CN111181430A - Neutral point balance control method and system for three-level inverter under low-voltage ride-through condition - Google Patents

Neutral point balance control method and system for three-level inverter under low-voltage ride-through condition Download PDF

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CN111181430A
CN111181430A CN202010028107.2A CN202010028107A CN111181430A CN 111181430 A CN111181430 A CN 111181430A CN 202010028107 A CN202010028107 A CN 202010028107A CN 111181430 A CN111181430 A CN 111181430A
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vector
midpoint potential
switching
voltage
midpoint
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CN111181430B (en
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张承慧
张博学
李晓艳
邢相洋
秦昌伟
张洪亮
胡顺全
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Shandong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/16—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
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    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0038—Circuits or arrangements for suppressing, e.g. by masking incorrect turn-on or turn-off signals, e.g. due to current spikes in current mode control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H02M1/123—Suppression of common mode voltage or current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation

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Abstract

The invention provides a method and a system for controlling neutral point balance of a three-level inverter under a low voltage ride through condition, wherein a first vector is selected according to the relation among neutral point potential, three-phase current directions and a set neutral point potential threshold; establishing a volt-second balance equation according to the relation between the reference voltage and the first, second, third and zero vectors, establishing a midpoint potential balance equation according to the relation between midpoint potential deviation and the small vector, and obtaining the duty ratio of each vector by solving the volt-second balance and midpoint potential balance equation; rearranging the switching action sequence of each vector according to the principle of minimum switching loss to form a switching sequence; constructing a cost function, selecting a switching sequence which minimizes the cost function, and driving the action of a switching tube; the common-mode voltage of the three-level inverter obtained by the method is one sixth of the voltage of a direct-current side, the leakage current and the electromagnetic interference of a system are reduced, the switching loss is reduced, and the midpoint potential is quickly recovered and kept balanced when the voltage deviates and vibrates.

Description

Neutral point balance control method and system for three-level inverter under low-voltage ride-through condition
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of inverter neutral point balance control, in particular to a neutral point balance control method and system for a three-level inverter under a low voltage ride through condition.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
In recent years, inverters play more and more important roles in photovoltaic, UPS (uninterruptible power supply) and electric energy management, wherein a three-level technology has a higher power level and a smaller harmonic content than a two-level technology, and thus, the three-level technology is widely researched. The T-type three-level has the advantages of small power loss, high conversion efficiency, low hardware cost and the like, and becomes the first choice for energy conversion of low-voltage grid-connected systems such as photovoltaic power generation and the like.
With the improvement of photovoltaic penetration, the influence of the photovoltaic penetration on a power grid is increased day by day, and in addition, when the power grid fails to work and voltage drops are caused, in a specific time interval and a voltage sag area, a photovoltaic system must keep running continuously without being disconnected from the power grid and send reactive power to the power grid to support power grid recovery until the power grid recovers to be normal, and the inverter with the low voltage ride through capability becomes a necessary condition for photovoltaic grid access. The common power grid voltage drop types are three, namely three-phase balanced drop (A-type drop), single-phase drop (B-type drop) and two-phase drop (E-type drop).
According to the requirement of the grid for low voltage ride through of the photovoltaic inverter, the inverter must transmit a certain reactive power to the grid during the low voltage ride through. This results in a reduction of the power factor of the inverter operation and an increase of the midpoint potential oscillation on the dc side of the three-level inverter. In addition, the drop of the unbalanced grid voltage causes the output of the inverter to have a negative sequence component, and the neutral point oscillation is intensified. The excessive direct current side midpoint voltage oscillation not only increases the output current harmonic wave of the inverter, but also causes the over-high voltage of a capacitor at a certain direct current side to damage, the voltage resistance of a switching device is unbalanced, the service life of a switching tube is shortened, and the stability of a system is reduced. Therefore, the control of the midpoint potential on the dc side of the inverter under low voltage ride through conditions is particularly important.
The inventor of the present disclosure finds that common midpoint balance control methods include a common mode voltage injection method, a hysteresis control method and a midpoint voltage regulator method, which are well applicable in the case of high power factor, but are difficult to implement midpoint balance control and cause system instability in the case of low voltage crossing such a low power coefficient that an inverter needs to deliver reactive power to a power grid. The virtual vector method can realize effective suppression of midpoint potential oscillation on the direct current side of the inverter under the condition of low power factor, but the switching loss is large, and the system efficiency is low. In the prior art, an effective control method for restraining midpoint balance and common mode voltage and reducing switching loss when a non-isolated three-level inverter operates under a low-voltage ride-through working condition is lacked.
