CN1111910C - Be used to store explosion-proof, the extinguishing method and the automatic safety device of flammable liquid container - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides explosion-proof a, extinguishing method and an automatic safety device that stores the flammable liquid container with what.Explosion-proof is will be in the container top surface upper shed, and the size of opening has regulation, and opening is by its switching device control, and its switching device is controlled by automated system.Require the switching device of these openings, sealing down usually, thermal source or big fire influence is being arranged, when container inner pressure or vessel wall temperature exceeded License Value, the switching device of vessel port is breakdown automatically, constantly discharged a large amount of steam in order to avoid blast.Steam burns above exhaust outlet and produces flame, and extinguishing method is a thermal effect of utilizing the extinguisher and flammable liquid and the steam that are installed in vessel port, extinguishes automatically to reach the flame that makes the exhaust outlet top and might occur in the container.So just can ensure the safety of the flammable liquid in the container, also the accident of averting a calamity property takes place simultaneously.

Description

Be used to store explosion-proof, the extinguishing method and the automatic safety device of flammable liquid container

Affiliated technical field:

The present invention relates to explosion-proof, extinguishing method and automatic safety device, especially for explosion-proof, extinguishing method that stores the flammable liquid container and automatic safety device.

Technical background:

The exploitation of oil and flammable liquid, refining System, application, storage and transportation all can use oil depot, oil tanker, oily car (comprise and carry oily train), fuel tank or the like; these all relate to container; and container all adopts seal type; because the protection of shell; does the flammable liquid of the inside directly touch kindling material and the chance of catching fire is very little, is that what reason is still caught fire them easily actually? this is because the intrinsic character of flammable liquid causes.When there is heat conduction in the external world or is struck by lightning, make shell of tank generation high temperature, cause the flammable liquid gasification in the container, press Strong to increase sharply, when the bearing the Strong degree and keep out incessantly vapour pressure Strong of container, ， And thereby catch fire just blasts.Blast and the container that catches fire become new kindling material and thermal source again, can prestige assist other container again, and the intensity of a fire will constantly enlarge and stretch.Flammable liquid-dawn catches fire, just-Fa irremediable, around often can fieryly reaching again, serious harm human life and property destroy biological environment.This destruction is-and Ding is inevitable, and even the oily fire of burning has been put out, last oil also becomes waste product because of the infiltration of extinguishing chemical, and the rescue process also can consume a large amount of man power and materials.

The most frequently used method of prior art is a cooling method, needs with a large amount of cooling agents to prevent intensity of a fire expansion and to stretch; Chemical fire foam is also little to large-area oily fire action; Explosive charge fire fighting method and the oil that utilizes jet aircraft engine Strong air flow spraying also to be impractical in the large tracts of land container are fiery, and people do not have effective extinguishing method so far yet to catching fire of the flammable liquid in the large tracts of land container.

Prior art Su787046 has proposed-kind of extinguishing device, and this device comprises-container that individual collection trickle is used, settle tubular article along the container surrounding, on cross section, be covered with pipe, tubular axis is parallel with chamber wall, this device is positioned in-individual groove in, this groove be placed on holding liquid equipment below.In the use embodiment of this device, scheme I is used for its steam and does not form the liquid fire extinguishing that mixture produces detonation with air, and there is very big volume the following chamber of pipe, and promptly the length of pipe is the height less than container.Scheme II is used for its steam can form the liquid fire extinguishing that mixture produces detonation with air, and the height of pipe equates with the height of container, pipe-be to be drilled with the hole partly a bit, with the liquid level of tube wall in the regulating tank.The device that prior art Su787046 carried is that the liquid that is used for having been burnt by the external world flows into back in the container that this device is housed and the effect of fire extinguishing, this container is as the usefulness of collecting external liquid, but not liquid storage container, it also will place in the geosyncline, face under the liquid storage container.This extinguishing device has its special use.Prior art Su, A, 1463317 devices of carrying, it is characterized in that strengthening the bore of the column tube of constituent apparatus, additional closing in accessory above the mouth of pipe, many pipes of constituent apparatus are to be covered with along the container entire cross section, are used for the fire prevention and the fire extinguishing effect of the flammable liquid in the container.

Prior art Su, A, the device that is provided in 1463317 has following problem to the fire prevention and the fire extinguishing effect of the flammable liquid in the container:

1. do not propose explosion precaution, the container of flammable liquid is closed, meets thermal capacitance and easily blasts, if safety device is contained in the container, when blasting, can causes device to damage, and lose its fire prevention and fire-extinguishing function concurrently.

2. pipe must be covered with the cross section of entire container, occupies a large amount of vessel spaces, to bulk container, just needs wide variety of materials and huge installing engineering, and needization are taken very big investment.

3. fire prevention and fire-extinguishing function concurrently can only be just effective under normal temperature condition.If shell of tank is in high temperature or liquid temperature when reaching boiling point, said apparatus just loses its effective efficiency.

Container is struck by lightning or the influence of external high temperature thermal source, sets off an explosion and the ， And that catches fire enlarges the intensity of a fire and stretches, and this is dangerous and the most fearful sight, therefore on the problem of catching fire of flammable liquid, container explosion-proof be primarily must solution problem.Flammable liquid in the closed container influences Shi ， And non-blast immediately when what be subjected to extraneous thermal source, but oil temperature constantly rises, constantly produce steam, steam constantly assembles and vessel pressure Strong constantly increases, keep out when not living vapour pressure Strong when the Strong degree that bears of container, just blasts and catch fire.The speed of blasting depends on the big or small and far and near of the extraneous intensity of a fire, and promptly extraneous thermal source is to the speed of container firing rate.Therefore the pressure Strong and the steam of constantly releasing of Kong System steam are explosion-proof key points.If have-individual mouthful or a plurality of mouthfuls on the container, these mouthfuls are being sealed down usually, when vapour pressure Strong surpasses the work pressure Strong of container, or chamber wall reach-during fixed temperature, these openings of container are opened, steam is released out, avoid steam to assemble in container, blast just can prevent.The steam that above-mentioned situation releases out meets in air that fire can burning, claims that in this article it is inflammable steam, and a large amount of inflammable steam is released out to ascend into the sky and is harmful to, so steam burning is not bad thing, how it is put out, and be the problem place.

Disclosure of an invention:

Main purpose of the present invention is to provide-kind make explosion-proof, the extinguishing method and the automatic safety device of the container that stores flammable liquid, and it can protect flammable liquid, and the container that makes it can be explosion-proof under the situation of meeting heat.After treating that thermal source is eliminated the effects of the act, the flame of extinguisher top can extinguish automatically, makes it not become new kindling material or thermal source.Above storing the container of flammable liquid, open-individual mouthful or a plurality of mouthfuls, the size of opening has regulation, have when the external world under the influence of kindling material or thermal source, press Strong to increase gradually, under specific pressure Strong, or the temperature of chamber wall constantly rises, at the automatic breakdown of specified temp under shed, the steam of constantly releasing can be avoided blast, the explosion-proof method of Here it is container, but the flammable liquid that opens wide in the container of opening but can and and catch fire by fire.Wire netting or corrugated metal are effective flame arresters, suppose that the container top surface opening part loads onto this flame arrester, flame just can not invaded vessel level, flame is above flame arrester, after the kindling material in the external world or thermal source were eliminated the effects of the act, the flame of flame arrester top still burnt away, and this container just becomes new kindling material or thermal source, liquid evaporation in container is intact, and burning just stops ending.In fact, if flame arresters such as wire netting or corrugated metal are contained in the container upper end opening part, when container need be released a large amount of steam, just become resistance, even can wash out flame arrester, therefore unworkable.If steam drain place, container top loads onto extinguisher provided by the present invention, as shown in Figure 6, extinguisher is less to the resistance that air-flow forms, and steam can unimpededly be released, and the steam of releasing out is to burn, and how to put out a fire is one of the object of the invention.Extinguishing method of the present invention is based on fire prevention, and from broad terms, fire prevention is best and extinguishing method the most completely, and explosion-proof can the fire prevention, extinguishing method that the present invention carries comprises this generalization.Between flammable liquid in the container and air, produce separator, this separator is that the steam by the flammable liquid in the column tube that has the what extinguisher forms, this steam forms air flow upwards, the diffusion of blocks air in container, make anoxic in the container, the concentration of steam exceeds combustion limits, so flame can not be lighted steam such as liquid in the container, this separator plays effectively anti-fire action, and its fireproof necessary condition is: $H=3D_0{(\sqrt{D}+1)}^2,$ D ₀＜φ25mm， $S_0\≤\frac{S}{25},$ D wherein ₀Be the diameter of the column tube of described extinguisher, H is the height of pipe; S ₀Be the sectional area of vessel port, S is that the lateral cross section of liquid storage container is long-pending, and D is the diameter in vessel port cross section, and unit is a rice, and D only gets its numerical value in the formula.

