CN111200187A

CN111200187A - Antenna unit

Info

Publication number: CN111200187A
Application number: CN202010181728.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴天昊; 崔晓辉; 陆智明; 孟奇; 卢杰
Original assignee: Jiangsu Leitong Communication Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Jiangsu Leitong Communication Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-03-16
Filing date: 2020-03-16
Publication date: 2020-05-26

Abstract

The invention discloses an antenna unit, which comprises: a first dielectric layer; the ground plane and the feed point are positioned on the lower end surface of the first dielectric layer; the second dielectric layer is positioned above the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer is provided with a radiation unit, the radiation unit is connected with the ground plane through a cross-shaped grounding channel, a gap is arranged between the cross-shaped grounding channels, the gap can generate effective current, and the radiation unit is a symmetrical oscillator; the feed line is positioned above the radiating element, and the feed line and the feed point excite the radiating element; the dielectric constants of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are higher than that of air. The radiating unit is a composite oscillator, the consistency of the E surface and the H surface of a directional diagram of the composite oscillator is good, the back lobe energy is small, the front-back ratio is good, the bandwidth is wide, the power consumption is low, and the efficiency is high; the size of the radiating unit can be reduced, the overall height of the vibrators is reduced, and coupling between the vibrators is reduced to a certain extent.

Description

Antenna unit

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to an antenna unit.

Background

With the development of communication technology, antenna units with different frequencies, different specifications and different channel numbers are used in a large area, so that spectrum resources are continuously expanded and utilized, and the sky resources are very limited. In the situation of insufficient sky resources, the antenna unit needs to be miniaturized on the premise of ensuring the coverage range and coverage effect of the antenna.

Conventional antenna elements are of the following types: the first is a half-wavelength symmetrical oscillator, which adopts metal die casting, sheet metal forming or a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) double-sided copper-clad plate to replace a metal material and carries out feeding through a coaxial cable or the PCB; the second is a patch oscillator which adopts metal or microstrip; the third is a half-wavelength microstrip slot oscillator, which uses coaxial cable or coupled feed.

The first antenna units belong to half-wave symmetrical oscillators, the bandwidth is wide, the size of the oscillators is large, the section is high, if miniaturization is pursued to reduce the space between the array elements, strong coupling can be generated between the array elements, and therefore the radiation performance and scattering parameters (S parameters) of the antenna are influenced; the second antenna unit has narrower bandwidth and poorer front-to-back ratio; the third antenna unit has large loss and low efficiency.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides an antenna unit which can solve the defects of the antenna elements of the types and meet the current technical requirements.

The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems:

an antenna unit, comprising:

a first dielectric layer;

the ground plane and the feed point are positioned on the lower end surface of the first dielectric layer;

the second dielectric layer is positioned above the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer is provided with a radiation unit, the radiation unit is connected with the ground plane through a cross-shaped grounding channel, a gap is arranged between the cross-shaped grounding channels, the gap can generate effective current, and the radiation unit is a symmetrical oscillator;

the feed line is positioned above the radiating element, and the feed line and the feed point excite the radiating element;

the dielectric constants of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are higher than that of air.

In an alternative embodiment, the cross-shaped ground vias include four sets of ground via sets in the form of right angles, each set of ground via sets consisting of one first ground via arranged in the transverse direction and one second ground via arranged in the longitudinal direction;

gaps are arranged between the first grounding channel in each group of grounding channel groups and the first grounding channel in the adjacent group of grounding channel groups, and gaps are arranged between the second grounding channel and the second grounding channel in the other adjacent group of grounding channel groups.

In an optional implementation manner, the antenna unit further includes a loading unit, where the loading unit is a metal via, and the metal via is connected to the radiation unit and penetrates through the second dielectric layer.

In an optional implementation manner, the antenna unit further includes a third dielectric layer located above the radiating unit and a fourth dielectric layer located above the third dielectric layer, and the feeding points include a first feeding point and a second feeding point, and dielectric constants of the third dielectric layer and the fourth dielectric layer are higher than that of air;

the feed lines on the third dielectric layer and the fourth dielectric layer and the first feed point form a first feed circuit, and the first feed circuit is used for exciting one polarization;

and the feed circuit on the fourth dielectric layer and the second feed point form a second feed circuit, and the second feed circuit is used for exciting the other polarization.

