CN111194586A - Fruit tree fertilization device - Google Patents
Fruit tree fertilization device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111194586A CN111194586A CN202010120358.3A CN202010120358A CN111194586A CN 111194586 A CN111194586 A CN 111194586A CN 202010120358 A CN202010120358 A CN 202010120358A CN 111194586 A CN111194586 A CN 111194586A
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
- A01C15/16—Fertiliser distributors with means for pushing out the fertiliser, e.g. by a roller
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种果树施肥装置，包括支撑行走单元、施肥单元、开沟覆土单元和动力单元，撑行走单元包括车架、安装在车架上的转向执行机构以及安装在车架下方的两个前轮和至少一个后轮，两个前轮相互独立，每个前轮分别通过一个转向支架安装在车架上，其中一个前轮上安装有轮毂电机；两个转向支架之间通过转向执行机构连接，同步转向；开沟覆土单元包括开沟机构和覆土机构，开沟机构位于施肥单元的排料机构的前方，覆土机构位于开沟机构后方。本发明的两个前轮相互独立，轮毂电机只驱动其中一个前轮运动，后轮和另一个前轮随动，不接入动力，在转弯时能够自动适应转弯半径和转速差，便于灵活转弯，简化了结构和便于操作。
The invention provides a fruit tree fertilization device, comprising a supporting walking unit, a fertilizing unit, a trenching and covering unit and a power unit. The supporting and walking unit includes a vehicle frame, a steering actuator mounted on the vehicle frame, and two A front wheel and at least one rear wheel, the two front wheels are independent of each other, each front wheel is respectively mounted on the frame through a steering bracket, and a hub motor is installed on one of the front wheels; a steering actuator is passed between the two steering brackets The ditching and soil covering unit includes a ditching mechanism and a soil covering mechanism. The ditching mechanism is located in front of the discharge mechanism of the fertilization unit, and the soil covering mechanism is located behind the ditching mechanism. The two front wheels of the present invention are independent of each other, the in-wheel motor only drives one of the front wheels to move, the rear wheel and the other front wheel follow the movement, and no power is connected, and can automatically adapt to the turning radius and speed difference when turning, which is convenient for flexible turning , simplifies the structure and facilitates operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a fruit tree fertilizing device.
Background
The fertilization is a key operation link in fruit tree production, and plays an important role in the quality and the yield of fruits and the growth of fruit trees. And in some local fruit tree fertilization, a manual ditching and fertilizer spreading mode is adopted, so that the work is heavy and the efficiency is low.
With the development of the large-scale and industrialized planting of fruit trees, fertilizer applicators for fertilizing the fruit trees correspondingly appear; the effect of applying fertilizer around fruit trees in the orchard is optimal; most of the existing fertilizer applicators are of four-wheel structures, the inner wheel and the outer wheel have rotation speed difference in the turning process, and the differential needs to be realized by a differential mechanism, so that the structure is complex, the control is troublesome, and the remote control operation is not facilitated.
In addition, the existing fertilizer applicator is generally large in size, but most of the existing orchards are close planting type, the tree form is mostly short, the operation space is narrow, the operation and the operation are extremely difficult by using the existing chassis with the four-wheel structure, the turning radius is large, the circular application operation is difficult to realize, and in addition, the remote control operation development is inconvenient to carry out on parts such as steering, walking and operation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a fruit tree fertilizing device which is convenient for turning and fertilizing flexibly.
In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
a fruit tree fertilizing device, which comprises a fertilizer applying device,
the supporting and traveling unit comprises a frame, a steering actuating mechanism arranged on the frame, and two front wheels and at least one rear wheel which are arranged below the frame, wherein the two front wheels are independent from each other, each front wheel is arranged on the frame through a steering support, the steering supports and the frame can rotate relatively, and a hub motor is arranged on one front wheel; the two steering supports are connected through a steering actuating mechanism, so that two front wheels can be steered synchronously;
the fertilizing unit is arranged on the frame and comprises a storage hopper and a discharging mechanism connected with the storage hopper;
the ditching and soil covering unit comprises a ditching mechanism and a soil covering mechanism, and the ditching mechanism is positioned in front of the material discharging mechanism of the fertilizing unit and is used for shoveling soil; the soil covering mechanism is positioned behind the ditching mechanism and used for covering soil on the fertilizer;
and the power unit is used for providing power for walking and fertilizing of the fruit tree fertilizing device.
