CN111191385B - Analysis method for electric automobile power assembly configuration - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an analysis method for a power assembly configuration of an electric automobile, and belongs to the technical field of new energy automobile power assembly parts. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises a power assembly configuration generation searching method, a power assembly configuration working mode set establishing method, a power assembly configuration topological structure pool establishing method and a power assembly configuration performance analyzing method. The method shortens the feasibility judgment time of the configuration, reduces the calculated amount of performance analysis, and solves the problems of high time cost and the like of the power assembly configuration performance analysis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy automobile power assembly parts, and relates to an analysis method for electric automobile power assembly configuration.
Background
The electric automobile comprises three types, namely a storage battery pure electric automobile, a fuel cell electric automobile and a hybrid electric automobile, wherein the former two types are driven by one or more motors independently or jointly, currently, the electric automobile mainly comprises three electric drive systems, namely a single-motor integrated type electric drive system, a double-motor coupled type electric drive system and a multi-motor distributed type electric drive system, the latter electric drive system is driven by an internal combustion engine and one or two motors independently or jointly, and currently, the electric automobile mainly comprises four types, namely a single-motor parallel type electric drive system, a double-motor serial type electric drive system, a double-motor series-parallel type electric drive system and a double-motor power split type hybrid power system. Among the seven drive systems, the double-motor coupled electric drive system has the characteristics of large energy-saving potential, wide efficient operation area and the like, has good development prospect, and the single-motor parallel hybrid power system has the characteristics of simple arrangement, good production inheritance and the like, and is adopted by a large number of automobile manufacturers. The two systems are characterized in that a proper power assembly needs to be designed to realize reasonable power distribution among different power sources, so that the running oil/electricity consumption of the electric automobile is reduced and the acceleration performance is improved, and therefore, the power assembly configuration of the electric automobile is designed to be an important research field of new energy automobiles. In the existing research, although several power assemblies with better economic performance are proposed, an exhaustive search and performance analysis method for the configuration of the power assembly is not proposed, so that the rest power assemblies with excellent performance cannot be found, and meanwhile, the problems of large calculation amount, high time cost and the like are faced when the exhaustive search and analysis of the configuration are carried out.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides an analysis method for a powertrain configuration of an electric vehicle, which can analyze a powertrain configuration scheme of a pure electric vehicle using a single power source or dual power sources and a hybrid electric vehicle using dual power sources, and provide a systematic analysis process for searching and analyzing the powertrain configuration scheme. In addition, by providing the method for establishing the working mode set, the topological structure pool and the configuration map, the feasibility judgment time of the configuration is shortened, and the calculated amount of performance analysis is reduced, so that the problems of high time cost and the like of the power assembly configuration performance analysis are solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an analysis method for electric automobile power assembly configuration specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: the power assembly configuration generation and search method comprises the following steps: obtaining all power assembly configuration schemes meeting the constraint conditions of the number of the system parts by using an expression and exhaustive search method of the power assembly configuration, and primarily screening the power assembly configuration schemes according to the constraint conditions of the mechanical structure;
s2: the method for establishing the working mode set of the power assembly configuration comprises the following steps: analyzing the working mode of an 'ideal' power assembly configuration with the largest number of executing mechanisms by utilizing a dynamic equation analysis method of the working mode of the power assembly system, and establishing a working mode set according to the characteristics of the power flow and the like of the system;
s3: the method for establishing the topological structure pool of the power assembly configuration comprises the following steps: combining mathematical information of the configuration obtained by an exhaustive search method, obtaining the working mode composition condition of each power assembly configuration scheme, judging the feasibility of the configuration scheme, and establishing a topological structure pool and a corresponding configuration map of the power assembly;
s4: a performance analysis method for establishing a power assembly configuration comprises the following steps: performing simulation analysis on the performance of elements in the topological structure pool to obtain a power assembly topological structure meeting performance indexes; and obtaining the power assembly configuration meeting all constraint conditions according to the configuration map of the power assembly.
Furthermore, the analysis method is suitable for pure electric vehicles adopting a single power source or double power sources and hybrid electric vehicles adopting double power sources. When the research object is a pure electric vehicle with single power source or double power sources, the power source of the system is one or two electric motors, the power transmission/coupling mechanism of the system can be various types, such as a single-stage reducer, an automatic transmission and a planetary gear mechanism, and the actuating mechanism of the system is a plurality of clutches and/or brakes and/or synchronizers. When the research object is a hybrid electric vehicle with double power sources, the power sources of the system are a traditional internal combustion engine and an electric motor, the power coupling mechanism of the system can be of various types, such as a planetary gear mechanism, an automatic transmission, a planetary gear mechanism and an automatic transmission, and the actuating mechanism of the system is a plurality of clutches and/or brakes and/or synchronizers.