In an optional implementation manner, a parasitic element is arranged on the surface of the fourth dielectric layer, and the shape of the parasitic element is centrosymmetric.

In an alternative embodiment, the first feed circuit comprises a first feed line and a second feed line on a surface of the fourth dielectric layer, and a third feed line on a surface of the third dielectric layer;

the first end of the first feed line is connected with the first feed point through a first feed channel, the second end of the first feed line is connected with the first end of the third feed line through a second feed channel, the second end of the third feed line is connected with the first end of the second feed line through a third feed channel, the second end of the second feed line is connected with a fourth feed channel, and the fourth feed channel penetrates through the fourth dielectric layer, the third dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer.

In an optional embodiment, the first feeding channel, the second feeding channel, the third feeding channel and the fourth feeding channel are metal vias.

In an alternative embodiment, the second feed circuit includes a fourth feed line on a surface of the fourth dielectric layer;

the first end of the fourth feed line is connected with the second feed point through a fifth feed channel, the second end of the fourth feed line is connected with a sixth feed channel, and the sixth feed channel penetrates through the fourth dielectric layer, the third dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer.

In an optional embodiment, the fifth feeding channel and the sixth feeding channel are metal vias.

In an optional embodiment, a gap is not formed between the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer, the third dielectric layer and the fourth dielectric layer.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the radiating element is a dipole, the radiating element is connected with the ground plane through the cross-shaped ground channel, and a gap is arranged between the cross-shaped ground channels, and the gap can generate effective current, so that the radiating element can be regarded as two gap oscillators, the ideal gap antenna is equivalent to the symmetric gap excited by the magnetic current source, and the plate-shaped dipole with the same size is coupled with the ideal gap antenna, so that the ideal gap antenna and the dipole antenna with the same size have the same directivity, the two can be called as complementary antennas, and the polarization directions of electromagnetic fields are only exchanged. The radiating unit can be regarded as a composite oscillator, the consistency of the H surface and the E surface of a directional diagram of the composite oscillator is good, the back lobe energy is small, the front-back ratio is good, the bandwidth is wide, the power consumption is low, and the efficiency is high.

The dielectric constants of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are higher than that of air, so that the size of the radiating unit can be reduced, the overall height of the vibrators can be reduced, and coupling between the vibrators can be reduced to a certain extent.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an exploded view of an antenna unit provided by the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an ideal slot antenna, an equivalent magnetic current source excitation and a complementary slab-like dipole provided by the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an E-plane and H-plane electromagnetic field profile provided by the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a graph of the E-plane and H-plane patterns provided by the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a bottom view of a first dielectric layer provided by the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a diagram of the effective current between the cross-shaped ground vias provided by the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional antenna unit provided by the present invention;

fig. 8 is a side view of an antenna unit provided by the present invention;

fig. 9 is a side view of an antenna unit provided by the present invention;

fig. 10 is a top view of an antenna unit provided by the present invention;

fig. 11 is a simulation diagram of return loss and isolation of the antenna unit provided by the present invention.

Detailed Description

Aiming at the problems that when the existing antenna unit is a half-wave symmetrical oscillator, if the space between array elements is reduced by pursuing miniaturization, strong coupling can be generated between the array elements, so that the radiation performance and scattering parameters of the antenna are influenced; when the antenna unit is a patch oscillator, the bandwidth is narrow and the front and the back are poor; the invention solves the problems of larger loss and low efficiency when the antenna unit is a half-wavelength microstrip slot oscillator, and the invention solves the problem that a slot is arranged between cross-shaped grounding channels connected with a radiation unit, the radiation unit is a symmetrical oscillator, and the slot can generate effective current, so the radiation unit can be regarded as a composite oscillator of a plate-shaped symmetrical oscillator and a slot oscillator, thus the radiation characteristics of two antenna units can be combined, the symmetry of an E plane and an H plane can be improved, the antenna unit has good front-to-back ratio, the bandwidth can be increased, the power consumption can be reduced, and the efficiency can be improved. In addition, since the dielectric constants of the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer, the third dielectric layer, and the fourth dielectric layer are higher than the dielectric constant of air, the size of the antenna unit can be reduced. The antenna unit of the present invention is described below.