For the container that fills a large amount of flammable liquids, when chamber wall was influenced by high temperature heat source, the liquid in the container can produce a large amount of inflammable steam, this inflammable steam is released by opening part, then this inflammable steam burning when meeting fire, in the present invention, this flame burns above extinguisher.Eliminate Hou in case extraneous thermal source adds thermal impact to container, the flame of extinguisher top can extinguish automatically.Thereby this container just can not become new kindling material or thermal source, influences near the container its.By in the fire-extinguishing test of the present invention as can be known, putting out the method for the flame above extinguisher, is with the liquid heat in the container, and around container Fabric puts a certain amount of gasoline And ignition, make big fire to the liquid heat number in the container minute, liquid constantly produces a large amount of inflammable steam, and the flame of extinguisher top burns De Gengwang, the extinguisher place what condition of high temperature, when a certain amount of gasoline burns down burn-out Hou, promptly stop the liquid heat in the container, the flame of extinguisher top can extinguish automatically.When having fire to take place, it is to burn that container is met fire for explosion-proof steam of releasing, and flame is above extinguisher.Heated by big fire by the liquid in the what container, along with the increase that produces inflammable steam, the flame of extinguisher top increases Strong, the temperature of extinguisher also constantly rises, in case big fire stops the heating to container, the thermal effect of flammable liquid, inflammable steam is reduced rapidly, and surplus have a spot of inflammable steam to produce, and these a spot of inflammable steam pass through extinguisher, under the extinguisher high temperature action, inflammable steam is converted into common steam through the thermal effect process, and this steam is well beyond its ignition temperature limit, and it is non-flammable meeting fire, inflammable steam transforms disappearance fully, and flame has also just extinguished automatically.The necessary condition of extinguisher fire extinguishing: $H=3D_0{(\sqrt{D}+1)}^2,$ D ₀＜φ 25mm, S ₀≤ S so container be explosion-proof, the NSC of fire prevention and fire extinguishing: $H=3D_0{(\sqrt{D}+1)}^2,$ D ₀＜φ 25mm,

D wherein ₀Aperture for the column tube of described extinguisher; H is the height of pipe; S ₀Sectional area for vessel port; S is that the lateral cross section of container is long-pending; V is a container liquid storage amount volume, and unit is a litre, and D is the diameter in vessel port cross section, and unit is a rice, and D only gets its numerical value in the formula.And the K value in the formula is relevant with the shape of pipe, cylindrical tube: $K=4.68\frac{d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀Diameter for cylindrical tube; The square column jecket: $K=\frac{2d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀Be the square inscribed circle diameter; The regular hexagon column jecket: $K=1.9\frac{d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀Be the regular hexagon inscribed circle diameter; The isosceles trapezoid column jecket: $K=\frac{2d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀Be the high of isosceles trapezoid or the mean value of bottom side length up and down; More than various in d be pipe thickness

The generation of the flame of extinguisher top, increase and connect and extinguish, come down to the generation of inflammable steam, the process that increases and reduce rapidly, also being the process that the flammable liquid in the container is heated and stops to be heated, is the process of flammable liquid and steam heat effect, and the present invention utilizes and thisly controls fire with heat, the thermal effect of controlling fire with fire reaches method for extinguishing fire, so claim that this extinguishing method is the thermal effect fire fighting method.

The notion of eucalyptus routine being talked fire extinguishing and tending to and use extinguishing chemical to connect, and cool but method is the most frequently used extinguishing method, and employed extinguishing chemical mainly is a water.But extinguishing method proposed by the invention is different with cool method, extinguishing method of the present invention is the thermal effect fire fighting method, its employed extinguishing chemical is not a water, neither have employed any extinguishing chemical now, but with inconsistent fire of water and heat, generally these fire and heat are to reach the effect of fire extinguishing by the heat of big fire in the what fire and thermal source with suiting measures to local conditions.General the most frequently used extinguishing method has isolation method, smother play, and four kinds of cool but method and inhibition methods no matter which kind of extinguishing method just all take place to use with Hou at fire, is the burning condition that has produced in order to destroy, and end chain reaction.And extinguishing method proposed by the invention is based on fire prevention and explosion-proof, and it is to comprise broad sense extinguishing method explosion-proof, that prevent fires and put out a fire.Flammable liquid in the container evaporates steam, steam forms separator in flame-out organ pipe, and this separator and flammable liquid, it is permanent and deposit in the container of extinguisher is housed, separator is with the whole surface and the air permanent sequestration of flammable liquid, and forever stop the diffusion of air in container, even have a mind to allow flame touch the interior flammable liquid of container, its ignition is caught fire, when serious fire takes place, big fire can not enter fire and flammable liquid in the container, along with fluid temperature raises, and this fire resistance property Strong of healing.Big fire or thermal source are to the temperatures involved of container, unavoidably be bound to make the flammable liquid in the container to produce inflammable steam, in container internal cause anoxic, its concentration is well beyond combustion limits, and can not be lighted, the burning three elements can not be concured on the liquid level in container, burning condition is destroyed, and the chain reaction theory thinks that burning is a kind of chain reaction of free radical, that petty liquid level is restrained as the free radical of chain reaction, and burning can not take place at liquid level.Explosion-proof inflammable steam of releasing is out discharged in the top by Xi Huo Qi And and is entered atmosphere, meet fire burns, flame is above extinguisher, extinguisher absorbs the flame burning heat and locates what high temperature, in case big fire or thermal source stop the heating to container, the thermal effect of flammable liquid, inflammable steam is reduced rapidly, surplus have a spot of inflammable steam to produce, and these a spot of inflammable steam are by extinguisher, under the extinguisher high temperature action, inflammable steam is converted into common steam through the thermal effect process, this steam is well beyond its ignition temperature limit, and it is non-flammable meeting fire, and inflammable steam transforms disappearance fully, so just combustible is converted into noncombustibles, though there are a large amount of air and flame in the extinguisher top, does not have combustible again, burning condition is destroyed again, in other words, in a single day free radical disappears, and then burning can't continue to keep, so the flame of extinguisher top has just extinguished rapidly automatically.Clearly, the thermal effect fire fighting method is absolutely different with the existing extinguishing chemical that uses with the extinguishing method of aflame combustible and air, flame isolation.The present invention's carry in vessel level by the formed separator of steam, regardless of the liquid level size, it can both be at synchronization, for good and all cover the whole liquid surface, this be utilize the extinguishing chemical fire fighting method can't accomplish, especially occur in the large-area oil fire of container, it is very difficult just attempting with present state-of-the-art extinguishing chemical that the liquid level that whole large tracts of land will seethed and flame, air separate, and separate the thing of not accomplishing especially at synchronization.Extinguishing chemical is sprayed onto on the pasta, and it is assorted that liquid in the container is oozed, even become waste product.Wind also causes difficulty to common fire fighting method, and the thermal effect fire fighting method is not subjected to its influence, and under the situation of wind Strong strength, still fire extinguishing does not hinder easily.

Obviously, the flame of extinguisher top extinguishes from producing to, and the length of flame combustion intensity and time is all closely bound up with container thermal source or big fire outward.Controlling extraneous thermal source or big fire is unusual important problem to the influence of container, and ways of addressing this issue is that around container will be provided with to draw and lets out groove.Draw and let out poor being applied in explanation is arranged in the fourth embodiment of the invention.This is a part of forming extinguishing method of the present invention.Utilize vessel port to release steam to reach explosion-proof purpose, again with extinguisher stop flame invade in the container and the method for utilizing thermal effect to reach the purpose of fire extinguishing, Here it is is used to store explosion-proof, the extinguishing method and the automatic safety device of flammable liquid container.