Meanwhile, the non-isolated three-level inverter has the advantages of low cost and high power density and is widely applied, but due to the fact that no transformer is used for isolation, the three-level inverter is connected to a power grid without isolation, the photovoltaic array is electrically connected with a power grid system, and due to the parasitic capacitance of the photovoltaic panel, the problem of current leakage is caused, and even shutdown protection is triggered.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the disclosure provides a neutral point balance control method and a neutral point balance control system of a three-level inverter under a low-voltage ride-through condition, so that the neutral point voltage oscillation and common mode voltage suppression and switching loss reduction of a direct-current side of the inverter under a low-voltage ride-through operation condition are realized; meanwhile, when the power grid falls off, the device also has the function of ensuring the neutral point potential balance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted in the disclosure:
the disclosure provides a method for controlling the neutral point balance of a three-level inverter under a low voltage ride through condition.
A neutral point balance control method of a three-level inverter under a low voltage ride through condition comprises the following steps:
acquiring the voltage difference of two capacitors at the direct current side of the three-level inverter as a midpoint potential;
selecting a first vector according to the relation among the midpoint potential, the three-phase current direction and a set midpoint potential threshold, wherein a plurality of first vectors can be obtained;
when the midpoint potential is larger than the midpoint potential threshold value, establishing a volt-second balance equation according to the relation between the reference voltage and the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector, and obtaining the duty ratio of the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector by solving the volt-second balance equation;
rearranging the switching action sequence of the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector according to the principle of minimum switching loss to form a switching sequence, and calculating the switching times of the switching sequence;
a cost function is constructed, a switching sequence that minimizes the cost function is selected, and the sequence is applied to the switching tube to drive the switching tube.
As some possible implementation manners, when the midpoint potential is less than or equal to the midpoint potential threshold, establishing a volt-second balance equation according to the relation between the reference voltage and the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector, and establishing a midpoint potential balance equation according to the relation between the midpoint potential deviation and the first vector; and solving a volt-second balance equation and a midpoint potential balance equation to obtain the duty ratios of the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector.
As some possible implementations, the voltage vector is specifically: zero vector OOO, six first vectors, six second vectors, and six third vectors with a common-mode voltage less than a first set threshold.
Under the low voltage ride through operating condition, the inverter needs to send out capacitive reactive power to support the grid voltage, which causes the inverter to have very low operating power factor and 0-90 degrees of current lag voltage; when the power factor is low, the influence of the small vector on the center potential changes with different power factors, and at the moment, the influence of the small vector on the center potential needs to be determined according to the current direction.
As some possible implementations, the second vector and the third vector closest to the reference voltage are selected according to the position of the reference voltage vector;
two first vectors closest to the reference voltage and a first vector of the same current as the second vector are selected according to the position of the reference voltage vector.
As some possible implementation manners, when the midpoint potential is greater than a set threshold value, a PI regulator is adopted to obtain the duty ratio of the first vector;
and selecting a first vector according to the midpoint potential, the three-phase current direction and the set threshold relation of the midpoint potential difference, and obtaining the duty ratios of a second vector, a third vector and a zero vector through a volt-second balance equation.
As some possible implementation modes, the midpoint multi-current and the switching times generated by different switching sequences are brought into a cost function, and the switching sequence which enables the cost function to be minimum is selected and used for driving the on-off of the switching tube.
As some possible implementations, reference voltage synthesis is performed by using four vectors, namely, a first vector, a second vector, a third vector and a zero vector.
A second aspect of the present disclosure provides a midpoint balance control system for a three-level inverter under low voltage ride through conditions.
A three-level inverter midpoint balance control system under low voltage ride through conditions, comprising:
a data acquisition module configured to: acquiring the voltage difference of two capacitors at the direct current side of the three-level inverter as a midpoint potential;
a first vector selection module configured to: selecting a first vector according to the relation between the midpoint potential, the three-phase current direction and a set midpoint potential threshold value to obtain a plurality of first vectors;
a duty cycle calculation module configured to: when the midpoint potential is larger than the midpoint potential threshold value, establishing a volt-second balance equation according to the relation between the reference voltage and the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector, and obtaining the duty ratio of the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector by solving the volt-second balance equation;
a switching sequence calculation module configured to: rearranging the switching action sequence of the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector according to the principle of minimum switching loss to form a switching sequence, and calculating the switching times of the switching sequence;
a switching sequence determination module configured to: a cost function is constructed, a switching sequence that minimizes the cost function is selected, and the sequence is applied to the switching tube to drive the switching tube.
As some possible implementations, the duty cycle calculation module is further configured to: when the midpoint potential is smaller than or equal to the midpoint potential threshold value, establishing a volt-second balance equation according to the relation between the reference voltage and the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector, and establishing a midpoint potential balance equation according to the relation between the midpoint potential deviation and the first vector; and solving a volt-second balance equation and a midpoint potential balance equation to obtain the duty ratios of the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector.
As some possible implementations, the voltage vector is specifically: zero vector OOO, six first vectors, six second vectors, and six third vectors with a common-mode voltage less than a first set threshold.