Referring to fig. 1, the antenna unit in the present embodiment includes:

a first dielectric layer 110;

the first dielectric layer 110 may be a single dielectric layer or a dielectric layer formed by laminating multiple dielectric layers, which is not limited in this embodiment. When the first dielectric layer 110 is formed by laminating multiple dielectric layers, the multiple dielectric layers can be laminated by a specific colloid, so that no gap exists between the multiple dielectric layers, and the dielectric constant of the specific colloid is equal to that of the dielectric layers.

A ground plane 111 and a feeding point 112 located on the lower end surface of the first dielectric layer 110;

the number of the feeding points 112 may be opposite to the number of the feeding lines 124, and the embodiment is not limited.

A second dielectric layer 120 located above the first dielectric layer 110, a radiating element 121 being disposed on the second dielectric layer 120, the radiating element 121 being connected to the ground plane 111 through a cross-shaped ground via 122, a gap 123 being disposed between the cross-shaped ground vias 122, the gap 123 being capable of generating an effective current, the radiating element 121 being a dipole;

the second dielectric layer 120 may use a single-sided copper-clad plate, and the radiation unit 121 may be formed on the single-sided copper-clad plate by etching.

The cross-shaped ground vias 122 are formed by arranging and combining ground vias, and are in a cross shape after being arranged. The cross-shaped ground path 122 leaves a gap between it that allows for efficient current generation, so that it can be considered as two gap elements.

Referring to fig. 2, the ideal slot antenna is equivalent to a symmetric slot excited by a magnetic current source, and is coupled with a plate-shaped symmetric oscillator with the same size, so that the ideal slot antenna and the symmetric oscillator antenna with the same size have the same directivity, and they can be called complementary antennas, but the polarization directions of the electromagnetic fields are interchanged.

The E-plane directional pattern of the ideal slot antenna is completely consistent with the H-plane directional pattern of the dipole antenna, and the H-plane directional pattern of the ideal slot antenna is completely consistent with the E-plane directional pattern of the dipole antenna. Therefore, the radiation element can be regarded as a composite oscillator, the H surface and the E surface of the directional diagram of the composite oscillator are consistent well, and the symmetry of the E surface and the H surface can be improved. Referring to fig. 3, the left side view in fig. 3 shows the E-plane and H-plane electromagnetic field distributions of an ideal slot antenna, and the right side view shows the E-plane and H-plane electromagnetic field distributions of a dipole antenna.

According to the simulation result shown in fig. 4, the back lobe energy of the antenna unit in the present invention is very small, and has a good front-to-back ratio.

It should be noted that, the first dielectric layer 110 and the second dielectric layer 120 may be laminated by a specific adhesive, so that there is no gap between the first dielectric layer 110 and the second dielectric layer 120, and the dielectric constant of the specific adhesive is equal to the dielectric constant of the dielectric layers.

A feeding line 124 located above the radiating element 121, and the feeding line 124 and the feeding point 112 generate excitation to the radiating element 121;

the dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer 110 and the second dielectric layer 120 is higher than that of air.

Since the dielectric constants of the first dielectric layer 110 and the second dielectric layer 120 are higher than that of air, the size of the radiating element in the present invention can be smaller than that of an antenna element using air as a dielectric layer, so that the overall height of the element can be reduced, i.e., the antenna element in the present invention is a low-profile antenna element. In addition, because the size of the antenna unit in the invention is small, the coupling between the oscillators is weak in the same small space under the premise of pursuing miniaturization of the antenna.

In summary, in the antenna unit provided by this embodiment, the radiating element is connected to the ground plane through the cross-shaped ground channel, and a gap is provided between the cross-shaped ground channels, and the gap can generate an effective current, so that it can be regarded as two gap elements, and an ideal gap antenna is equivalent to a symmetric gap excited by a magnetic current source, and is a plate-shaped symmetric element with the same size, so that the ideal gap antenna and the symmetric element antenna with the same size have the same directivity, and both can be referred to as a complementary antenna, but the polarization directions of the electromagnetic fields are interchanged. The radiating unit can be regarded as a composite oscillator, the consistency of the H surface and the E surface of a directional diagram of the composite oscillator is good, the back lobe energy is small, the front-back ratio is good, the bandwidth is wide, the power consumption is low, and the efficiency is high.

