CN111196599A - 一种硫泡沫粉湿法制备酸的工艺 - Google Patents
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- C01B17/69—Sulfur trioxide; Sulfuric acid
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- C01B17/76—Preparation by contact processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
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- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/005—Drying-steam generating means
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Abstract
一种硫泡沫粉湿法制备酸的工艺,属于煤化工清洁生产领域,可解决传统煤化工生产工艺过程中,煤气脱硫后产生的硫泡沫中复盐、硫膏无法进行有效处理,所含硫代硫酸钠、硫氰酸钠等由于纯度不够,影响环境,长时间产生危害废物等一系列问题,本发明把煤气中的硫化氢经脱硫处理,产生的硫泡沫含水比较大,再用焦炉煤气点燃后自燃保持炉温,经焚烧炉燃烧后生成的酸气温度比较高,因而把这部分高温经过余热回收产生饱和蒸汽,使热力资源再次利用;酸气经过二氧化硫转化塔使酸气转化成二氧化硫,二氧化硫转化成三氧化硫;三氧化硫经过WSA冷凝器冷却后与水蒸气生成硫酸。本发明能使煤气脱硫后不产生危险废物,既给企业增加收入又能使废物进行利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于煤化工清洁生产技术领域,具体涉及一种硫泡沫粉湿法制备酸的工艺。
背景技术
煤气净化车间的脱硫工段,是焦化厂追求低耗、清洁、高效的博弈场所。在那里,人们翻来覆去的改造再改造、创新再创新。就脱硫剂种类不同而言,有A.D.A法,HPF法、AS加解析塔法、苦味酸法、真空碳酸钾法等;就脱硫废液的处理而言,有熔硫、两盐提取、湿法制酸、干法制酸等。几十年过去了,焦炉煤气的脱硫工艺仍然没有形成大家都公认的可以标准化设计的最佳流程。
现在的实际状况是:
1. 80%以上的焦化企业选择了独具中国特色的HPF脱硫工艺。
2.不管使用那一种脱硫工艺,脱硫装置一定要满足“满负荷”脱硫这一点,已经被大部分焦化企业接受。
3.脱硫后面的硫泡沫处理有三个问题实在到了该解决的时候了:(1)熔硫工艺带来的副盐增长和环境恶劣问题。(2)硫膏和两盐的市场问题。(3)蒸氨的氨气冷凝后给脱硫液补氨带来的水过剩问题。
当前,随着环保形势的日趋紧张,煤气、烟气的脱硫效率低,成本消耗大等情况严重制约着煤化工的生产,寻求新工艺,高效脱硫、低成本消耗、提高煤化工生产率成为当务之急,也是当前煤化工的大趋势。
发明内容
本发明针对传统煤化工生产工艺过程中,煤气脱硫后产生的硫泡沫中复盐、硫膏无法进行有效处理,所含硫代硫酸钠、硫氰酸钠等由于纯度不够,影响环境,长时间产生危害废物等一系列问题,提供一种硫泡沫粉湿法制备酸的工艺。
本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种硫泡沫粉湿法制备酸的工艺,在HPF脱硫的基础上,用自产蒸汽把硫泡沫的水分由50%干燥到5%变成粉状,随著空气喷入焚烧炉,用焦炉煤气点火后完全自燃保持炉温1100℃。焚烧之后的原料气体经过余热回收,生产高压(58MPa)饱和蒸汽。余热锅炉以后400℃左右的原料气进入高温电捕,达到进转化器的含尘要求(2mg/Nm3)。
