CN111196734A - 复合耐火材料花盆及其制备方法 - Google Patents

复合耐火材料花盆及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111196734A
CN111196734A CN202010039687.5A CN202010039687A CN111196734A CN 111196734 A CN111196734 A CN 111196734A CN 202010039687 A CN202010039687 A CN 202010039687A CN 111196734 A CN111196734 A CN 111196734A
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composite refractory
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王光强
郭洪
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Abstract

本发明属于耐火材料技术领域，具体涉及一种复合耐火材料花盆及其制备方法。复合耐火材料花盆的显气孔率为40‑70％，体积密度为0.5‑1g/cm3，吸水率为40‑60％。将主料、辅助填充物、结合剂和减水剂混均，均化反应，成型，烧成，即得。本发明成功实现了废弃物的再利用，有效的降低了生产成本，大大节约了各种矿产资源，为废弃物的再次利用做出了巨大贡献，不需要复杂的设备，对环境无污染。

Description

复合耐火材料花盆及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于耐火材料技术领域，具体涉及一种复合耐火材料花盆及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着人们物质生活水平的提高，人们越来越向往健康绿色的生活，所以自己动手栽培各种花卉或是蔬菜，不仅满足了自己的需求还美化了环境，同时满足了对各种植物不同生长阶段的观赏性和趣味性。
室内摆放观赏性花卉成为人们追求健康时尚的理念，但是花卉的浇灌成为养花人士的麻烦事情，一般的花盆采用底部出水孔的方法过滤去多余的废水，想要保持花卉的水分就要不定期进行浇水管理，传统的浇水管理的方法很难掌握花卉的水分多少，浇水过多，花根容易坏死，浇水过少，花卉得不到充足的水分，也容易生长较差，诸多不便因素制约了人们养花的乐趣。
根据制作材料不同，花盆可以分为多种。常见的有瓷花盆、玻璃钢花盆、塑料花盆、紫砂花盆等。其中，例如瓷花盆的工艺需要经过练泥、拉坯、刻花、施釉、烧窑等步骤，工艺复杂，并且耗能。玻璃钢花盆，制备工艺也较为复杂，并且不透气。而对于塑料花盆，其制备工艺相对简单，但是塑料花盆不透气，主要用于无土栽培，其成本相对于玻璃钢和陶瓷花盆的要低。
塑料花盆在花苗培育中大量使用，花苗出售后被移栽，其花盆往往被丢弃，塑料花盆不易降解，且透气性不佳，不利于花苗的生长，花盆中一般加入化工染料制备各种颜色花盆，化工染料制备过程中需要大量溶剂，产生的废液排放到水和空气中产生严重污染，花盆中加入这些染料对花苗生长造成影响。
现有的水培花卉越来越多，水培花卉不需要泥土，所以相比于土培花卉显得更加洁净，美观，水培花卉只需要往水里放几滴营养液即可。无土栽培是一种无需土壤、直接用营养液来栽培植物的方法，它以营养液替代土壤提供给植物根系所需要的氧气、水分以及无机养料。无土栽培的优点在于可以有效地控制花卉在生长发育过程中对温度、水分、光照、养分和空气的最佳要求，但是这对于栽培容器提出了较高要求。
现有的水培花盆中一般采用自来水、雨水、河水等，但这些水中都存在一部分有害物质会影响植物的生长发育且培育过程中多采用手工补水或换水，操作较为繁琐。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种复合耐火材料花盆，实现了废弃物的再次利用，有效的降低了生产成本，大大节约了各种矿产资源，可以过滤水中有害物质，有利于植物的生长，补水或换水方便；本发明同时提供了复合耐火材料花盆的制备方法，科学合理、简单易行。
本发明所述的复合耐火材料花盆的显气孔率为40-70％，体积密度为0.5-1g/cm3，吸水率为40-60％。
本发明所述的复合耐火材料花盆是将主料、辅助填充物、结合剂和减水剂混均，均化反应，成型，烧成，即得。
所述的主料为炉渣、泥土、页岩、陶土、瓷土、高岭土、观音土、麦饭石、火山灰、氧化铝、氧化钙或二氧化硅中的一种或几种，辅助填充物为稻壳或锯末。
所述的结合剂的制备方法是木质素与酰胺混合后，再加入硅溶胶混合，得到结合剂。
所述的结合剂的制备方法具体是将木质素溶液(浓度1-5％)与酰胺溶液(浓度0.1-0.5％)按体积比3：1混合，得到混合液，混合液与硅溶胶(硅浓度30％)按体积比20-28:1混合。
所述的酰胺为聚丙烯酰胺。
所述的减水剂为木质素磺酸钙。
所述的主料与辅助填充物的质量比为7-8:2-3，结合剂的质量为原料总质量的4.5-15％，减水剂的质量为原料总质量的0.02-0.1％。
本发明所述的复合耐火材料花盆还可以是将主料、辅材、辅助填充物、结合剂和减水剂混均，均化反应，成型，烧成，即得。
所述的辅材为钠长石、钾长石或磷矿石中的一种或几种，辅材的质量为主料质量的2-3％。
本发明所述的复合耐火材料花盆的制备方法是将主料、辅助填充物、结合剂和减水剂混均，均化反应，成型，烧成，即得。
所述的均化反应时间为2-6小时。
所述的成型为机压成型、浇筑成型、热压铸成型或注射成型中的一种。
所述的烧成温度为600-1450℃，烧成时间为24-48小时。
本发明所述的复合耐火材料花盆的制备方法还可以是将主料、辅材、辅助填充物、结合剂和减水剂混均，均化反应，成型，烧成，即得。
所述的均化反应时间为2-6小时。