By adopting the structure, because the two front wheels are mutually independent, the wheel hub motor only drives one of the front wheels to move, one of the front wheels is the driving wheel, the rear wheel and the other front wheel follow up without accessing power, and can automatically adapt to the turning radius and the rotating speed difference when turning, thereby being convenient for flexibly turning, and only needing to control the turning angle without respectively adjusting the rotating speed of each front wheel or rear wheel, thereby simplifying the structure and facilitating the operation, creating conditions for remote control and being beneficial to the miniaturization of the fertilizing device.
And the fertilizer is applied after the soil is turned, and the soil is returned to cover the fertilizer, so that the backfilling is realized, the whole process of ditching, applying the fertilizer and backfilling is finished through the fertilizer applying device, the manual backfilling is not needed, and the fertilizer applying efficiency is improved.
Optionally, the steering actuator includes an electric push rod, a push-pull rod, and two transmission assemblies connected to two ends of the push-pull rod, the electric push rod is mounted on the frame, an output end of the electric push rod is connected to the push-pull rod, two ends of the push-pull rod are respectively connected to the two steering brackets through one transmission assembly, and the steering brackets drive the front wheel to deflect.
Optionally, the transmission assembly includes a first connecting arm and a second connecting arm, and a first end of the first connecting arm is connected with the steering bracket and rotates synchronously; the second end of the first connecting arm is hinged to one end of the second connecting arm, and the other end of the second connecting arm is rotatably connected with the push-pull rod.
Optionally, a guide mechanism for axial movement of a push-pull rod is further disposed on the frame, the push-pull rod passes through the guide mechanism, and the guide mechanism limits radial movement of the push-pull rod; the frame is also provided with a locking mechanism for locking the push-pull rod at an axial designated position; scales are arranged on the push-pull rod along the axial direction, and an indicating block used for indicating the scale positions is arranged on the frame.
Optionally, the steering support includes a steering shaft and a U-shaped frame connected to the steering shaft, two ends of the U-shaped frame are connected to two ends of a rotating shaft of the front wheel, and the steering shaft is rotatably mounted on the frame along its axis through a bearing.
Optionally, ditching mechanism includes the ditching shovel that the head set up aslope down, the ditching shovel passes through the mounting bracket and installs in the frame below, earthing mechanism is the earthing plate of connection in ditching shovel rear end, the bin outlet of arranging material mechanism is located the earthing plate below, and the rear side that the position of unloading of earthing plate is located the bin outlet.
Optionally, the upper end of the mounting frame is hinged to the frame, a shock absorption rod is further connected between the mounting frame and the frame, and the shock absorption rod is located on the rear side of the mounting frame.
Optionally, the soil covering plate is horizontally arranged or obliquely arranged towards the rear lower side, and the middle of the soil covering plate is recessed downwards relative to the left side and the right side to form a groove along the front-rear direction.
Optionally, a discharge port is arranged at the lower end of the storage hopper, the discharge mechanism comprises a discharge motor, a discharge shaft, a collecting hopper and a discharge pipe, the discharge motor is connected with the discharge shaft, and the discharge shaft is positioned at the discharge port and used for discharging materials; arrange and seted up a plurality of row's material grooves on the material shaft, the collecting hopper is located row material shaft below, it is connected with the collecting hopper to arrange material pipe upper end, it extends to earthing mechanism below to arrange the material pipe lower extreme.