Be mounted in container top surface opening top exhaust ports according to extinguisher provided by the invention, the opening above it is as exhaust outlet.Extinguisher is to be made of the parallel Bing row of many column tubes combination, and the pipe diameter is D ₀＜φ 25mm, length $H=3D_0{(\sqrt{D}+1)}^2,$ The about 0.4mm of thickness.Extinguisher cooperates with valve then with cylindrical, and its diameter of section D=opening latus rectum is not if extinguisher cooperates with valve, then can be many shapes, skin has housing firmly closely to encase ， And screw is arranged, so that install and fix, column tube is by not firing with stainless steel System with its housing.Constitute the column tube diameter of extinguisher or the size of sectional area, to explosion-proof opposite fully with the influence fire extinguishing effect, caliber D ₀＞25mm is above, and fire-extinguishing function concurrently is poor more along with diameter increases, but help more explosion-proof, diameter D ₀Below＜the 25mm, increase Strong along with diameter reduces fire-extinguishing function concurrently, but be unfavorable for more explosion-proof, therefore need the amount of averaging out, get D ₀About=19mm or sectional area be S=283mm ²About, the height of pipe $H=3D_0{(\sqrt{D}+1)}^2,$ The height that increases pipe is no doubt beneficial to the effect of fire prevention and fire extinguishing, but must consider the economic principle of design work.

Steam burns above extinguisher, passes to chamber wall for fear of heat from extinguisher, and then liquid heat is heated up, and quickens evaporation of liquid and causes damage, and therefore wants the additional insulation circle between vessel port and extinguisher.When thermal source away from container, when influence with thermal radiation, the Hou of the inflammable steam discharge of the flammable liquid generation in the container, possible Mi overflows in atmosphere, for fear of fire and explosive risks takes place, therefore around steam outlet, ignition device to be arranged, make inflammable steam enter atmosphere at the beginning and just lighted.Valve and pump will be under working temperature could operate as normal, for the working temperature of ， Bao Certificate valve and pump when big fire is arranged, ensure the as received basis rope of valve and pump, at valve and pump periphery protective cover to be arranged, protective cover is to be made by refractory thermal insulating material.The switching device of vessel port is to adopt valve mechanism:

According to explosion-proof, extinguishing method provided by the invention and automatic safety device, made up by valve, insulating collar and extinguisher, be vertically mounted on vessel port place top, valve is to combine with flange seal with container, this automatic safety device, when shell of tank during in high-temperature heating, can be explosion-proof, after thermal source was eliminated the effects of the act, the flame of extinguisher top can extinguish automatically.Under normal temperature condition, this safety device can be prevented fires again, even when valve opening, the flammable liquid ignition in the container is caught fire there being kindling material above the container.

According to explosion-proof, extinguishing method provided by the invention and automatic safety device, comprising: the valve that vertically is installed on container upper shed place that reaches at container inner pressure or vessel wall temperature-can open automatically during definite value; Connect the insulating collar that links to each other with described valve; With the extinguisher that is connected with described valve perforation by insulating collar; Be placed on the protective cap on the extinguisher; And extinguisher is provided with ignition device all around and the valve periphery is provided with protective cover.Wherein extinguisher and insulating collar, valve are to have round-shaped with container top surface upper shed same diameter D, in the extinguisher the Hang And row of Ping to be densely covered with many diameters be D ₀, height H, wall thickness is the column tube of d.

According to explosion-proof, extinguishing method provided by the invention and automatic safety device, wherein said valve is the safety valve that can reach at container inner pressure-open automatically during definite value.

According to explosion-proof, extinguishing method provided by the invention and automatic safety device, wherein said valve is a driver's valve, in container top surface and container top surface Shang Kai Kou And row pressure inductor is installed, inductor induction container inner pressure,-when Dinging force value or be contained in the temperature of the temperature inductor induction chamber wall of chamber wall, when-fixed temperature value, inductor sends induced signal and passes to connected electronic or pneumatic means, and electronic or pneumatic means passes to connected driver's valve with drive signal again and makes its breakdown.The switching device of vessel port is to adopt floating roof structure:

According to provided by the invention explosion-proof, extinguishing method and automatic safety device, wherein said insulating collar and extinguisher are to be vertically mounted on vessel port place Shang ， And and automatic drawing liquid pump by flange, and aspiration pump constitutes.This automatic safety device, when shell of tank during in high-temperature heating, can be explosion-proof, the thermal source Hou of eliminating the effects of the act, the flame of extinguisher top can extinguish automatically, and this safety device can be prevented fires again under normal temperature condition.

According to explosion-proof, extinguishing method provided by the invention and automatic safety device, be included in vessel wall temperature reach-can automatically actuated drawing liquid pump and aspiration pump during definite value; The vertical flange that connects upper shed place of what container; Connect the insulating collar that links to each other with described flange; With the extinguisher that is connected with described flange perforation by insulating collar; Protective cap on the lid what extinguisher and the ignition device around the extinguisher top and the protective cover of pump periphery.Do not need and valve cooperates by the what vessel port, so vessel port can be garden shape or other many kinds of shapes, flange wherein, the shape of extinguisher and insulating collar is identical with the shape of vessel port, its sectional area is S ₀It is, parallel in the extinguisher that to be densely covered with many diameters side by side be D ₀, highly be H, wall thickness is the column tube of d.

According to explosion-proof, extinguishing method provided by the present invention and automatic safety device, the sectional area of container top surface upper shed is S ₀, the diameter of container top surface upper shed is D, and the relation between the container liquid storage amount volume V is determined by following formula; S ₀=1.4nV (1+K)/litre (mm) ²

Wherein n is the anti-explosion safety coefficient, n 〉=1, and the unit of V is a litre, the K value is as follows in the formula: cylindrical tube: $K=4.68\frac{d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀Diameter for cylindrical tube; The square column jecket: $K=\frac{2d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀Be the square inscribed circle diameter; The regular hexagon column jecket: $K=1.9\frac{d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀Be the regular hexagon inscribed circle diameter; The isosceles trapezoid column jecket: $K=\frac{2d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀Be the high of isosceles trapezoid or the mean value of bottom side length up and down.More than various in d be pipe thickness.

According to explosion-proof, extinguishing method provided by the invention and automatic safety device, wherein around the container that automatic safety device is housed, also be furnished with and collect the drawing of flammable liquid of releasing and let out feeder.Draw and let out feeder 24 as shown in Figure 4, flow into just self-extinguishing in this feeder but flow out the liquid that is burning when the external world.

According to explosion-proof, extinguishing method provided by the invention and automatic safety device, wherein the diameter of the column tube of extinguisher is D ₀＜25mm, the diameter of cylindricality body are D ₀The best during=18 ± 3mm.The height of column tube $H=3D_0{(\sqrt{D}+1)}^2.$

According to explosion-proof fire-extinguishing method provided by the invention and automatic safety device, the sectional area S of container top surface upper shed ₀Satisfy following condition, extinguisher could play anti-fire action: $S_0\≤\frac{S}{25},$ Wherein S is long-pending for the container lateral cross section.Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiments of the invention are described:

Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are used to store the explosion-proof of flammable liquid container for the present invention, the embodiment sketch of fire extinguishing automatic safety device.

Fig. 5 A, Fig. 5 B are the end view and the top view of the insulating collar of safety device of the present invention.

Fig. 6 A, Fig. 6 B, 6C, 6D, 6E, 6F, 6G, 6H are the end view and the top view of the extinguisher of safety device of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is an explosive test device sketch of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a fire-extinguishing test device sketch of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a fire-extinguishing test device sketch of the present invention.

Three reads Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are used to store the sketch of four kinds of embodiment of automatic safety device of flammable liquid container for the present invention.

