CN111173509A - Method for preventing and treating coal dust from caving in large mining height - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating coal dust from caving in large mining height Download PDFInfo
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- CN111173509A CN111173509A CN202010064358.6A CN202010064358A CN111173509A CN 111173509 A CN111173509 A CN 111173509A CN 202010064358 A CN202010064358 A CN 202010064358A CN 111173509 A CN111173509 A CN 111173509A
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
- E21C35/22—Equipment for preventing the formation of, or for removal of, dust
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preventing and treating large mining height caving coal dust, which comprises the following steps: the lower ends of the left side plate and the right side plate of the coal mining machine body are respectively provided with a spraying module, the spraying direction of the spraying module is horizontal flat jet, and the effective range of the spraying module penetrates through the caving coal dust to reach the foremost end of a caving area; cantilever spray rods are respectively arranged on two sides of the front end of the coal mining machine body, and the spraying direction of the cantilever spray rods is towards the coal wall. The method is based on the basic idea of solving the coal dust problem from a dust source, and according to the aerodynamic principle, the spraying water mist covers the caving dust source to form free turbulence and turbulence in heterogeneous fluid, so that the caving coal dust can not form diffusion migration basically, and is effectively collided, intercepted and settled in a budding state, thereby improving the efficiency of capturing the caving coal dust, particularly improving the capability of capturing inhalable coal dust below 10 mu m, and realizing the dust-settling efficiency of more than 85 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine production, in particular to a coal dust prevention method which is easy to operate on site, reliable and stable, and particularly relates to a prevention method for large mining height caving coal dust of a full-height coal mining machine in one mining process.
Background
With the improvement of the mechanization degree of coal mining, the coal mining technology of full height of thick coal seam mining at one time is generally applied, but due to gas extraction, serious coal body caving can be caused at 1-2 hydraulic supports when a roller of a coal mining machine cuts top coal, the coal body caving area is very large, and the caving area range is as follows: the width of the coal mining machine is about 2.3m (the distance from a coal baffle plate of the coal mining machine to a coal wall), the length of the coal mining machine is about 5.2m (the width of 1-2 hydraulic supports and the radius of a roller of the coal mining machine), the distance from the coal mining machine body is about 7-9m, and the coal dust generated in the moment of a collapse area can reach 1000-2000mg/m3And the production environment of the coal face is seriously polluted.
The existing spray dust-settling technology generally has the following problems: 1) the existing coal mining machine is provided with an internal and external spraying system, and the dust fall method is that a fog screen is formed at a roller of the coal mining machine and is completely covered in water fog, so that the dust fall effect is achieved, but coal dust generated by collapse is not considered at all, and the coal dust generated by collapse is completely ineffective; 2) the existing underground spray dust-settling technology is limited by a technical method, the effective spray range is short, and the coal dust-settling area cannot be reached completely, especially under the condition that a coal mining machine cuts coal against the wind; 3) most of the existing dust fall technologies only stay in written theory, are designed for solving technical problems, and do not consider various practical problems in production practice, such as spray installed on a hydraulic support, which is easy to wet clothes of coal mining machine drivers and downwind operators; the spray arranged on the body of the coal mining machine is easily buried and smashed by falling coal and coal blocks; the water consumption of the spraying is large, and the coal quality, the heat productivity and the like are easily influenced.
The existence of various problems causes the prevention and control of coal dust collapse to be difficult in the actual production process, and the practical problem to be solved urgently is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provide a method for preventing and treating coal dust from caving in mining height. The method is a special prevention and treatment method designed from actual production and aiming at the characteristics of caving coal and a caving coal dust source, has strong pertinence and does not deviate from the actual situation, and provides an effective prevention and treatment scheme for solving the problem of caving coal dust.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for preventing and treating large mining height caving coal dust is characterized in that spraying modules are respectively installed at the lower ends of a left side plate and a right side plate of a coal mining machine body, the spraying direction of each spraying module is horizontal flat jet, and the effective range of each spraying module penetrates through caving coal dust to reach the foremost end of a caving area; cantilever spray rods are respectively arranged on two sides of the front end (one end of a sidewalk) of the body of the coal mining machine, and the spraying direction of the cantilever spray rods is towards the coal wall.