所述的成型为机压成型、浇筑成型、热压铸成型或注射成型中的一种。
所述的烧成温度为600-1450℃，烧成时间为24-48小时。
本发明所述的复合耐火材料花盆的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)主料、辅助填充物、结合剂和减水剂混均，均化反应；
(2)将均化反应后的物料用模具在压力机上机压成型或浇筑成型、热压铸成型、注射成型，得到成型物；
(3)成型物先烘干后再在高温窑炉中烧成，即得。
步骤(3)中所述的烘干温度为60-120℃，烘干时间为24-48小时。
本发明所述的复合耐火材料花盆的制备方法，还可以包括如下步骤：
(1)主料、辅材、辅助填充物、结合剂和减水剂混均，均化反应；
(2)将均化反应后的物料用模具在压力机上机压成型或浇筑成型、热压铸成型、注射成型，得到成型物；
(3)成型物先烘干后再在高温窑炉中烧成，即得。
步骤(3)中所述的烘干温度为60-120℃，烘干时间为24-48小时。
本发明加入辅助填充物是为了提高产品的气孔率，加入的炉渣不仅价格便宜(废物利用)还含有多种矿物元素(如钙、镁、铝、硅等)。
本发明制备得到一种含有纳米级微量矿物质的纳米花盆，花盆的原料主要是炉渣、泥土、页岩、陶土、瓷土、高岭土、观音土、麦饭石、火山灰等，实现了废弃物的再次利用，节约了大量的矿产资源。
本发明的花盆是一种无土栽培的环保型花盆，可以种花、蔬菜等作物。
花盆种植物的水几乎不做要求，河水、雨水等都可以使用。
本发明的花盆的使用方法是将花盆置于盛水的容器中即可。水在花盆外边，经过花盆的过滤水才进入花盆内被植物吸收，水中的漂浮物和有害物质都会被花盆过滤吸收，植物不会直接接触有害物质，这样有利于植物的生长。
本发明的花盆的检测指标如下：
显气孔率：40-70％，体积密度：0.5-1g/cm3，吸水率：40-60％。
本发明的有益效果如下：
(1)工艺简单，成本低。
(2)本发明成功实现了废弃物的再利用，有效的降低了生产成本，大大节约了各种矿产资源，为废弃物的再次利用做出了巨大贡献。
(3)不需要复杂的设备，对环境无污染。
(4)现有的花盆气孔率低、体积密度高、吸水率低，其为不透水的花盆；而本发明制备的花盆体积密度低、气孔高、吸水率大，其为透水的花盆。
(5)本发明制备的花盆可以过滤水中有害物质，有利于植物的生长，补水或换水方便。
附图说明
图1是本发明花盆的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述。
实施例1
(1)将木质素溶液(浓度1％)与聚丙烯酰胺溶液(浓度0.1％)按3：1体积比混合，得到混合液，混合液与硅溶胶(硅浓度30％)按25：1的体积比混均，调制pH值为7.5，得到结合剂。
(2)炉渣(成分为SiO2为37.56％，CaO为22.48％，Fe2O3为14.75％，杂质余量)、二氧化硅与稻壳按质量比3：4：3混合，加入原料总质量4.5％的结合剂和原料总质量0.08％的木质素磺酸钙混均，均化反应4小时。
(3)均化反应好的物料用模具在压力机上机压成型，得到成型物。
(4)成型物先在100℃烘干36小时后再在高温窑炉中烧成，烧成温度800℃，烧成时间48小时，得到成品花盆。
成品花盆的检测指标如下：
显气孔率：43.5％，体积密度：0.68g/cm3，吸水率：53.70％。
实施例2
(1)将木质素溶液(浓度5％)与聚丙烯酰胺溶液(浓度0.5％)按3：1体积比混合，得到混合液，混合液与硅溶胶(硅浓度30％)按28：1的体积比混均，调制pH值为8，得到结合剂。
(2)炉渣(成分为SiO2为37.56％，CaO为22.48％，Fe2O3为14.75％，杂质余量)、二氧化硅与锯末按质量比5：2：3混合，加入炉渣质量3％的钠长石微粉和钾长石微粉的混合物(粒度5um)、原料总质量的8％的结合剂和原料总质量0.06％的木质素磺酸钙混均，均化反应6小时。
(3)均化反应好的物料用模具热压铸成型，得到成型物。
(4)成型物先在90℃烘干48小时后再在高温窑炉中烧成，烧成温度1150℃，烧成时间24小时，得到成品花盆。
成品花盆的检测指标如下：
显气孔率：52.1％，体积密度：0.52g/cm3，吸水率：55.8％。
实施例3
(1)将木质素溶液(浓度3％)与聚丙烯酰胺溶液(浓度0.2％)按3：1体积比混合，得到混合液，混合液与硅溶胶(硅浓度30％)按20：1的体积比混均，调制pH值为7.5，得到结合剂。
(2)炉渣(成分为SiO2为37.56％，CaO为22.48％，Fe2O3为14.75％，杂质余量)、二氧化硅与稻壳按质量比2：6：2混合，加入炉渣质量8％的钠长石微粉和钾长石微粉的混合物(粒度3.5um)、原料总质量的15％的结合剂和原料总质量0.1％的木质素磺酸钙混均，均化反应6小时。
(3)均化反应好的物料用模具在压力机上浇注成型，得到成型物。
(4)成型物先在120℃烘干24小时后再在高温窑炉中烧成，烧成温度1300℃，烧成时间36小时，得到成品花盆。
成品花盆的检测指标如下：
显气孔率：61.5％，体积密度：0.61g/cm3，吸水率：59.3％。
实施例4
(1)将木质素溶液(浓度2％)与聚丙烯酰胺溶液(浓度0.3％)按3：1体积比混合，得到混合液，混合液与硅溶胶(硅浓度30％)按23：1的体积比混均，调制pH值为7，得到结合剂。
(2)炉渣(成分为SiO2为37.56％，CaO为22.48％，Fe2O3为14.75％，杂质余量)、二氧化硅与稻壳按质量比6：2：2混合，加入炉渣质量3％的钠长石微粉和钾长石微粉的混合物(粒度3.5um)、原料总质量的6％的结合剂和原料总质量0.02％的木质素磺酸钙混均，均化反应2小时。
(3)均化反应好的物料用模具在压力机上机压成型，得到成型物。
(4)成型物先在60℃烘干48小时后再在高温窑炉中烧成，烧成温度1450℃，烧成时间38小时，得到成品花盆。
成品花盆的检测指标如下：
显气孔率：68％，体积密度：0.9/cm3，吸水率：60％。