As some possible implementations, the second vector and the third vector closest to the reference voltage are selected according to the position of the reference voltage vector; two first vectors closest to the reference voltage and a first vector of the same current as the second vector are selected according to the position of the reference voltage vector.
As some possible implementation manners, when the midpoint potential is greater than a set threshold value, a PI regulator is adopted to obtain the duty ratio of the first vector; and selecting a first vector according to the midpoint potential, the three-phase current direction and the set threshold relation of the midpoint potential difference, and obtaining the duty ratios of a second vector, a third vector and a zero vector through a volt-second balance equation.
As some possible implementation modes, the midpoint multi-current and the switching times generated by different switching sequences are brought into a cost function, and the switching sequence which enables the cost function to be minimum is selected and used for driving the on-off of the switching tube.
As some possible implementations, reference voltage synthesis is performed by using four vectors, namely, a first vector, a second vector, a third vector and a zero vector.
A third aspect of the present disclosure provides a medium having a program stored thereon, the program, when executed by a processor, implementing the steps in the method for controlling the midpoint balance of a three-level inverter under low voltage ride through conditions according to the first aspect of the present disclosure.
A fourth aspect of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the steps in the method for controlling the midpoint balance of the three-level inverter under the condition of low voltage ride through according to the first aspect of the present disclosure.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this disclosure is:
1. the inverter neutral point voltage control method and the inverter realize the suppression of the neutral point voltage oscillation and the common mode voltage and the reduction of the switching loss on the direct current side under the low voltage ride through operation condition of the inverter, and simultaneously have the function of ensuring the neutral point potential balance when the power grid falls, namely the neutral point potential can be quickly recovered when the neutral point voltage shifts.
2. The common-mode voltage of the three-level inverter disclosed by the disclosure is only one sixth of the voltage amplitude of the direct-current side, and compared with the traditional SVM (support vector machine), the common-mode voltage is reduced by one half, the leakage current of a system is reduced, and the safety of the system is improved.
3. The method has high practical significance in consideration of the midpoint balance control within the range of 0-90 degrees of the current hysteresis voltage during low-voltage ride through.
4. The method comprehensively selects the first vector from the angles of switching loss, midpoint fluctuation caused by basic vectors and common-mode voltage, and realizes optimal selection of a switching sequence.
5. The inverter system reduces the fluctuation of the midpoint potential, and the direct current side can adopt a smaller capacitor, thereby reducing the volume of the inverter system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a main circuit topology of an NPC (neutral point clamped) three-level inverter provided in embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 is a space vector diagram of a three-level inverter during low voltage ride through provided in embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a grid voltage sag type provided in embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
Fig. 4 is a control structure diagram of a three-level inverter during low voltage ride through according to embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
Fig. 5(a) is a schematic diagram of a midpoint potential output waveform of a three-level inverter system during low voltage ride through according to embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
Fig. 5(b) is a schematic diagram of a common-mode voltage output waveform of the three-level inverter system during low voltage ride through according to embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present disclosure may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 to 5, embodiment 1 of the present disclosure provides a method for controlling midpoint balance of a non-isolated three-level inverter under a low voltage ride through condition, including the following steps:
(1) setting four vectors of a large vector (a third vector), a middle vector (a second vector), a zero vector and a small vector (a first vector) to be adopted for reference voltage synthesis;
(2) the capacitance voltage difference obtained by signal acquisition is the midpoint potential of the three-level inverter;
(3) selecting small vectors according to the midpoint potential, the three-phase current direction and the set threshold relation of the midpoint potential difference;
when the midpoint potential is larger than the midpoint potential threshold value, establishing a volt-second balance equation according to the relation between the reference voltage and the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector, and obtaining the duty ratio of the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector by solving the volt-second balance equation;
(4) and rearranging the switching action sequence of the large, medium, small and zero vectors according to the principle of minimum switching loss to form a switching sequence, and calculating the switching times of the switching sequence.
(5) A cost function is constructed, a switching sequence that minimizes the cost function is selected, and the sequence is applied to the switching tube to drive the switching tube.
In the step (3), when the midpoint potential is less than or equal to the midpoint potential threshold, establishing a volt-second balance equation according to the relation between the reference voltage and the large vector, the medium vector, the small vector and the zero vector; establishing a midpoint potential balance equation according to the relation between the midpoint potential deviation and the small vector; and obtaining the duty ratios of the large, medium, small and zero vectors by solving a volt-second balance equation and a midpoint potential balance equation.
