CN111175333A - Building waste soil component rapid analysis and compound regulation and control method - Google Patents
Building waste soil component rapid analysis and compound regulation and control method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for quickly analyzing components of building spoil and regulating and controlling compounding, which comprises the following steps: firstly, storing and mixing the building waste soil in a flat-laying and straight-taking mode to obtain a pre-homogenized raw material, crushing, grinding, drying and screening the pre-homogenized raw material, mixing the pre-homogenized raw material with water and a digesting agent for digestion, filtering, neutralizing and diluting the obtained digestion product, and performing XRF detection on the digestion product serving as a solution to be detected to obtain the chemical composition and content of the building waste soil; the compound regulation and control method comprises the following steps: the applicability of the building spoil as a raw material of the baked brick instead of clay is evaluated by using an analysis method, and the formula of the raw material of the baked brick is obtained according to the evaluation result. Compared with the prior art, the analysis method has the advantages of strong operability, high repeatability, high detection speed, capability of simultaneously detecting the content of various mineral elements and the like, and the building waste soil is converted into regular and balanced brick making raw materials by combining a compound regulation and control method, so that the resource utilization of the building waste soil is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials and environmental engineering, relates to a technology for resource utilization of building waste residue soil, in particular to a method for quickly analyzing components of building waste soil and regulating and controlling compounding, and particularly relates to a system for quickly measuring chemical composition of waste soil and a technology for regulating and controlling compounding of a sintered brick raw material taking waste soil as a main component.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of the urban modernization process, the high-rise building is pulled out of the ground, the treatment of the building waste accumulated like a mountain becomes a great difficult problem hindering the urban construction, the common treatment methods such as incineration, landfill and the like cannot meet the growth speed of the building waste, a large amount of manpower and land resources are occupied, the ecological environment balance is greatly threatened, and the problem of resource utilization of the building waste is urgently solved.
The baked brick originates from China thousands of years ago, is a building material with convenient material acquisition, low price, good durability and simple manufacturing process, has excellent heat preservation and heat insulation performance, and is applied to the technical field in China all the time. However, in practical engineering, clay is mainly used in cultivated land, and the early traditional brick making method needs to consume a large amount of clay, so that the cultivated land in rural areas is largely damaged, land resources are wasted, and agricultural development is restricted. Under the background, a resource with a composition similar to that of clay needs to be found to partially or even completely replace the clay as a main raw material of the baked brick.
The building residue soil mainly comprises SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3CaO, etc., similar to the chemical composition of clay, are theoretically feasible as a substitute material for clay. However, the waste soil of various building engineering has wide sources and dispersed compositions, most of the waste soil is not classified and has poor quality, and the waste soil serving as a qualified raw material needs to be subjected to a large amount of treatments such as component screening, grading adjustment, raw material compounding and the like before being sintered to meet the quality requirement of a finished brick.
The chemical composition of the soil refers to the proportion of various inorganic chemical elements (such as Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg and the like) in the mineral components of the soil, and is an important index for evaluating the feasibility of replacing clay with muck as a raw material of the baked brick. The chemical composition of soil is determined by a traditional chemical analysis method (such as a colorimetric method), the result is relatively stable, but the traditional chemical reaction method can only measure one element at a time, and a sample cannot be reused, so that the method is long in test time and poor in repeatability. In addition, the spoil has complex components, the sample is difficult to extract, and the quality loss caused by multi-component reaction is difficult to avoid in actual operation, so that the detection result is influenced.
X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) is based on Moseley's law, Bragg's law and Lambert-beer's law, and is a method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical composition based on the wavelength and intensity of characteristic X-ray fluorescence generated after X-rays irradiate a sample. The method has the advantages of wide detection range, short test period, high repeatability, capability of realizing nondestructive analysis, no damage to samples and the like, can be used for analyzing inorganic components of various solid and liquid phase substances, is widely applied to the fields of drug impurity identification, metal and alloy material analysis and the like at present, and is also applied to quality control in the cement production process.
