CN111197086A - 一种基于三代测序的fmr1的检测引物、体系及方法 - Google Patents
一种基于三代测序的fmr1的检测引物、体系及方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于三代测序的FMR1的检测引物、体系及方法,包括使用自主设计的引物进行扩增,加入扩增增强剂,选用特定的扩增条件等等。本发明降低了FMR1扩增的难度,可同时检测基因型,三代测序检测全长,CGG重复的检出更精确。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于分子生物学领域,具体涉及一种基于三代测序的FMR1的检测引物、体系及方法。
背景技术
脆性X综合征(FXS)发生的分子机制为FMR1基因DNA层面CGG重复。该重复会引起FMR1表达缺乏,该基因编码RNA结合蛋白脆性X蛋白(FMRP),是负责智力迟滞的相关蛋白。该蛋白的缺乏会导致最常见的遗传性智力低下疾病-脆性X综合征。按正常人群中女性FMR1前突变携带率为1/130-1/256推算,中国目前有五百万至一千万女性潜在携带者。携带者有50%的几率将FMR1突变基因遗传给子女,子女存在着FMR1全突变而罹患脆性X综合征的风险。其风险率与母亲FMR1前突变CGG重复次数有关。重复次数越多其风险越高,按CGG的重复次数对个体进行分类,正常(5-54CGG重复)、前突变(55-200重复)或完全突变(>200重复),患病风险将从40%逐渐增加到100%。其中FMR1完全突变的男孩100%患病,女孩30%-40%患病。现在患者中发现的最多重复CGG序列>230异常甲基化,导致FMR1基因转录沉默。其发病率仅次于先天愚型(21三体-唐氏综合征)。患儿表现为重度智力残疾,同时还伴有行为发育异常或容易患孤独症。
值得关注的是自发现脆性X综合征近50年来,现代医学一直无法进行有效而准确的产前筛查,导致大量的脆性X综合征患儿降生。给社会及数量众多的患儿家庭带来了无法逆转的痛苦和沉重的负担。目前的医学水平对此疾病尚无有效的治疗方法,产前诊断和选择性流产是唯一的预防手段。脆性X-FMR1基因现有的检测技术为Amplide X检测技术。该方法无法检测基因型。传统的检测FMR1基因突变的方法有Southern杂交法和普通PCR法。Southern杂交法费时、费力、DNA需要量大、灵敏度低(5-10%),无法确定CGG重复数;普通PCR方法成本低,但高GC的片段干扰了了FMR1的扩增。因为大量的CGG重复用二代测序拼接有困难,因此只能用三代或一代进行测序来进行检测。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术存在的上述技术问题,本发明人在进行了大量的深入研究之后,提供了一种基于三代测序的FMR1的检测引物、体系及方法。本发明提供的方法包括FMR1的引物设计,PCR扩增与三代测序结果分析。本发明通过设计高特异性的扩增引物,增加多种扩增增强剂,摸索扩增条件,调整扩增体系,采用三代的分析流程分析FMR1的CGG重复次数。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种基于三代测序的FMR1的检测引物,包括:
上游引物FMR1-F3:5'-gcagtcgaacatgtagctgactcaggtcacCCGCGGAATCCCAGAGAGGCC-3',
下游引物FMR1-R3:5'-tggatcacttgtgcaagcatcacatcgtagGTCACTTAGCGCCGATTTCGGCC-3'。
本发明还提供了一种基于三代测序的FMR1的检测体系,包括上述引物。
优选地,上述检测体系还包括PCR扩增增强剂;更优选地,所述PCR扩增增强剂包括甘油及DMSO。
优选地,所述PCR扩增增强剂中,甘油的加入量为PCR扩增反应体系总体积的2.5%-5%,更优选5%,DMSO的加入量为PCR扩增反应体系总体积的2.5%-5%,更优选2.5%。
本发明还提供了一种基于三代测序的FMR1的检测方法,包括如下具体步骤:
(1)根据人FMR1的DNA序列,跨CGG重复区设计PCR引物;
(2)使用步骤(1)中的引物,加入DNA模板、dNTP、PCR扩增增强剂,配制PCR反应mix,扩增FMR1的CGG高重复区;
(3)使用步骤(2)得到的PCR扩增产物,毛细管电泳质检条带大小;
(4)使用步骤(2)中的PCR扩增产物,加Barcoded,进行三代建库及测序;
(5)使用步骤(4)产出的数据,分析出CGG的重复次数。
优选地,步骤(1)中,所述引物包括:
上游引物FMR1-F3:5'-gcagtcgaacatgtagctgactcaggtcacCCGCGGAATCCCAGAGAGGCC-3',