In the method, the water mist sprayed by the spray module arranged on the side plate of the body of the coal mining machine can effectively penetrate through the coal dust collapse area to cover coal dust or inhibit the diffusion of the coal dust around the collapse area, and the sprayed water mist can form a negative pressure area to effectively suck coal dust particles so as to achieve the purpose of settling the coal dust. The water mist sprayed by the cantilever spray rod arranged at the front end of the machine body of the coal mining machine is directly sprayed to the coal wall, so that coal dust particles can be induced to move to the coal wall, and an isolation dust falling belt is formed.
As the preferred technical scheme, the spraying module consists of a plurality of rifling nozzles, and six lines of equidistant rifling are arranged in the rifling nozzles. The six-line equidistant rifling structure is designed based on the conservation of angular momentum theory, water passes through the rifling structure in the rifling nozzle to generate rotation of a longitudinal shaft under the action of pressure, and the stability, the effective range and the high-speed operation of the sprayed water flow are improved through the effect of a screw instrument; according to a jet flow crushing mechanism, symmetrical disturbance waves are generated by rifling to crush jet flow, and a liquid zone generated by a liquid film is crushed very quickly through the friction of air at the orifice of a rifling nozzle to form micron-sized liquid drops. The rifling nozzle can be well used for sensing and maintaining the fog flow direction, has a long spraying range, realizes low-pressure, high-range, high-pressure and high-atomization, has low flow and high range, and can thoroughly solve the problems of short range, high required pressure, high water consumption and the like of the existing spraying system. The rifling nozzle can finish the work of dust suppression, dust removal and dust fall on the premise of low water consumption, and can avoid the situation that the on-site coal body accumulates excessive water, thereby avoiding the influence on the coal quality and the heat productivity and the inconvenience brought to the production activities of on-site operators.
As a preferred technical scheme, the spraying module also comprises a semicircular steel pipe with the wall thickness of 5mm, a rifling nozzle is embedded in the semicircular steel pipe, the semicircular steel pipe is welded on a side plate of a machine body of the coal mining machine and forms a whole with the coal mining machine, the semicircular structure is not easy to accumulate coal and can play a good anti-smashing role, and the arrangement ensures that the spraying module is more reasonable in design, anti-smashing, durable and convenient to maintain; the cantilever spraying rod comprises a mounting seat, a transverse supporting rod, a vertical supporting rod, a spraying rod, a damping spring, a tension rope and a gas-water nozzle, wherein the mounting seat is fixed at the front end of the machine body of the coal mining machine through a bolt; the vertical support rod is fixed on the transverse support rod, one end of the tension rope is connected to the top end of the vertical support rod, and the other end of the tension rope is connected to the outer end of the spray rod; the flexible connection is formed between the spray rod and the coal mining machine due to the additional arrangement of the damping spring, the damping spring has a buffering effect on the spray rod, and the elasticity of the damping spring ensures that the spray rod has smashing prevention capacity; the pull rope ensures that the spray rod keeps horizontal and the height of the spray rod is lower than the coal baffle plate.
As a preferred technical scheme, the method also comprises a PC central controller, a water distributor, a gas-water distributor, a spray pump, a gas storage tank and a dust sensor; the PC central controller respectively controls the water distributor and the gas distributor, one path of the spray pump passes through the water distributor and directly distributes water to the spray module for horizontal spraying, the other path of the spray pump passes through the pressure reducing valve and distributes the water to the gas-water distributor, meanwhile, compressed air reaches the gas-water distributor through the air storage tank and reaches the cantilever spray rod to spray micro mist after gas and water are proportioned; the dust sensor is connected with the PC central controller, when the concentration of the caving coal dust reaches the set value of the dust sensor, the cantilever spray rod starts to spray micro mist to participate in micro mist dust removal, and the caving coal dust is prevented from diffusing to a sidewalk along the wall of the coal baffle plate. The prevention system is further improved through the arrangement, and the intelligent mechanization degree is higher.
