavelength, particle size:
Figure BDA0002412617300000181
the particle size r can be calculated by solving the scattered light equation with different wavelengths.
Once the particle size is obtained, the particle number concentration N can be obtained through the quantitative relation between the angular scattering light intensity and the particle number concentrationv：
Figure BDA0002412617300000182
V is the volume of the detection zone.
Further, the particle component inversion algorithm is established in that the particle emits a sufficiently strong ultraviolet, visible or infrared band radiation spectrum characteristic spectral line in the high-temperature tail jet flow of the engine, and the particle component is determined through the characteristic spectral line.
The outer layer electrons of the atoms of the tail jet flow particles are in a ground state in a normal state, and after the atoms are excited by the outside of a high-temperature environment, the atoms in the excited state are in an extremely unstable state, and the outer layer electrons spontaneously jump from a high energy level to a low energy level and release photons. Atomic spontaneous emission frequency v and energy level difference (E)1-E2) In relation to, satisfy:
hν＝E1-E2
h is the Planck constant.
When the system is in a thermal equilibrium state, the distribution among the energy steady states of the atoms follows a boltzmann distribution:
Figure BDA0002412617300000183
Nnand N1Number of atoms in excited and ground states, gnAnd g1Atomic number and statistical weight, E, for the excited and ground states, respectively1nThe excitation energy required for the ground state to the excited state, k is the boltzmann constant, and T is the temperature at which the atoms are located. From this, the particle composition can be determined and the component concentration obtained by analysis of the characteristic spectral line wavelength and intensity.
Further, the particle source identification algorithm is mainly obtained based on a K-means clustering algorithm of tail jet flow radiation spectrum clustering analysis.
The basic idea of K-means clustering is to randomly select K data samples from a data set containing a large number of solid particle radiation spectrum samples as initial clustering centers, count the distance between each spectrum sample and the K initial clustering centers, divide all the spectrum data into the class represented by the clustering center closest to the spectrum sample, and update the K clustering centers according to the mean value of the newly generated spectrum samples in each class. If the change of the clustering center value in the adjacent iteration times exceeds the set threshold value, performing classification again on all the spectrum samples according to the new clustering center; and if the change of the clustering central value in the adjacent iteration times is smaller than a specified threshold value, the algorithm converges and a clustering result is output.
The K-means clustering algorithm flow is as follows:
(a) selecting an original data set of K-mean clustering, and randomly selecting K spectral samples from the original data set as an initial clustering center z1,z2,…,zk；
(b) Calculating the distances from the sample data to k condensation points one by one (generally, Euclidean distance is used as the distance from the sample to the clustering center), and dividing n samples (or variables) into k classes according to the distance, wherein the Euclidean distance calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002412617300000191
xiis the variable value of the ith variable of the sample x, yiAre the variable values of the i variables of the sample y. If the distance from the spectrum sample to the original class is the shortest, the spectrum sample is still in the original class, otherwise, the spectrum sample is moved to the class which is the shortest;
(c) and (c) calculating the clustering center of each type of data in the k types, if the clustering center is not coincident with the initial clustering center, taking the clustering center as a new clustering center, repeating the step (b) until all the spectrum samples cannot move or each clustering center is not changed, and terminating the calculation process, thereby identifying the source of the engine tail jet flow particles.
Through a large amount of tail jet flow radiation spectral clustering analysis, specific wavelength characteristics of particle source identification can be obtained, so that the wavelength intensity data of radiation light of all wave bands does not need to be obtained, only a plurality of data of determined wavelengths are needed, and an engine tail jet flow particle parameter monitoring device and a particle source identification algorithm can be further simplified.
Further, an inversion algorithm of radiation parameters such as tail jet radiation temperature, radiation rate and radiation intensity is established based on a Planck's radiation law parameter fitting method.
The measured radiation intensities of the tail jet flow at different wavelengths are as follows:
Figure BDA0002412617300000201
epsilon is the average radiance of tail jet flow, and the value is a constant between 0 and 1; t is the field-of-view average thermodynamic temperature, k is the different wavelength probe response correction coefficient, which is related to the photoelectric probe response, the optical fiber transmission and the relevant parameters of the test system.
According to the measuring working condition and the calculation range, under the condition of lambda T < <2000 mu mT, the Planck radiation law can be simplified into a Wien relation:
Figure BDA0002412617300000202
taking logarithm at both ends of the equal sign of the above formula, making epsilon '═ ln epsilon, T ═ 1/T, and substituting epsilon' and T into the above formula to obtain:
Figure BDA0002412617300000203
establishing a multivariate function f (ε', t) using a polynomial yiAnd (3) carrying out curve fitting:
Figure BDA0002412617300000204
yiis measured by experiment to obtain a wavelength of lambdaiThe logarithm of the intensity of the radiation. According to the least square method, when the square sum of the deviation in the above formula is minimum, the corresponding values of epsilon 'and T are obtained through calculation, and the average temperature and radiance parameters obtained through experimental measurement can be obtained by substituting the formula epsilon' into ln epsilon and the formula T into 1/T.