下游引物FMR1-R3:5'-tggatcacttgtgcaagcatcacatcgtagGTCACTTAGCGCCGATTTCGGCC-3'。
优选地,步骤(2)中,所述PCR扩增增强剂包括甘油及DMSO。
更优选地,所述PCR扩增增强剂中,甘油的加入量为PCR扩增反应体系总体积的2.5%-5%,DMSO的加入量为PCR扩增反应体系总体积的2.5%-5%,更优选2.5%。
优选地,步骤(2)中,在预冷的冰板上配制PCR反应mix,即,所述冰板的温度为0-10℃;更优选地,为0℃。
优选地,步骤(2)中,10μL PCR反应体系中,所述DNA模板的加入量为10ng-50ng;更优选地,为20ng。
优选地,步骤(2)中,扩增条件为:98℃预变性3min;98℃变性10sec,56-68℃退火30sec,68℃延伸1min50sec,32个循环;68℃延伸5min;4℃保存。
更优选地,步骤(2)中,64℃退火30sec。
本发明以上FMR1扩增步骤中,步骤(1)和(2)对于本发明获得高质量的实验结果是至关重要的。本发明中由于FMR1中高GC区域难以扩增,因此优选采用64℃退火,加入扩增增强剂(包含2.5%DMSO与5%甘油)。且FMR1基因多为杂合子,扩增产物多为CGG重复少的小片段,因此采用提高模板量降低循环数的方式。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:一步PCR即可获取到FMR1的产物。操作简单方便,耗时短。三代测序直接检测扩增产物全长,可检测样本是否为杂合。
附图说明
图1:FMR1扩增(不加增强剂)毛细管电泳质检带型图(模板量:10ng,循环数:35cycle)。
图2:FMR1扩增(不加增强剂)毛细管电泳质检峰图(模板量:10ng,循环数:35cycle)。
图3:FMR1扩增(加增强剂)毛细管电泳质检带型图(1、不加增强剂,2、2.5%DMSO,3、5%甘油,4、2.5%DMSO+5%甘油)(模板量:10ng,循环数:35cycle)。
图4:FMR1扩增(加增强剂)毛细管电泳质检带型图(2.5%DMSO+5%甘油,模板量:20ng,循环数:32cycle)。
图5:FMR1扩增(加增强剂)毛细管电泳质检峰图(2.5%DMSO+5%甘油,模板量:20ng,循环数:32cycle)。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明,但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是,对本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
在一个具体的实施方式中,本发明所述方法的具体步骤为:
(1)引物设计:在NCBI网站上(https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi)下载人FMR1的DNA序列,跨CGG重复区设计PCR引物,引物序列见表1。
表1.本发明设计的FMR1扩增引物序列表
引物名 | 序列 |
FMR1-F3 | 5'-gcagtcgaacatgtagctgactcaggtcacCCGCGGAATCCCAGAGAGGCC-3' |
FMR1-R3 | 5'-tggatcacttgtgcaagcatcacatcgtagGTCACTTAGCGCCGATTTCGGCC-3' |
(2)PCR体系配制(10μL):使用步骤(1)中的引物,在预冷的冰板上配制PCR反应mix,加入20ngDNA模板,加入dNTP,加入PCR扩增增强剂(2.5%DMSO与5%甘油),扩增FMR1的CGG高重复区,扩增体系见表2。
表2.本发明FMR1扩增反应体系
试剂 | 用量 |
2*FXB | 5μl |
2mMdNTPs | 2μl |
FMR1-F3 | 0.3μl |
FMR1-R3 | 0.3μl |
DNA模板(10ng) | 1μl |
KOD | 0.2μl |
ddH<sub>2</sub>O | 0.45μl |
5%甘油 | 0.5μl |
2.5%DMSO | 0.25μl |
总计 | 10μl |
以下各实施例中,2*FX B、2mMdNTPs、KOD采用TOYOBO(货号KFX-101),ddH2O采用Invitrogen(货号10977015),5%甘油采用Invitrogen(货号15514029),2.5%DMSO采用Sigma(货号D8418)。
(3)PCR扩增条件:98℃,3min,(98℃,10sec,64℃,30sec,68℃,1min50sec,32cycle),68℃,5min,4℃,forever。以下各实施例中,PCR仪器均采用life SimpliAmp热循环仪。