Figure 1 shows that the present invention the-embodiment; wherein the container label is 1; opening 11 in this container 1 upper end is connected with safety valve 3 by flange 2, insulating collar 4; safety valve 3 connects with extinguisher 5 by heat insulation Fig. 4 again; flat row And arranges and puts column tube 6 in the extinguisher 5; And has protective cap 7 on it, and extinguisher has ignition device 25 around the top, is with protective cover 26 outside valve.Fill flammable liquid 8 in the container 1, flammable liquid 8 expanded by heating and gasification in container 1, its pressure surpasses-when fixed limit is spent, then safety valve 3 is opened, inflammable steam 12 in the container 1 is discharged by opening 11, arrange to the external world by safety valve 3 and extinguisher 5, thereby the pressure in the reduction container 1 is avoided causing container 1 blast because of hypertonia.Simultaneously, the inflammable steam 12 of discharging from container 1 will burn as kindling material in the upper shed of extinguisher 5, because the effect of extinguisher 5, make the burning that occurs in extinguisher 5 upper sheds place can not fire and import into and light its interior flammable liquid 8 in the container 1, flame burns above extinguisher 5, consume the inflammable steam 12 of discharging, avoid these gases to enter contaminated environment in the atmosphere.And and, owing between safety valve 3 and the extinguisher 5 insulating collar 4 is housed, makes the combustion heat that takes place in extinguisher 5 upper sheds place can not conduct, thereby avoid container 1 to accept the more heat accelerated warming to container 1, flammable liquid 8 evaporation capacity increase, and increase the exhaust load of safety valve 3.In addition, flammable liquid 8 evaporation capacity increases also can cause the flammable liquid loss.

In case extraneous thermal source is to container influence elimination Hou, the flame of extinguisher top can extinguish automatically, thereby reaches the purpose of fire extinguishing.

Fig. 2 is a second embodiment of the invention; wherein container 1; opening 11 in this container 1 upper end links to each other with driver's valve 3 by flange 2, insulating collar 4; driver's valve 3 is connected with extinguisher 5 by insulating collar 4 again; the Hang And of Ping arranges and is equipped with column tube 6 in the extinguisher 5; and protective cap 7 is housed on it, and extinguisher has ignition device 25 around the top, is with protective cover 26 outside valve.Fill flammable liquid 8 in the container 1, inductor 9 also is equipped with in this external container 1 top, and inductor 9 is connected with electronic or pneumatic means 10.Flammable liquid 8 expanded by heating and vaporization in container 1, its pressure or vessel wall temperature produce induced signal by inductor 9 inductions, when pressure or temperature surpass License Value, inductor 9 work, pass to this induced signal electronic or pneumatic means 10, make electronic or pneumatic means 10 work, open connected driver's valve 3 releases, thereby reduce the pressure in the container 1, avoid container 1 to explode because of high pressure.After container 1 release, inflammable vapour 12 is wherein discharged by driver's valve 3, extinguisher 5 by opening 11, when meeting kindling material, this inflammable vapour 12 burns, because of the effect of extinguisher 5 is arranged, make this burned flame can not pour into to light in the container 1 flammable liquid 8, flame is the opening part burning above extinguisher 5, thereby consumes the inflammable steam 12 of releasing in the container 1, avoid these gases to enter contaminated environment in the atmosphere, even cause detonation.In addition, because between driver's valve 3 and the extinguisher 5 insulating collar 4 is housed, the fire that occurs in extinguisher 5 upper sheds place can not conduct heat to container 1, thereby avoids container 1 to accept the more heat accelerated warming, flammable liquid 8 evaporation capacity increase, and increase the exhaust load of driver's valve.In addition, flammable liquid 8 evaporation capacity increases also can cause the flammable liquid loss.

In case extraneous thermal source is to container influence elimination Hou, the flame of extinguisher top can extinguish automatically, thereby reaches the purpose of fire extinguishing.

Among first and second embodiment, the switching device of vessel port 11 is valves (safety valve, driver's valve) 3, its channel cross-section is rounded, so vessel port 11 and extinguisher 5 cross sections are also rounded, the column tube 6 that constitutes extinguisher 5 can be circular column jecket, square column jecket, regular hexagon column jecket and isosceles trapezoid column jecket, shown in Fig. 6 A-6H, difform column tube has different K values: cylindrical tube: $K=4.68\frac{d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀Diameter for cylindrical tube; The square column jecket: $K=\frac{2d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀Be square inscribed circle isosceles trapezoid column jecket: $K=\frac{2d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀Be the high of isosceles trapezoid or the mean value of bottom side length up and down, more than various in d be pipe thickness.The shape of selected column tube 6, to determine the K value, container is explosion-proof, fire prevention and fire extinguishing condition:

S ₀Be the sectional area of vessel port 11 and extinguisher 5, S is container 1 sectional area, and V is a container liquid storage amount volume, and unit is a litre.The diameter of section of vessel port 11 and extinguisher 5 $D=1.13\sqrt{S_0},$ Column tube 6 height that constitute extinguisher 5 are tried to achieve by following formula: $H=3D_0{(\sqrt{D}+1)}^2\mathrm{mm}$ D wherein ₀Be column tube 6 internal diameters, D is vessel port 11 and extinguisher 5 diameter of sections, and unit just can be selected the latus rectum D of valve (safety valve, driver's valve) by the D value for rice.

Fig. 3 is a third embodiment of the invention, wherein container 1 adopts the oil tank of floating roof structure, switching device is made up of floating plate 16, buoyancy module 15 and sealing ring 14, opening 11 adpting flanges 2 in this container 1 upper end, by insulating collar 4 and extinguisher 5 sealed attachment, the parallel column tube 6 that is arranged side by side in the extinguisher 5.On it and have a protective cap 7, extinguisher has ignition device 25 around the top, is with protective cover 26 outside pump.Fill flammable liquid 8 in the container 1, when container 1 shell wall temperature surpasses License Value, inductor 9 work, send to induced signal electronic or pneumatic means 10, make electronic or pneumatic means 10 work, drive drawing liquid pump 18, liquid is poured in floating plate 16 and the buoyancy module 15, the liquid of floating plate 16 can produce steam and enter space segment and air mixed in the container, and strong especially by what flammable liquid 8 volatility, this mixing gas can exceed its combustion limits very soon.When floating plate 16 and a certain amount of liquid Hou of buoyancy module 15 injections; floating plate 16 can sink down into container 1 bottom; install 17 work of 10 driving pumps; container closure circle 14 interior filling rising thing is extracted out; signal is through certain time-delay; device 10 is opened protective cap 7 again, and a large amount of inflammable steam 12 that produced of container 1 interior liquid 8 like this is not because of liquid level has stopping of floating plate 16 and sealing ring 14.Discharge by extinguisher 5 by opening 11,, avoid container 1 to explode because of overstocking to reach constantly release steam and release effect.When inflammable steam is discharged, meeting fire can burn, because of the effect of extinguisher 5 and sealing ring 13 is arranged, air can not enter in the container 1, this burned flame can not be poured into light flammable liquid 8 in the container 1, flame is the opening part burning above extinguisher 5, thereby consumes by the inflammable steam of releasing out in the container 1, avoids these gases to enter contaminated environment in the atmosphere.In addition because flange 2 and flame-out entering in the container 1, this burned flame can not be poured into light flammable liquid 8 in the container 1, flame is the opening part burning above extinguisher 5, thereby consumes by the inflammable steam of releasing out in the container 1, avoids these gases to enter contaminated environment in the atmosphere.In addition owing between flange 2 and the extinguisher 5 insulating collar 4 is housed, the fire that occurs in extinguisher 5 upper sheds place can not be with heat transferred container 1, thereby avoids container 1 to accept the more heat accelerated warming, makes the increase of flammable liquid 8 evaporation capacity and causes damage.In case extraneous thermal source is to container influence elimination Hou, the flame of extinguisher top can extinguish automatically.