Powertrain configuration is defined as the arrangement and relative positions of the components of the powertrain.
The powertrain topology is defined as a geometric figure capable of describing the connection relationship of the parts of the power system.
Further, in step S1, the system components include: the power component comprises a power source and an automobile wheel end; the power coupling device is a power coupling mechanism and/or a power transmission mechanism; the actuating mechanism is a clutch and/or a brake;
the expression method of the powertrain configuration includes but is not limited to: simulating a lever method, a graph theory method, an associated matrix method, a bonding graph method and the like to realize the description of the structural information of the power assembly configuration by using the numerical variables, thereby establishing the mapping relation between the system configuration and the numerical variables;
the mechanical structure constraints include: mechanical structure constraint conditions of connecting system components and actuator arrangement position constraint conditions.
Further, in the step S2, the operation mode of the "ideal" powertrain configuration is analyzed, including a system power flow path and a system dynamic equation;
each element in the working mode set consists of a system dynamic equation and a corresponding numerical variable, so that the corresponding relation among the numerical variable, the system power flow path and the system dynamic equation is established.
Further, in step S2, any one of the working modes of any powertrain configuration corresponds to one of the elements in the working mode set.
Further, the step S3 specifically includes: numbering the working modes of the power assembly configurations according to the working mode set to obtain the working mode composition condition of each power assembly configuration; according to the working mode composition condition of each power assembly configuration, isomorphism judgment is carried out on the power assembly configuration, the corresponding relation between the system configuration and the topological structure is established, and a topological structure pool and a corresponding configuration map are established.
Further, in step S3, any one of the powertrain configurations corresponds to one element in the topology pool.
Further, the step S4 specifically includes: establishing an energy management strategy of the power assembly, wherein the energy management strategy comprises but is not limited to an instantaneous energy management strategy based on minimum equivalent fuel and an energy management strategy based on dynamic planning; the topological structure meeting certain performance indexes is obtained by performing simulation analysis on the performance of each power assembly topological structure, so that the performance of the power assembly configuration meeting different part constraint conditions is obtained according to the configuration map.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can analyze the configuration schemes of the power assembly of the pure electric vehicle adopting a single power source or double power sources and the hybrid electric vehicle adopting double power sources, and provides a systematic analysis flow for the generation, the search, the feasibility judgment, the performance analysis and the configuration screening of the configuration scheme of the power assembly.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
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For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an analysis method for an electric vehicle powertrain configuration according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for establishing a working mode set according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a set of operation modes according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for establishing a topology pool and a configuration map according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present invention preferably uses a correlation matrix method to generate and search the powertrain configuration of a hybrid electric vehicle with two power sources, and uses an energy management strategy based on dynamic programming to analyze the performance of the powertrain configuration.
In the step of generating and searching the hybrid power system configuration, the embodiment adopts an incidence matrix method to perform exhaustive search on the hybrid power system configuration. The correlation matrix method establishes a basic dynamic equation as shown in formula (1) according to the dynamic characteristics of an engine, a motor, a stepless automatic transmission, a stepped transmission and a planetary gear mechanism.
Wherein subscripts e, m, and d denote an engine node, a motor node, and a wheel end node, respectively; subscripts CVTp and CVTs denote the drive and driven pulley nodes, respectively, of a continuously variable automatic transmission (CVT); subscripts FGs and FGb respectively represent the drive and driven gear nodes of the stepped transmission (FG); subscripts PGs, PGr, and PGc denote sun, ring, and carrier nodes, respectively, of the planetary gear mechanism (PG); I.C. A x 、
And T x Respectively representing the moment of inertia, the angular acceleration and the torque of each node; t is CVTp 、i CVT And η CVT Respectively representing the transmission torque, the transmission ratio and the transmission efficiency of the CVT; f FG And F PG The circumferential forces of meshing gears of FG and PG are respectively expressed; z FGs And Z FGb Respectively showing the tooth numbers of a driving gear and a driven gear of FG; z PGs And Z PGr Respectively, the numbers of teeth of the sun gear and the ring gear of the PG.
And establishing a correlation matrix C and a correlation matrix E to describe the connection relation between the system components according to the position and the working state of the clutch. The two incidence matrixes are unit diagonal matrixes in the initial stage, wherein the matrix C is used for describing the connection relation between different nodes and reflecting the working state of the clutch, and the matrix E is used for describing the working state of the nodes and reflecting the working state of the brake.