On the basis of obtaining the radiation temperature and the radiation rate parameters of the tail jet flow, the radiation intensity of the tail jet flow with different wavelengths in all bands such as ultraviolet, visible and infrared bands can be calculated according to the Planck's law, and the total radiation intensity can be obtained through all-band integration.
Further, when any one of the radiation measurement, particle measurement and synchronous measurement is adopted in the engine tail jet flow particle parameter monitoring method, when particles are monitored, the three-dimensional imaging part is triggered to obtain particle three-dimensional images, and the three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm is obtained based on the reconstruction of the particle projection digital images on multiple groups of light paths.
If two sets of optical paths are adopted, the two sets of optical paths are arranged to be vertical, as shown in fig. 4, one set of optical paths obtains horizontal projection, namely the particle projection on the zoy plane, and contains the appearance characteristics of the particles in the horizontal direction, the other set of optical paths obtains vertical projection, namely the particle projection on the xoy plane, and contains the appearance characteristics of the particles in the vertical direction, and the particle three-dimensional image can be reconstructed through restoration of the horizontal and vertical projections.
If more groups of light paths are adopted, more particle projection images in the light path direction can be obtained, and therefore a particle three-dimensional image can be reconstructed more accurately.
After the three-dimensional image of the particles is obtained, the particle size distribution and the particle counting concentration parameters can be calculated according to image processing.
The source of the particles can be further confirmed by combining the engine working engineering according to the surface morphology of the particles.
Further, the method for evaluating the working safety state of the engine through the parameters of the tail jet flow particles is to determine the types of the particles by monitoring the parameters of the tail jet flow particles, determine the source of the particles and judge the combustion and safe operation conditions of the test fuel of the engine by combining the particle size and the concentration parameters of the particles.
Effects and effects of the embodiments
The device and the method for monitoring the parameters of the particulate matters of the tail jet flow of the engine have the following effects:
(1) according to the embodiment, the distribution of the radiation energy of the tail jet flow in ultraviolet, visible and infrared bands is measured, the angle scattering light intensity of laser with different wavelengths after passing through the tail jet flow to be detected is measured, an engine tail jet flow particle parameter analysis algorithm is established, particle parameters such as the particle size, concentration, components, source identification and the like of tail jet flow particles are obtained singly or synchronously, the occurrence of the particles is rapidly judged through photoelectric detection, then three-dimensional imaging of the particles is triggered synchronously, the three-dimensional size and surface form of the particles are further determined, the particle source is determined, and therefore the working safety state of the engine is evaluated through the tail jet flow particle parameters.
(2) The particle photoelectric detection is adopted to quickly obtain the optical signal of the particles in the tail jet flow, the data processing is extremely quick, and the long-term monitoring of the particles can be realized, so that the three-dimensional imaging of the particles is synchronously triggered, the capture of the particles with quick motion of the tail jet flow is met, and the missing detection can be avoided.
(3) When the synchronous measurement working mode is adopted, the intensity data of the mixed light of the radiant light and the scattered laser with different wavelengths is obtained through detection, and the intensity data of the scattered laser in the mixed light can be obtained through data conversion, so that the synchronous test of particle parameters such as the particle size, the concentration, the components and the source identification of tail jet flow particles and radiation parameters such as the radiation temperature, the radiation rate and the radiation intensity is realized. And the particle size and concentration measurement accuracy can be improved through the combined solution of multi-wavelength scattered light.
(4) The laser wavelength, the intensity, the working mode, the filtering wavelength range of the filter attenuator of the light receiving detection part, the attenuation rate, the working mode, the selection of the data wavelength and the like of a plurality of lasers of the laser light source part need to be selected and determined by combining parameters such as the particle size parameter range of the tail jet flow of the engine, the particle concentration parameter concentration, the radiation characteristic of the tail jet flow and the like, the wavelength of the laser is generally blue-violet light, the measurement of the laser scattering light intensity can be ensured not to be influenced by the radiation light, and the measurement accuracy of the particle size and the concentration parameter is improved.
