CN111204891B - Centrifugal vortex type ballast water filtering method with self-adaptive cleaning function - Google Patents
Centrifugal vortex type ballast water filtering method with self-adaptive cleaning function Download PDFInfo
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- CN111204891B CN111204891B CN202010064101.0A CN202010064101A CN111204891B CN 111204891 B CN111204891 B CN 111204891B CN 202010064101 A CN202010064101 A CN 202010064101A CN 111204891 B CN111204891 B CN 111204891B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/38—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/03—Pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
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Abstract
The invention relates to a centrifugal vortex type ballast water filtering method with a self-adaptive cleaning function, and a ballast water filtering device for realizing the method comprises the following steps: a filter cartridge assembly: the filter comprises two cascaded conical vertical filter cylinders, wherein internal spiral threads are arranged on the inner surfaces of the conical vertical filter cylinders; a water pump: the front end of the inlet of the first-stage conical vertical filter cylinder is provided with a filter; a filter screen cartridge: the water outlet is arranged at the water outlet of the second-stage conical vertical filter cylinder; dirty subassembly of collection: comprises a sewage discharge pipeline which is simultaneously communicated with a sewage discharge outlet of the two-stage conical vertical filter cylinder, a sewage discharge valve arranged at the sewage discharge outlet, a sewage suction pump arranged on the sewage discharge pipeline and a sewage collector; a pressure control assembly: the self-adaptive control method is used for realizing self-adaptive control of the opening of the sewage discharge valve at the sewage discharge port, the power of the water suction pump and the power of the sewage suction pump. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of effective separation of large-particle impurities, no by-product after separation, high ballast efficiency, physical centrifugation, high automation degree, simple operation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of marine environmental protection, in particular to a centrifugal vortex type ballast water filtering method with a self-adaptive cleaning function.
Background
During the sailing process of the ship, ballast is an indispensable state under the influence of ship stability and cargo loading conditions. When the ship is filled with ballast water, marine organisms enter the ballast tank along with seawater and are discharged in a destination sea area after the voyage is finished. During this process marine organisms can transfer with the ballast water from one sea area to another, causing the transmission of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens.
At present, the international ballast water treatment technology mainly comprises: three methods, physical, chemical and biological. The physical method mainly adopts a multi-stage filter screen to filter impurities in water, however, the method is easy to cause filter screen blockage and reduce the flow velocity of seawater in a pipeline; the chemical method mainly adopts chemical substances to kill organisms in seawater, and the method can cause chemical pollution; the biological method is to destroy aquatic organisms by introducing carnivorous fish, but the method still stays in theory and is not specifically practiced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a centrifugal vortex-type ballast water filtering method with an adaptive cleaning function.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
A centrifugal vortex type ballast water filtering method with a self-adaptive cleaning function is used for filtering and treating ballast water of a ship, and is characterized in that a ballast water filtering device for realizing the method comprises:
a filter cartridge assembly: the device is composed of two cascaded conical vertical filter cylinders, wherein the inner surface of each conical vertical filter cylinder is provided with internal spiral threads for separating dirt through water flow vortex;
a water pump: the seawater treatment device is arranged at the front end of the inlet of the first-stage conical vertical filter cylinder and is used for pumping seawater to be treated into the first-stage conical vertical filter cylinder;
a filter screen cartridge: the water outlet is arranged at the water outlet of the second-stage conical vertical filter cylinder and is used for realizing final filtration;
dirty subassembly of collection: comprises a sewage discharge pipeline which is simultaneously communicated with a sewage discharge outlet of the two-stage conical vertical filter cylinder, a sewage discharge valve arranged at the sewage discharge outlet, a sewage suction pump arranged on the sewage discharge pipeline and a sewage collector;
a pressure control assembly: the self-adaptive control device is used for detecting the pressure difference between the water inlet and the water outlet of each stage of tapered vertical filter cylinder to realize the self-adaptive control of the opening degree of a sewage discharge valve at the sewage discharge port, the power of a water suction pump and the power of a sewage suction pump.