However, the XRF method is still less applied to the identification of the components of the building waste soil at present. Because the detection precision of the method greatly depends on the sample representativeness and the digestion completeness, a sample preparation method suitable for X-ray fluorescence analysis of the building spoil components is urgently needed to be proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for quickly analyzing and compounding and regulating the components of the building waste soil, and the applicability of an X-ray fluorescence spectrum analysis method to quantitative analysis of chemical components of the waste soil is discussed, so that a standard determination method is provided, the chemical property indexes of the waste soil are evaluated, a regulation and control theory is provided for the mixing amount of each sintering raw material, and the practical requirement of waste soil sintering recycling is further met.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for analyzing the chemical composition of building spoil, comprising the steps of:
1) pre-homogenizing treatment: storing and taking building waste soil raw materials in a 'flat spreading and direct taking' mode, namely forming an equal-thickness material layer which is stacked up and down in parallel by building waste soil with different stacking sources, cutting all layers from top to bottom in a direction perpendicular to the material layer when taking the soil, and putting the layers into a high-speed mixer for uniformly mixing to ensure that the components of the sampled raw materials are uniform to obtain pre-homogenized raw materials;
2) pretreatment: removing obvious large rocks such as limestone and granite from the pre-homogenized raw material in the step 1), uniformly crushing, primarily grinding, drying at 100-110 ℃ to constant weight, cooling to room temperature in a dryer, and screening to obtain a pre-treated raw material;
3) microwave digestion: mixing and wetting the pretreated raw material in the step 2) with deionized water, mixing with an acidic digesting agent, placing in a digesting instrument for digesting, promoting the dissolution of suspended particles, and obtaining a digested product;
4) diluting and fixing the volume: sequentially carrying out filtering, neutralizing, distilled water cleaning and diluting processes on the digestion product in the step 3) to obtain a clear and transparent solution to be detected;
5) XRF detection: sealing the solution to be detected in the step 4) in a sample tank of the X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, starting an instrument detection program to carry out XRF detection, and obtaining the chemical composition and content of the building waste soil.
Further, in the step 2), in the screening process, the aperture of the screen used is not more than 2 mm.
Further, in the step 3), before the pretreatment raw material is mixed with water and an acidic digesting agent, the pretreatment raw material is mixed with a grinding aid and is subjected to fine grinding, so that the fineness of the obtained refined soil sample is not more than 75 μm;
the grinding aid is 45-55 wt% of triethanolamine aqueous solution;
the dosage of the grinding aid is 0.1mL/0.3-0.5g of the pretreated raw material.
As a preferred technical solution, the fine grinding process is performed in a professional grinding apparatus, such as a raymond mill with the trademark 5R 4121.
Further, in the step 3), the addition amount of water is 2mL/0.3-0.5g of the pretreated raw material;
the acid digestion agent is a mixed solution of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid;
the adding process of the acidic digesting agent is specifically that hydrochloric acid is added firstly and mixed evenly, and then nitric acid is added;
the addition amount of the hydrochloric acid is 6mL/0.3-0.5g of the pretreated raw material;
the addition amount of the nitric acid is 2mL/0.3-0.5g of the pretreatment raw material.
The purity of the hydrochloric acid and the purity of the nitric acid are both analytically pure.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the step 3), on the premise of ensuring the sampling universality, the consumption of the pretreatment raw materials should be reduced as much as possible so as to improve the digestion degree and digestion efficiency.
Further, in the step 3), the digestion process specifically comprises:
3-1) digesting for 4-6min at 105-115 ℃ and 0.8-1.2MPa by using microwave power of 900-1100W to obtain a primary digestion product;
3-2) digesting the primary digestion product in the step 3-1) at 115-125 ℃ and 1.8-2.2MPa for 7-9min by using microwave power of 700-900W to obtain a secondary digestion product;
3-3) digesting the re-digested product in the step 3-2) at 145-155 ℃ and 2.8-3.2MPa for 9-12min by using 500-700W microwave power to obtain a digested product.
Further, in the step 4), the neutralization process is carried out under the condition of synchronously monitoring the pH value of pH test paper or a pH meter, and the used neutralizing agent is 0.1-0.3mol/L NaOH solution; the addition amount of the neutralizer is 8-12 mL;
the volume of the solution to be measured is determined according to the dosage of the pretreatment raw material, namely 50mL of the solution to be measured per 0.3-0.5g of the pretreatment raw material.
A soil material compounding regulation and control method based on the analysis method comprises the following steps: the analysis method is combined with a published standard 'sintered common brick' (GB/T5101-2017) about the performance of the sintered brick as a building spoil raw material quality evaluation theory, so that the analysis method is used for evaluating the applicability of the building spoil as a sintered brick raw material instead of clay, and the formula of the sintered brick raw material is obtained according to the evaluation result.