In the present embodiment, the switching device of vessel port 11 is floating roof structures, and vessel port 11 and extinguisher 5 cross sections can be rounded and other shape, and its sectional area is S ₀, the column jecket 6 that constitutes extinguisher 5 can be circular column jecket, square column jecket, regular hexagon column jecket and isosceles trapezoid column jecket, shown in Fig. 6 A-6H, difform column tube has different K values: cylindrical tube: $K=4.68\frac{d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀Diameter for cylindrical tube; The square column jecket: $K=\frac{2d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀Be the square inscribed circle diameter; The regular hexagon column jecket: $K=1.9\frac{d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀Be the regular hexagon inscribed circle diameter; The isosceles trapezoid column jecket: $K=\frac{2d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀Be the high of isosceles trapezoid or the mean value of bottom side length up and down, more than various in d be pipe thickness.The shape of selected column tube 6 is to determine the K value.Container is explosion-proof, fire prevention and fire extinguishing condition: S ₀Be the sectional area of vessel port 11 and extinguisher 5, S is container 1 sectional area, and V is a container liquid storage amount volume, and unit is a litre.The diameter of section of vessel port 11 and extinguisher 5 $D=1.13\sqrt{S_0},$ Column tube 6 height that constitute extinguisher 5 are tried to achieve by following formula $H=3D_0{(\sqrt{D}+1)}^2\mathrm{mm}$ D wherein ₀Be column tube 6 internal diameters, D is vessel port 11 and extinguisher 5 diameter of sections, and unit is a rice

Fig. 4 is a fourth embodiment of the invention, wherein container 19 is containers of representing among first three embodiment, it has had explosion-proof and has put out a fire from safety device, in order to make container 19 safety and in fire, reduce fuel consumption more, external mobile combustion of liquid is reduced to a minimum to the influence of container 19.When being heated except that container 19, inductor 9 induced signals are sent to electronic or pneumatic means is opened opening, and the inflammable steam of releasing is out met fire and can be burnt, and this burned flame is in the extinguisher top.Meanwhile, also must let out feeder and be used in combination with drawing, what make container 19 explosion-proofly has a double shield.Draw the effect of letting out feeder 24 and be to make and release the liquid that burning and 21 flow into and compile Hous in the basin 23, introduce feeder 24 along specific small stream road.Small stream road 21 leaves-set a distance the shell wall of burned flame and container 19, and the liquid that is burning flows into feeder 24 meeting auto extinguishings, reach the liquid of collecting outflow, also reduced the influence of heated liquids in the container 19, draw that to let out feeder 24 be to be embedded under the ground 20.Feeder 24 with compile basin 23 and connect, it is by being fixed on the opening of extinguisher 5 upper ends on the feeder, the opening 11 beneath with compiling basin 23 is connected and communicates.The liquid that is burning as outflow is on ground 20 when flowing to container 19, liquid can be let out small stream road 21 and flows into and compile in the basin 23 along drawing, compile the beneath opening 11 of basin 23, by being housed, extinguisher 5 flows in the feeder 24, the liquid that is burning flows into meeting self-extinguishing in the feeder 24, and the gas that it is arranged in feeder 24 is discharged by exhaust villous themeda 22, in order to make flame can not enter the liquid level of feeder, also to load onto extinguisher 5 on steam discharge villous themeda top, Hou in the combustion of liquid that is flowing all flows into feeder 24, draw to let out small stream road 21 and compile and do not had the liquid that burning in the basin 23, flame on the extinguisher 5 also can extinguish automatically, so just can reduce the influence that produces high heat when the flow direction container 19 that is burning is arranged rapidly, avoid the liquid of 19 li in container to be subjected to heat to reach fluidized state, displacement reaches maximum, further ensures the safety of container 19.

Draw let out feeder feature at what, on the pre-face of a closed container, open two mouths, a mouth is a liquid inlet, another mouthful be an exhaust outlet, connects long tube ， And the blast pipe upper shed is basseted, liquid inlet is connected with the extinguisher perforation with exhaust outlet.But the extraneous liquid that is burning that flows out flows into just self-extinguishing in the feeder by liquid inlet.If the sectional area of liquid inlet and exhaust pipe mouth is respectively S ₀₁And S ₀₂, then $S_{01}+S_{02}\≤\frac{S}{25}.$ Wherein S is long-pending for drawing the lateral cross section of letting out the feeder container, and S ₀₁〉=S ₀₂Get column tube diameter D in the extinguisher ₀=φ 16mm, highly $H=48{(\sqrt{D}+1)}^2,$ Drawing the fire-extinguishing function concurrently of letting out feeder is more showing.

Could container 1 will leave great bore be explosion-proof? through experiment, when the Strong degree that bears of container 1 is 1.6 kilograms/cm ², contacting entirely with big fire around the container 1, the liquid in the container is fluidized state, air displacement reaches maximum, container 1 aperture area S ₀With the ratio y of container capacity V (unit is litre) be: Be S ₀＞1.4V/ litre (mm) ²Just can be explosion-proof.If the minimal security bore of container 1 explosion-proof required opening 11 is D, then

Because the column tube 6 of extinguisher 5, wall thickness d occupies partial cross section, and air-flow is formed resistance, in order to eliminate this resistance, therefore following formula is revised.S ₀〉=1.4V (1+k)/litre (mm) ², And K is a correction, and the K value is the pipe thickness that air-flow is formed resistance, and the occupation rate on the vessel port unit are is called wall thickness resistance three number, and it is relevant with pipe thickness and caliber, and is also relevant with the shape of pipe, below is the K value of basic configuration pipe: cylindrical tube: $K=4.68\frac{d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀Diameter for cylindrical tube; The square column jecket: $K=\frac{2d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀Be the square inscribed circle diameter; The regular hexagon column jecket: $K=1.9\frac{d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀Be the regular hexagon inscribed circle diameter; The isosceles trapezoid column jecket: $K=\frac{2d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀Be the high of isosceles trapezoid or the mean value of bottom side length up and down, more than various in d be pipe thickness in test of the present invention, constitute the column tube of extinguisher, when its cross section is 283 ± 80mm ²To explosion-proof the most suitable with the fire extinguishing effect, the aperture D of therefore corresponding basic configuration column jecket ₀For: 1) cylindrical tube aperture: D ₀=19 ± 3mm2) square inscribed circle diameter D ₀=17 ± 3mm3) regular hexagon inscribed circle diameter D ₀The D of=18 ± 3mm4) isosceles trapezoids ₀=17 ± 3mm (trapezoidal high D ₀=on when going to the bottom the average length of side) so the average calibre of column tube be D ₀=18 ± 3mm, pipe thickness d=0.4 ± 0.1 (mm) container top surface upper shed sectional area S ₀, S ₀〉=1.4 (1+K) V/ litre mm ²Or use S ₀=1.4 (1+K) nV/ litre mm ³Circle hatch bore diameter D on the expression container top surface, Or use

Represent that wherein V-container liquid storage amount volume, unit are litre; N-anti-explosion safety coefficient, n 〉=1n obtains big more, and the container ， Dan System that can not explode more causes that this is high more.

Around container ground is offered to draw and is let out groove, and when breaking out of fire, flammable liquid that releases and kindling material are let out the small stream road away from container along drawing, and this is explosion-proof more favourable to container.The heat of radiant heat transfer is to weaken along with the increase of distance; thermal radiation is big with the influence that container directly contacts not as flame to the influence of container; but for a long time thermal radiation also can cause-as container blast and catch fire; the container that safety device provided by the invention is housed is under specific pressure Strong or reach the steam And that can release automatically under the specified temp at chamber wall enough displacements are arranged; overcome the influence of extraneous thermal source, container is unlikely blasts in protection.But the non-horse back of inflammable Zheng Qi And away from kindling material is lighted, and Mi overflows in atmosphere if a large amount of inflammable steam is released out, meets fire detonation can take place.Therefore will be provided with automatic ignition device at inflammable steam outlet, inflammable steam just be discharged at the beginning lighted, flame burns above extinguisher, in case extraneous thermal source is eliminated, no longer container is exerted an influence, and the flame of extinguisher top can extinguish automatically.

Insulating collar provided by the present invention such as Fig. 5 A, shown in the 5B, 31 is screw among the figure, and 32 is internal diameter, and with valve latus rectum size-sample, 33 is external diameter, and with valve housing size-sample, it is to be become by fire-resistant, Jue Re Cai Liao System.