Optionally, the fruit tree fertilizing device further comprises a rotary tillage mechanism mounted on the frame, and the rotary tillage mechanism is located in front of the ditching mechanism and used for loosening the soil; the frame is provided with a retraction mechanism used for lifting the rotary tillage mechanism upwards to a storage position and lowering the rotary tillage mechanism to a working position, and the retraction mechanism can keep the rotary tillage mechanism at the working position or the storage position.
Optionally, the retraction mechanism comprises a retraction driving mechanism, a group of third connecting arms and a group of fourth connecting arms, the lower ends of the third connecting arms are hinged with the front part of the rotary tillage mechanism, and the upper ends of the third connecting arms are connected with the frame; the lower end of the fourth connecting arm is hinged to the rear portion of the rotary tillage mechanism, the upper end of the fourth connecting arm is connected with the frame in a rotating mode, the frame, the rotary tillage mechanism, the third connecting arm and the fourth connecting arm form a four-bar linkage structure, and the retractable driving mechanism drives the third connecting arm or the fourth connecting arm to rotate around the frame to achieve storage and put down.
Optionally, the retractable driving mechanism is a retractable driving motor, a shaft sleeve which can rotate along the axis of the retractable driving mechanism is horizontally installed on the frame, the upper end of the third connecting arm is fixedly connected with the shaft sleeve, the output end of the retractable driving motor is connected with a transmission shaft, the transmission shaft is located in the shaft sleeve, and the transmission shaft and the shaft sleeve synchronously transmit and transmit torque.
Optionally, the power unit includes an engine, a generator and a storage battery, the engine is connected to the rotary tillage mechanism and the generator respectively, the generator is connected to the storage battery, the storage battery provides power for the retraction mechanism, the steering actuator, the discharging mechanism and the hub motor, and a clutch is further disposed between an output end of the engine and a power input end of the rotary tillage mechanism.
As described above, the present invention has the following advantageous effects: according to the invention, because the two front wheels are mutually independent, the hub motor only drives one of the front wheels to move, one of the front wheels is a driving wheel, the rear wheel and the other front wheel follow up without power, and the turning radius and the rotation speed difference can be automatically adapted during turning, so that the flexible turning is convenient, the turning angle is only controlled, and the rotation speed of each front wheel or rear wheel is not required to be respectively adjusted, so that the structure is simplified, the operation is convenient, conditions are created for remote control, and the fertilizer applying device is beneficial to miniaturization. And the fertilizer is applied after the soil is turned, and the soil is returned to cover the fertilizer, so that the backfilling is realized, the whole process of ditching, applying the fertilizer and backfilling is finished through the fertilizer applying device, the manual backfilling is not needed, and the fertilizer applying efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of an alternative perspective of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the front wheel of FIG. 3 steered at an angle;
FIGS. 5 and 6 are side views of embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a front view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the power unit and the supporting and traveling unit installed in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a supporting and traveling unit with a battery;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the installation of the fertilizing unit and the ditching and soil covering unit in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of FIG. 10 from another perspective;
FIG. 12 is a side view of FIG. 10;
FIG. 13 is a rear view of FIG. 10;
FIG. 14 is an exploded view of the discharge base and shaft;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the installation of the rotary tillage mechanism and the supporting and traveling unit in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the rotary tillage mechanism mounted under the frame;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the rotary tillage mechanism;
fig. 18 is a turning schematic diagram of the fertilizing apparatus.
