CN111176340A - Solar energy compound tracking method - Google Patents
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- CN111176340A CN111176340A CN202010125009.0A CN202010125009A CN111176340A CN 111176340 A CN111176340 A CN 111176340A CN 202010125009 A CN202010125009 A CN 202010125009A CN 111176340 A CN111176340 A CN 111176340A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a solar composite tracking method, wherein a solar tracking control system comprises a condenser and a control driving device, and the solar composite tracking method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the condenser acquires the current illumination intensity; judging whether the illumination intensity is greater than a set intensity threshold value, if so, tracking the sun azimuth by adopting a photoelectric tracking method; if not, an improved sun sight movement track tracking method is adopted to track the sun direction. Compared with the prior art, the composite solar tracking method adopting the photoelectric tracking method and the improved apparent day motion trajectory tracking method can switch specific tracking modes according to weather and illumination conditions, can overcome the instability of the photoelectric tracking method, and realizes all-weather, high-precision and intelligent tracking of the sun position by the sun tracking control system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar energy, in particular to a solar energy compound tracking method.
Background
With the gradual increase of the permeability of distributed energy, the working efficiency of the solar power generation device is more and more concerned by people. At present, the main tracking methods of the condenser in the solar tracking control system include a sight day movement track tracking method and a photoelectric tracking method.
In the photoelectric tracking method, a position deviation signal of a condenser is generated by using photosensitive elements such as a photosensitive resistor, a photosensitive diode and a photoelectric cell, the position deviation signal is easily influenced by environmental factors such as illumination, weather and temperature, and the working stability of a sun tracking control system is threatened.
In the sun-looking movement track tracking method, a sun tracking control system is required to continuously and uninterruptedly operate so as to realize real-time tracking of the sun. However, the solar moving track data shows that the solar moving speed is very slow and has no linear relation, the maximum moving speed is about 2 degrees/min, and the minimum moving speed is about 0.1 degrees/min. If the sun tracking control system is enabled to run slowly according to the moving speed of the sun in real time, the control difficulty of the sun tracking control system is increased, and the energy loss of the sun tracking control system is increased. Therefore, the prior sun tracking control system mostly adopts an intermittent mode when starting the apparent sun movement track tracking, namely, the condenser carries out the fast tracking of the sun position once every a period of time, the condenser shaft does not need to rotate in the rest time, the driving mechanism of the sun tracking control system is in a waiting state, and the sun tracking control system does not carry out the next fast tracking until the artificially set waiting time is over. However, although the intermittent tracking method simplifies the control algorithm, the tracking accuracy and the solar light utilization efficiency are reduced while the number of operations of the drive mechanism and the drive cost are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a solar energy compound tracking method, which improves the energy acceptance rate of a condenser in a solar energy tracking control system.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a solar energy compound tracking method, a solar energy tracking control system comprises a condenser and a control driving device, and the compound tracking method comprises the following steps:
s1, the condenser acquires the current illumination intensity;
s2, judging whether the illumination intensity is larger than the set intensity threshold value, if so, executing a step S3; if not, go to step S4;
s3, tracking the sun azimuth by adopting a photoelectric tracking method;
and S4, tracking the sun azimuth by adopting an improved view-day motion track tracking method.
Further, the improved method for tracking the motion trail of the apparent day specifically comprises the following steps:
s41, calculating theoretical positions of the sun at different moments, namely sun running tracks, according to historical data of latitude angles, sun declination angles and sun time angles of the sun tracking control system at different moments;
s42, calculating the sun according to the altitude α and the azimuth angle gamma of the sun in the running track of the sunThe included angle omega of the light and the horizontal line is selected to be 0 degrees, 30 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees, and the position of the sun at the included angle omega is recorded to correspond to the time t in the dayn，n＝1、2、3、4；
S43, when t is reachednAt the moment, judging whether the numerical value of the current included angle omega is larger than t or notnAnd if the theoretical included angle value in the running track of the sun at the moment is the theoretical included angle value, controlling a driving device to drive a condenser to carry out position adjustment, wherein the adjusted position corresponds to tn+1The position corresponding to the sun at that moment.