(4)毛细管电泳质检:使用步骤(3)得到的PCR扩增产物,毛细管电泳质检条带大小。以下各实施例中,质检仪器均采用Agilent 2100。
(5)三代测序建库:使用步骤(3)中得到的PCR扩增产物,加Barcoded,建库及测序。
(6)数据分析:使用步骤(5)产出的数据,分析出CGG的重复次数。该步骤中,可以使用现有的分析方法,也可以根据实际需求自行设计相应的方法流程,在此不做具体限定。
同样,可以理解的是,以上对仪器、试剂的说明仅为示例性说明,本申请并不限于此。如未特殊说明,均可采用现有技术手段实现。
实施例1
本实施例一种基于三代测序的FMR1的检测方法(不加增强剂)的步骤如下:
(1)引物设计:在NCBI网站上(https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi)下载人FMR1的DNA序列,跨CGG重复区设计PCR引物,引物序列见表1。
(2)PCR体系配制(10μL):然后使用步骤(1)中的引物,在预冷的冰板上配制PCR反应mix,加入10ngDNA模板,加入dNTP,扩增FMR1的CGG高重复区,扩增体系(不加增强剂)见表3。
表3.本发明实施例1的扩增反应体系
试剂 | 用量 |
2*FXB | 5μl |
2mMdNTPs | 2μl |
FMR1-F3 | 0.3μl |
FMR1-R3 | 0.3μl |
DNA模板(10ng) | 1μl |
KOD | 0.2μl |
ddH<sub>2</sub>O | 1.2μl |
总计 | 10μl |
(3)PCR扩增条件:98℃,3min,(98℃,10sec,64℃,30sec,68℃,1min50sec,35cycle),68℃,5min,4℃,forever。
(4)毛细管电泳质检:使用步骤(3)得到的PCR产物,毛细管电泳质检条带大小(图1与图2)。
结果及分析:
毛细管电泳质检PCR产物发现1168bp与1507bp的两个条带,这表明该样品为FMR1遗传病杂合,病人为女性,重复次数为113+n(n为1168bp中CGG的重复次数),CGG高重复的片段1507bp比例过少,这是应该是由PCR扩增的偏好性导致的。
实施例2
本实施例一种基于三代测序的FMR1的检测方法(1、不加增强剂,2、2.5%DMSO,3、5%甘油,4、2.5%DMSO+5%甘油)的步骤如下:
(1)引物设计:在NCBI网站上(https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi)下载人FMR1的DNA序列,跨CGG重复区设计PCR引物,引物序列见表1。
(2)PCR体系配制(10μL):使用步骤(1)中的引物,在预冷的冰板上配制PCR反应mix,加入10ngDNA模板,加入dNTP,加入增强剂,扩增FMR1的CGG高重复区,扩增体系(体系1、不加增强剂,体系2、2.5%DMSO,体系3、5%甘油,体系4、2.5%DMSO+5%甘油)见表4。
表4.本发明实施例2的扩增反应体系
(3)PCR扩增条件:98℃,3min,(98℃,10sec,64℃,30sec,68℃,1min50sec,35cycle),68℃,5min,4℃,forever。
(4)毛细管电泳质检:使用步骤(3)得到的PCR扩增产物,毛细管电泳质检条带大小(图3)。
结果及分析:
毛细管电泳质检PCR产物发现增强剂5%甘油与2.5%DMSO+5%甘油能够较大的提升杂合子中FMR1大片段的产量,然而我们发现有一些非特异的扩增,且大片段的量仍然较少。
实施例3
本实施例一种基于三代测序的FMR1的检测方法(2.5%DMSO+5%甘油,20ng,32cycle)的步骤如下:
(1)引物设计:在NCBI网站上(https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi)下载人FMR1的DNA序列,跨CGG重复区设计PCR引物,引物序列见表1。
(2)PCR体系配制(10μL):使用步骤(1)中的引物,在预冷的冰板上配制PCR反应mix,加入20ngDNA模板,加入dNTP,加入增强剂扩增FMR1的CGG高重复区,扩增体系见表5。
表5.本发明实施例3的扩增反应体系
试剂 | 用量 |
2*FXB | 5μl |
2mMdNTPs | 2μl |
FMR1-F3 | 0.3μl |
FMR1-R3 | 0.3μl |
DNA模板(20ng) | 1μl |
KOD | 0.2μl |
ddH<sub>2</sub>O | 0.45μl |
5%甘油 | 0.5μl |
2.5%DMSO | 0.25μl |
总计 | 10μl |