The evaluation method for the applicability of the building spoil as the raw material of the baked brick instead of clay further comprises the following evaluation indexes:
physical indexes are as follows: evaluating the granularity distribution and fractal characteristics of the building spoil; the grain shape is preferably rough oval grains/round grains with larger specific surface area, and the length-diameter ratio is preferably close to 1;
chemical indexes are as follows: evaluating the similarity between the contents of main inorganic chemical components of the building waste soil and the components of the standard baked brick raw material, wherein the reasonable range of the contents of the components of the standard baked brick raw material comprises SiO2(55-75％)、Al2O3(10-20％)、Fe2O33-10 percent of CaO, 0-5 percent of CaO and harmful substances of MgO and SO3Preferably controlled within 3 percent;
when SiO is present2When the content of (A) is beyond the reasonable range, the plasticity of the raw materials and the strength limit of the product are greatly reduced; when Al is present2O3When the content of (A) is less than 10%, the mechanical strength of the product is too low, and when the content of (A) is more than 20%, the strength of the product is improved, but the firing temperature is also increased, the coal consumption is large, and the quality of the product is discolored; and Fe2O3Too high content of (A) reduces the refractoriness of the product, too high content of CaO reduces the sintering temperature range, and the harmful substances MgO and SO3If the content of the (B) is too high, the product can be frosted, and the strength of the brick body is influenced;
wherein the first two components, i.e. SiO2With Al2O3The allowable error range is within +/-5%, and if the content of the components of the building waste soil is too high or too low, other soil materials can be doped to serve as adjusting soil for adjustment;
performance indexes are as follows: the plasticity index (9-13 is good), the roasting performance (the firing temperature is controlled to be 850-1000 ℃, the wider the range, the lower the possibility of under fire and over fire bricks and the influence on the sintering time) and the drying sensitivity (the drying sensitivity coefficient is not more than 1.3, the influence on the drying shrinkage and the finished product cracks) of the waste soil are evaluated.
Further, the formula comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
10-40% of fine-particle waste soil, 25-60% of medium-particle waste soil, 0-20% of coarse-particle waste soil, 0-30% of adjusting soil and 5-20% of admixture;
the particle size of the fine particle waste soil is less than 5 mu m; the particle size of the medium-particle waste soil is 5-50 mu m; the particle size of the coarse-particle waste soil is 50-1000 mu m; the inorganic mineral needed by the brick is mainly distributed in the fine particles, the coarse particles can enhance the compressive strength of the finished brick, the mixing amount is increased according to the increase of the requirement of the brick strength, and the particles with the diameter of more than 1000 mu m can cause the lime to burst to influence the quality of the product and are eliminated as much as possible.
The relative content ranges of the fine-particle waste soil, the medium-particle waste soil and the coarse-particle waste soil are determined according to the closest particle packing principle, so that the fine soil particles are fully filled in the frame pores formed by stacking the medium-particle and coarse soil particles, the stress performance of the finished brick is improved, and the reasonable raw material gradation is guaranteed.
In addition, the building waste soil is divided into fine-particle waste soil, medium-particle waste soil and coarse-particle waste soil according to the particle size, and grading control is performed according to the particle size distribution in the physical index, so that the specific mixing amount of the fine-particle waste soil, the medium-particle waste soil and the coarse-particle waste soil is determined;
in order to ensure that the components of the mixture can meet the requirements of sintering solid phase reaction, mechanical property and durability of the formed brick, namely the requirements of chemical indexes on the content of each main inorganic component, other types of soil except the waste soil are added into the sintered brick mixture to serve as the conditioning soil, the category and the mixing amount of the conditioning soil are determined according to the chemical composition of the building waste soil, if the components of the building waste soil completely meet the requirements, the building waste soil does not need to be added, and the mixing amount of the building waste soil can be correspondingly increased.
The admixture is used for adjusting the plasticity of the raw materials, improving the roasting performance and the service performance of the finished product, and further meeting the performance index.
Further, in order to ensure the roasting performance of the raw materials, the total weight percentage of the fine particle waste soil, the medium particle waste soil and the coarse particle waste soil is 50-75%;
as a preferable technical scheme, the mass ratio of the fine particle waste soil, the medium particle waste soil and the coarse particle waste soil is (1-2) to (2-3) to (0-1);
as a preferable technical scheme, the mass ratio of the fine particle waste soil, the medium particle waste soil and the coarse particle waste soil is 1.5:2.5: 0.5;
further, the conditioning soil comprises diatomite, kaolin, red shale and coal gangue;
the admixture comprises fly ash, ceramic glaze slurry residues, waste brick powder, sawdust, furnace slag, vitrified micro bubbles, silt and slag.
As a preferred technical scheme, when the admixture comprises a plurality of components, the mixing amount of each component is not more than 15%.
The invention relates to a quick identification technology of spoil components, which comprises the following steps: the theory is simple and clear, the steps are simple and easy to operate, and the instrument has higher accuracy for detecting the complicated and changeable chemical component distribution. Compared with a classical chemical reaction method, the method has the advantages that the test is non-destructive, the contents of various elements such as Si, Al, Fe, Ca and the like can be detected at one time, the mechanized operation can be realized on the premise of not influencing the accuracy, the test period is greatly shortened, and the detection efficiency is improved. Compared with similar ICP-MS and ICP-AES methods, the X-ray fluorescence spectrum is generated by electron in the transition of the energy level of the inner atomic layer and is not influenced by chemical bonds, so that the spectral line is simple, the interference is less and the sensitivity is higher.
The soil material compounding regulation and control technology comprises the following steps: the comprehensive evaluation of the applicability of the waste soil as the raw material of the baked brick is realized, the use amount of the building waste soil is controlled by taking the adjustment of reasonable gradation as a target, the category and the mixing amount of the raw material of the non-building waste soil are controlled by taking the balance chemical composition as a target, and the use amount of other admixtures is controlled by taking the adjustment of the plasticity index and the baking performance as targets, so that the building waste soil with disordered components and poor quality is converted into a regular and balanced brick making raw material after being adjusted and compounded.
