CN111205064B

CN111205064B - Building cup firing process

Info

Publication number: CN111205064B
Application number: CN202010054410.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蔡炳盛; 蔡威; 蔡杰
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-01-17
Filing date: 2020-01-17
Publication date: 2022-02-15
Anticipated expiration: 2040-01-17
Also published as: CN111205064A

Abstract

The invention discloses a cup building firing process, which comprises the following steps: preparing a blank raw material and glaze slip, carrying out blank drawing, forming and trimming on the blank raw material to obtain a blank, glazing, carrying out primary firing, putting the qualified blank into the kiln again for roasting, naturally cooling, and taking out of the kiln. The invention has clear process flows such as formula, firing atmosphere, temperature curve and the like, is easy to control, has good stability and higher yield. The black glaze layer of the burnt rabbit hair cup has uniform and fine hair which is clear, dense, radial and beautiful, and has extremely high artistic value and appreciation value.

Description

Building cup firing process

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of porcelain, in particular to a firing process for building a pot.

Background

The Bian is named as Jian Bian because its origin is in Song Jianzhou Fujian county, which is prosperous in late Song of North and in early and middle Song of south China, and is used as tea set for royalty in Song Dynasty.

The rabbit hair cup is named as rabbit hair cup because yellow-brown silk drooping stripes are penetrated in a black and white glaze layer and are like rabbit hair.

The process for preparing the rabbit hair cup is low in yield and has the following limitations: firstly, the selection of the formula and the control of the temperature are not clear, the firing temperature is high (up to 1300 ℃), the energy consumption is large, and the following defects are often generated: cracking a blank, sticking a glaze material to the bottom, jumping glaze on the glaze surface, shrinking glaze and the like; second, rabbit hair does not show or become unclear, is rare or too dense, has low yield (yield is generally 20-40%), and hardly produces rabbit hair with beautiful streaks.

If the fired cup is cracked, contracted, strange and abnormal in shape of the hair, too thin and uneven in distribution or too compact to be connected into one piece, and the like, the cup belongs to a defective product, is generally smashed and damaged, and does not flow into the market, so that huge mineral resources and electric power resource waste (most of raw materials in the blank and the glaze belong to mineral resources) and labor cost waste can be caused.

Therefore, there is a need in the art to develop a cup-making process with a good appearance and a high yield.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a cup-building firing process which is clear in process flow and can be used for preparing a cup-building with attractive appearance and high yield.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the cup building and firing process is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a blank raw material and glaze slip;

the green body raw material is prepared by the following method: mixing, crushing and elutriating 2-5 parts by weight of red mud, 2-5 parts by weight of white mud and 15-25 parts by weight of field mud, sieving with a 80-100-mesh sieve, performing filter pressing, adding 0.2-0.3 part by weight of leaf powder, refining mud and ageing for 10-15 days to obtain a blank raw material;

the leaf powder is prepared by pulverizing dry maple leaves into 80-100 meshes; the addition of the leaf powder can increase the content of humic acid substances, accelerate the staling, shorten the staling time, improve the viscosity of the pug and improve the forming performance;

the glaze slip is prepared by the following method: mixing 80 parts by weight of glaze stone, 30 parts by weight of potash feldspar, 10 parts by weight of talc, 20 parts by weight of limestone, 5 parts by weight of calcite, 1 part by weight of iron oxide red, 10 parts by weight of Taihu mud and 5 parts by weight of yellow mud, adding 1.2 weight times of water, grinding in a ball mill, and sieving with a 220-230-mesh sieve to obtain glaze slurry;

wherein the red mud is obtained from the pillow ridge of Shuijing village in Jianyang district of Nanping City of Fujian province, and the white mud is obtained from the Shuijing village in Jizhuannan village in Jianyang district of Nanping City of Fujian province; the field mud and yellow mud are obtained from the Shuijing town of Jianyang district in Nanping City of Fujian province; the glaze stone is taken from Nanlincun of Jianyang area in Nanping city of Fujian province;

the yellow mud is added, so that the blank glaze binding property is improved, and glaze is prevented from falling; the lake Tai mud can improve the fluidity of the glaze, reduce the melting point of the glaze and is easier to generate hairs; the glaze slurry is fine (passing through a sieve with 220 and 230 meshes), the firing temperature of the building cup can be reduced, the energy is saved, and the efficiency is high;

(2) blank raw materials are subjected to blank drawing, forming and trimming to obtain blanks, and the blanks are dried to 6-7 days;

(3) glazing: pouring the glaze slip into the body, staying for 5-7s, reversely buckling the body, soaking in the glaze slip for 5-7s, not glazing the outer bottom of the body, and drying in the air;

(4) first burning: placing the glazed and dried blank into a kiln for roasting, uniformly raising the temperature of the kiln to 900 ℃ below zero through 6 hours from normal temperature, stopping the kiln, cooling, and removing unqualified products such as cracks and deformation;

glazing before the first firing can solve the defect that glaze slip is easy to shrink when being thin.