The control object of the present embodiment is a non-isolated three-level inverter system, as shown in fig. 1, the ac side includes A, B, C three-phase bridge arms, each of the three-phase bridge arms has 4 power switching devices and two diodes, and a three-phase grid ea、eb、ec. The direct current side comprises two capacitors connected in series, a neutral point is formed between the two capacitors, the middle point of two diodes of each phase of bridge arm is connected with the neutral point, each phase of output of the inverter is connected with an alternating current power grid through an inductor, and the common point of the alternating current power grid is marked as N.
Assuming that the voltages of the upper and lower capacitors on the dc side are equal, the neutral point of the capacitor is selected as a reference, and accordingly, each phase of bridge arm can output three level states, which are P, O, N respectively, where the output voltage of the inverter bridge arm is half of the voltage on the dc side in the P state, the output voltage of the bridge arm is 0 in the O state, and the output voltage of the inverter bridge arm is minus one half of the voltage on the dc side in the N state. Corresponding to each phase, the P state represents that 1 and 2 tubes are opened, the O state corresponds to 2 and 3 tubes being opened, and the N state corresponds to 3 and 4 tubes being opened.
The three-phase three-level inverter has 27 vectors in total according to the state of the output voltage of each phase bridge arm, and the voltage vectors are divided into a large vector, a medium vector, a small vector and a zero vector according to the magnitude of the voltage vector as shown in fig. 2. The voltage vector is divided into 12 sectors according to its position.
Definition of voltage vector:
Figure BDA0002363202780000091
wherein u isa、ub、ucThe three-phase voltage output by the inverter.
The current vector is divided into 6 sectors according to the direction of the output current of the three-phase bridge arm.
The definition of the current vector is:
Figure BDA0002363202780000092
wherein ia、ib、icThree-phase current output by the inverter.
VdcThe common-mode voltage is defined as the average value of the three-phase voltage output by the inverter as the voltage of the direct current side. For low common mode voltage operationIn the patent, a small vector and a zero vector, a large vector and a medium vector with small common mode voltage amplitude are selected. The common mode voltage and midpoint current for the selected basis vectors are shown in table 1.
Figure BDA0002363202780000093
Table 1 relationship table of basic vectors with common mode voltage and midpoint current.
Figure BDA0002363202780000094
Figure BDA0002363202780000101
And (3) carrying out reference voltage combination by adopting a large vector, a medium vector, a small vector and a zero vector in the table 1. The small vectors enable suppression of midpoint voltage oscillations and control of offset.
The midpoint potential of the three-level inverter is equal to the difference between two capacitors, i.e. delta u-uP-uNSetting a midpoint potential threshold value DeltauthWhen Δ u is>ΔuthSmall vectors are used to achieve control of the midpoint voltage offset. At this time, the small vector duty ratio y is obtained by adjusting the midpoint potential through a PI regulator and then taking an absolute value, namely:
Figure BDA0002363202780000102
the following steps are adopted to select small vectors and calculate the duty ratio of large, medium and zero vectors.
In order to inhibit voltage deviation, selecting small vectors from the two latest small vectors and the small vectors with the same current as the medium vector according to the threshold relation of the midpoint potential, the three-phase current direction and the set midpoint potential difference, establishing a volt-second balance equation of the basic vector and the reference voltage, and obtaining respective duty ratios; and calculating the switching times of the switching sequence, and determining the small vector according to the value function. Considering the low-voltage ride-through condition, the inverter needs to send out certain reactive power, which causes that a certain included angle exists between the output voltage vector and the current vector of the bridge arm.
The voltage vector and the current vector are specifically analyzed for the case where the voltage is located in the second sector.
(1) When the voltage vector is in the second sector, the current vector is in sector II, VP>VNWhen the phase current A is greater than 0, the phase current B is greater than 0, the phase current C is less than 0, a large vector PPN, a middle vector PON, a zero vector OOO, a small vector range POO, OON, OPO and ONO are selected, and the midpoint current-I of OON vectorcMake VP>VNTherefore, the OON vector is truncated and the small vector ranges are POO, OPO, ONO.
1) When the POO vector is selected, the column write volt-second equilibrium equation is
Figure BDA0002363202780000111
1＝dL+dM+dS+d0
Wherein
Figure BDA0002363202780000112
As a reference voltage, the voltage of the reference voltage,
Figure BDA0002363202780000113
is a large vector, dLIn order to be a large vector duty cycle,
Figure BDA0002363202780000114
is a medium vector, dMIn order to be the medium vector duty cycle,
Figure BDA0002363202780000115
is a small vector, dSIn order to have a small duty cycle of the vector,
Figure BDA0002363202780000116
is a zero vector, d0Is a zero vector duty cycle. At this time, the duty ratio of the small vector is d which is the output of the PI regulatorS＝y。
Solving a volt-second balance equation to obtain the duty ratio of each basic vector as follows:
Figure BDA0002363202780000117
wherein m is a modulation degree defined as
Figure BDA0002363202780000118
In order to satisfy that the action time of each basic vector is positive, the duty ratio of the small vector POO satisfies the following conditions:
Figure BDA0002363202780000119
the switching sequence is OOO-POO-PON-PPN-PON-POO-OOO according to the minimum design loss, and the switching times in one period are 6.