Further, still include:
s44, detecting the condenser after position adjustment: judging the actual rotation angle theta of the condenser2Whether the difference delta theta between the difference value and the 30 degrees is larger than a set range or not is judged, if yes, the condenser rotates delta theta in the opposite direction and then stops rotating; if not, the condenser stops rotating.
Furthermore, a light energy receiving function of the condenser is designed, an included angle between a normal plane corresponding to the maximum light energy receiving of the condenser and the solar ray is found through the light energy receiving function, the included angle is programmed into a rotation program of the control driving device, and the speed and the direction of the condenser in the rotation process are controlled.
Further, the expression of the function of the received light energy of the condenser is as follows:
F＝Pcosψ+P0
in the formula, P is the energy of the direct solar rays received by the condenser; p0The energy of the solar scattered light received by the condenser; psi is the angle of the sun rays with respect to the waiting time to the normal of the plane in which the concentrator lies.
Further, the acquisition mode of the solar trajectory specifically includes: coordinate conversion is carried out on the equatorial coordinate system and the horizon coordinate system, and the numerical values of the solar altitude angle and the solar azimuth angle in the horizon coordinate system are determined according to the parameters of the sun in the equatorial coordinate system; wherein, the X axis of the horizontal coordinate system XYZ-O points to the zenith direction, the Y axis points to the true south direction, and the Z axis points to the true east direction; the x axis of the equatorial coordinate system xyz-o is vertical to the equatorial plane and points to the north pole of the earth, the y axis points to the intersection point of the coil and the equator at the position where the sun tracking control system is located from the earth center, and the z axis is in the equatorial plane of the earth.
Further, the conversion relation expression of the horizontal coordinate system and the equatorial coordinate system is as follows:
in the formula, i, j and k are unit vectors in the directions of x, y and z axes respectively; I. j, K represent unit direction vectors on the X, Y, and Z axes, respectively;
the latitude angle of the place where the sun tracking control system is located.
Further, the calculation expression of the solar altitude and the solar azimuth is as follows:
wherein alpha represents the solar altitude, gamma represents the solar azimuth,
the latitude angle of the location of the sun tracking control system, the declination angle of the sun of the location of the sun tracking control system, and the solar hour angle of the location of the sun tracking control system.
Furthermore, the control driving device adopts a double-shaft control system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a composite solar tracking method adopting a photoelectric tracking method and an improved apparent day motion trail tracking method, which can switch specific tracking modes according to weather and illumination conditions, overcome the instability of the photoelectric tracking method and realize all-weather, high-precision and intelligent tracking of a sun tracking control system on the position of the sun.
2. The invention provides an improved apparent day movement track tracking method by accurately predicting the solar running track, so that the condenser can realize advanced intermittent apparent day movement track tracking, and the receiving efficiency of solar energy is effectively improved.
3. The invention designs the function of the light energy received by the condenser, thereby finding the included angle between the normal plane and the solar ray corresponding to the maximum light energy received by the condenser, and programming the included angle into the rotation program of the condenser, so that the condenser receives more solar energy in the process of changing the position, and the power generation efficiency of the solar thermal power generation device is improved.
4. According to the invention, the accurate sun running track is obtained by performing coordinate conversion on the equator coordinate system and the horizon coordinate system, so that the correct running of the composite tracking method in the solar tracking control system is facilitated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of an improved apparent day motion trail tracking method.
Fig. 2 is a coordinate diagram of an improved view-day motion trajectory tracking method.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a spatial geometric model of the position of the sun.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the conversion between the horizontal coordinate system and the equatorial coordinate system.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a curve of a motion trajectory of an elevation angle of an improved method for tracking a motion trajectory of a day.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of an azimuth motion trajectory curve of the improved apparent day motion trajectory tracking method.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the cosine effect of the energy received by the condenser.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
The embodiment provides a solar energy compound tracking method. The solar tracking control system comprises a condenser and a control driving device. The embodiment aims at the problems of low tracking precision and low sunlight conversion efficiency in the intermittent tracking method of the existing solar tracking control system, provides a composite tracking mode combining advanced intermittent apparent day motion trail tracking and photoelectric tracking, and combines a control driving device with a double-shaft driving structure, so that apparent day motion trail tracking and photoelectric tracking can be automatically switched, a condenser is controlled to rotate to a specified position to realize high-precision tracking of the sun, and a power generation system obtains more light energy.
