CN111198061B - Decoupling method of three-dimensional turning force, force measuring structure design method and force measuring structure - Google Patents
Decoupling method of three-dimensional turning force, force measuring structure design method and force measuring structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN111198061B CN111198061B CN201811278486.XA CN201811278486A CN111198061B CN 111198061 B CN111198061 B CN 111198061B CN 201811278486 A CN201811278486 A CN 201811278486A CN 111198061 B CN111198061 B CN 111198061B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/16—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
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Abstract
The invention discloses a decoupling method of three-dimensional turning force, a design method of a force measuring structure and the force measuring structure, wherein the decoupling method comprises the following steps: estimating the stress level of the force measuring structure, and calculating the geometric parameters of the octagonal ring according to the material, the processing mode and the heat treatment mode used by the force measuring structure; according to the geometric parameters of the octagonal ring, the octagonal ring is split into half octagonal ring assemblies, and the half octagonal ring assemblies are used as a combination foundation and combined with other assemblies to form a combination body; and fixing the combined body between the turning tool and the force measuring tool rest in a simulated manner, and decomposing the resultant force of the tool rest according to the strain of the combined body. The semi-octagonal ring structure is adopted, so that the structural complexity can be reduced, the processing cost is reduced, the processing quality is improved, and the sensor mounting and the actual operation of the dynamometer at the later stage are facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of turning, in particular to a decoupling method of three-dimensional turning force, a force measuring structure design method and a force measuring structure.
Background
The cutting state of the cutter is very important for ensuring the quality of the produced product and ensuring continuous automatic production. Therefore, the cutter state monitoring technology has great economic and social benefits, lays a foundation for advanced manufacturing technology, becomes a well-recognized key technology in various countries, and is greatly valued.
In a cutting process, the cutting force is considered as a variable that best represents the state of the process. The cutting force information can be used not only to estimate the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the machined surface, but also to monitor and predict the working state of the tool.
The octagonal structure is widely applied to decoupling of the involution force, and an available elastic sensitive structure is designed based on the octagonal conversion elastic body and is a basis for obtaining a high-precision three-way force measuring sensor.
The traditional turning force-measuring structure based on the octagonal ring is designed based on a complete octagonal ring structure, and the design space is limited in such a way.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a decoupling method of three-dimensional turning force, a force measuring structure design method and a force measuring structure, which are used for solving the technical problem that the traditional turning force measuring structure limits the design space.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a decoupling method of three-direction turning force comprises the following steps:
estimating the stress level of the force measuring structure, and calculating the geometric parameters of the octagonal ring according to the material, the processing mode and the heat treatment mode used by the force measuring structure;
according to the geometric parameters of the octagonal ring, the octagonal ring is split into half octagonal ring assemblies, and the half octagonal ring assemblies are used as a combination foundation and combined with other assemblies to form a combination body;
the combined body is fixed between the turning tool and the force measuring tool rest in a simulated mode, and the resultant force of the tool rest is decomposed into component forces which are perpendicular to each other in three directions according to the strain of the combined body.
A further improvement of the decoupling method as the method of the invention:
preferably, the geometric parameters of the octagonal ring include the average radius, width and thickness of the rings within the octagonal ring.
Preferably, estimating the stress level of the force-measuring structure comprises estimating the stress level of the force-measuring structure from the magnitude range of the actual turning forces, which comprise the main cutting force, the radial force and/or the axial force.
The invention also provides a force measuring structure design method based on the decoupling method of the three-direction turning force, which comprises the following steps:
carrying out stress analysis simulation on the combined body and a force measuring structure connected with the turning tool and the force measuring tool rest to obtain the available load and the response frequency range of the combined body;
and judging whether the available load and the response frequency range meet the requirements or not, and adjusting the geometric parameters of the octagonal ring or semi-octagonal ring component when the available load and the response frequency range do not meet the requirements.
The design method of the force measuring structure is further improved as the method of the invention:
preferably, the combination body and the force-measuring structure connected with the turning tool and the force-measuring tool holder are subjected to stress analysis simulation, and a force-measuring analysis result and a measurable frequency range of the force-measuring structure are also obtained.