Claims (10)

1.一种复合耐火材料花盆，其特征在于显气孔率为40-70％，体积密度为0.5-1g/cm3，吸水率为40-60％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合耐火材料花盆，其特征在于将主料、辅助填充物、结合剂和减水剂混均，均化反应，成型，烧成，即得。
3.根据权利要求2所述的复合耐火材料花盆，其特征在于所述的主料为炉渣、泥土、页岩、陶土、瓷土、高岭土、观音土、麦饭石、火山灰、氧化铝、氧化钙或二氧化硅中的一种或几种，辅助填充物为稻壳或锯末。
4.根据权利要求2所述的复合耐火材料花盆，其特征在于所述的结合剂的制备方法是木质素与酰胺混合后，再加入硅溶胶混合，得到结合剂。
5.根据权利要求2所述的复合耐火材料花盆，其特征在于所述的减水剂为木质素磺酸钙。
6.根据权利要求2所述的复合耐火材料花盆，其特征在于所述的主料与辅助填充物的质量比为7-8:2-3，结合剂的质量为原料总质量的4.5-15％，减水剂的质量为原料总质量的0.02-0.1％。
7.根据权利要求2所述的复合耐火材料花盆，其特征在于将主料、辅材、辅助填充物、结合剂和减水剂混均，均化反应，成型，烧成，即得。
8.根据权利要求7所述的复合耐火材料花盆，其特征在于所述的辅材为钠长石、钾长石或磷矿石中的一种或几种，辅材的质量为主料质量的2-3％。
9.一种权利要求1-6任一所述的复合耐火材料花盆的制备方法，其特征在于将主料、辅助填充物、结合剂和减水剂混均，均化反应，成型，烧成，即得。
10.一种权利要求7或8所述的复合耐火材料花盆的制备方法，其特征在于将主料、辅材、辅助填充物、结合剂和减水剂混均，均化反应，成型，烧成，即得。
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113800855A (zh) * 2021-09-28 2021-12-17 北京城市排水集团有限责任公司 热水解污泥作为制备花盆原料的应用和透水免烧污泥制营养花盆及其制备方法

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113800855A (zh) * 2021-09-28 2021-12-17 北京城市排水集团有限责任公司 热水解污泥作为制备花盆原料的应用和透水免烧污泥制营养花盆及其制备方法

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