Constructing a cost function g
g＝λ1|IMdM+ISdS|+λ2|Si|
Wherein, IMIs the midpoint current of the medium vector, ISIs the midpoint current of a small vector, SiFor the number of switching times, λ1、λ2Are coefficients.
The switching times, the action time under the small vector and the middle vector and the midpoint current are introduced into a cost function to obtain g1POO。
2) When OPO is selected, the duty ratio of each vector is obtained by a volt-second equilibrium equation
Figure BDA0002363202780000121
In order to satisfy that the action time of each basic vector is positive, the condition that the small vector OPO should satisfy is as follows:
Figure BDA0002363202780000122
the switching sequence is OOO-OPO-PON-PPN-PON-OPO-OOO according to the minimum design loss, and the switching times in one period are 10.
The switching times, the action time under the small vector and the middle vector and the midpoint current are introduced into a cost function to obtain g1OPO。
3) When ONO is selected, the duty ratio of each vector is obtained by a volt-second balance equation
Figure BDA0002363202780000123
In order to satisfy that the action time of each basic vector is positive, the condition that the small vector ONO should satisfy is as follows:
Figure BDA0002363202780000131
the switching sequence is OOO-ONO-PON-PPN-PON-ONO-OOO according to the minimum design loss, and the switching times in one period are 10.
The switching times, the action time under the small vector and the middle vector and the midpoint current are introduced into a cost function to obtain g1ONO。
By comparison of g1POO、g1OPO、g1ONOAnd selecting the vector POO with the smallest function value, so that the switching sequence is OOO-POO-PON-PPN-PON-POO-OOO, and applying the sequence to the switching tube to drive the switching tube to work.
(2) When the voltage is in the second sector and the current is in the I sector, VP>VNWhen the phase current A is larger than 0, the phase current B is smaller than 0, the phase current C is smaller than 0, a large vector PPN, a middle vector PON, a zero vector OOO, a small vector range POO, OON, OPO and ONO are selected, and the midpoint current-I of OON vectorcMake VP>VNMidpoint current-I of POO vectoraMake VP<VNMid-point current-I of OPO vectorbMake VP>VNCenter point current-I of ONO vectorbMake VP>VNTo satisfy the midpoint balance, the OON, OPO, ONO small vectors are truncated. Based on this, a small vector POO is selected.
The duty ratio of each basic vector is obtained through a volt-second balance equation:
Figure BDA0002363202780000132
in order to satisfy that the action time of each basic vector is positive, the small vector POO should satisfy the following conditions:
Figure BDA0002363202780000133
the switch sequence is OOO-POO-PON-PPN-PON-POO-OOO according to the minimum design loss.
The other voltage sectors are analyzed the same as the second sector.
When delta u is less than or equal to delta uthAnd then, establishing a midpoint balance equation according to the relation between the voltage oscillation and the small vector to obtain a small vector duty ratio y, and specifically selecting the small vector to calculate the duty ratio by adopting the following steps:
in order to restrain voltage offset, small vectors (more than one small vector meeting the condition) are selected from the two latest small vectors and the small vectors with the same current as the medium vector according to the threshold relation of the midpoint potential, the three-phase current direction and the set midpoint potential difference, a volt-second balance equation and a midpoint balance equation of a basic vector and a reference voltage are established to obtain respective duty ratios, the switching times of a switching sequence are calculated, the small vectors are determined according to a value function, the low-voltage ride-through working condition is considered, the inverter needs to send out certain reactive power, and therefore a certain included angle exists between the output voltage vector and the current vector of the bridge arm. The voltage in the first sector is taken as an example for specific analysis.
(1) When the reference voltage is in the first sector and the current is in the I sector, the A phase current is greater than 0, the B phase current is less than 0, and the C phase current is less than 0, a large vector PNN, a middle vector PON and a zero vector OOO are selected. The current corresponding to the medium vector is IbThe current leads to VP<VNSmall vector ranges OON, POO, OPO and ONO, the effect of the small vector should satisfy V for suppressing the oscillation of the midpoint voltageP>VNAnd the midpoint current-I of the POO vectoraMake VP<VNThus, the POO vector is dropped, with small vector ranges OON, OPO, and ONO.
1) When OON is selected, the column write volt-second equilibrium equation is
Figure BDA0002363202780000141
1＝dL+dM+dS+d0
In order to eliminate the low-frequency fluctuation of the midpoint potential, the potential fluctuation generated by the middle vector PON is the same as the potential fluctuation generated by the small vector OON, and a midpoint balance equation is established, namely
IbdM＝IcdS
The duty ratio of each basic vector is obtained by the equation
Figure BDA0002363202780000151
Considering the condition that the duty ratio of the small vector needs to meet, further obtaining the duty ratio of the small vector as follows:
Figure BDA0002363202780000152
the switching sequence is OOO-OON-PON-PNN-PON-OON-OOO according to the minimum design of switching loss, and the switching times in one period are 6.