Extinguisher provided by the present invention is shown in Fig. 6 A, 6B, 6C, 6D, 6E, 6F, 6G, 6H, and 6 is column tube, and 35 is shell, and 34 is screw.Its major function is self-extinguishing, isolate the effect of flame and pasta, play anti-fire action at normal temperatures, mainly be to be combined into honeycomb ceramics by the Hang And row of many column tube 6 Ping, the honeycomb ceramics skin is a shell 35, and shell 35 is firm close-coupled with honeycomb ceramics, shell has screw 34, is convenient to be fixedly connected with screw and insulating collar 4 valves 3.Set up protective cap 7 (see Fig. 1, Fig. 2 is among Fig. 3) above extinguisher 5, the most handy stainless, the high temperature resistant material material System of extinguisher 5 and shell thereof becomes, and invades valve 3 with antirust thing, influences the quality of valve 3.Constitute honeycomb ceramics external diameter and the opening 11 or the valve 3 latus rectum size-samples of extinguisher 5, and column tube 6 diameter of formation extinguisher 5 influence directly and the fire extinguishing effect explosion-proof, just in time opposite to both influences, be D so get equilibrium valve ₀=18 ± 3mm.Process of the test: I. explosive test: the purpose of test, the vessel port bore and the liquid volume ratio=y of searching safety anti-explosive, experimental rig is as shown in Figure 7.Choose three and bear the Strong degree and be 1.6 kilograms per centimeter with Bao Tie Pi System one-tenth, volume is 5.6 liters a container 1, above container, open φ 50.8mm respectively, the mouth of φ 25.4mm and φ 19.05mm, φ 50.8mm burn-ons respectively above mouth, φ 25.4mm and φ 19.05mm, length is the iron pipe 52 of 100mm, and the mouth of pipe of φ 50.8mm is equipped with extinguisher, φ 19.05mm iron pipe in addition-end is to have screw thread And to have 5 pipe caps 53, bores φ 8mm respectively, φ 5mm, φ 3mm, the hole 55 of φ 2.5mm and φ 2mm.Carry out following 8 kinds of tests: the step 1) opening is the container 1 of φ 50.8mm, the 5 liters of gasoline of packing into, be placed on φ 270mm, height is on the basin 54 of 100mm, 54 li an amount of gasoline of also packing into of basin, then the gasoline of 54 li in basin is lighted, big fire is heating around container, after two or three minutes, and the steam burning of mouth of pipe top, gasoline after several minutes in the container evaporates, not also not distortion of blast of container.Step 2) be the container 1 of φ 25.4mm with opening, the 5 liters of gasoline of packing into are placed on the basin 54 that gasoline is housed, and do same heating process, and the gasoline in the container evaporates, and container is blast not, also not distortion.The step 3) opening is the container 1 of φ 19.05mm, and 5 liters the gasoline of packing into is placed on the basin 54 that gasoline is housed, and does same heating process, and the gasoline in the container evaporates, and container does not have blast, is provided with distortion yet.The step 4) opening is the container 1 of φ 19.05mm, 5 liters the gasoline of packing into, on 52 mouthfuls of pipes with on be drilled with the pipe cap 53 in the hole 55 of φ 8mm, container 1 is placed on the basin 54 that gasoline is housed, does same heating process, the gasoline in the container evaporates, container is blast not, also not distortion.The step 5) opening is the container 1 of φ 19.05mm, 5 liters the gasoline of packing into, on 52 mouthfuls of pipes with on be drilled with the pipe cap 53 in the hole 55 of φ 5mm, container 1 is placed on the basin 54 that gasoline is housed, does same heating process, the gasoline in the container evaporates, container is blast not, also not distortion.The step 6) opening is the container 1 of φ 19.05mm, 5 liters the gasoline of packing into, on 52 mouthfuls of pipes with on be drilled with the pipe cap 53 in the hole 55 of φ 3mm, container 1 is placed on the basin 54 that gasoline is housed, does same heating process, the gasoline in the container evaporates, container is blast not, also not distortion.The step 7) opening is the container 1 of φ 19.05mm, 5 liters the gasoline of packing into, on 52 mouthfuls of pipes with on be drilled with the pipe cap 53 in the hole 55 of φ 2.5mm, container is placed on the basin 54 that gasoline is housed, does same heating process, the gasoline in the container evaporates, container does not explode yet, but container has slight distortion.The step 8) opening is the container 1 of φ 19.05mm, 5 liters the gasoline of packing into, on 52 mouthfuls of pipes with on be drilled with the pipe cap 53 in the hole 55 of φ 2mm, container is placed on the basin 54 that gasoline is housed, do same heating process, container 1 is blasted.Above process of the test all has the steam ejection on managing 52 mouthfuls, and steam all burns, and the strong degree of its Strong is that Strong is strong more along with container 1 opening bore is more little, and Strong is strong for the steam flow that φ 2mm hole is sprayed.Result of the test: to 5 liters gasoline, carry out heat for 1 li at container, the liquid in the container has been fluidized state, and air displacement reaches maximum, and the aperture is the not quick-fried lowest calibre of container for φ 3mm, so the ratio of the long-pending S of container minimal security opening section and volume V, $y=\frac{S}{V},$ y ₀=π r ²/ 5 liters=(3.14 * 1.5 ²Mm ²)/5 liter=1.4mm ²/ litre vessel port bore D 〉=φ 3mm, bore is big more, can not blast more, so vessel safety opening section and liquid volume is than y 〉=1.4mm ²/ litre.II. fire-extinguishing test: test objective: the column tube 6 bore D that determine to constitute extinguisher 5 ₀Size and height H when can play the fire extinguishing effect.The device of fire-extinguishing test as shown in Figure 8,1 is container among the figure, 5 is extinguisher, 6 is column tube, 54 is heating plate.Process of the test is as follows: step 1) is got earlier-cylindrical container, and diameter is φ 120mm, and height is 180mm, and no loam cake, the gasoline of packing into be to the capacity of container 2/5, igniting, gasoline combustion, flame in container, till gasoline burns down, just burn-out.Step 2) get-cylindrical container, diameter is φ 120mm again, and height is 180mm, no loam cake, the 2/5 capacity gasoline of packing into covers vessel port with thinner wire netting; And places (the basin cross section is greater than container section) on the basin 54 that gasoline is housed with it, with the igniting of the gasoline in the basin, making it has flame combustion on the wire netting soon to the container heating, flame is not invaded in the container, gasoline in the basin burns down flame-out, and the flame on the wire netting still burns away, and is just flame-out till the gasoline in the container burns down.Step 3) such as experimental rig are shown in Figure 8, get-the straight gently container 1 of 300mm in cross section, and the mouth 61 of φ 120mm is opened in the top, and the diameter of burn-oning is φ 120mm, and height is the extinguisher 5 of 180mm, constitutes the column tube 6 of extinguisher 6, diameter D ₀Be φ 25mm, height H=180mm is with the gasoline of the 2/3 capacity container 1 of packing into, container 1 is put on the basin 54 that an amount of gasoline is housed again, with the gasoline igniting of 54 li in basin, make it with high temperature container 1 to be heated then, there is flame combustion extinguisher 5 tops, the gasoline that basin is 54 li has burnt down, the flame of extinguisher 5 tops weakens, but flame has been invaded column tube 6 upper parts, and the intensity of a fire is very faint, need to cover oral area with object (as plank, ground paper skin), flame just extinguishes.Step 4) gets-and diameter of section is the container 1 of φ 300mm, and the top opening is the opening 61 of φ 120mm, burn-ons-extinguisher 5, and its external diameter is φ 120mm, constitutes the column tube 6 of extinguisher 5, its diameter D ₀=19mm, highly be H=180mm, gasoline is poured into the capacity of container 1 about container 2/3, container 1 is placed on the basin 54 that gasoline is housed, and the gasoline igniting with 54 li in basin makes it with high temperature container to be heated, soon also there is flame combustion extinguisher 5 tops, flame is not invaded in the container, and the gasoline that basin is 54 li burns down and put out a fire, and the flame of extinguisher 5 tops extinguishes immediately automatically.Step 5) gets-and diameter of section is the container 1 of φ 300mm, and the top opening is the opening 61 of φ 120mm, burn-ons-extinguisher 5, and its external diameter is φ 120mm, constitutes