(5) And putting the qualified green body into the kiln again for roasting, wherein the roasting is carried out by the following stages:

the first stage is as follows: the temperature of the kiln is increased from normal temperature to 300 ℃ at a constant speed after 40 min; the temperature of the kiln is increased from 300 ℃ to 900 ℃ at a constant speed for 90 min;

and a second stage: the temperature of the kiln is raised from 900 ℃ to 1200 ℃ at a constant speed for 150 min; during the period, firewood is added at 1120 ℃, 200g of firewood is added in per cubic meter of kiln space, and the firewood is added again at intervals of 10 min; by adding the firewood in such a way, the hair can be displayed, and bubbles in the blank are reduced.

The temperature of the kiln is uniformly increased from 1200 ℃ to 1250 ℃ for 90 min;

and a third stage: keeping the temperature of 1250 ℃ for 2 hours and 45 minutes, when the temperature is kept to 2 hours, throwing the firewood oil according to the amount of 500g per cubic meter of kiln space, throwing the firewood oil according to the amount of 550g per cubic meter of kiln space, throwing the firewood oil according to the amount of 600g per cubic meter of kiln space, and throwing the firewood oil for 15 minutes;

a fourth stage: the furnace is shut down, the furnace door of the furnace is opened, the temperature in the furnace is quickly reduced, the brightness of the glaze surface of the building cup can be improved, and air holes are reduced. When the temperature of the kiln is reduced to 1180 ℃, closing the kiln door, throwing the firewood according to the amount of 80g per cubic meter of kiln space, throwing once every 3min for 7 times, and from the 2 nd time, gradually reducing the amount of the firewood according to 5g per cubic meter of kiln space each time;

the diesel oil is added according to the third and fourth stages, thereby greatly reducing glaze pores, having better glaze vitrification effect, bright and translucent glaze and golden and moist edge.

The fifth stage: naturally cooling and drawing out the kiln.

In another embodiment, step (5) is replaced with: and putting the qualified green body into the kiln again for roasting, wherein the roasting is carried out by the following stages:

and a second stage: the temperature of the kiln is raised from 900 ℃ to 1200 ℃ at a constant speed for 150 min;

and a third stage: keeping the temperature of 1200 ℃ for 3h, and when the temperature reaches 2h, adding 250g of diesel oil into each cubic meter of kiln space, wherein the diesel oil is added once every 10min for 3 times;

a fourth stage: and (5) stopping the furnace, naturally cooling, and discharging from the kiln.

In another embodiment, the fourth stage of step (5) is replaced by: stopping the furnace, opening the furnace door of the furnace, closing the furnace door of the furnace when the temperature of the furnace is reduced to 1180 ℃, throwing the firewood according to the amount of 80g per cubic meter of furnace space, throwing once every 3min for 7 times, and beginning from the 2 nd time, gradually reducing the amount of the firewood every time according to 5g per cubic meter of furnace space; opening the firewood feeding port after the last feeding for 2min, keeping for 3min, reducing the reduction atmosphere, and then sealing the firewood feeding port.

The firewood of the invention, also called pine root, pine root and pine wood, is rich in turpentine and can be burnt violently at high temperature. The pine firewood is thrown from a firewood throwing port of the kiln, the size of the firewood throwing port corresponds to the space of the kiln, and the firewood throwing port with the square meter of 0.005 is adopted in the space of the kiln with the square meter of 1 cubic meter. If no special description exists, the firewood feeding port of the kiln is opened only when the firewood is fed, and is closed at other times.

After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the following advantages:

the invention has clear process flows such as formula, firing atmosphere, temperature curve and the like, is easy to control, has good stability and higher yield. The black glaze layer of the burnt rabbit hair cup has uniform and fine hair which is clear, dense, radial and beautiful, and has extremely high artistic value and appreciation value.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a photograph showing an example of a cup according to example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a photograph showing an example of a cup according to example 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a photograph showing an example of a cup according to example 3 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

In the invention, all parts and percentages are weight units, and all equipment, raw materials and the like can be purchased from the market or are commonly used in the industry, if not specified. The methods in the following examples are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.