As the preferred technical scheme, the height of the water mist sprayed by the spraying module is lower than that of the coal baffle plate, so that the clothes of field operation workers can be prevented from being wetted, and the field operation workers have better working experience; the effective range of the sprayed water mist is larger than 12m so as to ensure the coverage of the collapsed coal dust area; the atomization granularity of the sprayed water mist is less than 60 microns, so that the capture efficiency of the inhalable coal dust below 10 microns is not lower than 85%; the thickness of the sprayed water mist is more than 30cm, so that the caving coal dust can not penetrate through the water mist to form diffusion migration; the fog flow speed of the sprayed water fog in the collapse area is not lower than 3m/s, so that efficient collision, interception and sedimentation of water fog particles and collapse coal dust particles are guaranteed.
As the preferred technical scheme, the height of the water mist sprayed by the cantilever spray rod is lower than that of the coal baffle plate, so that the clothes of a driver of the coal mining machine are prevented from being wetted, and the better working experience is achieved; the effective range of the sprayed water mist is less than 2.5m, so that the water mist can be sprayed to coal to form mist flow splashing; the atomization granularity of the sprayed water mist is less than 35 mu m, and the thickness of the sprayed water mist is more than 20 cm; so as to ensure that the trapping efficiency of inhalable coal dust below 10 mu m is further improved; the fog flow speed of the sprayed water fog in the collapse area is not lower than 4m/s, so that certain wind interference resistance is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
the method is based on the basic idea of solving the coal dust problem from a dust source, and according to the aerodynamic principle, the spraying water mist covers the caving dust source to form free turbulence and turbulence in heterogeneous fluid, so that the caving coal dust can not form diffusion migration basically, and is effectively collided, intercepted and settled in a budding state, thereby improving the efficiency of capturing the caving coal dust, particularly improving the capability of capturing inhalable coal dust below 10 mu m, and realizing the dust-settling efficiency of more than 85 percent. Compared with the existing spray dust-settling technology, the method overcomes the defect that clothes of drivers of coal mining machines and operators in downwind flow are wetted in the actual work; smashing a spraying system; the effective range is short; the problem of large water consumption and the like, and particularly the problem of low dust settling efficiency of inhalable coal dust below 10 mu m is solved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the implementation of the process of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a control schematic of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the rifling nozzle in the process according to the invention.
3 fig. 3 4 3 is 3 a 3 sectional 3 view 3 a 3- 3 a 3 in 3 fig. 3 3 3. 3
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a cantilever spray bar according to the method of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a coal mining machine 1, a spray module 2, a cantilever spray rod 3, a central controller 4-PC (personal computer), a spray pump 5, a water distributor 6, a gas storage tank 7, a gas-water distributor 8, a dust sensor 9, a nozzle body 10, a liquid through hole 11, a circular pipe body 12, a rifling edge 13, a coal wall 14, a mounting seat 15, a transverse support rod 16, a vertical support rod 17, a spray rod 18, a damping spring 19, a tension rope 20 and a pressure reducing valve 21.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a more complete and complete description of the present invention is provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, a method for preventing coal dust from caving in large mining height is based on a coal mining machine 1, a spraying module 2 and a cantilever spraying rod 3 are arranged on the coal mining machine, and a PC central controller 4, a water distributor 6, a pressure reducing valve 21, a gas-water distributor 8, a spraying pump 5, a gas storage tank 7 and a dust sensor 9 are arranged on the coal mining machine; wherein, spraying module 2 connects water distributor 6, and water distributor 6 connects spray pump 5, and cantilever spray rod 3 connects gas water distributor 8, and gas water distributor 8 is connected gas holder 7 all the way, another way and is passed through relief pressure valve 21 and connect water distributor 6, and water distributor 6, gas water distributor 8, dust sensor 9 all are connected with PC central controller 4, and the control mode is: the PC central controller 4 respectively controls the water distributor 6 and the gas-water distributor 8, one path of the spray pump 5 through the water distributor 6 directly distributes water to the spray module 2 for horizontal spray, the other path distributes water to the gas-water distributor 8 through the pressure reducing valve 21, meanwhile, compressed air reaches the gas-water distributor 8 through the air storage tank 7, and reaches the cantilever spray rod 3 to spray micro mist after the gas-water mixture ratio; the dust sensor 9 is connected with the PC central controller 4, when the concentration of the coal dust falling reaches the set value of the dust sensor 9, the cantilever spray rod 3 starts to spray micro mist to participate in the micro mist dust removal.