the column tube 6 of extinguisher 5, diameter is D ₀=19mm, highly be H=120mm, gasoline is poured into the capacity of container 1 about container 2/3, container 1 is placed on the basin 54 that gasoline is housed, and the gasoline igniting with 54 li in basin makes it with high temperature container to be heated, soon there is flame combustion extinguisher 5 tops, flame is not invaded in the container, and the gasoline that basin is 54 li burns down and put out a fire, and the flame of extinguisher 5 tops extinguishes immediately automatically.Step 6) gets-and diameter of section is the container 1 of φ 300mm, and the top opening is the opening 61 of φ 120mm, burn-ons-extinguisher 5, and its external diameter is φ 120mm, constitutes the column tube 6 of extinguisher 5, diameter D ₀=19mm, highly be H=70mm, gasoline is poured into the capacity of container 1 about 2/3, container 1 is placed on the basin 54 that gasoline is housed,, make it with high temperature container 1 heating with the gasoline igniting of 54 li in basin, soon there is flame combustion extinguisher 5 tops, flame is not invaded 1 li in container, and the gasoline that basin is 54 li burns down and put out a fire, and the flame of extinguisher 5 tops extinguishes immediately automatically.Step 7) gets-and diameter of section is the container 1 of φ 300mm, and the top opening is the opening 61 of φ 120mm, burn-ons-extinguisher 5, and its external diameter is D=120mm, constitutes the column tube 6 of extinguisher 5, diameter D ₀=19mm, highly be H=40mm, gasoline is poured into the capacity of container 1 about 2/3, container 1 is placed on the basin 54 that gasoline is housed, again the gasoline of 54 li in basin is lighted a fire, make it with high temperature container 1 to be heated, there is flame combustion extinguisher 5 tops soon, and flame is not invaded 1 li in container, the gasoline that basin is 54 li burns down flame-out, the flame of extinguisher 5 tops does not extinguish, and evaporates until the gasoline of 1 li in container, and burning only just stops.The container 1 that it is φ 300mm that step 8) is got 4 diameter of sections, the top opening is respectively S ₀=φ 120mm, S ₀=φ 80mm, S ₀=φ 60mm, S ₀=φ 40mm, opening 61, each mouth respective diameters of burn-oning is φ 120mm, φ 80mm, φ 60mm, the extinguisher 5 of φ 40mm constitutes extinguisher 5 column tubes 6, diameter is D ₀=19mm, highly be 90mm, gasoline is poured into the capacity of each container 1 about 2/3,4 containers 1 are placed around the basin 54 that gasoline is housed, and each container is separated by with identical about 200mm of distance and basin 54, with the gasoline igniting of 54 li in basin, make it with thermal radiation container 1 heating, be separated by a period of time, there is flame combustion each extinguisher 5 top, but vessel port is S ₀=φ 80mm and S ₀Have flame to invade in the container of=φ 120mm, and opening is S ₀=φ 60mm and S ₀There is not flame to invade in the container of=φ 40mm.The gasoline that basin is 54 li burns down and has extinguished, and the flame in the container of preceding two kinds of openings burns away, and the container of two kinds of openings of Hou, the flame of extinguisher top extinguishes automatically.The container 1 that it is φ 300mm that step 9) is got a diameter of section, the top open S ₀=S=300mm is D with diameter ₀=19mm highly is the column tube 6 of 130mm, the full whole opening section of parallel Fabric side by side, form with the equal size diameter of container section diameter S be S ₀Extinguisher 5, i.e. S ₀=S, gasoline is poured into the capacity of this container 1 about 2/3, it is placed on the 1st basin 54 (the basin cross section is greater than container section), 54 li some gasoline of packing into of the 2nd basin are put the be separated by distance of 200mm of what container 1, and igniting makes it burning, with radiant heat container 1 is heated, be separated by and ask one section the time, container 1 has flame to invade, and the gasoline that the 2nd basin is 54 li burns down and extinguished, and the flame that container is 1 li still burns away, the 1st basin injected some gasoline for 54 li, and ignition, making it container 1 is directly heated, there is very big flame container 1 opening top.Gasoline in basin burns down and has extinguished, the flame of container 1 opening top also extinguishes automatically, and container still has gasoline for 1 li, injects some gasoline in 54 li in the 1st basin again, and ignition, make it and container 1 is directly being heated, container 1 opening top has very big flame again, and the gasoline in basin burns down and extinguished, the flame of container 1 opening top extinguishes again automatically, and container still has gasoline for 1 li, the repetitiousness same test of reforming, and effect is still the same.With extinguisher with by interaction energy the flame of burning above 1 li in container and extinguisher is extinguished automatically to the liquid heat in the container.Step 10) Fig. 9 A, Fig. 9 B, Fig. 9 C are another fire-extinguishing test device sketch of the present invention, container among Fig. 9 A-1, gasoline-8, heating plate-54, extinguisher among Fig. 9 B-5, container upper cover-57, flame-56.Extinguisher-the 5th is made of many parallel cylindricality villous themedas 6 of composing and laying out.Gasoline 8 is housed in the container 1,, makes its burning, its flame 56 gasoline 8 igniting.In order to put out the flame 56 of the gasoline 8 that is burning in the container 1.Will be the opening part that extinguisher 5 container upper covers 57 cover container 1 be housed, flame 56 can extinguish automatically, or burns away above extinguisher 5, shown in Fig. 9 C.For flame 56 is thoroughly extinguished, then an amount of gasoline need be injected heating plate 54 ， And igniting and make it to burn several minutes, the gasoline burn-out in heating plate 54 promptly stops gasoline heating in the container 1, and the flame 56 of extinguisher 5 tops can extinguish automatically.Result of the test: according to automatic fire extinguisher provided by the invention, wherein extinguisher 5 is to be made of 6 combinations of many flat capable And row column tubes, and it not only plays the back-fire relief effect, also plays the fire extinguishing effect.Constitute the diameter D of the column tube 6 of extinguisher 5 ₀During＞25mm, along with column tube 6 diameters increase, fire-extinguishing function concurrently diminuendo, D ₀During＜25mm, along with the diameter of column tube 6 reduces, fire-extinguishing function concurrently is gradually big, the diameter D of column tube 6 ₀During=φ 19mm, the existing fire-extinguishing function concurrently that is showing.The height of the column tube 6 of formation extinguisher 5 is also influential to fire-extinguishing function concurrently, the height H=60mm of column tube 6, H=120mm, H=180mm or longer, i.e. H 〉=3D ₀Can both play the fire extinguishing effect, H＜3D ₀Fire-extinguishing function concurrently weakens gradually, even does not have fire-extinguishing function concurrently.Comprehensive I and II result of the test: when $S_0>\frac{S}{25},$ Flame is invaded in the container, and extinguisher loses anti-fire action; When $S_0\≤\frac{S}{25},$ Flame does not have in the container of intrusion, and extinguisher has anti-fire action; Get by I: By following formula as can be known, volume is the container 1 of V, minimal security opening bore S=1.4Vmm ²/ litre, container 1 opening bore is big more can not to explode more.Learn by H: D ₀During＜25mm, along with the diameter D of column tube 6 ₀Reduce, fire-extinguishing function concurrently is big more, D ₀During=19mm, the existing fire-extinguishing function concurrently that showing.Column tube 6 height H 〉=3D ₀, high highly more fire-extinguishing function concurrently is Strong more, H＜3D ₀, low highly more, fire-extinguishing function concurrently is poor more.By the test H that draws and D, D ₀Following relation: $H=3D_0{(\sqrt{D}+1)}^2\left(\mathrm{mm}\right)$ Wherein H is the height of extinguisher column jecket; D ₀Be column jecket diameter (unit is a millimeter); D is that extinguisher cross section internal diameter or vessel port aperture (unit is rice) extinguisher, fireproof condition are: D ₀＜φ 25mm, $H=3D_0{(\sqrt{D}+1)}^2,$ $S_0\≤\frac{S}{25}$ Extinguisher fire extinguishing condition is: D ₀＜φ 25mm, $H=3D_0{(\sqrt{D}+1)}^2,$ S ₀≤ S wherein S is that container section is long-pending; D ₀Be extinguisher column jecket aperture; D is that container condition explosion-proof, that prevent fires and put out a fire in vessel port aperture is: D ₀＜φ 25mm, $H=3D_0{(\sqrt{D}+1)}^2$