(3)PCR扩增条件:98℃,3min,(98℃,10sec,64℃,30sec,68℃,1min50sec,32cycle),68℃,5min,4℃,forever。
(4)毛细管电泳质检:使用步骤(3)得到的PCR产物,毛细管电泳质检条带大小(图4与图5)。
结果及分析:
毛细管电泳质检PCR产物发现1181bp与1535bp两个条带,且无非特异性扩增。大片段的占比能够达到三代测序的要求。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是,本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式,本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变形或修改,这并不影响本发明的实质内容。
Claims (10)
1.一种基于三代测序的FMR1的检测引物,包括:
上游引物FMR1-F3:5'-gcagtcgaacatgtagctgactcaggtcacCCGCGGAATCCCAGAGAGGCC-3',
下游引物FMR1-R3:5'-tggatcacttgtgcaagcatcacatcgtagGTCACTTAGCGCCGATTTCGGCC-3'。
2.一种基于三代测序的FMR1的检测体系,其特征在于,包括权利要求1所述的一种基于三代测序的FMR1的检测引物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种基于三代测序的FMR1的检测体系,其特征在于,还包括PCR扩增增强剂;优选地,所述PCR扩增增强剂包括甘油及DMSO。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于三代测序的FMR1的检测体系,其特征在于,所述PCR扩增增强剂中,甘油的加入量为PCR扩增反应体系总体积的2.5%-5%,DMSO的加入量为PCR扩增反应体系总体积的2.5%-5%。
5.一种基于三代测序的FMR1的检测方法,包括如下具体步骤:
(1)根据人FMR1的DNA序列,跨CGG重复区设计PCR引物;
(2)使用步骤(1)中的引物,加入DNA模板、dNTP、PCR扩增增强剂,配制PCR反应mix,扩增FMR1的CGG高重复区;
(3)使用步骤(2)得到的PCR扩增产物,毛细管电泳质检条带大小;
(4)使用步骤(2)中得到的PCR扩增产物,加Barcoded,进行三代建库及测序;
(5)使用步骤(4)产出的数据,分析出CGG的重复次数。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种基于三代测序的FMR1的检测方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述引物包括:
上游引物FMR1-F3:5'-gcagtcgaacatgtagctgactcaggtcacCCGCGGAATCCCAGAGAGGCC-3',
下游引物FMR1-R3:5'-tggatcacttgtgcaagcatcacatcgtagGTCACTTAGCGCCGATTTCGGCC-3'。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种基于三代测序的FMR1的检测方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述PCR扩增增强剂包括甘油及DMSO,优选地,所述PCR扩增增强剂中,甘油的加入量为PCR扩增反应体系总体积的2.5%-5%,DMSO的加入量为PCR扩增反应体系总体积的2.5%-5%。
8.根据权利要求5所述的一种基于三代测序的FMR1的检测方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,在预冷的冰板上配制PCR反应mix,所述冰板的温度为0-10℃。
9.根据权利要求5所述的一种基于三代测序的FMR1的检测方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,10μL PCR反应体系中,所述DNA模板的加入量为10ng-50ng。
10.根据权利要求5所述的一种基于三代测序的FMR1的检测方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,扩增条件为:98℃预变性3min;98℃变性10sec,56-68℃退火30sec,68℃延伸1min50sec,32个循环;68℃延伸5min;4℃保存。
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