Constructing a cost function
g＝λ1|IMdM+ISdS|+λ2|Si|
Wherein, IMIs the midpoint current of the medium vector, ISIs the midpoint current of a small vector, SiFor the number of switching times, λ1、λ2Are coefficients.
The action time and the midpoint current under the sequence switching times, the small vector and the medium vector are introduced into a cost function to obtain g2OON。
2) When the OPO is selected, a volt-second balance equation is written in a column, in order to eliminate the low-frequency fluctuation of the midpoint potential, the potential fluctuation generated by the middle vector PON is made to be the same as the potential fluctuation generated by the small vector OPO, and the midpoint balance equation is established, namely the midpoint balance equation
IbdM＝IbdS
Solving to obtain the duty ratio of each basic vector as follows:
Figure BDA0002363202780000161
considering the condition that the duty ratio of the small vector needs to meet, further obtaining the duty ratio of the small vector as follows:
Figure BDA0002363202780000162
the switching sequence is OOO-OPO-PON-PNN-PON-OPO-OOO according to the minimum design of switching loss, and the switching times in one period are 10 times.
The action time under the sequence switching times, the small vector and the medium vector and the small vector time of the medium current are substituted into a cost function to obtain g2OPO。
3) When ONO is selected, a volt-second balance equation is written in a row, in order to eliminate the low-frequency fluctuation of the midpoint potential, the potential fluctuation generated by the middle vector PON is the same as the potential fluctuation generated by the small vector ONO, and the midpoint balance equation is established, namely
IbdM＝IbdS
The required duty cycle is not obtained by solving, and therefore the small vector ONO is not selected.
By comparison of g2OON、g2OPOThe vector OON with the smallest value is selected according to the size, so that the switching sequence is OOO-OON-PON-PNN-PON-OON-OOO, and the sequence is applied to the switching tube to drive the switching tube to work.
(2) When the reference voltage is in the first sector and the current is in the VI sector, the A phase current is greater than 0, the B phase current is less than 0, the C phase current is greater than 0, a large vector PNN, a middle vector PON and a zero vector OOO are selected, and the electricity corresponding to the middle vector is selectedStream IbThe current is VP<VNTo suppress the midpoint voltage fluctuation, the small vector satisfies VP>VNSmall vector ranges OON, POO, OPO and ONO, while OON vector midpoint current-IcMake VP<VNMidpoint current-I of POO vectoraMake VP<VNTherefore, POO and OON vectors are omitted, and the small vector ranges are OPO and ONO.
1) When the OPO is selected, a volt-second balance equation is written in a column, in order to eliminate the low-frequency fluctuation of the midpoint potential, the potential fluctuation generated by the middle vector PON is made to be the same as the potential fluctuation generated by the small vector OPO, and the midpoint balance equation is established, namely the midpoint balance equation
IbdM＝IbdS
Solving to obtain the duty ratio of each basic vector as
Figure BDA0002363202780000171
Considering the condition that the duty ratio of the small vector needs to meet, further obtaining the duty ratio of the small vector as follows:
Figure BDA0002363202780000172
the switching sequence is OOO-OPO-PON-PNN-PON-OPO-OOO according to the minimum design loss, and the number of switching in one period is 10.
The action time under the sequence switching times, the small vector and the medium vector and the small vector time of the medium current are substituted into a cost function to obtain g2OPO。
2) When ONO is selected, a volt-second balance equation is written in a row, in order to eliminate the low-frequency fluctuation of the midpoint potential, the potential fluctuation generated by the middle vector PON is the same as the potential fluctuation generated by the small vector ONO, and the midpoint balance equation is established, namely
IbdM＝IbdS
The required duty cycle is not obtained by solving, and therefore the small vector ONO is not selected.
Finally, a small-vector OPO is selected, the switching sequence is OOO-OPO-PON-PNN-PON-OPO-OOO, and the sequence is applied to the switching tube to drive the switching tube to work.
The other sectors are analyzed in the same manner as the first sector.
When the voltage of the power grid drops, the inverter sends reactive current to the power grid, the grid-connected guide rule specifies that the ratio of the output reactive current to the rated current of the system is at least two times of the voltage drop depth, and the amplitude E of the positive sequence component of the power grid voltage is selectedm +1To measure the drop depth, irqRepresenting the reactive current delivered. The compensation curve of the inverter sending reactive current corresponding to three common photovoltaic dropping types is shown in fig. 3.