The above embodiments are preferred examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1.一种发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数监测装置，通过尾喷流颗粒物参数评估发动机工作安全状态，其特征在于，1. an engine tail jet particulate matter parameter monitoring device, by the tail jet flow particulate matter parameter assessment engine work safety state, it is characterized in that, 发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数监测装置具有辐射测量、颗粒测量与同步测量三种工作方式，同步监测尾喷流颗粒物粒径、浓度、组分等参数与来源，以及辐射温度、辐射率、辐射强度等辐射参数，同时快速触发三维图像测量捕获颗粒三维图像，来评估发动机工作安全状态，包括：The engine tail jet particulate matter parameter monitoring device has three working modes: radiation measurement, particle measurement and synchronous measurement, and synchronously monitors parameters and sources such as particle size, concentration, and composition of tail jet particles, as well as radiation temperature, radiation rate, radiation intensity, etc. Radiation parameters, while quickly triggering 3D image measurements to capture 3D images of particles to assess engine operating safety conditions, including: 激光光源部，位于发动机尾喷流一侧，用于产生不同波长的入射激光；The laser light source part, located on the side of the engine tail jet, is used to generate incident lasers of different wavelengths; 光接收探测部，位于发动机尾喷流另一侧，用于接收辐射光或散射光，转换为电信号，并发出颗粒监测触发信号；The light receiving and detecting part, located on the other side of the engine tail jet, is used to receive radiated light or scattered light, convert it into an electrical signal, and issue a particle monitoring trigger signal; 颗粒三维成像部，接收颗粒监测触发信号后开始工作，通过背光成像及三维投影重构获得颗粒三维图像；以及The particle three-dimensional imaging part starts to work after receiving the particle monitoring trigger signal, and obtains the three-dimensional image of particles through backlight imaging and three-dimensional projection reconstruction; and 颗粒物监测处理部，用于控制激光光源部与光接收探测部工作模式，The particle monitoring processing part is used to control the working mode of the laser light source part and the light receiving detection part, 其中，所述颗粒物监测处理部分别与所述激光光源部、所述光电探测部以及颗粒三维成像部通信连接，按照辐射测量、颗粒测量与同步测量三种工作方式控制所述激光光源部、所述光电探测部工作模式，并处理、保存与显示发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数，从而评估发动机工作安全状态。Wherein, the particle monitoring and processing unit is respectively connected with the laser light source unit, the photoelectric detection unit and the particle three-dimensional imaging unit, and controls the laser light source unit, the laser light source unit, the particle 3D imaging unit according to the three working modes of radiation measurement, particle measurement and synchronous measurement. Describe the working mode of the photoelectric detection unit, and process, save and display the parameters of the particulate matter in the engine tail jet, so as to evaluate the safe state of the engine. 2.根据权利要求1所述的发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数监测装置，其特征在于：2. The device for monitoring engine tail jet particulate matter parameters according to claim 1, wherein: 其中，所述激光光源部包括激光控制器、多个激光器、光纤耦合器、准直器，Wherein, the laser light source part includes a laser controller, a plurality of lasers, a fiber coupler, and a collimator, 所述颗粒物监测处理部控制所述激光控制器的工作模式、激光器波长及激光输出强度参数，The particle monitoring processing part controls the working mode of the laser controller, the laser wavelength and the laser output intensity parameters, 所述激光控制器是由特征信号测试处理部通过控制信号电缆控制开启和关闭两种工作模式、激光器波长及激光输出强度参数，The laser controller is controlled by the characteristic signal test processing part to open and close two working modes, laser wavelength and laser output intensity parameters through the control signal cable, 所述激光器产生的激光经光纤输出至光纤耦合器中，The laser light generated by the laser is output to the fiber coupler through the fiber, 所述光纤耦合器接收激光器产生的激光并将激光耦合到输出光纤，The fiber coupler receives the laser light generated by the laser and couples the laser light to the output fiber, 所述准直器与所述光纤耦合器连接并输出激光照射测量区。The collimator is connected to the fiber coupler and outputs laser light to illuminate the measurement area. 3.