电捕后的原料气从上部进入二氧化硫转化塔,在催化剂和过剩氧气的作用下进行反应,SO2被转化成SO3,转化效率>99.3%。
工艺气经过酸雾控制器除雾后,进入由多组并联的玻璃管组成的膜式WSA冷凝冷却器,工艺气体被空气冷却到约95℃,在此,SO3与水蒸气反应生成硫酸,顺着玻璃管壁流向冷凝器底部。多余的水蒸气留在工艺尾气中,最后的工艺尾气,再经过一个酸雾捕集装置后,通过烟囱达标排放。具体包括如下步骤:
第一步,硫泡沫干燥,用蒸汽把含水分50%的硫泡沫干燥成含5%的硫泡沫,得到粉末状硫泡沫;
第二步,将粉末状硫泡沫随空气一起喷入焚烧炉,用焦炉煤气点火进行焚烧,保持焚烧炉温度在1100℃以上,产生原料气;
第三步,余热回收,将得到的1100℃以上的原料气送入与焚烧炉连接的余热回收装置,在余热回收装置内温度降低到400℃以下,并产出58MPa的饱和蒸汽;
第四步,将低于400℃的原料气进入高温电捕,使原料气含尘降低到2mg/Nm3,得到净化后的原料气;
第五步,将净化后的原料气进入SO2转化塔,转化成SO3,在转化过程中经冷却器冷却;
第六步,经冷却后的冷却气进入WSA冷却器,与水蒸气反应生成H2SO4;
第七步,尾气进入酸雾捕气装置生成酸气。
第五步中,在转化过程中,经冷却器进行冷却,用焚烧时产生的饱和蒸汽为冷却介质,净化的原料气经过两段冷却进入催化塔再度第三次冷却具体如下:用余热锅炉自产的饱和蒸气作为冷却介质,在第一段冷却器中,工艺气从504℃冷却到420℃,在第二段冷却器中,工艺气从428℃冷却到381℃,然后通过第三段催化床,在转化塔下部的第三段冷却器中被锅炉水进一步冷却,最后去WSA冷凝器。
本发明的原理如下:把煤气中的硫化氢经脱硫处理,产生的硫泡沫含水比较大,再用焦炉煤气点燃后自燃保持炉温,经焚烧炉燃烧后生成的酸气温度比较高,因而把这部分高温经过余热回收产生饱和蒸汽,使热力资源再次利用;酸气经过二氧化硫转化塔使酸气转化成二氧化硫,二氧化硫转化成三氧化硫;三氧化硫经过WSA冷凝器冷却后与水蒸气生成硫酸。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明解决煤气净化过程中有害物质硫化氢的转化问题,改变以往硫化氢转化为硫泡沫或在煤气脱硫后产生硫氰酸钠、硫代硫酸钠等复盐,而这些复盐含杂质比较多,无法回收利用,生成许多无法处理的危险废物,给环境造成污染,给生产增大成本。本发明能使煤气脱硫后不产生危险废物,既给企业增加收入又能使废物进行利用。
本发明既不产生硫氰酸钠等复盐,又能使余热利用、硫化氢转化为硫酸生产硫铵,变废为宝,彻底解决煤气脱硫净化后危废无法处理的后遗症问题。
本发明可获得煤气脱硫的技术革命,使脱硫工艺大幅度改进。
本发明与干法制酸相比较,具有以下优点:
(1)运行成本低。除开车点火和蓄热式平衡上下温差需要阶段性加热外,焚烧炉加上硫泡沫干燥的能耗也低。电捕后面流程短,少了一个干燥和一个温度降了再升的过程,而且高效回收了工艺反应热,富产过热蒸汽。
(2)无环境污染。该工艺除消耗催化剂外不需化工药品、吸附剂或添加剂。不用工艺水,不产生废料、废水,对环境没有二次污染;
(3)操作简单可靠。整个装置采用DCS 自动控制,仅需一名集控工和一名巡检工就可以控制整个装置。
预期解决以下问题:1、熔硫工艺带来的副盐增长和环境恶劣问题。2、硫膏和两盐的市场问题。3、蒸氨的氨气冷凝后给脱硫液补氨带来的水过剩问题。4.大幅度提高煤气质量,减少脱硫给企业带来的消耗,提高经济效益。5.真正实现零排放,达到环保要求的清洁化生产。
具体实施方式
实施例