The spray module 2 is arranged at the lower end of the left side plate and the right side plate of the machine body of the coal mining machine 1, and the installation position of the spray module 2 is based on the condition that the height of the sprayed water mist is lower than that of the coal baffle plate; the spraying direction of the spraying module 2 is horizontal flat jet, the effective range of the spraying module 2 passes through the caving coal dust to reach the foremost end of the caving area, and the specific parameters are as follows: the effective range of the sprayed water mist is larger than 12m, the atomization granularity of the sprayed water mist is smaller than 60 mu m, the thickness of the sprayed water mist is larger than 30cm, and the mist flow speed of the sprayed water mist in the collapsed area is not lower than 3 m/s; the spraying module 2 comprises a plurality of rifling nozzles, each rifling nozzle comprises a nozzle body 10, a six-line equidistant rifling structure is installed in a liquid through hole 11 of the nozzle body 10 and comprises a round pipe body 12 clamped in the liquid through hole 11, the length of the round pipe body 12 is smaller than that of the liquid through hole 11, six rifling ridges 13 are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the round pipe body 12 along the axial direction of the round pipe body, gaps are reserved among the free ends of the six rifling ridges 13, and the six rifling ridges 13 form the six-line equidistant rifling; the spraying module 2 further comprises a semicircular steel pipe with the wall thickness of 5mm, the rifling nozzles are embedded in the semicircular steel pipe, and the semicircular steel pipe is welded on a side plate of a machine body of the coal mining machine 1 and forms a whole with the coal mining machine 1.
The invention is implemented on site in coal mine, has obvious dust fall effect, basically solves the problem of coal dust pollution caused by large mining height caving, and has the following field test results: the full dust falling efficiency of the coal dust collapse reaches more than 96 percent, and the inhalable coal dust with the particle size of less than 10 mu m reaches more than 85 percent.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described above, and the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preventing and treating large mining height caving coal dust is characterized in that: the lower ends of the left side plate and the right side plate of the coal mining machine body are respectively provided with a spraying module, the spraying direction of the spraying module is horizontal flat jet, and the effective range of the spraying module penetrates through the caving coal dust to reach the foremost end of a caving area; cantilever spray rods are respectively arranged on two sides of the front end of the coal mining machine body, and the spraying direction of the cantilever spray rods is towards the coal wall.
2. The method for preventing and treating large mining height caving coal dust according to claim 1, characterized in that: the spraying module comprises a plurality of rifling nozzles, and six lines of equidistant rifling are arranged in the rifling nozzles.
3. The method for preventing and treating large mining height caving coal dust according to claim 2, characterized in that: the spraying module also comprises a semicircular steel pipe with the wall thickness of 5mm, the rifling nozzles are embedded in the semicircular steel pipe, and the semicircular steel pipe is welded on a side plate of a machine body of the coal mining machine and forms a whole with the coal mining machine; the cantilever spraying rod comprises a mounting seat, a transverse supporting rod, a vertical supporting rod, a spraying rod, a damping spring, a tension rope and a gas-water nozzle, wherein the mounting seat is fixed at the front end of the machine body of the coal mining machine through a bolt; vertical support bar fixes on horizontal bracing piece, and the top tip at vertical support bar is connected to the one end of pulling force rope, and the other end of pulling force rope is connected at the outer end tip of spraying rod.