根据权利要求1所述的发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数监测装置，其特征在于：3. The device for monitoring engine tail jet particulate matter parameters according to claim 1, wherein: 其中，所述光接收探测部包括滤波衰减器、汇光光纤耦合器、光纤、准直器、光栅、多个光电探测器以及光电探测处理器，Wherein, the light receiving detection part includes a filter attenuator, a light-collecting fiber coupler, an optical fiber, a collimator, a grating, a plurality of photodetectors, and a photoelectric detection processor, 所述滤波衰减器有滤光与无滤光两种可控工作模式，The filter attenuator has two controllable working modes: filter and no filter, 所述尾喷流辐射光、所述激光光源部产生的激光或两者混合光照射尾喷流测量区颗粒产生的颗粒散射光经所述滤波衰减器后进入光纤耦合器，The particle scattered light generated by the tail jet radiation light, the laser generated by the laser light source part, or the mixed light of the two irradiating the particles in the tail jet measurement area enters the fiber coupler after passing through the filter attenuator, 所述滤波衰减器与所述光纤耦合器设置在同一直线上，该直线与所述激光光源部发出激光的照射方向的角度为锐角，The filter attenuator and the optical fiber coupler are arranged on the same straight line, and the angle between the straight line and the irradiation direction of the laser light emitted by the laser light source part is an acute angle, 所述准直器与所述光纤耦合器通过光纤连接，将所述颗粒散射光进行准直后的准直激光照射在所述光栅上，The collimator is connected to the fiber coupler through an optical fiber, and the collimated laser light obtained by collimating the scattered light of the particles is irradiated on the grating, 所述光栅接收所述准直激光后按照波长分成多束分光，After receiving the collimated laser light, the grating is divided into multiple beam splitting according to the wavelength, 所述多个所述光电探测器分别接收多束所述分光后将光信号转变为电信号通过电缆输出，The plurality of the photodetectors respectively receive the multiple beams of the split light, and then convert the optical signal into an electrical signal and output it through a cable, 所述光电探测处理器采集多个所述光电探测器输出的所述电信号并将所述电信号转变为数字信号，获得不同波长光的强度，并输出至所述颗粒物监测处理部，并发出颗粒监测触发信号至所述颗粒三维成像部。The photoelectric detection processor collects the electrical signals output by a plurality of the photodetectors and converts the electrical signals into digital signals, obtains the intensities of light of different wavelengths, and outputs them to the particle monitoring processing unit, and sends out The particle monitoring triggers a signal to the particle three-dimensional imaging unit. 4.根据权利要求1所述的发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数监测装置，其特征在于：4. The device for monitoring engine tail jet particulate matter parameters according to claim 1, wherein: 其中，所述颗粒三维成像部包括至少两组光路、颗粒三维成像处理器以及触发器，Wherein, the three-dimensional particle imaging part includes at least two sets of optical paths, a three-dimensional particle imaging processor and a trigger, 每组光路上有光源、镜头与工业相机，Each group of light paths has a light source, a lens and an industrial camera. 所述触发器接收所述光接收探测部输出的颗粒监测触发信号后，触发所述颗粒三维成像处理器工作，从而控制所述光路上的光源、镜头以及工业相机的工作。After the trigger receives the particle monitoring trigger signal output by the light receiving detection part, it triggers the operation of the particle three-dimensional imaging processor, so as to control the operation of the light source, the lens and the industrial camera on the optical path. 5.根据权利要求3所述的发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数监测装置，其特征在于：5. The device for monitoring engine tail jet particulate matter parameters according to claim 3, wherein: 其中，所述颗粒物监测处理部连接所述激光控制器，用于控制入射激光的产生与关闭、波长及强度，Wherein, the particle monitoring processing part is connected to the laser controller, and is used to control the generation and shutdown, wavelength and intensity of incident laser light, 所述颗粒物监测处理部连接所述滤波衰减器，用于控制所述滤波衰减器的工作模式，The particle monitoring processing part is connected to the filter attenuator, and is used for controlling the working mode of the filter attenuator, 所述颗粒物监测处理部连接所述光电探测处理器，用于获取辐射光或散射光的强度，基于建立的发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数分析算法，同步得到尾喷流颗粒物参数。The particulate matter monitoring processing unit is connected to the photoelectric detection processor for acquiring the intensity of radiated light or scattered light, and based on the established engine trailing jet particulate matter parameter analysis algorithm, the trailing jet particulate matter parameters are obtained synchronously. 6.一种采用权利要求1-5中任意一种所述的发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数监测装置对发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数进行监测的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：6. A method for monitoring engine tail jet particulate matter parameters using the engine tail jet particulate matter parameter monitoring device described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, comprising the following steps: S1：将发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数监测装置设置在发动机尾喷流两侧；S1: Set the engine tail jet particulate matter parameter monitoring device on both sides of the engine tail jet; S2：确定发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数监测装置工作方式；S2: Determine the working mode of the engine tail jet particulate matter parameter monitoring device; S3：打开发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数监测装置，开展发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数监测；S3: Turn on the engine tail jet particulate matter parameter monitoring device to monitor engine tail jet particulate matter parameters; S4：基于建立的发动机尾喷流颗粒物分析算法来实时获得颗粒物粒径、浓度、组分等参数、三维图像与来源，从而通过尾喷流颗粒物参数评估发动机工作安全状态。