CN111176612A - Random number generating device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a random number generating device, which comprises a first vertical cavity surface emitting laser VCSEL1 and a second vertical cavity surface emitting laser VCSEL 2. Feedback signals of the first dual-optical feedback structure and signals of the second vertical cavity surface laser generator VCSEL2 which are processed in the same way are injected into the first vertical cavity surface emitting laser VCSEL1 in parallel, so that two polarization modes of the first vertical cavity surface emitting laser VCSEL1 are output in chaotic light, the output is divided into two paths of independent output by a polarization beam splitter after passing through an adjustable attenuator and a polarization controller, and four paths of independent random number sequence output can be obtained by processing the second vertical cavity surface laser generator VCSEL2 in the same way. According to the invention, through chaotic light mutual injection, a multi-path broadband chaotic entropy source signal can be obtained, and the system performance is excellent.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of information processing technologies, and in particular, to a random number generating apparatus.
Background
Random numbers have wide and important applications in the fields of scientific computing, identity recognition, information security, and the like. Particularly in secret communication, random numbers are used for generating keys to encrypt plaintext information, and the reliability of the random numbers is related to aspects of national security, commercial finance, personal privacy and the like. In the aspect of generating random numbers based on a chaotic laser entropy source, currently, a chaotic light output is generated by using a commonly used edge emitting semiconductor laser (DFB-SLs), and the research based on Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) is relatively weak. The VCSELs structural characteristics provide a unique set of advantages, such as: (1) the active area is small in size, and the optical cavity is short in length; (2) the direction of emergent light is vertical to the surface of the substrate, so that the limitation of a transverse light field is easy to realize, and convenience is provided for manufacturing a high-density two-dimensional array; (3) because a plurality of lasers can be placed in parallel in the direction vertical to the surface of the substrate, the VCSELs are very suitable for being applied to the fields of parallel optical transmission and parallel optical interconnection; (4) the emergent light beam is circular, and the divergence angle is small, so that the emergent light beam is easy to couple with optical fibers and other optical elements, and the coupling rate is greatly improved; (5) because VCSELs are compatible with light emitting diodes, the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced in the manufacturing process. Particularly, the VCSEL can output two orthogonal polarization components simultaneously under a more suitable working condition, theoretically, when the two polarization components are in chaotic oscillation, the chaotic signal output by each polarization component can be used as an entropy source to acquire a physical random number, and thus a system for generating multipath random numbers can be constructed. At present, schemes for acquiring double-path PRNs based on chaotic output of two polarization components in VCSELs are few, and the application of the schemes in the field of random numbers still has attractive prospects. A common chaotic entropy source signal acquired based on an optical injection SL or a cross-coupled SLs system usually contains a relatively obvious time delay characteristic (TDS), that is, the chaotic signal contains a weak periodic oscillation component, so that the time delay characteristic needs to be suppressed as much as possible to improve the quality of the entropy source signal. In addition, in recent years, research on random number acquisition based on chaos of laser of a Semiconductor Laser (SL) as an entropy source has been greatly advanced, but most research results are that random numbers are acquired based on chaos output of Edge Emitting Semiconductor Lasers (EESLs) as an entropy source, and the EESLs generally only have one polarization mode to lase, so that only one path of entropy source can be generated, and parallel generation of multiple paths of random numbers is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and to provide a generating device capable of generating multiple high-speed physical random numbers.
A random number generating apparatus includes a first vertical cavity surface emitting laser VCSEL1 and a second vertical cavity surface emitting laser VCSEL 2;
the laser output from the first VCSEL1 is divided into two parts after passing through the fiber coupler FC1 and the fiber coupler FC3 in sequence, and one part of the laser is fed back to the first VCSEL1 after passing through the first dual-optical feedback structure; the other part is divided into two parts again after passing through an adjustable attenuator VA2 and an optical fiber coupler FC4, and one part is divided into two paths of independent outputs as an entropy source 1 and an entropy source 2 by a polarization beam splitter PBS1 after the polarization direction of the other part is adjusted by a second polarization controller PC 2; the other part is injected into a VCSEL2 of a second vertical cavity surface laser generator after the polarization direction of the other part is adjusted by a polarization controller PC3, so that under the disturbance of parallel light injection, the VCSEL2 is simultaneously excited in an X-PC polarization mode and a Y-PC polarization mode and respectively outputs chaotic light;
the chaotic light output from the second VCSEL2 is divided into two parts by an optical fiber coupler FC2, one part is isolated by an optical isolator OI1, the other part is divided into two parts by an optical fiber coupler FC5, and one part is fed back to the second VCSEL2 after passing through a second dual-light feedback structure with the same structure as the first dual-light feedback structure; the other part is divided into two parts again after passing through an adjustable attenuator VA4 and an optical fiber coupler FC6, and one part is divided into two paths of independent outputs as an entropy source 3 and an entropy source 4 by a polarization beam splitter PBS2 after the polarization direction of the other part is adjusted by a polarization controller PC 5; the other part is injected into the first VCSEL1 after the polarization direction is adjusted by the polarization controller PC6, and the other part of the laser light output from the first VCSEL1 is separated by the optical isolator OI2 by the fiber coupler FC 1.