Each stage of conical vertical filter cylinder comprises a conical cylinder body, a water inlet arranged on the side surface of the upper part of the conical cylinder body, a water outlet arranged at the center of the annular sealing hanging plate at the top of the conical cylinder body and a sewage outlet arranged at the bottom of the conical cylinder body.
A first-stage blow-down valve is arranged at a blow-down port of the first-stage tapered vertical filter cylinder, and a second-stage blow-down valve is arranged at a blow-down port of the second-stage tapered vertical filter cylinder.
The water outlet of the first-stage conical vertical filter cylinder is communicated with the water inlet of the second-stage conical vertical filter cylinder through a communicating pipe to realize cascade connection.
The radius of the first-stage tapered vertical filter cylinder is larger than that of the second-stage tapered vertical filter cylinder.
The water outlet of the filter screen filter cylinder is provided with a booster water pump for providing necessary water pressure in the ballast process and ensuring the normal operation of the device.
The pressure control assembly comprises a controller with a human-computer interaction display screen and water pressure sensors respectively arranged at a water inlet and a water outlet of each stage of tapered vertical filter cylinder, the controller is respectively connected with the water pressure sensors, the blow-down valve, the water suction pump and the sewage suction pump and used for acquiring a pressurization signal and a pressurization speed signal according to a water pressure value and a set water pressure value and respectively generating control signals of the opening degree of the blow-down valve, the power of the water pump and the power of the sewage suction pump.
The filtering process of the filtering device is as follows:
internal spiral threads are arranged on the inner surfaces of the water suction pump and the conical vertical filter cylinder, a water flow vortex rotating at a high speed is manufactured in the conical cylinder, floccule impurities in seawater to be filtered rotate in the water flow vortex, are thrown out of the center of the vortex by the centrifugal force of the floccule impurities, fall around the vortex and are condensed to fall under the action of gravity, the relatively clean seawater is pumped out of the vortex through two-stage centrifugal filtration, and the clean seawater is finally separated and is ballasted in a cabin by taking the filter cartridge as a final filtration means;
The method comprises the steps that separated impurities are continuously discharged in the filtering process, the controller adaptively adjusts the sewage discharge speed according to the accumulation degree of the impurities, water pressure difference values of water inlets and water outlets of all levels of conical vertical filter cartridges are generated according to water pressure sensors arranged at the water inlets and the water outlets of all levels of conical vertical filter cartridges, the water pressure difference values are compared with preset water pressure difference values, the errors are used as feedback control signals, the opening degree of a sewage discharge valve is adjusted through PID control, and the impurities in the filter cartridges are dynamically discharged in real time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) the invention can effectively separate large particle impurities by a physical and rotary separation technology and utilizing a centrifugal force principle, is suitable for water areas with high turbidity and serious impurities, adopts a pure physical method to separate the impurities, has no by-products after separation, and has low influence on the environment.
2) Compared with the traditional pure filter screen method, the water pressure in the ballast process has no pressure drop phenomenon caused by filter screen blockage, the ballast process is smooth, and the ballast efficiency is high.
3) Through the physical centrifugation method, but autosegregation impurity, filth open the blowoff valve and can discharge the filth, need not artifical clean filter screen, and the device is high-efficient convenient.
4) A plurality of groups of pressure sensors are introduced at the water inlet and the water outlet, a full-automatic valve is adopted, a controller controls a water pump, a blow-down valve and the like in real time, the device has high automation degree, and blow-down can be processed in an online self-adaptive manner.
5) The controller is internally provided with a microprocessor for real-time operation and recording data acquired by the sensor, the data is fed back to an operator through a liquid crystal screen, and the visual man-machine interaction method is convenient in parameter setting and simple in equipment operation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the control system of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a control flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a tapered vertical filter cartridge.