The building waste soil sintered brick produced under the guidance of the invention has high sintering efficiency, low sintering temperature, various performances meeting national standards, excellent light weight and heat preservation performance, and meeting the requirement of resource utilization of building wastes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
1) the method adopts the X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to analyze the components of the building spoil, and has the advantages of simple operation, high automation degree of the analysis process, reduction of manual test errors, time and labor cost saving, good reproducibility of the detection result, high test speed, wide test range and the like;
2) the nondestructive detection of the sample is realized, a large amount of samples are not required to be prepared, almost all mineral elements in the sample can be simultaneously detected by one-time detection, the chemical composition and the content of the waste soil can be accurately and quickly obtained, and the method has greater superiority compared with the conventional chemical element reaction method;
3) the sample is dissolved by an acid solvent and is further digested by microwave to prepare a clear solution, instead of directly putting the finely ground powder tablet into a sample tank for testing, the testing error caused by the uneven surface of the solid sample after tablet pressing can be avoided, and the precision is improved;
4) the microwave digestion instrument is adopted for decomposing the turbid liquid, so that the digestion speed is high, the digestion degree is high, the secondary pollution is low, the digestion conditions are easy to control, and the like, the sample to be measured is ensured to be stably and uniformly dispersed in a medium before the analysis program is started, and the measurement accuracy of the X-ray fluorescence spectrum analysis method is improved;
5) the reasonable raw material mixing proportion is determined according to a unified principle before firing, the diversity and the nonuniformity of the physicochemical properties of the building waste soil are adjusted to a certain degree, and the special sintering mixture taking the building waste soil as a main component is ensured to have regularity, so that the sintering efficiency is greatly improved, the plasticity and the roasting performance of the raw materials are accurately controlled, and the firing temperature and the sintering cost required by the sintered brick are reduced
6) The sintering raw materials are prepared by taking the grain composition as an optimization target, so that fine particles in the mixture can be fully and uniformly filled in gaps of medium and coarse particles on a micro scale, the principle of closest particle accumulation is met, and the mechanical property and durability of the finished brick are favorably ensured;
7) the building waste soil replaces clay as a main component of a sintering raw material, so that the resource utilization of wastes can be realized, the requirement of a sustainable development concept is met, the destruction of farmland resources caused by excessive development of natural clay resources is reduced, and two purposes are achieved by one action;
8) because the residue soil is light in weight, the volume density of the finished brick can be reduced by adding the residue soil into the roasting raw material, and the performances of light weight, heat preservation and the like of the building material are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a process for chemical composition analysis of the construction waste soil according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the preparation of the sintered brick mixture by using the building waste soil as a raw material.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Before mass production, sampling is carried out in the building waste soil raw material and physicochemical analysis is carried out to ensure that the sintered finished product meets the national standard. Firstly, an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer is used for analyzing chemical components of the building spoil, and as shown in figure 1, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) pre-homogenizing treatment: adopting a raw material storage and taking mode of 'flat spreading and direct taking', namely controlling the building spoil to form an equal-thickness material layer which is stacked in parallel up and down during stacking, cutting all layers from top to bottom in a direction vertical to the material layer during material taking, and mixing uniformly to obtain a pre-homogenized raw material;
2) pretreatment: removing obvious large rocks such as limestone, granite and the like in the building waste soil, sequentially uniformly crushing, primarily grinding, placing in a drying oven, drying at 105 ℃ to constant weight, cooling to room temperature in a dryer, taking 200-300g of dried soil sample, and sieving by a 2mm sieve to obtain a pretreatment raw material;
3) fine grinding: taking 30g of the raw materials for further grinding to ensure that the fineness of soil particles is not more than 75 mu m, and dripping 0.1mL of triethanolamine as a grinding aid in the grinding process to shorten the grinding time and obtain a refined soil sample;
4) microwave digestion: taking a little amount of refined soil sample by using an electronic balance with four bits after the precision reaches a few points, putting the sample into a digestion tank, adding a small amount of deionized water for wetting, adding an acidic digestion agent after wetting, slightly shaking to fully contact the refined soil sample and the deionized water, screwing down the digestion tank and placing the digestion tank into a digestion instrument, setting a proper digestion condition, starting an instrument digestion program, and promoting the dissolution of suspended soil particles through a digestion process;
5) diluting and fixing the volume: after digestion is finished, standing until the sample is cooled, slowly opening the mouth of the digestion tank, filtering the digested liquid by using filter paper, transferring the digested liquid to a 50mL volumetric flask, adding 10mL NaOH solution to neutralize acid liquor, washing the residual liquid in the digestion tank by using distilled water, and fixing the volume to 50mL to obtain a clear and transparent solution to be detected;
6) XRF detection: sealing the solution to be detected in a sample tank of the X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, and starting an instrument detection program;
7) and (3) deriving a result: and after the detection is finished, deriving the analysis result of the chemical composition and the content.