Example 1

(1) preparing a blank raw material and glaze slip;

the green body raw material is prepared by the following method: mixing, crushing and elutriating 4 parts by weight of red mud, 3 parts by weight of white mud and 20 parts by weight of field mud, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, performing filter pressing, adding 0.2 part by weight of leaf powder, refining mud and aging for 15 days to obtain a blank raw material;

the leaf powder is prepared by crushing dry maple leaves into 100 meshes;

the glaze slip is prepared by the following method: mixing 80 parts by weight of glaze stone, 30 parts by weight of potash feldspar, 10 parts by weight of talc, 20 parts by weight of limestone, 5 parts by weight of calcite, 1 part by weight of iron oxide red, 10 parts by weight of Taihu mud and 5 parts by weight of yellow mud, adding 1.2 times by weight of water, putting the mixture into a ball mill, grinding the mixture, and then sieving the ground mixture through a 220-mesh sieve to obtain glaze slurry;

(4) first burning: placing the glazed and dried green body into a kiln for roasting, uniformly raising the temperature of the kiln from normal temperature to 850 ℃ after 6 hours, stopping the kiln, cooling, and removing unqualified products such as cracks and deformation;

and a second stage: the temperature of the kiln is raised from 900 ℃ to 1200 ℃ at a constant speed for 150 min; during the period, firewood is added at 1120 ℃, 200g of firewood is added in per cubic meter of kiln space, and the firewood is added again at intervals of 10 min;

a fourth stage: stopping the furnace, opening the furnace door of the furnace, closing the furnace door of the furnace when the temperature of the furnace is reduced to 1180 ℃, throwing the firewood according to the amount of 80g per cubic meter of furnace space, throwing once every 3min for 7 times, and beginning from the 2 nd time, gradually reducing the amount of the firewood every time according to 5g per cubic meter of furnace space;

the fifth stage: naturally cooling and drawing out the kiln.

Referring to fig. 1, the cup obtained in this example is a golden-mouthed rabbit hair cup, the glaze is bright and translucent, the pores are few, the edge of the cup is golden and moist, and the cup is not dry; the black glaze layer has fine and uniform hair, which is clear, dense, radial and beautiful.

In this embodiment, the yield is about 70-85%.

Example 2

The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that:

replacing the step (5) with: and putting the qualified green body into the kiln again for roasting, wherein the roasting is carried out by the following stages:

Referring to fig. 2, the rabbit hair cup obtained in this example is a hare hair cup, the black glaze layer is rough and simple, has uniform and fine hairs, is clear, dense and uniform, and is radial, as long as the hare hair on the hare, and is slender, stiff and upright, and rich in ancient rhymes.

In this embodiment, the yield is about 75-90%.

Example 3

The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that:

replacing the fourth stage of the step (5) with: stopping the furnace, opening the furnace door of the furnace, closing the furnace door of the furnace when the temperature of the furnace is reduced to 1180 ℃, throwing the firewood according to the amount of 80g per cubic meter of furnace space, throwing once every 3min for 7 times, and beginning from the 2 nd time, gradually reducing the amount of the firewood every time according to 5g per cubic meter of furnace space; opening the firewood feeding port after the last feeding for 2min, keeping for 3min, reducing the reduction atmosphere, and then sealing the firewood feeding port.

The cup obtained in the embodiment is a Mallotus furetianus cup, the ground glaze color is silver blue, and is slightly filigree, the spots are circular or oval, are different in size, are approximately glossy yellow brown, are distributed or dense or sparse, are like boiling oil drops, and are sparkling like oil beads dripped on water surface.

In this embodiment, the yield is about 70-85%.

In the above examples 1-3, wherein the red mud is obtained from the pillow ridge of Jizhen village, Shuizhou, Jianyang, Nanping city, Fujian province, and the white mud is obtained from the Jizhen village, Shuizhou, Jianyang, Nanping city, Fujian province; the field mud and yellow mud are obtained from the Shuijing town of Jianyang district in Nanping City of Fujian province; the glaze stone is obtained from Nanlincun of Jianyang area in Nanping city of Fujian province.

The glaze stone mainly comprises the following components in percentage by weight: SiO 2₂ 60-65％，Al₂O₃ 18-20％，Fe₂O₃8-10％。

The building cup is very sensitive to the firing process steps and parameters, the appearance and other characteristics of the final product of the building cup can be greatly influenced even if the building cup is failed to prepare due to small range change of the process steps or parameters, and the inventor prepares the beautiful building cup after a large amount of experimental screening and optimization such as selection of raw material components of a blank glaze, a firing curve in the roasting process, the amount of diesel oil and the time of diesel oil. Hereinafter, only a few examples of comparative examples will be described.