The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the front, and purpose is to illustrate the present invention.Rather than limit precise forms disclosed by the invention, neither the embodiment of the invention whole.Above-mentioned technological guidance or by practice of the present invention can obtain multiple form through modifications and variations.In order to explain design of the present invention and its practical application, select and described embodiments of the invention, it can make this professional those of ordinary skill adopt the scheme of various embodiment of the present invention and various modification Hous in occasions suitable, specific purposes.Scope of the present invention and equivalent thereof are limited by claims of the present invention.

Claims (20)

1. explosion-proof, extinguishing method that is used to store the container of flammable liquid is characterized in that:

A. at first in the container top surface upper shed, closing and open by its switching device of opening controlled, and its switching device is by inductor and automated system control electronic or that pneumatic means is formed, usually opening seals, thermal source or big fire influence is being arranged, and when container inner pressure or vessel wall temperature exceeded License Value, the switching device of vessel port was automatically opened and is opened opening, discharge a large amount of steam, wherein the explosion-proof necessary condition of vessel port is:

S ₀=1.4nV (1+K)/litre (mm) ² S wherein ₀Be container top surface upper shed sectional area, D is container top surface upper shed aperture:

V is that container liquid storage amount volume, unit are litre; N is the anti-explosion safety coefficient, n 〉=1

K is the wall thickness drag parameter of extinguisher column tube

B., extinguisher vertically is installed above the container top surface upper shed, the extinguisher upper end is an exhaust outlet, extinguisher is made up of many parallel column tubes side by side, flammable liquid evaporates steam in container, the steam that is present in the flammable liquid in the flame-out organ pipe, form air flow upwards, the diffusion of blocks air in container, make anoxic in the container, therefore flame can not be lighted flammable liquid and the steam in the container, the separator that forms in the column tube of extinguisher plays effectively anti-fire action, its fireproof necessary condition: $H=3D_0{(\sqrt{D}+1)}^2,$ D ₀＜φ25mm， $S_0\≤\frac{S}{25},$

D wherein ₀Be the diameter of extinguisher column tube, H is the height of column tube,

S ₀Be container top surface upper shed sectional area; S is the horizontal section area of container;

When having the external high temperature thermal source to influence, it is to burn that the inflammable steam that container is released is met fire, flame is above extinguisher, liquid in the container is subjected to heat, along with the increase that produces inflammable steam, the flame of extinguisher top strengthens, the temperature of extinguisher also constantly rises, in case thermal source stops the heating to container, and the thermal effect of flammable liquid, inflammable steam is reduced rapidly, surplus have a spot of inflammable steam to produce, and these a spot of inflammable steam are by extinguisher, under the extinguisher high temperature action, inflammable steam is converted into common steam through the thermal effect process, this steam is well beyond its ignition temperature limit, and it is non-flammable meeting fire, and inflammable steam transforms disappearance fully, flame has also just extinguished automatically, the necessary condition of extinguisher fire extinguishing: $H=3D_0{(\sqrt{D}+1)}^2,$ D ₀＜φ 25mm, S ₀≤ S; D wherein ₀Be the diameter of extinguisher column tube, H is the height of column tube,

S ₀Be container top surface upper shed sectional area; S is the horizontal section area of container.

2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when the column tube of extinguisher is cylindrical tube, $K=4.68\frac{d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀The diameter of cylindrical tube, d are pipe thickness.

3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when the column tube of extinguisher is the square column jecket, $K=\frac{2d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀Be the square inscribed circle diameter, d is a pipe thickness.

4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when the column tube of extinguisher is the regular hexagon column jecket, $K=1.9\frac{d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀Be the regular hexagon inscribed circle diameter, d is a pipe thickness.

5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when the column jecket of extinguisher is the isosceles trapezoid column jecket, $K=\frac{2d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀For trapezoidal high or on the average length of side of going to the bottom, the d pipe thickness.

6. explosion-proof, fire extinguishing automatic safety device that is used to store flammable liquid, it is characterized in that having opening on the container top surface, opening close and unlatching is by the control of its switching device, its switching device is again by inductor and automated system control electric or that pneumatic means is formed, usually opening seals, thermal source or big fire influence is being arranged, when making container inner pressure or vessel wall temperature exceed License Value, the switching device of vessel port is automatically opened and is opened opening, discharge a large amount of steam, container top surface upper shed sectional area wherein, S ₀=1.4nV (1+K)/litre (mm) ²Circle hatch bore diameter on the vessel top,

Wherein: n is anti-explosion safety coefficient n 〉=1; V is a container liquid storage amount volume, and unit is a litre;

K is the wall thickness drag parameter of extinguisher column tube.

The vertical extinguisher of installing above the container top surface upper shed, the extinguisher upper end be an exhaust outlet, extinguisher is made up of many column tubes that parallel side by side, the condition that container is explosion-proof, prevent fires and put out a fire: $H=3D_0{(\sqrt{D}+1)}^2,$ D ₀＜φ 25mm,

D wherein ₀Diameter for the column tube of described extinguisher; H is the height of column tube; D is the vessel port aperture; S ₀The sectional area of vessel port; S is that the lateral cross section of container is long-pending; V is a container liquid storage amount volume, and unit is a litre, and K is the wall thickness drag parameter of extinguisher column tube.

7. device according to claim 6 is characterized in that the column tube of extinguisher is a cylindrical tube, $K=4.68\frac{d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀Be the diameter of cylindrical tube, d is a pipe thickness.

8. require 6 described devices according to profit, it is characterized in that, the column tube of extinguisher is the square column jecket, $K=\frac{2d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀Be the square inscribed circle diameter, d is a pipe thickness.

9. device according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the column tube of extinguisher is the regular hexagon column jecket, $K=1.9\frac{d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀Be the regular hexagon inscribed circle diameter, d is a pipe thickness.

10. device according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the column tube of extinguisher is the isosceles trapezoid column jecket, $K=\frac{2d}{D_0},$ D wherein ₀For trapezoidal high or on the average length of side of going to the bottom, d is a pipe thickness.

11. explosion-proof fire-extinguishing automatic safety device according to claim 6, vessel port is a floating roof structure, its switching device is made up of floating plate, buoyancy module and sealing ring, it is characterized in that comprising: when vessel wall temperature reaches certain value, send induced signal and start drawing liquid pump and inject the protractor of liquid to the floating plate; The drawing liquid pump that floating plate is sunk is extracted the aspiration pump that fills the thing that rises in the sealing ring out; By the extinguisher that flange is vertically mounted on the container top surface opening part and connects with opening, described extinguisher is to be made of many column tubes that parallel side by side.

12. explosion-proof, fire extinguishing automatic safety device according to claim 6, the switching device of vessel port is a valve mechanism, it is characterized in that comprising: when container inner pressure or vessel wall temperature reach certain value, automatically open the valve that vertically is installed on container upper shed place, this valve is to combine with flange seal with vessel port; Connect the extinguisher that is connected with described valve, this extinguisher is to be made of many column tubes that parallel side by side.

13. explosion-proof, fire extinguishing automatic safety device according to claim 12, it is characterized in that, described valve is a driver's valve, in container top surface and container top surface upper shed pressure inductor is installed side by side, pressure inductor induction container inner pressure, when the certain pressure value, inductor sends induced signal and passes to connected electronic or pneumatic means, and driver's valve is opened.

14. explosion-proof, fire extinguishing automatic safety device according to claim 12, it is characterized in that, described valve is a driver's valve, in container top surface and container top surface upper shed temperature inductor is installed side by side, temperature inductor induction vessel wall temperature, when the uniform temperature value, inductor sends induced signal and passes to connected electronic or pneumatic means, and driver's valve is opened.

15. explosion-proof fire-extinguishing automatic safety device according to claim 6, fix on the ground, the container that automatic safety device is housed is following peripherally, also be furnished with and collect the drawing of flammable liquid release and let out feeder, it is characterized in that, on a closed container end face, open two mouths, be liquid inlet flatly, another mouthful is exhaust outlet, connect long tube, and making that blast pipe is suitable for reading to basset, liquid inlet connects with extinguisher with exhaust pipe mouth and is connected, but the extraneous liquid that burning of flowing out is let out the small stream road and is compiled basin and flow into just self-extinguishing in this feeder by drawing.If the sectional area of liquid inlet and exhaust pipe mouth is respectively S ₀₁And S ₀₂, then $S_{01}+S_{02}\≤\frac{S}{25},$ Wherein S is long-pending for drawing the lateral cross section of letting out the feeder container, and S ₀₁〉=S ₀₂Cylindricality pipe diameter D in the extinguisher ₀=φ 16mm, highly $H={48(\sqrt{D}+1)}^2\mathrm{mm}.$

16. automatic safety device according to claim 6 is characterized in that, loads onto the insulating collar of being made by fireproof heat-insulating material material between the flange of described vessel port or valve and extinguisher.

17. according to the described automatic safety device of claim 6, it is characterized in that, the protective cap of being made by stainless anti-corrosion material be housed above described extinguisher.

18. according to the described automatic safety device of claim 6, it is characterized in that, ignition device be housed above described extinguisher all around.

29. according to the described automatic safety device of claim 6, it is characterized in that, be peripherally equipped with the protective cover of making by refractory thermal insulating material at described valve and pump.

20. automatic safety device according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the diameter D of wherein said column tube ₀=18 ± 3mm, the pipe thickness d=0.4 of column tube ± 0.1mm, the height of column tube $H=3D_0{(\sqrt{D}+1)}^2.$

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