In the step 3), a special grinding device is adopted for fine grinding of the building spoil, the triethanolamine serving as a grinding aid has a mass concentration of 50%, and the dosage of the building spoil is reduced as much as possible under the condition of ensuring the universality of sampling so as to improve the digestion degree and digestion efficiency, and the dosage is preferably 0.3-0.5 g.
In the step 4), the acidic digestion agent is HNO3The concrete adding process of the HCl mixed solution and the acidic digestion agent comprises the steps of firstly adding 6mL of hydrochloric acid, and then adding 2mL of nitric acid after a moment, wherein the hydrochloric acid and the nitric acid are analytically pure, and the digestion conditions are set as shown in Table 1;
TABLE 1 microwave digestion Condition Table
In the step 5), the concentration of the used NaOH solution is 0.2 mol/L; during acid-base neutralization, pH test paper or a pH meter can be adopted for synchronous pH value monitoring in order to determine the using amount of the NaOH solution.
After the output of the results is completed, quantitative evaluation of the quality of the raw materials is carried out, as shown in fig. 2, specifically from three aspects:
physical indexes are as follows: and evaluating the particle size distribution and fractal characteristics of the waste soil. The grain shape is preferably rough oval grains/round grains with larger specific surface area, so as to ensure that raw material grains of each component are fully contacted and uniformly heated during the roasting reaction, and the length-diameter ratio is preferably close to 1;
chemical indexes are as follows: and evaluating the similarity of the contents of main inorganic chemical components of the waste soil and the components of the standard baked brick raw materials. The reasonable range of the raw material component content of the standard baked brick comprises SiO2(55-75％)、Al2O3(10-20％)、Fe2O33-10 percent of CaO, 0-5 percent of CaO and harmful substances of MgO and SO3Preferably controlled within 3 percent;
when SiO is present2When the content of (A) is beyond the reasonable range, the plasticity of the raw materials and the strength limit of the product are greatly reduced; when Al is present2O3When the content of (A) is less than 10%, the mechanical strength of the product is too low, and when the content of (A) is more than 20%, the strength of the product is improved, but the firing temperature is also increased, the coal consumption is large, and the quality of the product is discolored; and Fe2O3Too high content of (A) reduces the refractoriness of the product, too high content of CaO reduces the sintering temperature range, and the harmful substances MgO and SO3Too high a content of (B) can lead to product blooming and affect the strength of the brick body.
Wherein the first two components, i.e. SiO2And Al2O3The allowable error range of the building waste soil is within +/-5 percent, and if the content of the components of the building waste soil is too high or too low, the building waste soil can be adjusted by doping other soil materials;
performance indexes are as follows: the plasticity index (9-13 is good), the roasting performance (the firing temperature is controlled to be 850-1000 ℃, the wider the range, the lower the possibility of under fire and over fire bricks and the influence on the sintering time) and the drying sensitivity (the drying sensitivity coefficient is not more than 1.3, the influence on the drying shrinkage and the finished product cracks) of the waste soil are evaluated.
And finally, performing soil material compounding regulation according to an evaluation result, wherein the three evaluation indexes respectively regulate and control the mixing amount of the three raw materials, and a raw material formula is formed according to the following formula: v% of fine-particle waste soil, W% of medium-particle waste soil, X% of coarse-particle waste soil, Y% of conditioning soil (other types of soil) and Z% of admixture.
The waste soil particles suitable for sintering are classified into coarse-particle waste soil (50-1000 μm), medium-particle waste soil (5-50 μm), and fine-particle waste soil (<5 μm). The inorganic mineral needed by the brick is mainly distributed in the fine particles, the coarse particles can enhance the compressive strength of the finished brick, the mixing amount is increased according to the increase of the requirement of the brick strength, and the particles with the diameter of more than 1000 mu m can cause the lime to burst to influence the quality of the product and are eliminated as much as possible.
In order to ensure that the raw material grading is reasonable, fine soil particles are fully filled in the framework pores formed by stacking medium and coarse soil particles, and the stress performance of the finished brick is improved, according to the principle of closest particle stacking, the mixing amount of three types of waste soil particles is respectively controlled to be 10-40% of fine particle waste soil V%, 25-60% of medium particle waste soil W% and 0-20% of coarse particle waste soil X%.
Wherein the preferred mass ratio of the fine particle waste soil, the medium particle waste soil and the coarse particle waste soil is (1-2) to (2-3) to (0-1); a further preferred mass ratio is 1.5:2.5: 0.5.
In addition, in order to ensure the roasting performance of the raw materials, the total mixing amount (V% + W% + X%) of the building spoil is controlled to be 50-75%.