Comparative example 1

This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: replacing the steps (3) and (4) with:

(3) placing the blank body into a kiln for roasting, uniformly raising the temperature of the kiln from normal temperature to 800-plus-one temperature of 900 ℃ after 6 hours, stopping the kiln, cooling, and removing unqualified products such as cracks and deformation;

(4) glazing: pouring the glaze slip into the body, staying for 5-7s, reversely buckling the body, soaking in the glaze slip for 5-7s, not glazing the outer bottom of the body, and drying in the air;

(5) the green body was placed in a kiln for firing, the firing stage being the same as in example 1.

The cup obtained by the comparative example has serious glaze shrinkage and low yield (about 30-45%, the glaze shrinkage is defective and needs to be scrapped).

Comparative example 2

This comparative example differs from example 1 in that:

the glaze slip is prepared by the following method: mixing 80 parts by weight of glaze stone, 30 parts by weight of potash feldspar, 10 parts by weight of talc, 20 parts by weight of limestone, 5 parts by weight of calcite, 1 part by weight of iron oxide red and 5 parts by weight of yellow mud, adding 1.2 times by weight of water, grinding in a ball mill, and sieving with a 220-mesh sieve to obtain glaze slurry;

the cup obtained by the comparison example has sparse glaze surface, and lacks of flexibility and aesthetic feeling.

Comparative example 3

This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: in the step (5), the step (c),

and a third stage: keeping the temperature of 1250 ℃ for 2 hours and 45 minutes, when the temperature is kept to 2 hours, throwing the firewood in an amount of 500g per cubic meter of kiln space, and throwing once every 15 minutes for 3 times;

a fourth stage: stopping the furnace, opening the furnace door of the furnace, closing the furnace door when the temperature of the furnace is reduced to 1180 ℃, reducing the temperature of the furnace to 1180 ℃, throwing the firewood oil according to the amount of 80g per cubic meter of the furnace space, and throwing once every 3min for 7 times;

the cup obtained by the comparative example has more glaze pores than that of the cup obtained by the embodiment 1, and the vitrification effect and the transparency of the glaze are not as good as those of the cup obtained by the embodiment 1.

Comparative example 4

and a second stage: the temperature of the kiln is raised from 900 ℃ to 1200 ℃ at a constant speed for 150 min; the temperature of the kiln is uniformly increased from 1200 ℃ to 1250 ℃ for 90 min;

the foam rate of the green body of the cup obtained by the comparative example is increased compared with that of the cup obtained by the example 1, and the hair is fuzzy and not obvious enough.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. The cup building and firing process is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a blank raw material and glaze slip;

the leaf powder is prepared by pulverizing dry maple leaves into 80-100 meshes;

wherein the red mud is obtained from the pillow ridge of Jizhen village in Jianyang district of Nanping, Fujian province, and the white mud is obtained from the Jizhen nan village in Jianyang district of Nanping, Fujian province; the field mud and yellow mud are obtained from the Shuijing town of Jianyang district in Nanping City of Fujian province; the glaze stone is taken from Nanlincun of Jianyang area in Nanping city of Fujian province;

(4) first burning: placing the glazed and dried blank into a kiln for roasting, uniformly raising the temperature of the kiln to 900 ℃ with 800 ℃ after 6 hours from normal temperature, stopping the kiln, cooling, and removing broken and deformed unqualified products;

the fifth stage: naturally cooling and drawing out the kiln.

2. The constructive firing process of claim 1, wherein: the green body raw material is prepared by the following method: mixing, crushing and elutriating 4 parts by weight of red mud, 3 parts by weight of white mud and 20 parts by weight of field mud, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, performing filter pressing, adding 0.2 part by weight of leaf powder, refining mud and aging for 15 days to obtain a blank raw material; the leaf powder is prepared by pulverizing dry maple leaves into 100 meshes.

3. The constructive firing process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: replacing the step (5) with: and putting the qualified green body into the kiln again for roasting, wherein the roasting is carried out by the following stages:

4. The constructive firing process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: replacing the fourth stage of the step (5) with: stopping the furnace, opening the furnace door of the furnace, closing the furnace door of the furnace when the temperature of the furnace is reduced to 1180 ℃, throwing the firewood according to the amount of 80g per cubic meter of furnace space, throwing once every 3min for 7 times, and beginning from the 2 nd time, gradually reducing the amount of the firewood every time according to 5g per cubic meter of furnace space; opening the firewood feeding port after the last feeding for 2min, continuing for 3min, and then sealing the firewood feeding port.