Further, the random number generation apparatus as described above, for the feedback time, there are the following conditions:
feedback time of another external cavity
Wherein, tau1Feedback time, tau, of an external cavity of a dual optical feedback structure2Feedback time, τ, of an external cavity of another dual optical feedback structureRO＝2π(2κγe(μ-1))-1/2Is the relaxation oscillation period of the laser, and kappa represents the optical field decay rate, gammaeRepresenting the total carrier decay rate.
Further, in the random number generating apparatus as described above, the first dual optical feedback structure includes: the system comprises an optical circulator OC1, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA1, two first optical feedback systems consisting of the optical circulator and a chirped fiber Bragg grating, a polarization controller PC1 and an adjustable attenuator VA 1;
a part of laser branched from the fiber coupler FC3 is amplified by an optical circulator OC1 and an erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA1 in sequence, passes through the two optical feedback systems consisting of the optical circulator and the chirped fiber Bragg grating, passes through a polarization controller PC1, an adjustable attenuator VA1 and an optical circulator OC1, and is fed back to a first vertical cavity surface laser generator VCSEL 1;
the second dual-optical feedback structure comprises: an optical circulator OC4, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA2, two second optical feedback systems consisting of the optical circulator and a chirped fiber Bragg grating, a polarization controller PC4 and an adjustable attenuator VA 3;
a part of laser light split from the fiber coupler FC5 is amplified by an optical circulator OC4 and an erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA2 in sequence, passes through the two second optical feedback systems consisting of the optical circulator and the chirped fiber bragg grating, passes through a polarization controller PC4, an adjustable attenuator VA3 and an optical circulator OC4, and is fed back to a second vertical cavity surface laser generator VCSEL 2.
Further, in the random number generating apparatus as described above, the entropy source 1 and the entropy source 2 output by the first vertical cavity surface laser generator VCSEL1, the entropy source 3 output by the second vertical cavity surface laser generator VCSEL2, and the entropy source 4 are used as the channel CH1, the channel CH2, the channel CH3, and the channel CH4 of the data acquisition module, and after any arrangement and combination, a multi-channel random number sequence can be generated.
Further, the random number generating apparatus as described above, further includes a post-processing module, the post-processing module including: the oscilloscope OSC, the delayer, the subtracter, the analog-to-digital converter, the LSBs intercepting module and the XOR operation module;
after the multi-path random number sequence obtained by the data acquisition module passes through an oscilloscope OSC, an electric signal obtained by the oscilloscope is divided into two parts, wherein one part is subjected to delay processing of time T, the delay data is subtracted from the original data to obtain difference data, the difference data is sampled and quantized into a bit sequence through an 8-bit analog-to-digital converter, and finally the bit sequence is subjected to least significant bit interception and XOR processing to generate a random number.
Under proper external disturbance, the vertical cavity surface laser generator VCSELs can output chaotic signals by two orthogonal polarization components, so that two paths of chaotic signals can be simultaneously extracted to be used as entropy sources to generate random numbers in parallel. The invention adopts a cross-coupling structure of two vertical cavity surface laser generators to output chaotic signals, can generate four-path chaotic output, and can obtain a multi-path random number sequence after the four-path chaotic output is properly processed.
Has the advantages that:
firstly, the system has excellent performance and symmetrical structure.