In order to ensure that the components of the mixture can meet the requirements of solid-phase sintering reaction and mechanical properties of the formed bricks, other types of soil besides the waste soil are added into the mixture of the sintered bricks. The category and the mixing amount of the building waste soil are determined according to the chemical composition of the building waste soil, and can be one or more, and the total content is controlled to be 0-30%. If the components of the building waste soil completely meet the requirements, the building waste soil does not need to be added, and the mixing amount of the building waste soil can be correspondingly improved.
The admixture (such as fly ash, sawdust and the like) is used for adjusting the plasticity of raw materials and improving the roasting performance and the service performance of a finished product, the total amount is 5-20%, and the mixing amount of each admixture is not more than 15% when multiple admixtures exist.
Example 1:
according to the chemical component rapid analysis method, three types of building spoil are respectively subjected to chemical composition analysis by adopting an X-ray fluorescence method, and the detection results are shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2 chemical composition distribution of spoil
Example 2:
the embodiment pairThe construction spoil No. 1 in table 2 was evaluated, and the evaluation results were as follows: because of SiO in the building waste soil2Too low, and thus doped with SiO2The diatomite as the main component supplements silicon element in the waste soil, and simultaneously, the drying sensitivity coefficient of the raw material is larger, and the drying shrinkage rate during sintering can be obviously reduced by adding a proper amount of fly ash. In addition, the addition of a small amount of ceramic glaze slurry residue can reduce the harmful component SO in the raw materials3The frosting hazard caused by the over-high content.
Example 3:
in this example, the construction waste soil No. 2 in table 2 was evaluated, and the evaluation results were as follows: due to Al in the building spoil component2O3The content is too low, so that kaolin with higher aluminum content is doped to supplement aluminum element so as to meet the requirement of raw material solid phase reaction; the coal gangue is doped as a raw material barrenner, so that the plasticity and the dry sensitivity of the waste soil are reduced, and the breaking strength of the finished brick is improved. In addition, a small amount of sawdust is added to homogenize the heat source during roasting, so that the fuel utilization rate is improved.
Example 4:
in this example, the construction waste soil No. 3 in Table 2 was evaluated, and the evaluation results were as follows: because the building waste soil has higher CaO and Fe2O3The raw materials have high refractoriness, high required roasting temperature and excessive energy consumption due to low refractoriness, the red shale is doped to supplement the iron element, and meanwhile, the slag is added as a combustion improver to improve the sintering efficiency. In addition, the vitrified micro bubbles treated by the expansion process are added as pore-forming agents, fine micropore cavity structures are formed in the brick body in the roasting process, the porosity of the finished brick is increased, the density of the finished brick is reduced on the basis of ensuring the strength of the material, and the use performances of the sintered brick, such as light weight, heat preservation, heat insulation, fire resistance, and the like, are obviously enhanced.
Example 5:
this example sets forth a formulation scheme based on the results of the evaluations in examples 2-4, and three examples of separately forming a blend of baked bricks are shown in Table 3:
table 3 example grading table
(Note: the mass of each component in the table is calculated by absolute dry mass)
The sintered bricks prepared according to the compounding scheme are respectively tested, and the results are shown in table 4:
table 4 examples performance index test table
(the test data in the table are all the statistical average values of the samples selected from the finished sintered bricks)
Therefore, the performance indexes of the sintered brick, such as appearance quality, strength grade, stability and the like, all accord with the relevant regulations of national specifications on the sintered brick, the sintering temperature is about 950-980 ℃, and the sintered brick is lower than the common clay sintered brick and has low energy consumption in the roasting process.
Example 6:
a method for analyzing the chemical composition of building spoil, comprising the steps of:
1) pre-homogenizing treatment: storing and taking the building waste soil raw material in a 'flat spreading and direct taking' mode, namely controlling the building waste soil to form an equal-thickness material layer which is stacked in parallel from top to bottom during stacking, cutting all layers from top to bottom in a direction vertical to the material layer during soil taking, and uniformly mixing to obtain a pre-homogenized raw material;
2) pretreatment: removing obvious large rocks such as limestone and granite from the pre-homogenized raw material in the step 1), uniformly crushing, grinding, drying at 100 ℃ to constant weight, cooling to room temperature in a dryer, and screening through a screen with the aperture not larger than 2mm to obtain a pre-treated raw material;
3) microwave digestion: mixing 0.3g of the pretreated raw material in the step 2) with 0.1mL of 45 wt% triethanolamine aqueous solution, finely grinding to ensure that the fineness of the obtained refined soil sample is not more than 75 mu m, mixing with 2mL of deionized water for wetting, sequentially adding 6mL of hydrochloric acid and 2mL of nitric acid, and placing into a digestion instrument for digestion to promote the dissolution of suspended particles, wherein the purities of the hydrochloric acid and the nitric acid are analytically pure;
the digestion process specifically comprises the following steps:
3-1) digesting for 4min at 105 ℃ and 0.8MPa by using 900W microwave power to obtain a primary digestion product;
3-2) digesting the primary digestion product in the step 3-1) at 115 ℃ and 1.8MPa for 7min by using the microwave power of 700W to obtain a secondary digestion product;
3-3) digesting the re-digested product in the step 3-2) at 145 ℃ and 2.8MPa for 9min by using 500W microwave power to obtain a digested product;
4) diluting and fixing the volume: filtering the digestion product obtained in the step 3), neutralizing with 0.1mol/L NaOH solution, washing with distilled water, and diluting to obtain 50mL of clear and transparent solution to be measured;
wherein, the neutralization process is carried out under the condition of synchronously monitoring the pH value of the pH test paper or the pH meter;
5) XRF detection: and sealing the solution to be detected in a sample tank of the X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, starting an instrument detection program to carry out XRF detection, and obtaining the chemical composition and content of the building waste soil.