Preferably, the combination body and the force measuring structure connected with the turning tool and the force measuring tool holder are subjected to stress analysis simulation, response data of the force measuring structure are obtained, parameters of the force measuring structure are adjusted according to the response data, and the force measuring structure with the optimal response data is found out.
Preferably, parameters of the force measuring structure are adjusted according to the response data, including adjusting a surface treatment mode and/or a heat treatment mode of the force measuring structure.
Preferably, the method further comprises: and according to the response data of the force measuring structure, taking a point, in the response data, of which the response value is linear with the actual turning force as a measuring point of the strain sensor, and installing the strain sensor of the force measuring structure according to the measuring point.
Preferably, the stress analysis simulation includes a statics simulation and a vibration simulation.
The invention also provides a force measuring structure for the decoupling method of the three-direction turning force, wherein the force measuring structure comprises a semi-octagonal ring assembly and an octagonal ring which are vertically crossed, the semi-octagonal ring assembly and the octagonal ring are arranged between the U-shaped groove for fixing the turning tool and the square rod for fixing the force measuring tool rest, and two ends of the semi-octagonal ring assembly are respectively connected with the U-shaped groove for fixing the turning tool and the square rod for fixing the force measuring tool rest.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the decoupling method of the three-way turning force is based on a classical half-octagonal ring structure, decomposes the turning resultant force in the turning process to obtain the accurate three-way turning force, and can be used for obtaining the three-way cutting force in real time in the cutting process.
2. The design method of the force measuring structure is based on the classical semi-octagonal ring structure, can break through the limitation of the existing force measuring structure, can obtain more novel available force measuring structures, and creates more possibilities for strain type cutting force measurement.
3. The force measuring structure breaks through the limitation of the existing force measuring structure, is more convenient to process, can reduce the processing cost and improve the processing precision, and is simpler to install and operate in the using process.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart diagram of a three-way turning force decoupling method of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an octagonal ring in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for designing a force-measuring structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a force measuring structure of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a force-bearing simulated cloud view of the force-measuring structure of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the figures denote:
1. an octagonal ring; 2. a half octagonal ring assembly; 3. a U-shaped groove; 4. a square rod.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims.
Referring to fig. 1, the decoupling method of the three-way turning force of the embodiment includes the following steps:
the stress level of the force-measuring structure is estimated according to the size range of the actual turning force, the turning force comprises a main cutting force, a radial force and/or an axial force, the ranges of the three turning forces can be estimated according to the size of the turning force and turning parameters (such as rotating speed, feeding speed, workpiece hardness and the like), and further the stress level required to be born by the force-measuring tool rest is calculated. And the geometrical parameters of the octagonal ring 1 are calculated according to the materials, the processing mode and the heat treatment mode used by the force measuring structure. Referring to fig. 2, geometric parameters of the octagonal ring 1 include an average radius r, a width t, and a thickness b of a circular ring within the octagonal ring 1, Fc in fig. 2 is a main cutting force in a three-way cutting force, Fp is a radial force, and θ denotes an inclination angle between a cross section of the ring and a vertical plane is 45 ° in the octagonal ring 1.
According to the geometric parameters of the octagonal ring 1, the octagonal ring 1 is split into the half octagonal ring component 2, and the half octagonal ring component 2 is used as a combination foundation to be combined with other components to form a combined body. In this embodiment, a combination is used as shown in fig. 4, comprising a semi-octagonal ring assembly 2 and an octagonal ring 1 arranged perpendicularly across each other.
And fixing the combined body between the turning tool and the force measuring tool rest in a simulated manner. Referring to fig. 4, the semi-octagonal ring assembly 2 and the octagonal ring 1 in the assembly are arranged between the U-shaped groove 3 of the fixed turning tool and the square rod 4 of the fixed force measuring tool rest, and two ends of the semi-octagonal ring assembly 2 are respectively connected with the U-shaped groove 3 of the fixed turning tool and the square rod 4 of the fixed force measuring tool rest to form a force measuring structure. The force measuring structure breaks through the limitation of the existing force measuring structure, is more convenient to process, can reduce the processing cost, improves the processing precision, and is simpler to install and operate in the using process.