In an alternative embodiment, the cross-shaped ground vias 122 include four sets of ground via sets in the form of right angles, each set consisting of one first ground via 1221 arranged in a transverse direction and one second ground via 1222 arranged in a longitudinal direction; a gap is provided between the first ground via 1221 of each set of ground vias and the first ground via 1221 of an adjacent set of ground vias, and a gap is provided between the second ground via 1222 and the second ground via 1222 of another adjacent set of ground vias.

In this embodiment, the first ground via 1221 may include a plurality of ground vias, each of which extends through the first dielectric layer 110 and the second dielectric layer 120. Second ground via 1222 can include a plurality of ground vias each extending through first dielectric layer 110 and second dielectric layer 120. The number of ground vias in the first ground via 1221 and the number of ground vias in the second ground via 1222 may be the same.

Referring to the bottom view of first dielectric layer 110 shown in fig. 5, cross-shaped ground vias 122 in fig. 5 include four first ground vias 1221 arranged in a transverse direction and four second ground vias 1222 arranged in a longitudinal direction.

Referring to fig. 6, the gap between the cross-shaped ground vias 122 in fig. 6 can generate effective current. Meanwhile, the cross-shaped ground channel 122 can be used as a balun of a dipole, and plays a role of a balance and unbalance converter.

In an optional embodiment, the antenna unit may further include a loading unit 130, where the loading unit 130 is a metal via, and the metal via is connected to the radiation unit 121 and penetrates through the second dielectric layer 120.

The loading units 130 may be disposed at four corners of the radiating unit 121, and since the loading units 130 are metal vias, the size of the radiating unit 121 may be changed, so that the bandwidth of the antenna unit may be increased, and the frequency range may be expanded.

In an alternative embodiment, the antenna unit further includes a third dielectric layer 140 located above the radiating element 121 and a fourth dielectric layer 150 located above the third dielectric layer 140, and the feeding point 112 includes a first feeding point 1121 and a second feeding point 1122, and the dielectric constants of the third dielectric layer 140 and the fourth dielectric layer 150 are higher than the dielectric constant of air;

the feeding circuit 124 and the first feeding 1121 point on the third dielectric layer 140 and the fourth dielectric layer 150 form a first feeding circuit 152, and the first feeding circuit 152 is used for exciting one polarization;

the feeding line 124 on the fourth dielectric layer 150 and the second feeding point 1122 form a second feeding circuit 153, and the second feeding circuit 153 is used for exciting another polarization.

The vibrator in the embodiment is a magnetoelectric coupling dual-polarized composite vibrator.

In an alternative embodiment, a parasitic element 151 is disposed on a surface of the fourth dielectric layer 150, and the parasitic element 151 has a shape that is centrosymmetric. For example, the parasitic element 151 may be square, and the radiating element 121 may couple and excite it, so that the cross polarization of the elements may be improved.

Optionally, a square outer frame 154 may be further disposed on the surface of the fourth dielectric layer 150, and the outer frame 154 is located at the periphery of the parasitic element 151, so as to increase the gain of the antenna unit and reduce the coupling degree between the elements, please refer to the schematic diagram of the three-dimensional antenna unit shown in fig. 7.

In an alternative embodiment, the first feed circuit 152 includes first and

second feed lines

1241, 1242 at the surface of the fourth dielectric layer 150, and a third feed line 1243 at the surface of the third dielectric layer 140; the first end 161 of the first feeding line 1241 is connected to the first feeding point 1121 through the first feeding channel 171, the second end 162 of the first feeding line 1241 is connected to the first end 163 of the third feeding line 1243 through the second feeding channel 172, the second end 164 of the third feeding line 1243 is connected to the first end 165 of the second feeding line 1242 through the third feeding channel 173, the second end 166 of the second feeding line 1242 is connected to the fourth feeding channel 174, and the fourth feeding channel 174 penetrates through the fourth dielectric layer 150, the third dielectric layer 140 and the second dielectric layer 120.