Part number description:
100-a frame; 101-front wheel; 102-a hub motor; 103-rear wheel; 104-a steering bracket; 104 a-U-shaped frame; 104 b-steering shaft; 105-a first beam;
200-a steering actuator; 201-a push-pull rod; 202-a first connecting arm; 203-a second connecting arm; 204-electric push rod; 205-connecting block; 206-a guide plate; 207-indication block; 208-a keyhole;
300-a fertilizing unit; 301-a support base; 302-a storage hopper; 303-a discharge seat; 304-a discharge motor; 305-a discharge pipe; 306-a discharge outlet; 307-discharge shaft; 308-a discharge groove;
400-a rotary tillage mechanism; 401-a second beam; 402-a rotary tillage seat; 403-rotary tillage cutter; 404-a second pulley; 405-a third connecting arm; 406-a fourth connecting arm; 407-retraction driving mechanism; 408-shaft sleeve; 409-lugs; 410-a first ear mount; 411-a second ear mount;
500-a power unit; 501-a support plate; 502-an engine; 503-a clutch; 504-a first pulley; 505-a generator; 506-a storage battery; 507-a first belt;
600-a ditching mechanism; 601-a mounting frame; 602-furrowing shovel; 603-a shock-absorbing rod; 700-earth covering plate.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
Examples
In this example, the front-rear direction is the forward direction in the advancing direction during fertilization.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, a fruit tree fertilizing device comprises,
the supporting and traveling unit (or called a chassis unit) is used for traveling and supporting all functional components of the fruit tree fertilizing device and comprises a frame 100 (or called a chassis), a steering executing mechanism 200 arranged on the frame 100, and two front wheels 101 and at least one rear wheel 103 which are arranged below the frame 100, in this case, one rear wheel 103, wherein the two front wheels 101 are independent of each other, each front wheel 101 is arranged on the frame 100 through a steering bracket 104, and the steering brackets 104 and the frame 100 can rotate relatively, namely when the steering brackets 104 are driven to rotate relative to the frame 100, the front wheels 101 can be steered; the key point is that only one front wheel 101 is provided with a hub motor 102 as the only driving part for walking, and the rear wheel 103 is not connected with the other front wheel 101; the two steering brackets 104 of the two front wheels 101 are connected through a steering actuator 200, and when the steering actuator 200 is operated, the two front wheels 101 can be synchronously steered in the same direction;
the fertilizing unit 300 is installed on the frame 100 and comprises a storage hopper for storing fertilizer and a discharging mechanism connected with the storage hopper, and the discharging mechanism is used for discharging materials to soil;
the ditching and soil covering unit comprises a ditching mechanism 600 and a soil covering mechanism, wherein the ditching mechanism 600 is positioned in front of the material discharging mechanism of the fertilizing unit 300 and is used for shoveling soil; the soil covering mechanism is positioned behind the ditching mechanism 600 and the material discharging mechanism, and covers soil on the fertilizer after fertilization is completed, so that soil backfilling is realized;
and the power unit 500 is used for providing power for walking and fertilizing of the fruit tree fertilizing device, namely providing power for the hub motor 102, the discharging mechanism and the like.
Because two front wheels 101 are mutually independent, the in-wheel motor 102 only drives one of the front wheels 101 to move, one of the front wheels 101 is a driving wheel, the rear wheel 103 follows the other front wheel 101 without being connected with power, and can automatically adapt to turning radius and rotation speed difference during turning, thereby being convenient for flexible turning, and only needing to control the turning angle without respectively adjusting the rotation speed of each front wheel 101 or rear wheel 103, thereby simplifying the structure and facilitating the operation, creating conditions for remote control and being beneficial to the miniaturization of the fertilizing device. And moreover, the fertilizer is applied after ditching, and the soil is returned to cover the fertilizer, so that backfilling is realized, the whole process of ditching, fertilizing and backfilling is finished through the fertilizer applying device, manual backfilling is not needed, and the fertilizer applying efficiency is improved.
The power unit 500, the fertilizing unit 300 and the ditching and soil covering unit can be respectively an assembly module and can be detachably mounted on the frame 100 through a cross beam or a bracket and the like. The modular structure, simple structure, the assembly and the dismantlement of being convenient for, convenient maintenance or change etc..
