CN111172342A - Method for preparing water, oxygen and metal elementary substance in situ in moon - Google Patents
Method for preparing water, oxygen and metal elementary substance in situ in moon Download PDFInfo
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- CN111172342A CN111172342A CN202010053261.5A CN202010053261A CN111172342A CN 111172342 A CN111172342 A CN 111172342A CN 202010053261 A CN202010053261 A CN 202010053261A CN 111172342 A CN111172342 A CN 111172342A
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- titanium
- water
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- oxygen
- basalt
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- UGACIEPFGXRWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ti] Chemical compound [Si].[Ti] UGACIEPFGXRWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 17
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Li2O Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910008484 TiSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Ca] ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005451 FeTiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXGWMCJZLNWEBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium citrate tetrahydrate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].O.O.O.O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HXGWMCJZLNWEBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052611 pyroxene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
- B03C1/30—Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/02—Silicon
- C01B33/021—Preparation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/33—Silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/02—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of alkali or alkaline earth metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/26—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum or vanadium
- C25C3/28—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum or vanadium of titanium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/20—Magnetic separation of bulk or dry particles in mixtures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing water, oxygen and a metal simple substance in situ in the moon, belonging to the field of lunar exploration. The invention is in the moonHeating lunar sea basalt to obtain H2(ii) a Magnetically separating lunar sea basalt to obtain ferrotitanium concentrate, wherein FeTiO in the ferrotitanium concentrate3The mass content of (A) is 85-95%; using said H2Reducing the ferrotitanium concentrate to obtain iron, titanium dioxide slag and water; electrolyzing the water to obtain H2And O2(ii) a Carrying out lithium thermal reduction on the titanium dioxide slag to obtain titanium-silicon alloy and a titanium simple substance; and carrying out electrolytic refining on the titanium-silicon alloy to obtain a simple substance of titanium. The invention utilizes ilmenite in lunar sea basalt to prepare water, oxygen and metal iron, titanium and silicon, so that the lunar in-situ preparation of water, oxygen and metal can be economical and feasible.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lunar exploration engineering, in particular to a method for preparing water, oxygen and metal simple substances in situ in the moon.
Background
China already enters the early stage of manned lunar landing and lunar base establishment. A lunar base is built, metal structural materials are needed, base personnel need to breathe oxygen, and manned spacecrafts need to be supplied with fuel. Therefore, the in situ preparation of water, oxygen and metals in the moon is very important.
The lunar potential resources are four, one is lunar high-low silicate minerals which are rich in aluminum, magnesium, rare earth, uranium, thorium and the like, the content of oxygen in the minerals is high, but the temperature for destroying the structure between silicates is required to be as high as 1500-2500 ℃, the reduction temperature is high after pyrolysis, the minerals are rich in radioactive elements, and the difficulty in-situ oxygen generation is high; secondly, lunar sea minerals, mainly ilmenite, olivine, pyroxene and other minerals, in particular lunar sea basalt, are huge storage banks of ilmenite. The so-called "moon sea" is the plain or basin of the lunar surface, an area covered by a dark substance called basalt. The basalt in these areas is called lunar basalt. According to the current detection and analysis results, 22 moons on the moon are filled with basalt. The total volume of basalt distributed over these moon sea plains or basins is calculated to be about 100 million cubic kilometers, and moon sea basalt contains abundant ilmenite, which is not only a raw material for producing metallic iron and titanium, but also a main raw material for producing water and rocket fuel-liquid oxygen. Third, the solar weathered substance of lunar soil surface stratum contains H, C and N. And fourthly, water ice in lunar soil in a permanent shadow area of the lunar polar region.
The prior art introduces a technology for preparing water, oxygen and metal in situ by moon, but most of the technologies have poor operability, high economic cost and no operability.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for preparing water, oxygen and metal in situ in the moon. The invention utilizes the technology of preparing water, oxygen, metallic iron, titanium and silicon from ilmenite in lunar sea basalt, so that the preparation of water, oxygen and metal in situ by the moon can be economical and feasible.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for preparing water, oxygen and elementary metal in situ in the moon, wherein the elementary metal comprises iron and titanium, and the method comprises the following steps:
heating lunar sea basalt in the moon to obtain H2；
Magnetically separating lunar sea basalt to obtain ferrotitanium concentrate, wherein FeTiO in the ferrotitanium concentrate3The mass content of (A) is 85-95%;
using said H2Reducing the ferrotitanium concentrate to obtain iron, titanium dioxide slag and water;
electrolyzing the water to obtain H2And O2；
Carrying out lithium thermal reduction on the titanium dioxide slag to obtain titanium-silicon alloy and a titanium simple substance;
and carrying out electrolytic refining on the titanium-silicon alloy to obtain elemental silicon and elemental titanium.