S4: Based on the established engine tail jet particulate matter analysis algorithm, parameters such as particle size, concentration, composition, etc., as well as three-dimensional images and sources are obtained in real time, so as to evaluate the engine working safety state through the tail jet particulate matter parameters. 7.根据权利要求6所述的发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数监测方法，其特征在于：7. The method for monitoring engine tail jet particulate matter parameters according to claim 6, wherein: 其中，对应发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数监测装置采用的辐射测量、颗粒测量与同步测量三种工作方式，发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数监测方法包括三种方法：Among them, corresponding to the three working modes of radiation measurement, particle measurement and synchronous measurement adopted by the engine tail jet particulate matter parameter monitoring device, the engine tail jet particulate matter parameter monitoring method includes three methods: 对应发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数监测装置采用的辐射测量工作方式，发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数监测方法采用光接收探测部获得的尾喷流紫外、可见、红外波段不同波长尾喷流辐射光强度数据，数据具有尾喷流辐射连续特征与颗粒辐射特征谱线两种特征，将两种特征剥离：根据颗粒辐射特征谱线得到谱线波长、谱线强度参数，通过颗粒组分反演算法确定颗粒组分及浓度，根据辐射特征谱线波长、谱线强度、颗粒组分及浓度信息，通过颗粒来源识别算法分析得到颗粒来源；根据尾喷流辐射连续特征，通过尾喷流辐射温度、辐射率、辐射强度等辐射参数反演算法，获得尾喷流辐射温度、辐射率、辐射强度等辐射参数；进而通过尾喷流颗粒物参数评估发动机工作安全状态，Corresponding to the radiation measurement working method adopted by the engine tail jet particulate matter parameter monitoring device, the engine tail jet particulate matter parameter monitoring method adopts the tail jet radiation intensity data of different wavelengths in the ultraviolet, visible and infrared bands obtained by the light receiving detection unit. The data has two characteristics: the continuous feature of the tail jet radiation and the characteristic spectral line of the particle radiation. The two features are separated: the wavelength and intensity parameters of the spectral line are obtained according to the characteristic spectral line of the particle radiation, and the particle composition is determined by the particle composition inversion algorithm. According to the radiation characteristic spectral line wavelength, spectral line intensity, particle composition and concentration information, the particle source is analyzed by the particle source identification algorithm; The inversion algorithm of radiation parameters such as radiation intensity is used to obtain radiation parameters such as the radiation temperature, radiance rate, and radiation intensity of the wake jet; 对应发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数监测测量装置采用的颗粒测量工作方式，发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数监测方法采用光接收探测部获得的过滤尾喷流辐射光的不同波长散射激光的强度数据，为试验中光接收探测部探测获得的光信号，即为不同波长散射激光的强度，对于激光光源部的多个激光器，便有多个信号峰值，从而得到不同波长激光散射光强I，通过颗粒粒径与浓度参数同步反演算法，同步获得尾喷流颗粒粒径与浓度参数，进而通过尾喷流颗粒物参数评估发动机工作安全状态，Corresponding to the particle measurement working method adopted by the engine tail jet particulate matter parameter monitoring and measurement device, the engine tail jet particulate matter parameter monitoring method adopts the intensity data of the scattered laser light of different wavelengths obtained by filtering the tail jet radiation light obtained by the light receiving and detecting part, which is used in the test. The optical signal detected by the light receiving and detecting part is the intensity of scattered laser light with different wavelengths. For multiple lasers in the laser light source part, there are multiple signal peaks, so that the scattered light intensity I of different wavelengths of laser light can be obtained. Concentration parameter synchronous inversion algorithm, obtains the particle size and concentration parameters of the tail jet synchronously, and then evaluates the safety state of the engine through the particle parameters of the tail jet, 对应发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数监测装置采用的同步测量工作方式，发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数监测方法采用光接收探测部获得的不同波长的辐射光与散射激光混合光的强度数据，为试验中光接收探测部探测获得的光信号，即为不同波长的辐射光与散射激光混合光的强度，具有尾喷流辐射连续特征、颗粒辐射特征谱线与散射激光三种特征：根据颗粒辐射特征谱线得到谱线波长、谱线强度参数，通过颗粒组分反演算法确定颗粒组分及浓度，根据辐射特征谱线波长、谱线强度、颗粒组分及浓度信息，通过颗粒来源识别算法分析得到颗粒来源；根据尾喷流辐射连续特征，通过尾喷流辐射温度、辐射率、辐射强度等辐射参数反演算法，获得尾喷流辐射温度、辐射率、辐射强度等辐射参数；根据散射激光特征，为激光光源部的多个激光器造成的散射激光，从而可得到不同波长对应的混合光叠加光强I’，需要扣除混合光中的辐射光强度，从而得到准确的散射激光光强I：Corresponding to the synchronous