As shown in fig. 7, the steering bracket 104 includes a steering shaft 104b and a U-shaped frame 104a connected to the steering shaft 104b, each front wheel 101 is mounted on a rotating shaft, two ends of the U-shaped frame 104a are connected to two ends of the rotating shaft, the steering shaft 104b is rotatably mounted on the frame 100 along its axis through a bearing, and the steering shaft 104b is vertically disposed. The rear wheel 103 is also mounted to the rear of the frame 100 by a rear wheel bracket which is fixed or relatively rotatable with respect to the frame 100, wherein the rear wheel bracket is similar in construction to the steering bracket 104.
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the steering actuator 200 includes an electric push rod 204, a push-pull rod 201, and two transmission assemblies connected to two ends of the push-pull rod 201, each end of the push-pull rod 201 is connected to one of the steering brackets 104 through one of the transmission assemblies, the electric push rod 204 is fixedly mounted on the frame 100, and an output end of the electric push rod 204 is fixedly connected to the push-pull rod 201 through a connection block 205, so as to drive the push-pull rod 201 to move along an axial direction thereof, i.e., the push-pull rod 201 moves left and right, thereby driving the front wheel 101 to deflect left and right through the steering.
In this example, the transmission assembly includes a first connecting arm 202 and a second connecting arm 203 which are rotatably connected, a first end of the first connecting arm 202 is fixedly connected with the steering shaft 104b of the steering bracket 104, and rotates synchronously with the steering shaft 104 b; the second end of the first connecting arm 202 is hinged to the first end of the second connecting arm 203, and the second end of the second connecting arm 203 is rotatably connected to the push-pull rod 201, in this case, the hinge points rotate on a horizontal plane.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the front wheel 101 being deflected to a certain angle, and the electric push rod 204 pushes the push-pull rod 201 to move to the deflected side. The transmission assembly may also adopt other link structures in the prior art, in this case, in order to simplify power and facilitate electric driving, the steering actuator 200 adopts an electric push rod 204, and in other embodiments, a pneumatic or hydraulic push rod structure can be adopted.
In one embodiment, the frame 100 is further provided with a guide mechanism for axial movement of the push-pull rod 201, and the push-pull rod 201 passes through the guide mechanism, and the guide mechanism limits radial movement of the push-pull rod 201.
Specifically, the guiding mechanism is a guiding plate 206 mounted on the frame 100 by bolts, the guiding plate 206 is provided with guiding holes, in this example, two guiding plates 206 are arranged at intervals to ensure the stability of supporting and guiding.
In order to maintain the steering angle, the frame 100 is further provided with a locking mechanism for locking the axial position of the push-pull rod 201, and the locking mechanism is used for locking the push-pull rod 201 at a specified position to prevent the push-pull rod 201 from retracting; the locking mechanism may be a bolt, etc., the guide plate 206 and the push-pull rod 201 are correspondingly provided with locking holes 208, the bolt penetrates through the guide plate 206 and is inserted into the locking hole 208 of the push-pull rod 201 to achieve axial locking of the push-pull rod 201, wherein the push-pull rod 201 is provided with a plurality of locking holes 208 at intervals along the axial direction.
In order to facilitate adjustment and understanding of the steering angle, the push-pull rod 201 is provided with scales along the axial direction, and the frame 100 is provided with an indication block 207 for indicating the scale position, wherein the scales can be linear sizes or angular sizes; i.e., the deflection angle of the front wheel 101 corresponding to the distance the push-pull rod 201 moves to the left and right.
As shown in fig. 18, the relationship between the deflection angle of the front wheel 101 is shown, in which: when O is a turning center point, R is the distance between the turning center point and the center of the rear wheel 103, w is the distance between the front wheel 101 and the rear wheel, l is the distance between the front axle and the rear axle, and alpha is a steering angle, the steering angle is as follows:
according to the above formula, turning steering angles of different turning radii can be set.