Specifically, firstly, the feedback structure of the invention adopts an external cavity feedback structure, the structural design is simple, the implementation is easy, and chaotic oscillation is easy to generate; according to the invention, VCSELs chaotic light mutual injection is adopted, and the frequency detuning of the two lasers is adjusted, so that the bandwidth of the entropy source can be broadened, and the quality of the entropy source is improved; secondly, a feedback loop is formed based on the chirped fiber Bragg grating, so that the time delay characteristic of the chaotic laser can be effectively inhibited; moreover, the post-processing method adopted by the invention can also inhibit the time delay characteristic of the output chaotic signal and obtain the high-speed physical random number.
And secondly, obtaining a multi-path broadband chaotic entropy source signal by chaotic light mutual injection.
Specifically, the chaotic light mutual injection method enables the two polarization modes of the vertical cavity surface laser generators 1 and 2 to be output as chaotic light through the chaotic light mutual injection and be used as a chaotic entropy source to obtain random numbers. Under the condition of proper parameters, the chaotic light mutual injection system can widen the bandwidth of chaotic light and improve the quality of an entropy source.
And thirdly, outputting multiple paths of random numbers in parallel.
Specifically, the invention is designed as a mutual coupling system, and the symmetrical structure is adopted to help two VCSELs to output chaotic signals with similar dynamic characteristics, namely chaotic signals with similar bandwidth and time delay characteristics, so that the chaotic signals with similar characteristics are adopted as entropy sources to help the generation of subsequent random numbers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an optical fiber type entropy source module according to the present invention;
FIG. 2(a) is a first block diagram of a data acquisition module;
FIG. 2(b) is a second block diagram of the data acquisition module;
FIG. 2(c) is a third block diagram of the data acquisition module;
FIG. 2(d) is a fourth block diagram of the data acquisition module;
FIG. 2(e) is a fifth diagram of the data acquisition module structure;
FIG. 2(f) is a sixth block diagram of a data acquisition module;
FIG. 2(g) is a seventh block diagram of a data acquisition module;
FIG. 2(h) is a block diagram eight of the data acquisition module;
FIG. 2(i) is a ninth block diagram of the data acquisition module;
FIG. 2(j) is a block diagram of a data acquisition module;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of a post-processing module.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of an optical fiber type entropy source module according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, laser output by a first vertical cavity surface emitting laser VCSEL1 is divided into two parts by an optical fiber coupler FC1, and after one part of the laser is amplified by an optical circulator OC1 and an erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA1, the two parts pass through two optical feedback systems composed of an optical circulator and a chirped fiber bragg grating, and then pass through a polarization controller PC1, an adjustable attenuator VA1 and an optical circulator OC1 to form a dual optical feedback system 1, which feeds back the laser to a first vertical laser generator VCSEL 1; the other part passes through an adjustable attenuator VA2, is divided into two parts again after passing through an optical fiber coupler FC4, and the other part is divided into two paths of independent outputs as an entropy source 1 and an entropy source 2 after passing through a polarization controller PC2 to adjust the polarization direction; the other part is injected into a second vertical cavity surface laser generator VCSEL2 after the polarization direction is adjusted by a triple polarization controller PC3, so that the VCSEL2 can simultaneously lase in two polarization modes (an X-PC mode and a Y-PC mode) under the disturbance of parallel light injection and respectively output as chaotic light. The chaotic light output by the VCSEL2 is divided into two parts by the optical fiber coupler FC2, one part is isolated by the optical isolator OI1, the other part is divided into two parts by the optical fiber coupler FC5, and one part passes through the same dual-optical feedback structure 2 and is fed back to the second VCSEL 2; the other part passes through an adjustable attenuator VA4, is divided into two parts again after passing through an optical fiber coupler FC6, and the other part is divided into two paths of independent outputs as an entropy source 3 and an entropy source 4 after passing through a polarization controller PC5 to adjust the polarization direction; the other part is injected into the first VCSEL1 after the polarization direction is adjusted by the polarization controller PC 6. The laser light output from the first VCSEL1 is split by the fiber coupler FC1 and the split laser light is isolated by the optical isolator OI 2. The adjustable attenuator VA1 and the adjustable attenuator VA3 are used for adjusting feedback intensity, the polarization controller PC1 and the polarization controller PC4 are used for adjusting the polarization state of feedback light, and the polarization controller PC3 and the polarization controller PC6 are used for adjusting the polarization state of injected light, so that the two lasers can be masoned and output under the disturbance of parallel light. The adjustable attenuators VA2 and VA4 are used for adjusting the mutual coupling strength.