The symbols in the figure illustrate:
1. the filter comprises a first-stage conical vertical filter cylinder, a second-stage conical vertical filter cylinder, a first-stage blow-down valve, a second-stage blow-down valve, a sewage suction pump, a communicating pipe, a filter screen and a filter cylinder, wherein the first-stage conical vertical filter cylinder is 2, the second-stage conical vertical filter cylinder is 3, the first-stage blow-down valve is 4, the second-stage blow-down valve is 5, and the filter screen is 6.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, the present invention provides a centrifugal scroll-type ballast water filtering method with an adaptive cleaning function, and a ballast water filtering apparatus implementing the method includes:
a filter cartridge assembly: the device is composed of two cascaded conical vertical filter cylinders, wherein the inner surface of each conical vertical filter cylinder is provided with internal spiral threads for separating dirt through water flow vortex;
a water pump: the seawater treatment device is arranged at the front end of the inlet of the first-stage conical vertical filter cylinder 1 and is used for pumping seawater to be treated into the first-stage conical vertical filter cylinder 1;
A filter screen cartridge 7: the water outlet is arranged at the water outlet of the second-stage tapered vertical filter cylinder 2 for realizing the final filtration;
dirty subassembly of collection: comprises a sewage discharge pipeline which is simultaneously communicated with a sewage discharge port of the two-stage conical vertical filter cylinder, a sewage discharge valve arranged at the sewage discharge port, a sewage suction pump 5 arranged on the sewage discharge pipeline and a sewage collector;
a pressure control assembly: the self-adaptive control device is used for detecting the pressure difference between the water inlet and the water outlet of each stage of tapered vertical filter cylinder to realize the self-adaptive control of the opening degree of a sewage discharge valve at the sewage discharge port, the power of a water suction pump and the power of a sewage suction pump 5.
The filter cartridge assembly comprises two stages of vertical type conical filter cartridges, the two sets of filter cartridges are similar in structure but different in size, the radius of the first stage of conical vertical type filter cartridge 1 is larger than that of the second stage of conical vertical type filter cartridge 2, the water inlet of the first stage of conical vertical type filter cartridge 1 is used as the water inlet of the whole device, the water outlet of the second stage of conical vertical type filter cartridge 2 is connected with a filter screen filter cartridge 7, the filter screen filter cartridge 7 is externally connected with a booster water pump, and filtered seawater is discharged through the booster water pump. An annular hanging plate is installed on the upper portion of each stage of conical vertical filter cylinder and serves as a sealing upper cover, a cylindrical water outlet is welded at the circle center of the annular hanging plate, the hanging plate and the conical barrel body are of a detachable screw connection structure and are connected through six bolts at the top, internal spiral threads are hung on the inner wall of the filter cylinder through a hook cutter, a sewage discharge outlet is formed in the bottom of the conical barrel, the two stages of conical vertical filter cylinders are connected through a communicating pipe 6, and differential pressure sensors are arranged at the positions of a water inlet and a water outlet of each stage of conical vertical filter cylinders.
The device also comprises a controller with a human-computer interaction display screen, a drain valve is arranged at the drain outlet of the two-stage filter cylinder, the valve receives signals from the controller to control the opening degree, the drain pipes of the two-stage filter cylinder are communicated, a sewage suction pump 5 is arranged at the rear end of the communication position, the working power of the sewage suction pump 5 is controlled by the controller, and finally impurities are discharged into the sewage collector through the sewage suction pump 5.
The filtering principle of the invention is that a water flow vortex rotating at high speed is manufactured in a cylinder through a water suction pump and an internal spiral thread of a conical cylinder body, floccules and various impurities in seawater rotate in the vortex, are thrown out of the center of the vortex by the centrifugal force of the cylinder body, fall around the vortex, are condensed and fall off under the action of gravity, because the masses of the floccules and the impurities are different, larger particles have large centrifugal force and are firstly thrown out of the center of the vortex, smaller particles can continuously rise, a second-stage conical barrel with smaller radius is also arranged, and after the particles with small mass enter the upper layer of the vortex, the particles enter centrum with smaller diameter and become vortex with smaller diameter, the peripheral speed is further increased until the particles are thrown out of the center of the vortex by the centrifugal force of the cylinder body and fall into the periphery for condensation, the area of the central part of the vortex is relatively clean seawater all the time, and the seawater is filtered by two-stage centrifugation, the relatively clean seawater is pumped out of the vortex, and a more compact filter element is adopted as a final filtering means, so that the clean seawater is separated and is loaded in the cabin.
