CN111172468B - Preparation method of microalloyed medium carbon steel casting - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0056—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 using cored wires
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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Abstract
A preparation method of a microalloying medium carbon steel casting belongs to the technical field of steel material processing. The method is characterized in that microalloying medium carbon cast steel molten steel smelted by an electric arc furnace or an induction furnace is subjected to final deoxidation of an aluminum core-spun yarn, inclusion spheroidization modification of a silicon-calcium-rare earth core-spun yarn, and homogenization treatment and quenching and tempering treatment of a cast steel piece after casting. The microalloyed medium carbon steel casting prepared by the treatment has the advantages of fine and uniform microstructure, small size of inclusions, spherical shape as a main part and dispersion distribution. The structural characteristics ensure that the steel casting not only has good obdurability, but also has higher hardness and wear resistance. Therefore, the wire feeding treatment is beneficial to further improving the performance of the medium carbon cast steel in microalloying, and the reduction of the toughness of the medium carbon cast steel after the microalloying elements are added is reduced. The steel casting can be used for structural parts with higher requirements on strength, toughness and wear resistance. The popularization and the application have good social and economic benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a microalloyed medium carbon steel casting, belonging to the technical field of steel material processing.
Background
Microalloyed steel castings are mainly prepared by designing appropriate alloy components (adding one or more microalloyed elements such as Nb, Ti, V and the like), controlling the solidification process and carrying out heat treatment.
The carbon content of the microalloyed low-carbon cast steel is generally not higher than 0.20 percent, and the carbon content is low, so that a toughness mechanism of microalloyed element refined grain and precipitation strengthening can be fully utilized, the cast steel can improve the strength and the toughness of a casting and simultaneously ensure good welding and casting performance, and the microalloyed low-carbon cast steel is widely used for replacing common cast steel in the industries of mining, machinery, traffic, building materials, electric power, national defense and the like at present, so the low-carbon cast steel shows good development prospect of microalloying of the cast steel (Yin Sheng, Su Hua, Mei Jian, and the like, research on microalloying of medium-carbon cast steel [ J ]. university of southeast university, 1997, 27 (5): 138 and 142).
However, in the case of microalloyed carbon cast steel, the strengthening effect of microalloyed elements is obvious, but the adverse effect of precipitation strengthening on the toughness of the cast steel is more obvious due to the increase of the carbon content, namely, the toughness is reduced.
Therefore, in the case of microalloying carbon cast steel, the quality of the cast steel does not meet the intended purpose, i.e., the toughness decreases with the increase of microalloying elements. One of the reasons for this is that the influence of the form and distribution of non-metallic inclusions in the cast steel on the quality of cast steel is not sufficiently important, metallurgical control is not performed, and the adverse effect of the precipitation of microalloying elements on the toughness is added, so that the adverse effect of "1 +1 > 2" is produced, i.e. the adverse effect of the precipitation of microalloying elements on the toughness is further amplified by the uncontrolled inclusions.
Therefore, in order to exert the function of the microalloying elements, the invention adopts the wire feeding technology to carry out modification treatment on the inclusions in the molten steel and combines the heat treatment technology to improve the performance of the microalloying steel castings.
Disclosure of Invention
A process for preparing the microalloyed medium-carbon steel casting includes such steps as final deoxidizing by feeding Al core to ladle, spheroidizing the inclusions by feeding Si-Ca-RE core, blowing argon, homogenizing heat treatment and quenching and tempering heat treatment.
The invention is realized by the following technical measures:
a preparation method of a microalloyed medium carbon steel casting is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
(1) a method for preparing a microalloying medium carbon steel casting is characterized in that molten steel smelted by an electric arc furnace or an induction furnace is discharged to a ladle, and the ladle is subjected to wire feeding and argon blowing treatment.
When molten steel is smelted by an electric arc furnace or an induction furnace, the chemical components and the mass percentage thereof are as follows: c: 0.26-0.35%; si: 0.60-0.90%; mn: 1.10-2.00%; p is less than or equal to 0.025 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.025 percent; or Nb: 0.03 to 0.08; or V: 0.05-0.12%; or Ti: 0.02-0.1%; and when the rest content is Fe and the temperature of the molten steel is not lower than 1610-1620 ℃, discharging the molten steel to a ladle.