In the invention, the feedback structure adopts a double-external-cavity feedback structure. The external cavity feedback structure can realize chaotic state oscillation, and has the advantages of simple structure, easy integration and high direct modulation rate. The time delay characteristic of the feedback light can be effectively inhibited by the chirped fiber Bragg grating.
Dual cavity feedback allows VCSELs to produce more complex dynamics than single cavity feedback. The dual-cavity feedback can improve the complexity of chaos and inhibit the low-frequency fluctuation of the chaos, so that the laser can generate more stable chaos output. Meanwhile, the delay characteristic of the feedback external cavity can be inhibited, and the quality of chaotic signals is improved.
The external cavity feedback structure is simple, easy to integrate and high in direct modulation rate. The external cavity feedback effect is equivalent to adding a gain factor and a phase factor in a self-reproduction condition, so that the oscillation threshold and the frequency of the laser are changed, and the laser can more easily realize chaotic state oscillation.
Preferably, when the feedback time of the other external cavity is
(wherein τ)1Is the feedback time of an external cavity, tauRO＝2π(2κγe(μ-1))-1/2The relaxation oscillation period of the laser), better suppression of the external cavity characteristics can be achievedThe effect is improved, so that the system performance is better.
In particular, because the chaotic entropy source signal acquired by the current SLs-based or mutual coupling SLs-based system usually contains a significant time delay characteristic (TDS), that is, the chaotic signal contains a weak periodic oscillation component. Therefore, the suppression or elimination of the time delay characteristic of the chaotic laser is beneficial to the improvement of the quality of the entropy source, thereby being beneficial to the extraction of multi-bit random numbers, and the high-quality random numbers can be obtained without complex post-processing technology.
Fig. 2(a) -2 (j) show the data acquisition module of the present invention. Entropy sources 1 to 4 (X) of VCSEL1, 2 output1、Y1、X2、Y2) As channels 1,2,3 and 4(CH1, CH2, CH3, CH 4); channel five (CH5) may be output by entropy source 1 and entropy source 3 in combination, channel six (CH6) by entropy source 1 and entropy source 4 in combination, channel seven (CH7) by entropy source 2 and entropy source 3 in combination, and channel eight (CH8) by entropy source 2 and entropy source 4 in combination; channel nine (CH9) is output by entropy sources 1,2, and 3 in combination, channel ten (CH10) is output by entropy sources 1,2, and 4 in combination, channel eleven (CH11) is output by entropy sources 1,3, and 4 in combination, and channel twelve (CH12) is output by entropy sources 2,3, and 4 in combination; channel thirteen (CH13) is output by entropy sources 1,2,3, 4 in combination. Each group of signals is combined by off-line subtraction, e.g. the combined output of CH5 is X1-X2And the combined output of CH9 is X1+Y1-X2The combined output of CH13 is (X)1-X2)-(Y1-Y2). Entropy sources 1 to 4 (X) of VCSEL1, 2 output1、Y1、X2、Y2) The optical signal is converted into an electrical signal by a photodetector, and the output of each channel is obtained by the combination (minus sign represents subtraction, namely X)1Subtracting X from the signal of2Signal(s) of (a).
Specifically, since post-processing is performed after the output signal is converted into an electrical signal only by the photoelectric converter, only four random number sequences can be obtained. After different data acquisition modes, the random number sequence output can be increased, and the random number quality can be improved, so that the data acquisition method adopts signal subtraction to obtain multi-channel output, and new channel output can be obtained by changing the subtraction sequence between signals under necessary conditions.