measurement working method adopted by the engine tail jet particulate matter parameter monitoring device, the engine tail jet particulate matter parameter monitoring method adopts the intensity data of the mixed light of radiation light and scattered laser light of different wavelengths obtained by the light receiving detection part, which is the light receiving in the test. The optical signal detected by the detection part is the intensity of the mixed light of different wavelengths of radiation light and scattered laser light. The parameters of spectral line wavelength and spectral line intensity are used to determine the particle composition and concentration through the particle composition inversion algorithm. According to the radiation characteristic spectral line wavelength, spectral line intensity, particle composition and concentration information, the particle source identification algorithm is used to analyze the particle source. ; According to the continuous characteristics of the tail jet radiation, the radiation parameters such as the tail jet radiation temperature, radiance rate and radiation intensity are obtained through the inversion algorithm of radiation parameters such as the tail jet radiation temperature, radiance rate and radiation intensity; according to the scattered laser characteristics, The scattered laser light caused by multiple lasers in the laser light source part can obtain the superimposed light intensity I' of the mixed light corresponding to different wavelengths. It is necessary to deduct the radiant light intensity in the mixed light to obtain the accurate scattered laser light intensity I: I＝I’-Ir I=I'- Ir I’为试验测试光接收探测部获得的对应波长的光强度，Ir通过周边波长辐射光的强度数据插值得到的辐射基准光强，再结合初始光强I0，通过颗粒粒径与浓度参数同步反演算法，获得尾喷流颗粒粒径与浓度参数。由此，同步获得尾喷流颗粒粒径、浓度、组分、来源识别等颗粒参数与辐射温度、辐射率、辐射强度等辐射参数，进而通过尾喷流颗粒物参数评估发动机工作安全状态。I' is the light intensity of the corresponding wavelength obtained by the test light receiving and detecting part, and I r is the radiation reference light intensity obtained by interpolating the intensity data of the surrounding wavelength radiation light, combined with the initial light intensity I 0 , through the particle size and concentration parameters Synchronous inversion algorithm is used to obtain the parameters of particle size and concentration in the tail jet. In this way, particle parameters such as particle size, concentration, composition, and source identification of the tail jet particles and radiation parameters such as radiation temperature, radiance rate, and radiation intensity are simultaneously obtained, and then the engine operating safety state is evaluated through the tail jet particle parameters. 8.根据权利要求6所述的发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数监测方法，其特征在于：8. The method for monitoring engine tail jet particulate matter parameters according to claim 6, wherein: 其中，所述颗粒粒径与浓度参数同步反演算法是建立在颗粒角散射理论基础上，假设入射光为完全偏振光，观察点与散射颗粒的距离为L，入射光振动面与散射面之间的夹角为即偏振角φ，那么颗粒的总散射光强为Is。总散射光强Is是由两部分组成的：垂直于散射面上所产生的散射光强Ir和平行于散射面方向上所产生的散射光强Il，即Is＝Ir+Il，其中，Among them, the synchronous inversion algorithm of particle size and concentration parameters is based on the particle angle scattering theory. It is assumed that the incident light is fully polarized light, the distance between the observation point and the scattering particle is L, and the distance between the vibration surface of the incident light and the scattering surface is L. The angle between them is the polarization angle φ, then the total scattered light intensity of the particle is Is . The total scattered light intensity I s is composed of two parts: the scattered light intensity I r generated perpendicular to the scattering surface and the scattered light intensity I l generated in the direction parallel to the scattering surface, that is, I s =I r +I l , where,
Figure FDA0002412617290000071
Figure FDA0002412617290000071
Figure FDA0002412617290000072
Figure FDA0002412617290000072
 r为颗粒粒径；θ为散射角；s1(θ)和s2(θ)为振幅函数，与折射率m和无因次参量α有关，而与入射光的偏振角φ无关；λ为入射光波长；I0为入射激光光强，可认为是激光光源部输出的激光光强，r is the particle size; θ is the scattering angle; s 1 (θ) and s 2 (θ) are amplitude functions, which are related to the refractive index m and the dimensionless parameter α, but have nothing to do with the polarization angle φ of the incident light; λ is Incident light wavelength; I 0 is the incident laser light intensity, which can be considered as the laser light intensity output by the laser light source part, 在入射光为完全偏振光的情况下，得到的总散射光强Is为：When the incident light is fully polarized light, the total scattered light intensity I s obtained is:
Figure FDA0002412617290000073
Figure FDA0002412617290000073
 i1(θ)和i2(θ)为球形颗粒的强度函数，均与散射角θ、折射率m及无因次参量α有关，与入射光的偏振角φ无关，而无因次参量α只与入射光波长λ和颗粒粒径r有关，i 1 (θ) and i 2 (θ) are the intensity functions of spherical particles, which are related to the scattering angle θ, the refractive index m and the dimensionless parameter α, and have nothing to do with the polarization angle φ of the incident light, but the dimensionless parameter α It is only related to the incident light wavelength λ and particle size r, 总散射光强Is主要与散射角θ、折射率m、入射光波长λ和颗粒粒径r有关，The total scattered light intensity I s is mainly related to the scattering angle θ, refractive index m, incident light wavelength λ and particle size r, 通过测量不同波长入射光角散射强度，可建立不同波长λ1、λ2、λ3下的角散射光强Is,λ1、Is,λ2、Is,λ3与入射波长、颗粒粒径的关系：By measuring the angular scattering intensity of incident light at different wavelengths, the relationship between the angular scattered light intensity Is, λ1 , Is , λ2 , Is, λ3 and the incident wavelength and particle size at different wavelengths λ 1 , λ 2 , λ 3 can be established. relation:
Figure FDA0002412617290000081
Figure FDA0002412617290000081
 通过上述不同波长散射光方程的求解便可计算得到颗粒粒径r，The particle size r can be calculated by solving the above equations of scattered light with different wavelengths, 一旦得到粒径，便可通过角散射光强与颗粒数量浓度的定量关系得到颗粒数目浓度Nv：Once the particle size is obtained, the particle number concentration N v can be obtained from the quantitative relationship between the angular scattered light intensity and the particle number concentration:
Figure FDA0002412617290000082
Figure FDA0002412617290000082
 V为探测区域的体积。V is the volume of the detection area. 9.根据权利要求6所述的发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数监测方法，其特征在于：9. The method for monitoring engine tail jet particulate matter parameters according to claim 6, wherein: 其中，所述颗粒组分反演算法是建立在颗粒物在发动机高温尾喷流发射出足够强的紫外、可见或红外波段辐射光谱特征谱线，通过特征谱线确定颗粒组分，The particle composition inversion algorithm is based on the fact that the particles emit sufficiently strong ultraviolet, visible or infrared spectral characteristic spectral lines in the high-temperature tail jet of the engine, and the particle composition is determined by the characteristic spectral lines. 尾喷流颗粒的原子的外层电子正常状态下处于基态，当受到高温环境外界激发后，激发态的原子处于一种极不稳定的状态，外层电子会自发地从高能级跃迁到低能级，同时释放出光子。原子自发辐射频率ν与能级差(E1-E2)有关，满足：The outer electrons of the atoms of the tail jet particles are normally in the ground state. After being excited by the high temperature environment, the atoms in the excited state are in a very unstable state, and the outer electrons will spontaneously transition from high energy levels to low energy levels. , while releasing photons. The atomic spontaneous emission frequency ν is related to the energy level difference (E 1 -E 2 ) and satisfies: hν＝E1-E2 hν=E 1 -E 2 h为普朗克常数。h is Planck's constant. 当系统处于热平衡状态时，原子各能量定态间的分布服从玻尔兹曼分布：When the system is in thermal equilibrium, the distribution of atomic energy between stationary states obeys the Boltzmann distribution:
Figure FDA0002412617290000091
Figure FDA0002412617290000091
 Nn和N1分别为激发态和基态的原子数目，gn和g1分别为激发态和基态的原子数和统计权重，E1n为基态到激发态所需的激发能，k为玻尔兹曼常数，T为原子所处的温度。由此通过特征谱线波长与强度的分析可确定颗粒组分并得到组分浓度，N n and N 1 are the number of atoms in the excited state and the ground state, respectively, g n and g 1 are the atomic number and statistical weight of the excited state and the ground state, respectively, E 1n is the excitation energy required from the ground state to the excited state, and k is Bohr Zman's constant, where T is the temperature at which the atom is located. Therefore, the particle composition can be determined and the concentration of the composition can be obtained by analyzing the wavelength and intensity of the characteristic spectral line, 所述颗粒来源识别算法主要基于尾喷流辐射光谱聚类分析的K-均值聚类算法得到，The particle source identification algorithm is mainly obtained based on the K-means clustering algorithm of the tail jet radiation spectrum clustering analysis, K-均值聚类的基本思想为从含有大量固体颗粒物辐射光谱样本的数据集中随机选取k个数据样本作为初始聚类中心，统计出每个光谱样本与k个初始聚类中心的距离，将所有光谱数据划分到与其距离最近的聚类中心代表的类别中，根据新生成的各类中光谱样本的均值更新k个聚类中心。