As shown in fig. 1 and 10 to 14, in one embodiment, the fertilizing unit 300 is mounted to the rear of the frame 100 by a support base 301, the support base 301 being detachably connected to the frame 100, in this case by bolts; the storage hopper 302 of the fertilizing unit 300 is used for placing fertilizer, a discharge hole is arranged at the lower end of the storage hopper 302, the discharging mechanism comprises a discharging motor 304, a discharging shaft 307, a collecting hopper and a discharging pipe 305, a discharging seat 303 is arranged below the storage hopper 302, and the discharging shaft 307 is rotatably arranged in the discharging seat 303 and is positioned below the discharge hole; the discharging motor 304 is connected with the discharging shaft 307 to drive the discharging shaft 307 to rotate; a plurality of discharging grooves 308 are formed in the discharging shaft 307, the discharging shaft 307 is driven to rotate by the discharging motor 304, quantitative discharging is carried out, the collecting hopper is located below the discharging shaft 307 and used for receiving fertilizer from the discharging shaft 307, the upper end of the discharging pipe 305 is connected with the collecting hopper, and the lower end of the discharging pipe 305 extends to the lower side of the soil covering mechanism; wherein the collecting hopper can be connected with the discharging base 303 as a whole or formed by expanding the upper end of the discharging pipe 305.
In one embodiment, the furrowing mechanism 600 includes a furrowing blade 602 with its head inclined downward (inclined downward toward the front), the furrowing blade 602 is mounted below the frame 100 via a mounting bracket 601, the casing mechanism is a casing plate 700 connected to the rear end of the furrowing blade 602, the discharge opening 306 of the discharge pipe 305 is located below the casing plate 700, and the soil discharge position of the casing plate 700 is located at the rear side of the discharge opening, i.e., the rear end of the casing plate 700 is located behind the discharge opening 306.
In this example, the two discharge pipes 305 extend downward and are bent to the bottom of the casing board 700.
The soil is turned up through the furrowing blade 602, then the fertilizer is delivered into the bottom soil through the discharge pipe 305, and the turned-up soil naturally falls from the rear end of the earthing plate 700 after passing through the earthing plate 700 and covers the fertilizer, so that a series of actions such as turning, fertilizing, backfilling the soil and the like are completed in the process of walking of the fertilizing device, and the fertilizing efficiency is improved; the ditching and soil covering unit is compact in structural design, and an additional power structure is not added.
The upper end of the mounting frame 601 is hinged to the first cross beam 105 arranged on the frame 100, a shock absorption rod 603 is connected between the mounting frame 601 and the frame 100, the shock absorption rod 603 is obliquely arranged on the rear side of the mounting frame 601, the upper end of the shock absorption rod 603 is connected with the frame 100, and the lower end of the shock absorption rod 603 is connected with the mounting frame 601; the damper rod 603 is also called a damper, and a motorcycle damper or the like can be used.
In the advancing process, the shock absorption rod 603 absorbs the shock, so that the influence of the resistance borne by the furrowing blade 602 on the frame 100 is reduced, and the furrowing blade 602 can swing in a small range, is suitable for different terrains and has a profiling function.
In one embodiment, the covering plate 700 is horizontally disposed or obliquely disposed downward and rearward, the middle portion of the covering plate 700 is recessed downward with respect to the left and right sides to form a groove in the front-rear direction, which facilitates the soil of the furrowing blade 602 to smoothly pass through the covering plate 700, and the groove structure prevents the soil from falling down from both sides of the covering plate 700, ensuring the covering of the fertilizer and the refilling of the soil. In this example, the cutting blade 602 is a bar-shaped structure and is detachably mounted at the lower end of the mounting frame 601 by screws so as to be replaced as required.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6 and fig. 15 to 17, in one embodiment, the fruit tree fertilizing apparatus further comprises a rotary tillage mechanism 400 hung under the frame 100 through a second cross member 401, the rotary tillage mechanism 400 is integrally a unit, the second cross member 401 is detachably connected with the frame 100, wherein the rotary tillage mechanism 400 is located at the front part of the frame 100; the rotary tillage mechanism 400 is positioned in front of the ditching mechanism 600 and is used for loosening the soil; for harder soil, the soil cannot be turned up by only the furrowing blade 602, and therefore the rotary tillage mechanism 400 is arranged in front of the furrowing mechanism 600 to loosen the soil, which is convenient for the furrowing blade 602 to turn the soil.