The specific steps of this embodiment include:
and step S1, the condenser acquires the current illumination intensity.
Step S2, judging whether the illumination intensity is larger than the set intensity threshold value, if yes, executing step S3; if not, step S4 is executed.
And step S3, tracking the sun azimuth by adopting a photoelectric tracking method.
And step S4, tracking the sun azimuth by adopting an improved view-day movement track tracking method.
In this embodiment, the photoelectric tracking method in step S3 adopts a known prior art, and therefore, the detailed description is omitted.
In step S4 in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the improved method for tracking a movement locus of a sun specifically includes the following steps:
and step S41, calculating the theoretical positions of the sun at different moments, namely the sun running track, according to the latitude angles, the solar declination angles and the historical data of the solar time angles of the sun tracking control system at different moments.
step S42, in the solar movement track, calculating an angle ω between the sunlight and the horizontal line according to the altitude angle α and the azimuth angle γ of the sun, selecting ω to be 0 °, 30 °, 60 °, and 90 °, and recording the positions of the sun at these angles corresponding to the time t of the dayn，n＝1、2、3、4。
Step S43, when t is reachednAt the moment, judging whether the numerical value of the current included angle omega is larger than t or notnAnd if the theoretical included angle value in the running track of the sun at the moment is the theoretical included angle value, controlling a driving device to drive a condenser to carry out position adjustment, wherein the adjusted position corresponds to tn+1The position corresponding to the sun at that moment.
Step S44, detecting the condenser after position adjustment: judging the actual rotation angle theta of the condenser2Whether the difference delta theta between the difference value and the 30 degrees is larger than a set range or not is judged, if yes, the condenser rotates delta theta in the opposite direction and then stops rotating; if not, the condenser stops rotating. The step is used for detecting whether the condenser after position adjustment has abnormal or normal rotating track deviation, reducing the action error of the system in time and improving the action sensitivity.
As shown in fig. 3, in step S41, the acquiring method of the solar trajectory specifically includes: and performing coordinate conversion on the equatorial coordinate system and the horizon coordinate system, and determining the numerical values of the solar altitude angle and the solar azimuth angle in the horizon coordinate system according to the parameters of the sun in the equatorial coordinate system.
Establishing a horizontal coordinate system XYZ-O with the position of the sun tracking control system as an origin in a sun position space geometric model, wherein an X axis points to the zenith direction, a Y axis points to the south (approximate to the origin meridian direction), and a Z axis points to the east; I. j, K respectively indicate unit direction vectors on the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis, and S indicates a solar ray unit vector. As known from the vector decomposition method, the solar unit vector S can be expressed as:
S＝sinαI+cosαcosγJ-cosαsinγK (1)
therefore, the sun tracking control system can determine the position of the sun in the horizontal coordinate system by only calculating specific numerical values of the solar azimuth angle gamma and the solar altitude angle α.
In the solar space geometric position model, a coordinate system xyz-o is an equatorial coordinate system established by taking the geocenter as an origin, an x axis is perpendicular to an equatorial plane and points to the north pole of the earth, a y axis points to the intersection point of a coil and the equator at the position where the solar tracking control system is located from the geocenter, a z axis is in the equatorial plane of the earth and is perpendicular to an xoy plane, and the three axes accord with the coordinate rule of a right hand. i. j and k are unit vectors in the directions of x, y and z axes, respectively. The unit vector S of the sun rays in the equatorial coordinate system can in turn be expressed as:
S＝sinδi+cosδcosωj-cosδsinωk (2)
in the formula, δ is the declination angle of the sun, and ω is the solar hour angle.
Because the XOY plane in the horizontal coordinate system and the XOY plane in the equatorial coordinate system are both positioned in the warp coil plane of the location of the solar tracking control system, and the Z axis in the horizontal coordinate system is parallel to the Z axis in the equatorial coordinate system, the equatorial coordinate system is integrally moved in parallel along the connecting line Oo between the location of the solar tracking control system and the geocentric, and finally two coordinate systems with the same origin and the coincidence of the Z axis and the Z axis are obtained. By moving the equator coordinate system as a whole in a specific direction, a conditional basis for interconversion between the horizon coordinate system and the equator coordinate system is obtained.