As shown in figure 3, the invention adopts an online sewage disposal method, various separated impurities are continuously discharged while ballast water is treated, and the controller controls ballast and sewage disposal speed based on pressure difference detection to ensure the high-efficiency operation of the device, and the specific working principle is as follows:
the pressure difference reflects the accumulation degree of impurities, if maximum pressure is always used for sewage discharge, the treatment efficiency of ballast water can be greatly reduced, the method adopted by the embodiment is that the sewage discharge speed is self-adaptively adjusted according to the accumulation degree of the impurities, water pressure sensors are arranged at the water inlet and outlet of the first-stage tapered vertical filter cylinder 1 and the water inlet and outlet of the second-stage tapered vertical filter cylinder 2 to generate water pressure difference values of the water inlet and outlet of each stage, the water pressure difference values and the water pressure difference values of the water inlet and outlet are actually measured by comparing the water pressure difference values preset by a user, the error is used as a feedback control signal, the opening degree of a sewage discharge valve is adjusted by a control method, and the impurities in the filter cylinders are dynamically discharged in real time. Through mechanism analysis, the system is an integral system, and the device is controlled by adopting but not limited to a PID controller.
When the device works, untreated seawater enters the conical barrel body from the water inlet and forms vortex. The impurities are swirled around, increased in accumulated mass and fall down by gravity into a drain outlet. In the middle area of the conical cylinder, relatively clean seawater is gathered at the center of the vortex and enters a smaller second-stage conical barrel through the communicating pipe. Because the volume of toper barrel reduces, the vortex speed is faster in the second level toper bucket, and then with littleer impurity separation to all around, final whereabouts gets into the drain, the sea water further obtains purifying, and the delivery port of second level toper bucket links to each other with the filter screen lauter tun, and rivers flow into the lauter tun, pass bucket interior toper filter screen, with littleer impurity separation.
The controller measures the real-time water pressure of the water inlet and the water outlet of each stage through the pressure sensor, and converts the pressure signal into a current signal to be input into the console; the control console calculates a supercharging speed signal according to the set water pressure value and the real-time water pressure value, outputs the supercharging speed signal to the frequency converter, changes the output frequency through the frequency converter, and further changes the rotating speed of the supercharging water pump to realize gentle supercharging; when the pressure reaches the set pressure, automatically maintaining the rotating speed of the motor for pressure maintaining; in the pressure maintaining process, if obvious partial pressurization and pressure relief conditions occur at the water inlet and the water outlet of each stage of valve, the accumulation of impurities in the filter cartridge is saturated, so that the pressure of the filter cartridge with partial pressure deviating from a preset value needs to be relieved; the pressure relief mode is mainly to pump away impurities by opening a drain valve. The output of the control system is the water pressure difference value measured by the water inlet and outlet, the given value is the water pressure difference value preset by a user, the opening degree of the blow-down valve is used as a control quantity, the opening degree of the blow-down valve is adjusted by a self-adaptive control method, and impurities in the filter cartridge are dynamically discharged in real time.
To sum up, the centrifugal vortex filtering device with the self-adaptive cleaning function provided by the invention separates impurities with different masses in seawater according to centrifugal motion through high-speed water flow vortex in the conical barrel, and meanwhile, the power of the water-saving pump, the sewage suction pump and the opening degree of the valve can be self-adaptive according to water pressure difference change.