Wherein, because the rotary tillage mechanism 400 extends into the soil when working, and is lower than the positions of the front wheel 101 and the rear wheel 103, when the soil is not needed to be loosened, the walking is influenced, and the rotary tillage mechanism 400 does not work all the time; therefore, when the soil is not needed to be loosened, the rotary tillage mechanism 400 needs to be lifted upwards for folding; therefore, the frame 100 is provided with a retracting mechanism for raising the rotary tillage mechanism 400 up to the storage position and lowering the rotary tillage mechanism 400 down to the working position, and the retracting mechanism can hold the rotary tillage mechanism 400 at the working position or the storage position.
Specifically, the retraction mechanism comprises a retraction driving mechanism 407, a group of third connecting arms 405 and a group of fourth connecting arms 406, wherein the lower ends of the third connecting arms 405 are hinged with the front part of the rotary tillage mechanism 400, and the upper ends are connected with the frame 100; the lower end of the fourth connecting arm 406 is hinged to the rear portion of the rotary tillage mechanism 400, the upper end of the fourth connecting arm is rotatably connected with the frame 100, the rotary tillage mechanism 400, the third connecting arm 405 and the fourth connecting arm 406 form a four-bar linkage structure, and the folding and unfolding driving mechanism 407 drives the third connecting arm 405 or the fourth connecting arm 406 to rotate around the frame 100 to achieve storage and laying down.
As shown in fig. 16 and 17, the rotary tillage mechanism 400 includes a rotary tillage base 402 and rotary tillage blades 403, the rotary tillage blades 403 are mounted below the rotary tillage base 402 through a rotary tillage shaft, the front and rear parts of the rotary tillage base 402 are respectively provided with a first ear base 410 and a second ear base 411, the lower end of a third connecting arm 405 is rotatably connected with the first ear base 410, and the lower end of a fourth connecting arm 406 is rotatably connected with the second ear base 411; similarly, the frame 100 is also provided with ear seats for connecting the third connecting arm 405 and the fourth connecting arm 406.
In this example, the retraction driving mechanism 407 is a retraction driving motor, a shaft sleeve 408 which can rotate along the axis of the frame 100 is horizontally installed at the front end of the frame 100 through a support lug 409, the upper end of the third connecting arm 405 is fixedly connected with the shaft sleeve 408, the output end of the retraction driving motor is connected with a transmission shaft, the transmission shaft is located in the shaft sleeve 408, and the transmission torque is synchronously transmitted between the transmission shaft and the shaft sleeve 408; the transmission shaft and the shaft sleeve 408 transmit torque through flat position matching, and the transmission shaft and the shaft sleeve 408 can be in a regular hexagon structure or other flat square structures. Receive and release driving motor and rotate, drive third connecting arm 405 through transmission shaft and axle sleeve and rotate to lift rotary tillage mechanism 400 or put down (realize going up and down promptly), lock the transmission shaft when the motor stall, thereby with rotary tillage mechanism 400 locking at operating position or storage position.
In other embodiments, a push rod mechanism may be used to push the third connecting arm 405 to rotate around its hinge point with the frame to achieve the lifting.
Wherein, install the second belt pulley 404 that is used for inserting power on rotary tillage seat 402 to pass through the belt transmission power with power unit 500, pass through gear train or belt transmission power between second belt pulley 404 and the rotary tillage axle.
In one embodiment, the power unit 500 includes a battery 506, and the above-described mechanisms are powered by the battery 506.
In another embodiment, to ensure sufficient power, the power unit 500 further includes an engine 502 and a generator 505, the engine 502 is a small gasoline or diesel engine, and one output of the engine 502 is connected to the generator 505 to generate electricity; the other path is connected to the rotary tillage mechanism 400 to provide power for the rotary tillage mechanism 400.