Example 7:
a method for analyzing the chemical composition of building spoil, comprising the steps of:
1) pre-homogenizing treatment: storing and taking the building waste soil raw material in a 'flat spreading and direct taking' mode, namely controlling the building waste soil to form an equal-thickness material layer which is stacked in parallel from top to bottom during stacking, cutting all layers from top to bottom in a direction vertical to the material layer during soil taking, and uniformly mixing to obtain a pre-homogenized raw material;
2) pretreatment: removing obvious large rocks such as limestone and granite from the pre-homogenized raw material in the step 1), uniformly crushing, grinding, drying at 110 ℃ to constant weight, cooling to room temperature in a dryer, and screening through a screen with the aperture not larger than 2mm to obtain a pre-treated raw material;
3) microwave digestion: mixing 0.5g of the pretreated raw material in the step 2) with 0.1mL of 55 wt% aqueous solution of triethanolamine, finely grinding to ensure that the fineness of the obtained refined soil sample is not more than 75 mu m, mixing with 2mL of deionized water for wetting, sequentially adding 6mL of hydrochloric acid and 2mL of nitric acid, and placing in a digestion instrument for digestion to promote dissolution of suspended particles, wherein the purities of the hydrochloric acid and the nitric acid are analytically pure;
the digestion process specifically comprises the following steps:
3-1) digesting for 6min at 115 ℃ and 1.2MPa by using 1100W of microwave power to obtain a primary digestion product;
3-2) digesting the primary digestion product in the step 3-1) at 125 ℃ and 2.2MPa for 9min by using 900W of microwave power to obtain a secondary digestion product;
3-3) digesting the re-digested product in the step 3-2) at 155 ℃ and 3.2MPa for 12min by using the microwave power of 700W to obtain a digested product;
4) diluting and fixing the volume: filtering the digestion product obtained in the step 3), neutralizing with 0.3mol/L NaOH solution, washing with distilled water, and diluting to obtain 50mL of clear and transparent solution to be measured;
wherein, the neutralization process is carried out under the condition of synchronously monitoring the pH value of the pH test paper or the pH meter;
5) XRF detection: and sealing the solution to be detected in a sample tank of the X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, starting an instrument detection program to carry out XRF detection, and obtaining the chemical composition and content of the building waste soil.
Example 8:
a method for analyzing the chemical composition of building spoil, comprising the steps of:
1) pre-homogenizing treatment: storing and taking the building waste soil raw material in a 'flat spreading and direct taking' mode, namely controlling the building waste soil to form an equal-thickness material layer which is stacked in parallel from top to bottom during stacking, cutting all layers from top to bottom in a direction vertical to the material layer during soil taking, and uniformly mixing to obtain a pre-homogenized raw material;
2) pretreatment: removing obvious large rocks such as limestone and granite from the pre-homogenized raw material in the step 1), uniformly crushing, grinding, drying at 105 ℃ to constant weight, cooling to room temperature in a dryer, and screening through a screen with the aperture not larger than 2mm to obtain a pre-treated raw material;
3) microwave digestion: mixing 0.4g of the pretreated raw material in the step 2) with 0.1mL of 50 wt% aqueous solution of triethanolamine, finely grinding to ensure that the fineness of the obtained refined soil sample is not more than 75 mu m, mixing with 2mL of deionized water for wetting, sequentially adding 6mL of hydrochloric acid and 2mL of nitric acid, and placing in a digestion instrument for digestion to promote dissolution of suspended particles, wherein the purities of the hydrochloric acid and the nitric acid are analytically pure;
the digestion process specifically comprises the following steps:
3-1) digesting for 5min at 110 ℃ and 1MPa by using 1000W of microwave power to obtain a primary digestion product;
3-2) digesting the primary digestion product in the step 3-1) at 120 ℃ and 2MPa for 8min by using 800W of microwave power to obtain a secondary digestion product;
3-3) digesting the re-digested product in the step 3-2) at 150 ℃ and 3MPa for 10min by using 600W microwave power to obtain a digested product;
4) diluting and fixing the volume: filtering the digestion product obtained in the step 3), neutralizing with 0.2mol/L NaOH solution, washing with distilled water, and diluting to obtain 50mL of clear and transparent solution to be measured;
wherein, the neutralization process is carried out under the condition of synchronously monitoring the pH value of the pH test paper or the pH meter;
5) XRF detection: and sealing the solution to be detected in a sample tank of the X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, starting an instrument detection program to carry out XRF detection, and obtaining the chemical composition and content of the building waste soil.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for analyzing the chemical composition of a construction waste, the method comprising the steps of:
1) pre-homogenizing treatment: storing and taking the building waste soil raw material in a flat spreading and direct taking mode, and uniformly mixing to obtain a pre-homogenized raw material;
2) pretreatment: sequentially crushing, grinding, drying and screening the pre-homogenized raw material in the step 1) to obtain a pre-treated raw material;
3) microwave digestion: mixing the pretreated raw materials in the step 2) with water and an acidic digestion agent, and placing the mixture in a digestion instrument for digestion to obtain a digestion product;
4) diluting and fixing the volume: sequentially carrying out filtering, neutralizing and diluting processes on the digestion product in the step 3) to obtain a solution to be detected;
5) XRF detection: and 4) carrying out XRF detection on the solution to be detected in the step 4) to obtain the chemical composition and content of the building waste soil.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the screen used in the step 2) has a pore size of not more than 2 mm.
3. The method for analyzing the chemical composition of the building waste soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the pretreatment raw material is mixed with a grinding aid and subjected to fine grinding before being mixed with water and an acidic digesting agent, so that the fineness of the obtained refined soil sample is not more than 75 μm;
the grinding aid is 45-55 wt% of triethanolamine aqueous solution.
4. The method for analyzing the chemical composition of the building waste soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the water is added in an amount of 2mL/0.3-0.5g of the pretreated raw material;
the acid digestion agent is a mixed solution of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid;
the adding process of the acidic digesting agent is specifically that hydrochloric acid is added firstly and mixed evenly, and then nitric acid is added;
the addition amount of the hydrochloric acid is 6mL/0.3-0.5g of the pretreated raw material;
the addition amount of the nitric acid is 2mL/0.3-0.5g of the pretreatment raw material.
5. The method for analyzing the chemical composition of the building spoil according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the digestion process specifically comprises the following steps:
3-1) digesting for 4-6min at 105-115 ℃ and 0.8-1.2MPa by using microwave power of 900-1100W to obtain a primary digestion product;
3-2) digesting the primary digestion product in the step 3-1) at 115-125 ℃ and 1.8-2.2MPa for 7-9min by using microwave power of 700-900W to obtain a secondary digestion product;
3-3) digesting the re-digested product in the step 3-2) at 145-155 ℃ and 2.8-3.2MPa for 9-12min by using 500-700W microwave power to obtain a digested product.
6. The method for analyzing the chemical composition of construction waste soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the neutralizing agent used in the neutralizing process is 0.1 to 0.3mol/L NaOH solution;
the constant volume of the solution to be detected is determined according to the dosage of the pretreatment raw material, namely 50mL of the solution to be detected/0.3-0.5 g of the pretreatment raw material.
7. A soil compounding control method based on the analysis method of any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the soil compounding control method comprises: the analysis method is used for evaluating the applicability of the building waste soil instead of clay as the raw material of the sintered brick, and the formula of the mixed raw material of the waste soil sintered brick is obtained according to the evaluation result.
8. The soil compound preparation and control method according to claim 7, wherein the formula comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
10-40% of fine-particle waste soil, 25-60% of medium-particle waste soil, 0-20% of coarse-particle waste soil, 0-30% of adjusting soil and 5-20% of admixture;
wherein the particle size of the fine particle waste soil is less than 5 μm; the particle size of the medium-particle waste soil is 5-50 mu m; the particle size of the coarse-particle waste soil is 50-1000 mu m;
the adjusting soil is used for adjusting the chemical composition and content of the mixed raw materials of the waste soil sintered brick according to the total chemical composition and content of the fine-particle waste soil, the medium-particle waste soil and the coarse-particle waste soil;
the admixture is used for improving the performance of the mixed raw material of the waste soil sintered brick.
9. The soil material compounding and controlling method according to claim 8, wherein the total weight percentage of the fine particle waste soil, the medium particle waste soil and the coarse particle waste soil is 50-75%.
10. The soil compound preparation and control method according to claim 8, wherein the soil comprises diatomite, kaolin, red shale, coal gangue;
the admixture comprises fly ash, ceramic glaze slurry residues, waste brick powder, sawdust, furnace slag, vitrified micro bubbles, silt and slag.
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