4. The method for preventing and treating large mining height caving coal dust according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the device also comprises a PC central controller, a water distributor, a gas-water distributor, a spray pump, a gas storage tank and a dust sensor; the PC central controller respectively controls the water distributor and the gas distributor, one path of the spray pump passes through the water distributor and directly distributes water to the spray module for horizontal spraying, the other path of the spray pump passes through the pressure reducing valve and distributes the water to the gas-water distributor, meanwhile, compressed air reaches the gas-water distributor through the air storage tank and reaches the cantilever spray rod to spray micro mist after gas and water are proportioned; the dust sensor is connected with the PC central controller, and when the concentration of the coal dust falling reaches the set value of the dust sensor, the cantilever spray rod starts to spray micro mist to participate in micro mist dust removal.
5. The method for preventing and treating large mining height caving coal dust according to claim 4, characterized in that: the height of the water mist sprayed by the spraying module is lower than that of the coal baffle plate, the effective range of the sprayed water mist is larger than 12m, the atomization granularity of the sprayed water mist is smaller than 60 mu m, the thickness of the sprayed water mist is larger than 30cm, and the fog flow speed of the sprayed water mist in the collapsed area is not lower than 3 m/s.
6. The method for preventing and treating large mining height caving coal dust according to claim 4, characterized in that: the height of the water mist sprayed by the cantilever spray rod is lower than that of the coal baffle plate, the effective range of the sprayed water mist is less than 2.5m, the atomization granularity of the sprayed water mist is less than 35 mu m, the thickness of the sprayed water mist is more than 20cm, and the fog flow speed of the sprayed water mist in a collapse area is not lower than 4 m/s.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010064358.6A CN111173509A (en) | 2020-01-20 | 2020-01-20 | Method for preventing and treating coal dust from caving in large mining height |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010064358.6A CN111173509A (en) | 2020-01-20 | 2020-01-20 | Method for preventing and treating coal dust from caving in large mining height |
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| CN111173509A true CN111173509A (en) | 2020-05-19 |
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| CN202010064358.6A Pending CN111173509A (en) | 2020-01-20 | 2020-01-20 | Method for preventing and treating coal dust from caving in large mining height |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2277821Y (en) * | 1995-03-13 | 1998-04-08 | 赵国璋 | Nozzle with spiral rifling |
| CN203515593U (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-04-02 | 苏州华安矿业科技有限公司 | Negative-pressure atomization secondary dust-settling device for coal mining machines |
| CN105626134A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-06-01 | 山东科技大学 | Local area closed dust prevention and control method for fully mechanized coal mining working faces |
| CN206233926U (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-06-09 | 刘林 | Coal machine sprayer unit |
| CN107149836A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-09-12 | 泰富重工制造有限公司 | A kind of intelligent control spray dust remover and dust removal method |
-
2020
- 2020-01-20 CN CN202010064358.6A patent/CN111173509A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2277821Y (en) * | 1995-03-13 | 1998-04-08 | 赵国璋 | Nozzle with spiral rifling |
| CN203515593U (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-04-02 | 苏州华安矿业科技有限公司 | Negative-pressure atomization secondary dust-settling device for coal mining machines |
| CN105626134A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-06-01 | 山东科技大学 | Local area closed dust prevention and control method for fully mechanized coal mining working faces |
| CN206233926U (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-06-09 | 刘林 | Coal machine sprayer unit |
| CN107149836A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-09-12 | 泰富重工制造有限公司 | A kind of intelligent control spray dust remover and dust removal method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 刘三保等: "浅谈机械化采煤工作面防尘技术措施的改进", 《煤矿安全》 * |
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