Further, the ladle wire feeding mainly refers to final deoxidation of the aluminum-fed core wire and inclusion modification treatment of the silicon-calcium-rare earth-fed core wire. And when the temperature of the molten steel of the steel ladle is 1600-1610 ℃, carrying out final deoxidation of the aluminum-fed core wire. The diameter of the aluminum core-spun yarn is 7-9 mm, the feeding amount of the aluminum core-spun yarn is 0.3-0.5 kg/t, and the speed of feeding the aluminum core-spun yarn is 0.5-1.0 m/s. When the residual aluminum content of the steel ladle molten steel is 0.03-0.06%, performing inclusion spheroidization modification treatment on the silicon-calcium-rare earth core-spun yarn, wherein the diameter of the core-spun yarn is 7-9 mm, the feeding amount of the core-spun yarn is 1.8-2.0 kg/t, and the linear speed of the core-spun yarn is 1.9-2.1 m/s. The silicon-calcium-rare earth core-spun yarn comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 5.0-10%; ca: 40-50%; RE: 10-15%; the balance being Fe.
Further, the argon blowing of the ladle mainly means that argon blowing is carried out while wire feeding is carried out, and the stirring intensity of the argon blowing is matched with the wire feeding speed, namely the argon blowing pressure is reduced along with the increase of the wire feeding speed, and the condition that the slag surface of molten steel is not exposed is better; blowing argon at the pressure of 0.10-0.15 MPa during feeding, adjusting to 0.20-0.25 MPa after feeding, and blowing for 1-2 min;
further, when the molten steel in the ladle is kept stand and the temperature of the molten steel is 1550-1580 ℃, pouring the molten steel into a casting mold, and after pouring for 1.0-4.0 hours, opening the box and air cooling the steel casting.
Further, homogenizing the cast steel piece after pouring, wherein the homogenizing temperature is 960-1200 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30-60 min/mm, and air cooling is carried out to the room temperature. Wherein, when the molten steel only contains microalloying element niobium and no matter whether vanadium or titanium microalloying element is contained, the homogenization treatment temperature is 1100-1200 ℃; when the molten steel contains microalloying elements of vanadium or titanium or vanadium and titanium and does not contain niobium, the homogenization treatment temperature is 960-1100 ℃.
Further, quenching and tempering, namely quenching and high-temperature tempering, are carried out on the homogenized steel casting; the quenching treatment comprises the following steps: the temperature is 850-880 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15-20 min/mm, and brine containing 5-10% of NaCl is used for cooling to the room temperature after the furnace is taken out; the high-temperature tempering treatment comprises the following steps: the temperature is 510-660 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10-15 min/mm, and the product is cooled to room temperature by using brine containing 2-5% NaCl after being taken out of the furnace.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the microalloyed medium carbon steel casting prepared by the method has the advantages of uniform and fine microstructure, remarkably reduced inclusion content, no large-particle inclusion, spherical shape as a main part and dispersion distribution. The cast steel has high strength, toughness and hardness, and good wear resistance, and is suitable for preparing wear-resistant structural parts with requirements on strength and toughness.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail.
The invention provides a preparation method of a microalloyed medium carbon steel casting, which is mainly carried out according to the following steps:
(1) the molten steel smelted by an electric arc furnace or an induction furnace comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: : c: 0.26-0.35%; si: 0.60-0.90%; mn: 1.10-2.00%; p is less than or equal to 0.025 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.025 percent; or Nb: 0.03 to 0.08; or V: 0.05-0.12%; or Ti: 0.02-0.1%; discharging the molten steel with the residual content of Fe and the temperature not lower than 1610-1620 ℃ from the furnace to a ladle; and when the molten steel is completely poured into the steel ladle, feeding an aluminum core-spun yarn with the diameter of 7-9 mm into the steel ladle for final deoxidation of the molten steel, wherein the speed of the aluminum core-spun yarn is 0.5-1 m/s, and the feeding amount is 0.3-0.5 kg/t. When the residual aluminum content of the steel ladle molten steel is 0.03-0.06%, performing inclusion modification treatment on the silicon-calcium-rare earth cored wire, wherein the diameter of the cored wire is 7-9 mm, the feeding amount of the cored wire is 1.8-2.0 kg/t, and the linear speed of the cored wire is 1.9-2.1 m/s. The silicon-calcium-rare earth core-spun yarn comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 5-10%; ca: 40-50%; RE: 10-15%; the balance being Fe. Blowing argon with the pressure of 0.10-0.15 MPa into the steel ladle at the end of wire feeding, and blowing argon for 1-2 min into the steel ladle after the wire feeding is finished, wherein the pressure is adjusted to be 0.20-0.25 MPa; and the molten steel is ensured not to expose the slag surface in the whole wire feeding process. And (3) standing the steel ladle molten steel, pouring the steel ladle molten steel into the casting mold at the temperature of 1550-1580 ℃, and opening the box to perform air cooling on the steel casting after pouring for 1.0-4.0 hours.
(2) Homogenizing the cast steel after pouring, wherein the homogenizing temperature is 960-1200 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30-60 min/mm, and the cast steel is air-cooled to room temperature. Wherein: when the molten steel only contains microalloying element niobium and no matter whether vanadium or titanium microalloying element is contained, the homogenization treatment temperature is 1100-1200 ℃; when the molten steel contains microalloying elements of vanadium or titanium or vanadium and titanium and does not contain niobium, the homogenization treatment temperature is 960-1100 ℃.