And the resultant force of the tool rest is decomposed according to the strain of the combined body, and the resultant force is decomposed into three component forces which are perpendicular to each other in the three directions in the embodiment. The three-way turning force measured by the designed force measuring tool rest is used for monitoring the abrasion condition of the turning tool.
The steps are based on a classical semi-octagonal ring structure, the turning resultant force in the turning process is decomposed, accurate three-dimensional turning force is obtained, and the method can be used for obtaining the three-dimensional turning force in real time in the cutting process.
Referring to fig. 3, the embodiment further provides a force measurement structure design method based on the decoupling method of the three-directional turning force, and the following steps are performed on the basis of the above steps:
and (3) carrying out stress analysis simulation on the combined body and the connection structure of the turning tool and the force measuring tool rest, wherein the stress analysis simulation comprises static simulation, vibration simulation and the like, and referring to fig. 5, the following three types of data are obtained:
(1) obtaining a usable load and a response frequency range of the combined body; and judging whether the available load and the response frequency range meet the requirements or not, and adjusting the geometric parameters of the octagonal ring 1 and the semi-octagonal ring 2 when the available load and the response frequency range do not meet the requirements.
(2) A force analysis result and a measurable frequency range of the force-measuring structure are also obtained. The simulation result is used for optimizing the designed structure, for example, whether the whole structure needs surface nitriding to improve the hardness of the structure or not, so that the stress size which can be borne by the force measuring structure and the upper limit of the frequency of a force signal which can be measured are improved.
(3) Response data of the force measuring structure is also obtained, the force measuring structure is adjusted according to the response data, and the force measuring structure with the optimal response data is found out; the response data includes: stress magnitude, response to actual cutting force, sensitivity, decoupling result of response value to resultant force and the like. According to the response data of the force measuring structure, the optimal point in the response data is used as the measuring point of the strain sensor, and the strain sensor of the force measuring structure is installed according to the measuring point (generally 3 to 6 measuring points are selected). When the force measuring tool rest is used, strain sensors are adhered to the surface of the tool rest, signals measured by each strain sensor are actually caused by three-way cutting force, and the purpose of the force measuring tool rest is to decompose the resultant force signal of the three forces to obtain the magnitude of each force. Therefore, strain values of a plurality of positions can be measured simultaneously, and finally, simultaneous equations are solved to obtain the magnitude of three forces. The three force values obtained do not correspond exactly to the actual force values, and this error needs to be optimized by optimizing and changing the structure of the force-measuring tool holder. The response data thus includes the measured values at each strain measurement location, and the better the linearity of this response value with the actual turning force, the higher the sensitivity, and the better the decoupling of the response values to the resultant force (with less error from the actual) indicates that the response data is good.
Referring to fig. 5, simulation results are shown, wherein one end of the force measuring tool holder is fixed according to actual use conditions, the lower right part of fig. 5 shows that force is applied to three surfaces of the U-shaped groove 3 according to actual tool clamping conditions; acquiring strain values of each strain measurement point according to a simulation result, and evaluating the response condition of each position; and carrying out vibration simulation to obtain the natural frequency of the force measuring tool rest, comparing with the actual measurement requirement, and evaluating whether the requirement is met. The stress simulation is to optimize and adjust a design scheme in the process of designing the force measuring tool rest, determine that the design scheme can meet the requirements, then carry out physical manufacture, and carry out turning force measurement after the force measuring tool rest is manufactured.
The steps are based on a classical semi-octagonal ring structure, so that the limitation of the existing force measuring structure can be broken through, more novel available force measuring structures can be obtained, and more possibilities are created for strain type cutting force measurement.