As can be seen from figure 4 of the drawings,
the latitude angle of the place where the sun tracking control system is located. Respectively projecting unit direction vectors of an X axis and a Y axis in an equatorial coordinate system onto unit direction vectors of the X axis and the Y axis in a horizontal coordinate system to obtain a conversion relation between the horizontal coordinate system and the equatorial coordinate system:
the following formulas (2) and (3) can obtain:
the calculation formula of the solar altitude and the solar azimuth can be derived from the formula (4) as follows:
as can be seen from equation (5), it is only necessary to know the latitude angle of the location of the sun-tracking control system
Declination angle delta of the sun and hour angle omega of the sun, canAnd calculating the theoretical position of the sun at the place at the current moment.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, when the solar tracking control system starts the advanced intermittent apparent day movement track tracking (improved apparent day movement track tracking method), the movement tracks of the solar tracking control system are distributed on two sides of the movement track of the sun, so that it is obvious that the advanced intermittent apparent day movement track tracking can make the movement track curve of the tracking system closer to the real movement track curve of the sun, and the solar power generation device can receive more solar energy.
As shown in fig. 7, from the perspective of energy reception, assuming that the variation of the solar illumination intensity in a short time is negligible, since the solar tracking control system operates intermittently, the position of the concentrator and the sun changes relatively, when the solar ray is vertically incident on the plane of the concentrator, the concentrator obtains the maximum solar radiation energy, and when the solar ray forms an angle θ with the normal of the concentrator, the light energy received by the concentrator is cos θ times of the energy received when the solar ray is vertically incident.
Considering that the energy received by the condenser is in cosine-shaped periodic variation and the scattering effect of water molecules, dust particles and the like in the atmosphere on the solar rays, the solar tracking control system in this embodiment designs the function of the light energy received by the condenser as follows:
F＝Pcosψ+P0
in the formula, P is the energy of the direct solar rays received by the condenser; p0The energy of the scattered rays received by the condenser is generally much less than P0And psi is the angle of the sun's rays with respect to the waiting time with respect to the normal to the plane in which the concentrator lies.
From the function of the energy of the sunlight received by the condenser, it can be seen that the energy F of the sunlight received by the condenser, the energy P of the direct rays of the sun received by the condenser, and the energy P of the scattered rays of the sun received by the condenser are measured0The angle between the sun's rays and the normal to the plane in which the concentrator lies, which is related to the waiting time, can then be found.
In the sun tracking control system, according to different intermittent apparent sun motion trajectory tracking strategies, when the condenser receives light energy, the change conditions of the included angle between the normal line of the plane where the condenser is located and the solar ray are different, so that the received light energy function is designed to find the included angle between the normal line plane corresponding to the maximum received light energy of the condenser and the solar ray and is programmed into a rotation program of the condenser. The specific process comprises the following steps:
1. measuring the maximum value of P during the waiting time and F and P corresponding to the maximum value of P0；
2. And (3) substituting the data in the step (1) into a formula to obtain the corresponding cos psi, and further obtaining the maximum value of psi.
The system controls the rotation speed and the rotation direction of the motor according to the program setting, so that the condenser rotates to a specified position, the condenser receives more solar energy, and the power generation efficiency of the solar thermal power generation device is improved. According to the integral result of the light energy function received by the condenser in the undetermined interval:
in the above formula, when the intermittent waiting time of the sun tracking control system is the same, the tracking of the motion locus of the advanced intermittent apparent day is compared with the tracking of the motion locus of the intermittent apparent day, and the tracking of the motion locus of the advanced intermittent apparent day can enable the condenser to receive more solar radiation energy, thereby proving the effectiveness of the improved method.
In this embodiment, the control drive device employs a dual-axis control system. The single-shaft sun tracking control device means that the condenser only rotates around a rotating shaft in the north-south direction to realize sun tracking in the east-west direction, and the device is simple in design and easy to realize. But because it can only change the angle of an axial direction to track the sun, the tracking precision is lower. The double-shaft solar tracking control device can control the two mutually vertical rotating shafts to rotate, so that the condenser rotates in a two-dimensional plane, and the tracking system can track the position of the sun in a multi-angle and all-around manner. The tracking precision is higher compared with a single-shaft tracking control device.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A solar energy compound tracking method, a solar energy tracking control system comprises a condenser and a control driving device, and the compound tracking method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, the condenser acquires the current illumination intensity;
s2, judging whether the illumination intensity is larger than the set intensity threshold value, if so, executing a step S3; if not, go to step S4;
s3, tracking the sun azimuth by adopting a photoelectric tracking method;
and S4, tracking the sun azimuth by adopting an improved view-day motion track tracking method.