(3) Quenching and tempering, namely quenching and high-temperature tempering, are carried out on the homogenized steel casting; the quenching treatment comprises the following steps: the temperature is 850-880 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15-20 min/mm, and the product is cooled to room temperature by using brine containing 5-10% NaCl after being taken out of the furnace. The high-temperature tempering treatment comprises the following steps: the temperature is 510-660 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10-15 min/mm, and the product is cooled to room temperature by using brine containing 2-5% NaCl after being taken out of the furnace.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the following examples. The examples are intended to illustrate the invention only and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example 1
This example prepares a microalloyed medium carbon steel cast according to the following steps:
(1) the smelting molten steel of the electric arc furnace comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.31 percent; si: 0.82%; mn: 1.32 percent; p: 0.015 percent; s: 0.011 percent; nb: 0.06 percent; discharging the molten steel with the residual content of Fe and the temperature of 1620 ℃ to a ladle; when the molten steel is completely poured into the steel ladle and the temperature is 1608 ℃, immediately feeding the aluminum core-spun yarn with the diameter of 8.0mm into the steel ladle for final deoxidation of the molten steel, wherein the speed of the aluminum core-spun yarn is 0.8m/s, and the feeding amount is 0.4 kg/t. When the residual aluminum content of the steel ladle molten steel is 0.038%, performing inclusion spheroidization modification treatment on the silicon-calcium-rare earth core-spun yarn, wherein the diameter of the core-spun yarn is 8.0mm, the feeding amount of the core-spun yarn is 1.9kg/t, and the yarn feeding speed is 2.0 m/s. Blowing argon with the pressure of 0.13MPa into the steel ladle at the end of wire feeding, and blowing argon for 1min into the steel ladle after the wire feeding is finished, wherein the pressure is adjusted to be 0.23 MPa; and the molten steel is ensured not to expose the slag surface in the whole wire feeding process. The steel ladle molten steel is poured into the casting mould when standing still and the temperature is 1570 ℃, and the steel casting piece is cooled by opening the box after 3.5 hours of pouring;
(2) carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the cast steel at 1180 ℃ for 40min/mm, and cooling in air to room temperature;
(3) quenching the homogenized steel casting at 860 ℃ for 16min/mm, and cooling to room temperature by using brine containing 5% NaCl after discharging; and carrying out tempering heat treatment at the temperature of 620 ℃ and the heat preservation time of 12min/mm, and cooling the product to room temperature by using brine containing 3% NaCl after the product is taken out of the furnace.
The steel casting prepared by the method is sampled and analyzed, and the result shows that the observation result of the metallographic structure shows that the microstructure is uniform, the size of the inclusion is small, the shape is mainly spherical, and the inclusion is dispersed and distributed; the results of mechanical property and hardness test show that the tensile strength is 1160MPa, and the impact toughness reaches 46J/cm2Hardness 346HB, thus showing that the cast steel has higher obdurability and good wear resistance.
Example 2
This example prepares a microalloyed medium carbon steel cast according to the following steps:
(1) the molten steel smelted by the induction furnace comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.29 percent; si: 0.79 percent; mn: 1.5 percent; p: 0.011 percent; s: 0.012%; v: 0.10 percent; ti: 0.025 percent; discharging the molten steel with the residual content of Fe and the temperature of 1612 ℃ to a ladle; when the molten steel is completely poured into a steel ladle and the temperature is 1602 ℃, an aluminum core-spun yarn with the diameter of 8mm is immediately fed into the steel ladle for final deoxidation of the molten steel, the speed of the aluminum core-spun yarn is 0.9m/s, and the feeding amount is 0.3 kg/t. When the residual aluminum content of the steel ladle molten steel is 0.025 percent, the inclusion modification treatment of the silicon-calcium-rare earth core-spun yarn is carried out, the diameter of the core-spun yarn is 6mm, the feeding amount of the core-spun yarn is 1.8kg/t, and the speed of the aluminum wire is 2.1 m/s. Blowing argon with the pressure of 0.11MPa into the steel ladle at the end of wire feeding, and blowing argon for 1.5min into the steel ladle after the wire feeding is finished, wherein the pressure is adjusted to be 0.20 MPa; and the molten steel is ensured not to expose the slag surface in the whole wire feeding process. The steel ladle molten steel is poured into the casting mold when standing still and the temperature is 1560 ℃, and the steel casting piece is cooled in an open box after 4.0 hours of pouring;
(2) carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the cast steel piece after pouring at 1050 ℃ for 35min/mm, and cooling in air to room temperature;
(3) quenching the homogenized steel casting at 860 ℃ for 18min/mm, and cooling to room temperature by using brine containing 5% NaCl after discharging; and tempering heat treatment at 650 ℃ for 12min/mm, and cooling to room temperature with 3% NaCl-containing brine after discharging.