The generator 505 is connected with a storage battery 506, and converts mechanical energy into electric energy for storage, and the storage battery 506 provides power for the retraction driving motor, the electric push rod 204, the discharge motor 304 and the hub motor 102.
In this example, power unit 500 is integrated into a support plate 501 to form an assembly, and support plate 501 is detachably mounted to frame 100 to facilitate modular installation.
Wherein, the power unit 500 further comprises a first belt pulley 504, the first belt pulley 504 is connected with the second belt pulley 404 of the rotary tillage mechanism 400 through a first belt 507 to transmit power; a third pulley is connected to the generator 505, and the first pulley 504 and the third pulley are connected by a second belt so as to transmit power to the generator 505.
In order to facilitate the switching of the working state of the rotary tillage mechanism 400, a clutch 503 is further arranged between the output end of the engine 502 and the power input end of the rotary tillage mechanism 400, specifically, the clutch 503 is arranged between the output end of the engine 502 and the first belt pulley 504, and the clutch 503 is supported by a clutch seat arranged on the supporting plate 501; when the rotary tillage mechanism 400 does not work, the clutch 503 is separated, and when the rotary tillage mechanism 400 works, the clutch 503 is combined; in this example, the clutch 503 is an electromagnetic clutch for easy control.
In this example, the frame 100 forms a closed circle along the circumferential direction, including a front beam and left and right side beams, and may be provided with a shorter rear beam or without a rear beam; the frame 100 is a substantially trapezoidal or triangular structure, the front portion of the frame 100 is higher than the rear portion, and a plurality of mounting positions can be arranged on the frame 100 so as to mount each assembly unit; the installation position of the engine 502 and the installation position of the in-wheel motor 102 form a diagonal relationship, for example, in this example, the in-wheel motor 102 is installed on the right front wheel 101, and the position of the engine 502 on the frame 100 is close to the left, so that the weight is evenly distributed and the rollover is prevented; the rotary tillage mechanism 400, the power unit 500 and the fertilization unit 300 are sequentially arranged along the front-back direction, the structure is compact, and the weight distribution is reasonable.
According to the invention, because the two front wheels 101 are mutually independent, the in-wheel motor 102 only drives one of the front wheels 101 to move, one of the front wheels 101 is a driving wheel, the rear wheel 103 follows the other front wheel 101 without being connected with power, and the turning radius and the rotating speed difference can be automatically adapted during turning, so that the flexible turning is convenient, only the turning angle needs to be controlled, the rotating speed of each front wheel 101 or rear wheel 103 does not need to be respectively adjusted, the structure is simplified, the operation is convenient, conditions are created for remote control, and the fertilizer applying device is beneficial to miniaturization.
The fertilizer is applied after the soil is turned, the soil is returned to cover the fertilizer, the backfilling is realized, the whole process of ditching, applying the fertilizer and backfilling is finished through the fertilizer applying device, the manual backfilling is not needed, and the fertilizer applying efficiency is improved.
In addition to the rotary tillage mechanism 400, the storage battery 506 supplies power to the retraction driving motor, the electric push rod 204, the discharging motor 304, the hub motor 102, the electromagnetic clutch and the like, and is beneficial to realizing remote control operation by controlling the motors.
Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
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| CN202010120358.3A CN111194586A (en) | 2020-02-26 | 2020-02-26 | Fruit tree fertilization device |
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| CN202010120358.3A CN111194586A (en) | 2020-02-26 | 2020-02-26 | Fruit tree fertilization device |
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| CN118542109A (en) * | 2024-07-29 | 2024-08-27 | 长春职业技术学院 | Automatic fertilizer distributor is used in saline and alkaline land planting |
| CN119032698A (en) * | 2024-09-26 | 2024-11-29 | 海南大学 | Small-sized electric control self-propelled district breeding corn planter |
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