2. The solar hybrid tracking method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the improved apparent day movement trajectory tracking method specifically comprises:
s41, calculating theoretical positions of the sun at different moments, namely sun running tracks, according to historical data of latitude angles, sun declination angles and sun time angles of the sun tracking control system at different moments;
s42, calculating an included angle omega between the sunlight and a horizontal line according to the altitude angle α and the azimuth angle gamma of the sun in the running track of the sun, and respectively recording the selected omega as 0 DEG, 30 DEG, 60 DEG and 90 DEGThe position of the sun at these angles corresponds to the time of day tn，n＝1、2、3、4；
S43, when t is reachednAt the moment, judging whether the numerical value of the current included angle omega is larger than t or notnAnd if the theoretical included angle value in the running track of the sun at the moment is the theoretical included angle value, controlling a driving device to drive a condenser to carry out position adjustment, wherein the adjusted position corresponds to tn+1The position corresponding to the sun at that moment.
3. The solar hybrid tracking method of claim 2, wherein the step S4 further comprises:
s44, detecting the condenser after position adjustment: judging the actual rotation angle theta of the condenser2Whether the difference delta theta between the difference value and the 30 degrees is larger than a set range or not is judged, if yes, the condenser rotates delta theta in the opposite direction and then stops rotating; if not, the condenser stops rotating.
4. The solar hybrid tracking method according to claim 1, wherein a light energy receiving function of the condenser is designed, an included angle between a normal plane corresponding to the maximum light energy receiving of the condenser and the solar ray is found through the light energy receiving function, and the included angle is programmed into a rotation program of the control driving device to control the speed and the direction of the condenser in the rotation process.
5. A solar compound tracking method as defined in claim 4 wherein the function of the received light energy by the concentrator is expressed as:
F＝Pcosψ+P0
in the formula, P is the energy of the direct solar rays received by the condenser; p0The energy of the solar scattered light received by the condenser; psi is the angle of the sun rays with respect to the waiting time to the normal of the plane in which the concentrator lies.
6. The solar hybrid tracking method according to claim 2, wherein the acquisition mode of the solar trajectory specifically comprises: coordinate conversion is carried out on the equatorial coordinate system and the horizon coordinate system, and the numerical values of the solar altitude angle and the solar azimuth angle in the horizon coordinate system are determined according to the parameters of the sun in the equatorial coordinate system; wherein, the X axis of the horizontal coordinate system XYZ-O points to the zenith direction, the Y axis points to the true south direction, and the Z axis points to the true east direction; the x axis of the equatorial coordinate system xyz-o is vertical to the equatorial plane and points to the north pole of the earth, the y axis points to the intersection point of the coil and the equator at the position where the sun tracking control system is located from the earth center, and the z axis is in the equatorial plane of the earth.
7. The solar hybrid tracking method according to claim 6, wherein the conversion relation expression of the horizontal coordinate system and the equatorial coordinate system is as follows:
in the formula, i, j and k are unit vectors in the directions of x, y and z axes respectively; I. j, K represent unit direction vectors on the X, Y, and Z axes, respectively;
the latitude angle of the place where the sun tracking control system is located.
8. The solar hybrid tracking method of claim 6, wherein the calculation expression of the solar altitude and solar azimuth is:
wherein alpha represents the solar altitude, gamma represents the solar azimuth,
is the latitude angle of the location of the sun tracking control system, delta is the declination angle of the sun of the location of the sun tracking control system, and omega is the heel angle of the sunThe solar hour angle of the location of the control system is tracked.
9. The solar hybrid tracking method of claim 1, wherein the control driving device adopts a two-axis control system.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115793721A (en) * | 2023-01-30 | 2023-03-14 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Sun tracking control method and device, calibration device, equipment and storage medium |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115793721A (en) * | 2023-01-30 | 2023-03-14 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Sun tracking control method and device, calibration device, equipment and storage medium |
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