The steel casting prepared by the method is sampled and analyzed, and the result shows that the observation result of the metallographic structure shows that the microstructure is uniform, the size of the inclusion is small, the shape is mainly spherical, and the inclusion is dispersed and distributed; the mechanical property and the hardness test result show that the tensile strength is 1066MPa, and the impact toughness reaches 52J/cm2Hardness 323HB, thereby indicating that the cast steel tool isHas higher obdurability and good abrasion resistance.
The embodiment shows that the preparation method of the microalloying medium carbon steel casting provided by the invention can effectively improve the form of the inclusion in the cast steel, and further effectively play the role of the microalloying element, namely the microalloying steel casting has high toughness and hardness and good wear resistance. The popularization and the application have good social benefit and economic benefit, and are good substitutes for common carbon steel castings with higher requirements on wear resistance.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of a microalloying medium carbon steel casting is characterized in that molten steel smelted by an electric arc furnace or an induction furnace is discharged to a ladle, and the ladle wire feeding and argon blowing treatment are carried out; wherein:
(1) when molten steel is smelted by an electric arc furnace or an induction furnace, the chemical components and the mass percentage thereof are as follows: c: 0.26-0.35%; si: 0.60-0.90%; mn: 1.10-2.00%; p: less than or equal to 0.025 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.025 percent; further contains Nb: 0.03 to 0.08; or V: 0.05-0.12%; or Ti: 0.02-0.1% of one or more of the following components; when the balance is Fe and the temperature of the molten steel is not lower than 1610-1620 ℃, discharging the molten steel to a ladle;
(2) the steel ladle is fed with wires, the aluminum core-spun wires are fed with final deoxidation, and the silicon-calcium-rare earth core-spun wires are fed with inclusion spheroidization modification treatment; wherein:
and when the temperature of the molten steel of the steel ladle is 1600-1610 ℃, performing final deoxidation of the aluminum-fed core wire: the diameter of the aluminum core-spun yarn is 7-9 mm, the feeding amount of the aluminum core-spun yarn is 0.3-0.5 kg/t, and the speed of feeding the aluminum core-spun yarn is 0.5-1 m/s;
when the residual aluminum content of the steel ladle molten steel is 0.03-0.06%, performing inclusion spheroidization modification treatment on the silicon-calcium-rare earth core-spun yarn, wherein the diameter of the core-spun yarn is 7-9 mm, the feeding amount of the core-spun yarn is 1.8-2.0 kg/t, and the linear speed of the core-spun yarn is 1.9-2.1 m/s; the silicon-calcium-rare earth core-spun yarn comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 5-10%; ca: 40-50%; RE: 10-15%; the balance of Fe;
(3) the argon blowing of the ladle refers to blowing argon while feeding wires, and the stirring intensity of the argon blowing is matched with the wire feeding speed, namely the argon blowing pressure is reduced along with the increase of the wire feeding speed, and the condition that the molten steel does not expose the slag surface is suitable; blowing argon at the pressure of 0.10-0.15 MPa during feeding, adjusting to 0.20-0.25 MPa after feeding, and blowing for 1-2 min;
(4) and (3) when the molten steel in the ladle is stood and the temperature of the molten steel is 1550-1580 ℃, pouring the molten steel into the casting mold, and opening the mold for air cooling to cast a steel piece after 1.0-4.0 hours.
2. A method for producing a microalloyed carbon cast steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: homogenizing the steel casting, wherein the homogenizing temperature is 960-1200 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30-60 min/mm, and air cooling is carried out to the room temperature; wherein:
(1) when the molten steel components only contain microalloying element niobium, and whether vanadium or titanium microalloying element is contained, the homogenization treatment temperature is more than 1100 ℃ and less than 1200 ℃;
(2) when the molten steel contains microalloying elements of vanadium or titanium or vanadium and titanium and does not contain niobium, the homogenization treatment temperature is more than 960 ℃ and less than 1100 ℃.
3. A method for producing a microalloyed carbon cast steel as claimed in claim 2, wherein: quenching and tempering, namely quenching and high-temperature tempering, are carried out on the homogenized steel casting; the quenching treatment comprises the following steps: the temperature is 850-880 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15-20 min/mm, and brine containing 5-10% of NaCl is used for cooling to the room temperature after the furnace is taken out; the high-temperature tempering treatment comprises the following steps: the temperature is 510-660 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10-15 min/mm, and the product is cooled to room temperature by using brine containing 2-5% NaCl after being taken out of the furnace.
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