FIG. 4 is a control structure of an inverter system, in which positive and negative sequence components of a grid voltage are introduced as feedforward into the control system in order to prevent an output current imbalance due to a negative sequence component of an inverter output, and an inverter output current iabcObtaining a two-phase current value i through abc/dq conversiondqObtaining a reactive current reference value according to the relation graph of the falling depth and the reactive compensation current
Figure BDA0002363202780000181
Calculating to obtain an active current reference value according to the rated current
Figure BDA0002363202780000182
The reference values of active and reactive current are respectively equal to the actual value idqAnd (4) performing difference making, sending the difference value to a PI regulator for regulation, and obtaining a three-phase modulation wave through dq/abc conversion of the output of the PI regulator. And decomposing the power grid voltage into positive sequence components and negative sequence components, and respectively and correspondingly adding the positive sequence components and the negative sequence components to the output of the PI regulator to form feedforward. And selecting a voltage sector and a current sector according to the three-phase current and the reference voltage, and selecting a small vector through a threshold relation and a value function of the midpoint potential, the three-phase current direction and the set midpoint potential difference to finally obtain a switching sequence, and applying the switching sequence to a switching tube to drive the switching tube to work.
Fig. 5(a) and 5(b) are graphs of waveforms of midpoint potential and common mode voltage of the inverter under the control of midpoint balance of the conventional proportional regulator and the proposed midpoint balance, respectively, and it can be seen that the control effect of the midpoint potential is good, and the common mode voltage is reduced by one half compared with the common mode voltage of the conventional control method.
Example 2:
a second aspect of the present disclosure provides a midpoint balance control system for a three-level inverter under low voltage ride through conditions.
A three-level inverter midpoint balance control system under low voltage ride through conditions, comprising:
a data acquisition module configured to: acquiring the voltage difference of two capacitors at the direct current side of the three-level inverter as a midpoint potential;
a first vector selection module configured to: selecting a first vector according to the relation between the midpoint potential, the three-phase current direction and a set midpoint potential threshold value to obtain a plurality of first vectors;
a duty cycle calculation module configured to: when the midpoint potential is larger than the midpoint potential threshold value, establishing a volt-second balance equation according to the relation between the reference voltage and the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector, and obtaining the duty ratio of the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector by solving the volt-second balance equation;
a switching sequence calculation module configured to: rearranging the switching action sequence of the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector according to the principle of minimum switching loss to form a switching sequence, and calculating the switching times of the switching sequence;
a switching sequence determination module configured to: a cost function is constructed, a switching sequence that minimizes the cost function is selected, and the sequence is applied to the switching tube to drive the switching tube.
The duty cycle calculation module is further configured to: when the midpoint potential is smaller than or equal to the midpoint potential threshold value, establishing a volt-second balance equation according to the relation between the reference voltage and the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector, and establishing a midpoint potential balance equation according to the relation between the midpoint potential deviation and the first vector; and solving a volt-second balance equation and a midpoint potential balance equation to obtain the duty ratios of the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector.
The voltage vector is specifically: zero vector OOO, six first vectors, six second vectors, and six third vectors with a common-mode voltage less than a first set threshold.
Selecting a second vector and a third vector nearest to the reference voltage according to the position of the reference voltage vector; two first vectors closest to the reference voltage and a first vector of the same current as the second vector are selected according to the position of the reference voltage vector.
When the midpoint potential is larger than a set threshold value, a PI regulator is adopted to obtain the duty ratio of a first vector; and selecting a first vector according to the midpoint potential, the three-phase current direction and the set threshold relation of the midpoint potential difference, and obtaining the duty ratios of a second vector, a third vector and a zero vector through a volt-second balance equation.
And (4) introducing the midpoint multi-current and the switching times generated by different switching sequences into a cost function, selecting the switching sequence which minimizes the cost function, and using the switching sequence to drive the on-off of the switching tube.
And synthesizing the reference voltage by adopting four vectors including the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector.
Example 3:
the embodiment 3 of the present disclosure provides a medium on which a program is stored, and the program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the method for controlling the midpoint balance of a three-level inverter under a low voltage ride through condition according to the embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
Example 4:
the embodiment 4 of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and when the processor executes the program, the processor implements the steps in the method for controlling the midpoint balance of the three-level inverter under the low voltage ride through condition according to the embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (10)

1. A neutral point balance control method of a three-level inverter under a low voltage ride through condition is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring the voltage difference of two capacitors at the direct current side of the three-level inverter as a midpoint potential;
selecting a first vector according to the relation between the midpoint potential, the three-phase current direction and a set midpoint potential threshold;
when the midpoint potential is larger than the midpoint potential threshold value, establishing a volt-second balance equation according to the relation between the reference voltage and the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector, and obtaining the duty ratio of the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector by solving the volt-second balance equation;
rearranging the switching action sequence of the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector according to the principle of minimum switching loss to form a switching sequence, and calculating the switching times of the switching sequence;
a cost function is constructed, a switching sequence that minimizes the cost function is selected, and the sequence is applied to the switching tube to drive the switching tube.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the midpoint potential is less than or equal to the midpoint potential threshold, a volt-second balance equation is established according to the relationship between the reference voltage and the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector, and a midpoint potential balance equation is established according to the relationship between the midpoint potential deviation and the first vector; and solving a volt-second balance equation and a midpoint potential balance equation to obtain the duty ratios of the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector.