In conclusion, when the semi-octagonal ring structure is adopted for design, more design schemes can be combined. Meanwhile, the structure complexity can be reduced after the semi-octagonal ring structure is adopted, so that the processing cost is favorably reduced, the processing quality is improved, and the sensor installation and the actual operation of the dynamometer in the later period are favorably realized.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A decoupling method of three-way turning force is characterized by comprising the following steps:
estimating the stress level of the force measuring structure, and calculating the geometric parameters of the octagonal ring (1) according to the materials, the processing mode and the heat treatment mode used by the force measuring structure;
according to the geometric parameters of the octagonal ring (1), the other octagonal ring (1) with the same geometric parameters is split into two semi-octagonal ring assemblies (2), one semi-octagonal ring assembly (2) is taken as a combination foundation, and is vertically intersected with the octagonal ring (1) to form a combination body;
the semi-octagonal ring assembly (2) and the octagonal ring (1) are connected with a U-shaped groove (3) for fixing a turning tool and a square rod (4) for fixing a force measuring tool rest; and fixing the combined body between the turning tool and the force measuring tool rest in a simulated manner, and decomposing the resultant force of the tool rest into component forces in three directions which are mutually perpendicular according to the strain of the combined body.
2. The method of decoupling three-way turning force according to claim 1, characterized in that the geometrical parameters of the octagonal ring (1) comprise the average radius, width and thickness of the circular rings inside the octagonal ring (1).
3. The method of decoupling three-way turning forces of claim 1, wherein said estimating the stress level of the force-measuring structure comprises estimating the stress level of the force-measuring structure from the magnitude range of the actual turning forces, wherein the turning forces comprise main cutting forces, radial forces, and/or axial forces.
4. A force measurement structure design method based on the decoupling method of the three-way turning force of any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising the following steps:
force is applied to three surfaces of the U-shaped groove (3); performing stress analysis simulation on the combination body and a force measuring structure connected with the combination body, the turning tool and the force measuring tool rest, wherein the stress analysis simulation comprises statics simulation and vibration simulation, and obtaining the available load and the response frequency range of the combination body; the natural frequency of the force measuring tool rest, the force analysis result of the force measuring structure and the measurable frequency range are also obtained;
judging whether the available load and the response frequency range meet the requirements or not, and adjusting the geometric parameters of the octagonal ring (1) or the semi-octagonal ring assembly (2) when the available load and the response frequency range do not meet the requirements;
the force measuring structure connected with the combined body, the turning tool and the force measuring tool rest is subjected to stress analysis simulation, and response data of the force measuring structure are obtained; finding out a force measuring structure with optimal response data; the response data includes: stress magnitude and response to actual cutting force, sensitivity and decoupling result of response value to resultant force;
adjusting parameters of the force measuring structure according to the response data, wherein the parameters comprise adjusting a surface processing mode and/or a heat treatment mode of the force measuring structure to optimize the force measuring structure so as to improve the stress magnitude which can be borne by the force measuring structure and the upper limit of the frequency of a force signal which can be measured;
and according to the response data of the force measuring structure, taking a linear point of the response value in the response data and the actual turning force as a measuring site of the strain sensor, and installing the strain sensor of the force measuring structure according to the measuring site.
5. A force-measuring structure for the decoupling method of the three-way turning force of any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a combined body and a U-shaped groove (3) and a square bar (4) for fixing the combined body between a turning tool and a force-measuring tool holder; the assembly comprises half octagon ring subassembly (2) and octagon ring (1) of crossing the arranging perpendicularly, half octagon ring subassembly (2) and octagon ring (1) are installed between U type groove (3) of fixed lathe tool and square pole (4) of fixed dynamometry knife rest, the both ends of half octagon ring subassembly (2) respectively with U type groove (3) of fixed lathe tool and square pole (4) of fixed dynamometry knife rest link to each other.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101412196B (en) * | 2008-11-10 | 2010-06-16 | 西安理工大学 | Turning force prediction method based on cutting-tool angle and cutting amount parametric variation |
| CN102539031B (en) * | 2012-01-06 | 2013-12-04 | 西安理工大学 | Inner conical elastomer for strain force transducer, and optimization method for inner conical elastomer |
| CN103551921B (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2017-02-15 | 西安交通大学 | Piezoresistive integrated three-dimensional turning force sensor |
| CN103551922B (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2017-01-18 | 西安交通大学 | Strain gauge integrated three-dimensional turning force sensor |
| CN205201202U (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-05-04 | 宁波大学 | Measurement device for answer three -dimensional turning power of variant |
| CN108595806A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-09-28 | 武汉工程大学 | A kind of three-dimension lathe power Analytic modeling method |
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