Claims (1)
1. A centrifugal vortex type ballast water filtering method with a self-adaptive cleaning function is used for filtering and treating ballast water of a ship, and is characterized in that a ballast water filtering device for realizing the method comprises:
a filter cartridge assembly: the device comprises two cascaded conical vertical filter cylinders, wherein the inner surface of each conical vertical filter cylinder is provided with an internal spiral thread for separating dirt by water flow vortex, each conical vertical filter cylinder comprises a conical cylinder, a water inlet arranged on the side surface of the upper part of the conical cylinder, a water outlet arranged at the center of an annular sealing hanging plate at the top of the conical cylinder and a sewage outlet arranged at the bottom of the conical cylinder, the radius of the first conical vertical filter cylinder (1) is larger than that of the second conical vertical filter cylinder (2), and the water outlet of the first conical vertical filter cylinder (1) is communicated with the water inlet of the second conical vertical filter cylinder (2) through a communicating pipe (6) to realize cascade connection;
a water pump: the seawater treatment device is arranged at the front end of the inlet of the first-stage conical vertical filter cylinder (1) and is used for pumping seawater to be treated into the first-stage conical vertical filter cylinder (1);
screen cartridge (7): the water outlet of the second-stage tapered vertical filter cylinder (2) is provided with a booster water pump for providing necessary water pressure in the ballast process and ensuring the normal operation of the device;
Dirty subassembly of collection: comprises a sewage discharge pipeline which is simultaneously communicated with a sewage discharge port of the two-stage tapered vertical filter cylinder, a sewage discharge valve arranged at the sewage discharge port, a sewage suction pump (5) arranged on the sewage discharge pipeline and a sewage collector;
a pressure control assembly: the pressure control assembly comprises a controller with a man-machine interaction display screen and water pressure sensors respectively arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet of each stage of tapered vertical filter cylinder, and the controller is respectively connected with the water pressure sensors, the sewage discharge valve, the water suction pump and the sewage suction pump (5);
a first-stage blow-down valve (3) is arranged at a blow-down port of the first-stage tapered vertical filter cylinder (1), and a second-stage blow-down valve (4) is arranged at a blow-down port of the second-stage tapered vertical filter cylinder (2);
the filtering process of the filtering device is as follows:
internal spiral threads are arranged on the inner surfaces of the water suction pump and the conical vertical filter cylinder, a water flow vortex rotating at a high speed is manufactured in the conical cylinder, flocculent impurities in seawater to be filtered rotate in the water flow vortex, are thrown out of the center of the vortex by the centrifugal force of the flocculent impurities, fall around the vortex, are condensed and fall due to the action of gravity, and are separated out of the vortex through two-stage centrifugal filtration, and clean seawater is finally separated and is pressed in a cabin by taking the filter cartridge as a final filtration means;
The method comprises the steps of continuously discharging separated impurities in the filtering process, adaptively adjusting the blowdown speed by a controller according to the accumulation degree of the impurities, measuring real-time water pressure of water inlets and water outlets of each level of conical vertical filter cylinder by the controller through a water pressure sensor, converting a pressure signal into a current signal, inputting the current signal into a console, calculating a supercharging speed signal by the console according to the set water pressure value and the real-time water pressure value, outputting the supercharging speed signal to a frequency converter, changing output frequency through the frequency converter, further changing the rotating speed of a supercharging water pump to realize gentle supercharging, automatically maintaining the rotating speed of a motor for pressure maintaining when the pressure reaches the set water pressure value, and in the pressure maintaining process, if obvious local supercharging and pressure relief conditions occur at the water inlets and the water outlets of each level of valves, indicating that the accumulation of the impurities in the filter cylinder is saturated, releasing the pressure of the filter cylinder with the local pressure deviating from a preset value, wherein the pressure relief mode is mainly by opening the blowdown valve, the method comprises the steps of pumping impurities away, outputting a controller through a water inlet and outlet actual measurement water pressure difference value, generating water pressure difference values of water inlets and water outlets of all levels of conical vertical filter cartridges according to water pressure sensors arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet of each level of conical vertical filter cartridges, comparing the water pressure difference values with the preset water pressure difference values, taking errors as feedback control signals, obtaining control signals of the opening degree of a sewage valve, the power of a water pump and the power of a sewage suction pump, and dynamically discharging the impurities in the filter cartridges in real time through PID control and regulation of the opening degree of the sewage valve, the power of the water pump and the power of the sewage suction pump.
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| CN206660761U (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-11-24 | 重庆壹拓金属制品有限公司 | Grinding machine liquid multiple stage filtration system |
| CN206924496U (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2018-01-26 | 连云港久盛电力辅机有限公司 | A kind of efficiently water circulation system secondary filter |
| KR20190032860A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2019-03-28 | 엠엔에스아이 주식회사 | Cyclone filter apparatus |
| CN108379915A (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2018-08-10 | 李志刚 | A kind of sanitary wastewater filtration treatment device based on centrifugal force |
| CN209317888U (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-08-30 | 瑞金市晶山纸业有限公司 | A kind of desanding device of corrugation paper pulp |
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