The first feeding channel 171 penetrates through the fourth dielectric layer 150, the third dielectric layer 140, the second dielectric layer 120 and the first dielectric layer 110, the second feeding channel 172 and the third feeding channel 173 respectively penetrate through the fourth dielectric layer 150, and the fourth feeding channel 174 penetrates through the fourth dielectric layer 150, the third dielectric layer 140 and the second dielectric layer 120, please refer to the side view shown in fig. 8.

The first feed channel 171, the second feed channel 172, the third feed channel 173 and the fourth feed channel 174 are metal vias.

In an alternative embodiment, the second feeding circuit 153 includes a fourth feeding line 1244 located on the surface of the fourth dielectric layer 150; the first end 167 of the fourth feed line 1244 is connected to the second feed point 1122 via the fifth feed via 175, the second end 168 of the fourth feed line 1244 is connected to the sixth feed via 176, and the sixth feed via 176 extends through the fourth dielectric layer 150, the third dielectric layer 140, and the second dielectric layer 120.

A fifth feeding channel 175 penetrates through the fourth dielectric layer 150, the third dielectric layer 140, the second dielectric layer 120 and the first dielectric layer 110, and a sixth feeding channel 176 penetrates through the fourth dielectric layer 150, the third dielectric layer 140 and the second dielectric layer 120, please refer to the side view shown in fig. 9.

Wherein the fifth feeding channel 175 and the sixth feeding channel 176 are metal vias.

In an alternative embodiment, the first feeding circuit 152 and the second feeding circuit 153 may cross and do not intersect on the surface of the fourth dielectric layer 150, see the top view of fig. 10.

It should be noted that the fourth dielectric layer 150 may be a single-sided copper-clad plate, and the parasitic element 151, the first feeding line 1241, the second feeding line 1242 and the fourth feeding line 1244 may be etched on the single-sided copper-clad plate. The third dielectric layer 140 may be a single-sided copper-clad plate, and the third feeding line 1243 may be etched on the single-sided copper-clad plate.

In this embodiment, the second dielectric layer 120, the third dielectric layer 140, and the fourth dielectric layer 150 are laminated without a gap.

It should be noted that the second dielectric layer 120, the third dielectric layer 140, and the fourth dielectric layer 150 may be laminated through a specific adhesive, so that no gap exists between the second dielectric layer 120, the third dielectric layer 140, and the fourth dielectric layer 150, and the dielectric constant of the specific adhesive is equal to the dielectric constant of the dielectric layers.

Referring to fig. 11, the return loss and isolation of the antenna element are shown.

The above description is only a preferred example of the present invention and is not limited to the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna unit, characterized in that the antenna unit comprises:

a first dielectric layer;

2. The antenna element of claim 1, wherein said cross-shaped ground vias comprise four sets of ground vias in the form of right angles, each set of ground vias consisting of a first ground via arranged in a transverse direction and a second ground via arranged in a longitudinal direction;

3. The antenna unit of claim 1, further comprising a loading unit, wherein the loading unit is a metal via, and the metal via is connected to the radiating unit and penetrates through the second dielectric layer.

4. The antenna element of any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a third dielectric layer located above said radiating element and a fourth dielectric layer located above said third dielectric layer, and wherein said feed points comprise a first feed point and a second feed point, the dielectric constants of said third dielectric layer and said fourth dielectric layer being higher than the dielectric constant of air;

5. The antenna element of claim 4, wherein a parasitic element is disposed on a surface of the fourth dielectric layer, and the parasitic element has a shape that is centrosymmetric.

6. The antenna element of claim 4, wherein said first feed circuit comprises a first feed line and a second feed line on a surface of said fourth dielectric layer, and a third feed line on a surface of said third dielectric layer;

7. The antenna element of claim 6, wherein said first feed channel, said second feed channel, said third feed channel, and said fourth feed channel are metal vias.

8. The antenna element of claim 4, wherein said second feed circuit comprises a fourth feed line located at a surface of said fourth dielectric layer;

9. The antenna element of claim 8, wherein said fifth feed channel and said sixth feed channel are metal vias.

10. The antenna unit of claim 4, wherein the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer, the third dielectric layer, and the fourth dielectric layer are laminated without a gap.