如果相邻迭代次数内聚类中心值的变化超过所设定的阈值，则依据新的聚类中心对所有光谱样本进行重新类别划分；若相邻迭代次数内聚类中心值的变化小于规定的阈值，则算法收敛，输出聚类结果，The basic idea of K-means clustering is to randomly select k data samples from a data set containing a large number of solid particle radiation spectral samples as the initial clustering centers, and count the distances between each spectral sample and the k initial clustering centers, and put all the The spectral data is divided into the categories represented by the nearest cluster centers, and the k cluster centers are updated according to the mean value of the newly generated spectral samples in each category. If the change of the cluster center value in the adjacent iteration times exceeds the set threshold, all spectral samples will be reclassified according to the new cluster center; if the change of the cluster center value in the adjacent iteration times is less than the specified threshold threshold, the algorithm converges and the clustering result is output, K-均值聚类算法流程如下：The flow of K-means clustering algorithm is as follows: (a)选择K-均值聚类的原始数据集，从中随机选取k个光谱样本作为初始聚类中心z1,z2,…,zk；(a) Select the original data set of K-means clustering, and randomly select k spectral samples from it as the initial cluster centers z 1 , z 2 ,...,z k ; (b)对所有光谱样本数据逐一计算它到k个凝聚点的距离(通常用欧氏距离作为样品到聚类中心的距离)，根据距离的大小将n个样品(或变量)分成k类，欧氏距离计算公式如下：(b) Calculate the distances from all spectral sample data to k aggregation points one by one (usually the Euclidean distance is used as the distance from the sample to the cluster center), and divide the n samples (or variables) into k categories according to the size of the distance, The Euclidean distance calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002412617290000092
Figure FDA0002412617290000092
 xi为样本x的第i个变量的变量值，yi为样本y的i个变量的变量值。若光谱样本到它原来所在类的距离最近，则它仍在原类，否则将它移动到和它距离最近的那一类；x i is the variable value of the i-th variable of the sample x, and yi is the variable value of the i -th variable of the sample y. If the spectral sample is closest to its original class, it is still in the original class, otherwise it will be moved to the class closest to it; (c)计算k类中每一类数据的聚类中心，若该聚类中心与初始聚类中心不重合则以该聚类中心为新的聚类中心并重复步骤(b)直到所有的光谱样本都不能移动为止，或者说每个聚类中心不再变化为止，则计算过程终止，由此识别发动机尾喷流颗粒物来源，(c) Calculate the cluster center of each type of data in the k categories. If the cluster center does not coincide with the initial cluster center, take the cluster center as the new cluster center and repeat step (b) until all spectra are Until the samples can no longer move, or until each cluster center no longer changes, the calculation process is terminated, thereby identifying the source of the particulate matter in the engine tail jet. 通过大量尾喷流辐射光谱聚类分析，可获得颗粒来源识别的特定波长特征，从而不需要获取所有波段的辐射光波长强度数据，只需要若干确定波长的数据即可，还可以进一步简化发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数监测装置与颗粒来源识别算法。Through clustering analysis of a large number of tail jet radiation spectra, specific wavelength characteristics for particle source identification can be obtained, so it is not necessary to obtain the wavelength intensity data of radiation light in all bands, only a few data of certain wavelengths are required, and the engine tail can be further simplified. Jet particle parameter monitoring device and particle source identification algorithm. 10.根据权利要求6所述的发动机尾喷流颗粒物参数监测方法，其特征在于：10. The method for monitoring engine tail jet particulate matter parameters according to claim 6, wherein: 当监测到颗粒物时，触发三维成像部获得颗粒三维图像，三维重构算法基于多组光路上的颗粒投影数字图像重构得到，When particles are detected, the three-dimensional imaging unit is triggered to obtain a three-dimensional image of the particle, and the three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm is reconstructed based on the digital images of the particles projected on multiple groups of optical paths. 若采用两组光路，两组光路设置成垂直，其中一组光路得到水平投影，包含着水平方向颗粒的外形特征，另外一组光路得到竖直投影，包含着竖直方向颗粒的外形特征，通过水平与竖直方向投影的复原，就能重构出颗粒三维图像，If two sets of optical paths are used, and the two sets of optical paths are set to be vertical, one of the optical paths obtains the horizontal projection and contains the shape features of the particles in the horizontal direction, and the other set of the optical paths obtains the vertical projection and includes the shape features of the particles in the vertical direction. The restoration of the horizontal and vertical projections can reconstruct the three-dimensional image of the particles, 若采用多组光路，可获得更多光路方向上的颗粒投影图像，从而可以更精确的重构出颗粒三维图像，If multiple sets of optical paths are used, more projection images of the particles in the direction of the optical paths can be obtained, so that the three-dimensional images of the particles can be reconstructed more accurately. 得到颗粒三维图像后，根据图像处理统计出颗粒粒径分布与颗粒计数浓度参数，After obtaining the three-dimensional image of the particles, the particle size distribution and particle count concentration parameters are calculated according to the image processing. 根据颗粒的表面形态，结合发动机工作工程，从而确认颗粒的来源。Based on the surface morphology of the particles, combined with engine work engineering, the source of the particles can be identified.
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