3. The method for controlling the neutral point balance of the three-level inverter under the condition of low voltage ride through according to claim 1, wherein the voltage vector specifically comprises: zero vector OOO, six first vectors, six second vectors, and six third vectors with a common-mode voltage less than a first set threshold.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second vector and the third vector closest to the reference voltage are selected according to the position of the reference voltage vector;
two first vectors closest to the reference voltage and a first vector of the same current as the second vector are selected according to the position of the reference voltage vector.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the midpoint potential is greater than a set threshold, a PI regulator is used to obtain the duty cycle of the first vector;
and selecting a first vector according to the midpoint potential, the three-phase current direction and the set threshold relation of the midpoint potential difference, and obtaining the duty ratios of a second vector, a third vector and a zero vector through a volt-second balance equation.
6. The method for controlling the neutral point balance of the three-level inverter under the condition of low voltage ride through according to claim 1, wherein the neutral point multiple currents and the switching times generated by different switching sequences are brought into a cost function, and the switching sequence which enables the cost function to be minimum is selected and used for driving the switching tubes to be switched on and off;
or,
and synthesizing the reference voltage by adopting four vectors including the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector.
7. A three-level inverter midpoint balance control system under a low voltage ride through condition, comprising:
a data acquisition module configured to: acquiring the voltage difference of two capacitors at the direct current side of the three-level inverter as a midpoint potential;
a first vector selection module configured to: selecting a first vector according to the relation between the midpoint potential, the three-phase current direction and a set midpoint potential threshold value to obtain a plurality of first vectors;
a duty cycle calculation module configured to: when the midpoint potential is larger than the midpoint potential threshold value, establishing a volt-second balance equation according to the relation between the reference voltage and the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector, and obtaining the duty ratio of the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector by solving the volt-second balance equation;
a switching sequence calculation module configured to: rearranging the switching action sequence of the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector according to the principle of minimum switching loss to form a switching sequence, and calculating the switching times of the switching sequence;
a switching sequence determination module configured to: a cost function is constructed, a switching sequence that minimizes the cost function is selected, and the sequence is applied to the switching tube to drive the switching tube.
8. The three-level inverter midpoint balance control system under low voltage ride through conditions of claim 7, wherein the duty cycle calculation module is further configured to: when the midpoint potential is smaller than or equal to the midpoint potential threshold value, establishing a volt-second balance equation according to the relation between the reference voltage and the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector, and establishing a midpoint potential balance equation according to the relation between the midpoint potential deviation and the first vector; obtaining the duty ratios of a first vector, a second vector, a third vector and a zero vector by solving a volt-second balance equation and a midpoint potential balance equation;
or,
the voltage vector is specifically: a zero vector OOO, six first vectors, six second vectors and six third vectors, wherein the common-mode voltage of the six first vectors is smaller than a first set threshold;
or,
selecting a second vector and a third vector nearest to the reference voltage according to the position of the reference voltage vector; selecting two first vectors closest to the reference voltage and a first vector having the same current as the second vector according to the position of the reference voltage vector;
or,
when the midpoint potential is larger than a set threshold value, a PI regulator is adopted to obtain the duty ratio of a first vector; selecting a first vector according to the midpoint potential, the three-phase current direction and the set threshold relation of the midpoint potential difference, and obtaining the duty ratios of a second vector, a third vector and a zero vector through a volt-second balance equation;
or,
the method comprises the following steps of (1) substituting midpoint multi-current and switching times generated by different switching sequences into a cost function, selecting the switching sequence which enables the cost function to be minimum, and using the switching sequence to drive the switching tube to be switched on and off;
or,
and synthesizing the reference voltage by adopting four vectors including the first vector, the second vector, the third vector and the zero vector.
9. A medium having a program stored thereon, wherein the program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the method for controlling midpoint balance of a three-level inverter under low voltage ride through conditions as recited in any one of claims 1-7.
10. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor when executing the program implements the steps in the method for controlling the neutral point balance of a three-level inverter under low voltage ride through conditions as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.
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CN114285074A (en) * 2021-12-21 2022-04-05 山东大学 Multi-target prediction control method and system for multi-level inverter
CN114285074B (en) * 2021-12-21 2023-09-12 山东大学 Multi-level inverter multi-target prediction control method and system

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