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a post-processing module according to the present invention. After thirteen channel outputs obtained by the data acquisition module pass through the oscilloscope, an electric signal (represented by A in the figure) obtained by the oscilloscope is divided into two parts, wherein one part is subjected to delay processing of time T, and the delay data is subtracted from the original data to obtain difference data (represented by B in the figure). The difference data is then quantized into a bit sequence (initial random sequence) via 8-bit analog-to-digital converter sampling. And finally, performing least significant bit (m-LSBs) interception and XOR processing on the bit sequence to generate a high-quality random number. (LSBs interception and XOR processing can be implemented by FPGA chip or in oscilloscope by its CPU programming operation)
Specifically, after the four-way chaotic output is subjected to data acquisition shown in fig. 2(a) -2 (j) and post-processing shown in fig. 3, a multi-way high-speed physical random number sequence can be obtained.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A random number generating apparatus comprising a first vertical cavity surface emitting laser VCSEL1 and a second vertical cavity surface emitting laser VCSEL 2;
the laser output from the first VCSEL1 is divided into two parts after passing through the fiber coupler FC1 and the fiber coupler FC3 in sequence, and one part of the laser is fed back to the first VCSEL1 after passing through the first dual-optical feedback structure; the other part is divided into two parts again after passing through an adjustable attenuator VA2 and an optical fiber coupler FC4, and one part is divided into two paths of independent outputs as an entropy source 1 and an entropy source 2 by a polarization beam splitter PBS1 after the polarization direction of the other part is adjusted by a second polarization controller PC 2; the other part is injected into a VCSEL2 of a second vertical cavity surface laser generator after the polarization direction of the other part is adjusted by a polarization controller PC3, so that under the disturbance of parallel light injection, the VCSEL2 is simultaneously excited in an X-PC polarization mode and a Y-PC polarization mode and respectively outputs chaotic light;
the chaotic light output from the second VCSEL2 is divided into two parts by an optical fiber coupler FC2, one part is isolated by an optical isolator OI1, the other part is divided into two parts by an optical fiber coupler FC5, and one part is fed back to the second VCSEL2 after passing through a second dual-light feedback structure with the same structure as the first dual-light feedback structure; the other part is divided into two parts again after passing through an adjustable attenuator VA4 and an optical fiber coupler FC6, and one part is divided into two paths of independent outputs as an entropy source 3 and an entropy source 4 by a polarization beam splitter PBS2 after the polarization direction of the other part is adjusted by a polarization controller PC 5; the other part is injected into the first VCSEL1 after the polarization direction is adjusted by the polarization controller PC6, and the other part of the laser light output from the first VCSEL1 is separated by the optical isolator OI2 by the fiber coupler FC 1.
2. The random number generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein for the feedback time, there are the following conditions:
feedback time of another external cavity
Wherein, tau1Feedback time, tau, of an external cavity of a dual optical feedback structure2Feedback time, τ, of an external cavity of another dual optical feedback structureRO＝2π(2κγe(μ-1))-1/2Is the relaxation oscillation period of the laser, and kappa represents the optical field decay rate, gammaeRepresenting the total carrier decay rate.
3. The random number generating apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first dual optical feedback structure comprises: the system comprises an optical circulator OC1, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA1, two first optical feedback systems consisting of the optical circulator and a chirped fiber Bragg grating, a polarization controller PC1 and an adjustable attenuator VA 1;
a part of laser branched from the fiber coupler FC3 is amplified by an optical circulator OC1 and an erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA1 in sequence, passes through the two optical feedback systems consisting of the optical circulator and the chirped fiber Bragg grating, passes through a polarization controller PC1, an adjustable attenuator VA1 and an optical circulator OC1, and is fed back to a first vertical cavity surface laser generator VCSEL 1;
the second dual-optical feedback structure comprises: an optical circulator OC4, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA2, two second optical feedback systems consisting of the optical circulator and a chirped fiber Bragg grating, a polarization controller PC4 and an adjustable attenuator VA 3;
a part of laser light split from the fiber coupler FC5 is amplified by an optical circulator OC4 and an erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA2 in sequence, passes through the two second optical feedback systems consisting of the optical circulator and the chirped fiber bragg grating, passes through a polarization controller PC4, an adjustable attenuator VA3 and an optical circulator OC4, and is fed back to a second vertical cavity surface laser generator VCSEL 2.
4. The random number generator according to claim 1, wherein the entropy sources 1 and 2 output by the first vertical cavity surface laser generator VCSEL1, the entropy source 3 output by the second vertical cavity surface laser generator VCSEL2, and the channel CH1, the channel CH2, the channel CH3, and the channel CH4, which are used as data acquisition modules, are arranged and combined to generate multiple random number sequences.
5. The random number generating apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising a post-processing module, the post-processing module comprising: the oscilloscope OSC, the delayer, the subtracter, the analog-to-digital converter, the LSBs intercepting module and the XOR operation module;
after the multi-path random number sequence obtained by the data acquisition module passes through an oscilloscope OSC, an electric signal obtained by the oscilloscope is divided into two parts, wherein one part is subjected to delay processing of time T, the delay data is subtracted from the original data to obtain difference data, the difference data is sampled and quantized into a bit sequence through an 8-bit analog-to-digital converter, and finally the bit sequence is subjected to least significant bit interception and XOR processing to generate a random number.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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