1. 脱硫装置:一个塔径10米的苦味酸脱硫塔配套一个低塔再生,处理煤气13万Nm3/h,含硫由4~5g/Nm3脱至200mg/Nm3。脱硫塔5层塔板,花环填料每层4m,煤气温度冬天32℃,夏天35~36℃。
2. 硫泡沫经多个超级离心机浓缩到比重>1.2,含水50%,含盐40%,含硫10%,进入两个2000m3的储罐中,储罐70℃保温,铵盐不结晶,供硫泡沫干法制酸装置使用。
3. 离心后的清液经硫氰酸铵脱除装置将氰盐脱至<150mg/升(防腐蚀),硫氰酸铵进入浓缩的硫泡沫,合格清液进入循环液。
4. 硫泡沫经6.6立方的带搅拌器的小储槽在4.4公斤压力下喷入燃烧炉,入炉浆液被800Nm3/h的6公斤压力的空气雾化,该空气经过副产的2t/h中压蒸汽加热至200℃,从炉头进入80%,炉中段进入20%。
5. 伴烧的焦炉煤气压力25KPa,耗量700Nm3/h。炉温1150℃,炉膛微正压,炉子出口以后负压。
6. 卧式燃烧炉内径3米,长14米,后面的卧式水管锅炉有6个蒸汽喷嘴,每15天清扫一次(喷头自动伸缩)。
7. 锅炉后气流温度400℃进入动力波洗涤器、冷却塔、电捕雾(三级净化,降温脱水,保护催化剂),动力波洗涤将酸气由400~80℃左右,80~30℃之后用水间接冷到<30℃进入电捕,进一步脱除水分和颗粒。
8. 电捕后进干燥塔(用浓硫酸喷洒脱水升温至50℃)——之所谓干法制酸。
9. 塔顶捕雾后进入风机正压段,温度升至90℃再用电加热至350~420℃进入转化器,用反应热维持温度。
10. 转化器催化剂用托普索S101-2H,共50m3分4层。每两年筛添一次,原料气160℃进入第一个吸收塔,420℃进入第二个转化器,再降到160℃进入第二个吸收塔后排向大气。
硫酸浓度夏天98.5%,冬天94.5%。
11.硫泡沫干法制酸装置,两套燃烧器是日本进口,国内徐州可设计加工燃烧器。
12.硫酸装置处理含水50%的硫泡沫5.43t/h,生产浓度98%的硫酸105.7t/日,3.82MPa252℃饱和蒸汽9.2t/h。另外,还有少量稀硫酸产品可以直接进硫铵母液。
两批次脱硫液组成在含水50%时,硫和各种盐的组成十分相似,详见下表:
Claims (2)
1.一种硫泡沫粉湿法制备酸的工艺,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
第一步,硫泡沫干燥,用蒸汽把含水分50%的硫泡沫干燥成含5%的硫泡沫,得到粉末状硫泡沫;
第二步,将粉末状硫泡沫随空气一起喷入焚烧炉,用焦炉煤气点火进行焚烧,保持焚烧炉温度在1100℃以上,产生原料气;
第三步,余热回收,将得到的1100℃以上的原料气送入与焚烧炉连接的余热回收装置,在余热回收装置内温度降低到400℃以下,并产出58MPa的饱和蒸汽;
第四步,将低于400℃的原料气进入高温电捕,使原料气含尘降低到2mg/Nm3,得到净化后的原料气;
第五步,将净化后的原料气进入SO2转化塔,转化成SO3,在转化过程中经冷却器冷却;
第六步,经冷却后的冷却气进入WSA冷却器,与水蒸气反应生成H2SO4;
第七步,尾气进入酸雾捕气装置生成酸气。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种硫泡沫粉湿法制备酸的工艺,其特征在于:第五步中,在转化过程中,经冷却器进行冷却,用焚烧时产生的饱和蒸汽为冷却介质,净化的原料气经过两段冷却进入催化塔再度第三次冷却具体如下:用余热锅炉自产的饱和蒸气作为冷却介质,在第一段冷却器中,工艺气从504℃冷却到420℃,在第二段冷却器中,工艺气从428℃冷却到381℃,然后通过第三段催化床,在转化塔下部的第三段冷却器中被锅炉水进一步冷却,最后去WSA冷凝器。
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