From the position and operating state of the clutch, the connection state between the nodes can be determined, and element C can be determined using equation (2) i,j And C j,i The value of (c):
the diagonal line element E can be determined using equation (3) according to the operating states of the brake and the component and the connection state between the nodes k,k The value of (c):
taking the interconnection of node 8 (sun node of PG) and node 9 (ring node of PG) with node 8 braked, the element C of the matrix C is according to equation (2) because the sun node of PG is connected to the ring node 8,9 And C 9,8 Changing from 0 to 1 as shown by the rectangular box in equation (4). According to the operating characteristics of the planetary gear mechanism, PG rotates integrally at this time, so that the sun gear node, the ring gear node and the carrier node of PG have the same rotation speed, and thus element C of matrix C 8,10 、C 10,8 、C 9,10 And C 10,9 Changing from 0 to 1 as indicated by the diamond in equation (4).
Since the point 8 is braked, the element E of the matrix E is according to equation (3) 8,8 Changing from 1 to 0 as shown by the rectangular box in equation (5). At this point, PG rotates as a unit, so nodes 9 and 10 are also braked, so that element E of matrix E 9,9 And E 10,10 Changing from 1 to 0 as shown by the diamond in equation (5). At the same time, PG will not work, so that element C of matrix E 16,16 Changing from 1 to 0 as shown by the oval in equation (5).
The matrices C and E thus describe not only the operating states of the hybrid vehicle in the different operating modes, but also the connection relationships between the power components (engine, motor, and wheels), the power coupling component (planetary gear mechanism), and the power transmitting component (transmission), and the clutch/brake. Therefore, the structural information of the hybrid power system configuration can be expressed by using the numerical variable through the basis matrix equation and the incidence matrix, and the generation search of the hybrid power system can be realized by changing the element values in the incidence matrix.
By simplifying the formula (1) into the formula (6) and utilizing the formula (7), kinetic equations of the system in different working modes can be analyzed.
A 0 α 0 ＝H 0 (6)
In the step of establishing the working mode set of the hybrid power system, all working modes of an 'ideal' hybrid power system configuration are obtained by changing the working state of an actuating mechanism, and system dynamic equations of all working modes are analyzed through matrix operation by utilizing the formula (7) and linear algebraic knowledge, so that the feasibility of the working modes is judged. The system power flow path and the system dynamics equation are used as elements, statistical analysis is performed on all the working modes, a working mode set of the embodiment can be established, and the establishing process is shown in fig. 2. In the set of operation modes, one incidence matrix may correspond to one element in the set of operation modes, and one element in the set of operation modes may correspond to several incidence matrices.
In view of the cost and manufacturing difficulty of the hybrid system, the hybrid system of the present embodiment includes a conventional internal combustion engine, an electric motor, a planetary gear mechanism, and a CVT automatic transmission, the number of actuators (clutches and/or brakes) does not exceed 4, and the number of clutches in the "ideal" configuration is 11. Therefore, an operation mode set established by the present embodiment is shown in fig. 3, and includes 30 elements.
In the step of establishing the topology pool of the hybrid power system, each configuration of the hybrid power system in this embodiment may be regarded as being composed of a plurality of elements in the working mode set, so according to the working mode set, the working modes of each configuration of the hybrid power system may be numbered. The combination situation of the working modes is used as an element, statistical analysis is performed on all the hybrid power system configurations, a topology structure pool of the embodiment can be established, in the process of establishing the topology structure pool, the corresponding relation between each hybrid power system configuration and the element in the topology structure pool can be obtained, and the establishing process is shown in fig. 4. In this embodiment, one hybrid system configuration may correspond to one element of the topology pool, and one element of the topology pool may correspond to several hybrid system configurations.
In the performance analysis step of the hybrid power system, the embodiment adopts an energy management strategy based on dynamic programming to analyze the fuel economy and the dynamic performance of the configuration. The fuel economy performance of the hybrid power system is evaluated by the fuel consumption per hundred kilometers under a certain working condition, and the cost function is shown as a formula (8) and comprises the total energy loss of the hybrid power system, a penalty function for maintaining the SOC and a penalty function for avoiding frequent change of the working state of the system:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
respectively representing the cost, the state variable and the control variable of the system in the kth stage of the fuel economy performance simulation; p fuel Represents fuel consumption; p ele Represents the power consumption; p is req Representing the required power; p ext Indicating the current battery charge SOC k Restore to the initial charge SOC ini The power required, reflecting the offset of the SOC; Δ ω e 、Δi CVT And Δ Mode represents the variation amounts of the engine speed, the CVT speed ratio, and the operation Mode switching, respectively; beta is a x Representing a weight; p e And b e Respectively representing the output power and the fuel consumption rate of the engine; q fuel Represents the calorific value of gasoline; p m And η m Respectively representing the output power and the working efficiency of the motor; eta bat 、Q bat And R bat Respectively representing the working efficiency, capacity and internal resistance of the battery.
The dynamic property of the hybrid power system is evaluated by the acceleration time of the automobile from static acceleration to a certain speed on a horizontal road surface, and the cost function is shown as the formula (9):
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
respectively representing the cost, the state variable and the control variable of the system in the kth stage of the dynamic simulation; f d 、F f And F w Respectively representing the traction force, the rolling resistance and the air resistance of the automobile; v. of k Representing the speed of the automobile in the k stage; Δ v represents the amount of change in vehicle speed; m represents the mass of the automobile; δ represents a rotation mass conversion coefficient.
And (3) performing simulation analysis on the performance of each element in the topological junction pool by establishing a model of each system component and utilizing the established energy management strategy. According to the performance indexes, the topological structure meeting the constraint conditions can be obtained, and therefore the hybrid power system configuration meeting the constraint conditions and the performance indexes of different parts is obtained according to the configuration map obtained in the step of establishing the topological structure pool.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method for analyzing the configuration of the power assembly of the electric automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: the power assembly configuration generation and search method comprises the following steps: obtaining all power assembly configuration schemes meeting the constraint conditions of the number of the system parts by using an expression and exhaustive search method of the power assembly configuration, and primarily screening the power assembly configuration schemes according to the constraint conditions of the mechanical structure;
s2: the method for establishing the working mode set of the power assembly configuration comprises the following steps: analyzing the working mode of an 'ideal' power assembly configuration with the maximum number of execution mechanisms by utilizing a dynamic equation analysis method of the working mode of the power assembly system, and establishing a working mode set according to the characteristics of the power flow of the system;
s3: the method for establishing the topological structure pool of the power assembly configuration comprises the following steps: combining mathematical information of the configuration obtained by an exhaustive search method, obtaining the working mode composition condition of each power assembly configuration scheme, judging the feasibility of the configuration scheme, and establishing a topological structure pool and a corresponding configuration map of the power assembly;
s4: a performance analysis method of the power assembly configuration comprises the following steps: performing simulation analysis on the performance of elements in the topological structure pool to obtain a power assembly topological structure meeting performance indexes; and obtaining the power assembly configuration meeting all constraint conditions according to the configuration map of the power assembly.
2. The method for analyzing the power train configuration of the electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the system components comprise: the power component comprises a power source and an automobile wheel end; the power coupling device is a power coupling mechanism and/or a power transmission mechanism; the actuating mechanism is a clutch and/or a brake;
the expression method of the power assembly configuration comprises the following steps: simulating a lever method, a graph theory method, an associated matrix method and a bonding graph method to realize the description of the structural information of the power assembly configuration by using the numerical variables, thereby establishing the mapping relation between the system configuration and the numerical variables;
the mechanical structure constraints include: mechanical structure constraint conditions of connecting system components and actuator arrangement position constraint conditions.
3. The method for analyzing the powertrain configuration of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the operation mode of the "ideal" powertrain configuration is analyzed, which includes a system power flow path and a system dynamic equation;
each element in the working mode set consists of a system dynamic equation and a corresponding numerical variable, so that the corresponding relation among the numerical variable, the system power flow path and the system dynamic equation is established.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S2, any one of the operation modes of any powertrain configuration corresponds to one of the elements in the operation mode set.
5. The method for analyzing the power train configuration of the electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 specifically comprises: numbering the working modes of the power assembly configurations according to the working mode set to obtain the working mode composition condition of each power assembly configuration; according to the working mode composition condition of each power assembly configuration, isomorphism judgment is carried out on the power assembly configurations, the corresponding relation between the system configuration and the topological structure is established, and a topological structure pool and a corresponding configuration map are established.
6. The analysis method for the powertrain configuration of the electric vehicle as recited in claim 5, wherein in the step S3, any powertrain configuration corresponds to one element in the topology pool.
7. The method for analyzing the power train configuration of the electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 specifically comprises: establishing an energy management strategy of the power assembly, wherein the energy management strategy comprises an instantaneous energy management strategy based on minimum equivalent fuel oil and an energy management strategy based on dynamic planning; the topological structure meeting certain performance indexes is obtained by performing simulation analysis on the performance of each power assembly topological structure, so that the performance of the power assembly configuration meeting different part constraint conditions is obtained according to the configuration map.
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