Preferably, the heating temperature is 500-600 ℃.
Preferably, the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic separation is 15000-20000 GS.
Preferably, the temperature of the reduction is 930-950 ℃, and the time is 2-3 h.
Preferably, the temperature of the electrolysis is 60-70 ℃.
Preferably, the lithium thermal reduction is to add titanium dioxide slag into Li solution at 190-200 ℃.
Preferably, after the lithium thermal reduction, the lithium thermal reduction product is washed and separated by water to obtain a LiOH solution, and the LiOH solution is concentrated and crystallized to obtain LiOH crystals.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of melting and electrolyzing the LiOH crystal to obtain water, oxygen and elementary lithium.
Preferably, the temperature of the melt electrolysis is 500 ℃, the metallic titanium is used as an anode, the liquid lithium is used as a cathode, the cell voltage is 4-5V, and the current is 1000A.
Preferably, the magnetic separation is carried out in an ilmenite magnetic separator, and the feedstock granularity of the lunar sea basalt when subjected to the magnetic separation is not more than 5 mm.
The invention provides a method for preparing water, oxygen and elementary metal in situ in the moon, wherein the elementary metal comprises iron and titanium, and the method comprises the following steps: heating lunar sea basalt in the moon to obtain H2(ii) a Magnetically separating lunar sea basalt to obtain ferrotitanium concentrate, wherein FeTiO in the ferrotitanium concentrate3The mass content of (A) is 85-95%; using said H2Reducing the ferrotitanium concentrate to obtain iron, titanium dioxide slag and water; electrolyzing the water to obtain H2And O2(ii) a Carrying out lithium thermal reduction on the titanium dioxide slag to obtain titanium-silicon alloy and a titanium simple substance; and refining the titanium-silicon alloy to obtain simple substance silicon and a titanium simple substance. The invention utilizes ilmenite in lunar sea basalt to prepare water, oxygen and metal iron, titanium and silicon, so that the lunar in-situ preparation of water, oxygen and metal can be economical and feasible.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for preparing water, oxygen and metal in situ in the moon in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for preparing water, oxygen and elementary metal in situ in the moon, wherein the elementary metal comprises iron and titanium, and the method comprises the following steps:
heating lunar sea basalt in the moon to obtain H2；
Magnetically separating lunar sea basalt to obtain ferrotitanium concentrate, wherein FeTiO in the ferrotitanium concentrate3The mass content of (A) is 85-95%;
using said H2Reducing the ferrotitanium concentrate to obtain iron, titanium dioxide slag and water;
electrolyzing the water to obtain H2And O2；
Carrying out lithium thermal reduction on the titanium dioxide slag to obtain titanium-silicon alloy and a titanium simple substance;
and refining the titanium-silicon alloy to obtain a titanium simple substance.
The present invention preferably delivers the following systems to the lunar surface: excavator/conveyer, magnet separator, airtight high temperature carbon hydrogen nitrogen separator, hydrogen fluidized bed reduction equipment, water electrolysis equipment, liquid oxygen storage tank and lunar surface freezer.
In the moon, the lunar sea basalt is heated to obtain H2。
In the present invention, the heating temperature is preferably 500 to 600 ℃. In the invention, when the heating temperature is preferably 650-750 ℃, N is obtained2And when the heating temperature is preferably 800-1000 ℃, C is obtained and can be used for reducing the ilmenite concentrate. In the present invention, the heating is preferably performed in a closed high-temperature hydrocarbon-nitrogen separation apparatus. In the present invention, said N2Preferably for diluting O2For people to use. In the invention, the particle size of the lunar moon sea basalt is preferably less than 1mm, and more preferably 1-30 μm.
The method comprises the step of carrying out magnetic separation on lunar sea basalt to obtain ferrotitanium concentrate, wherein FeTiO in the ferrotitanium concentrate3The mass content of (A) is 85-95%. In the invention, the content of FeO in the titaniferous iron concentrate is preferably 40-45 wt%, and TiO is preferably selected2The content is preferably 45 to 50 wt%. In the invention, SiO is preferably also included in the titaniferous iron concentrate2CaO and MgO.
In the invention, the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic separation is preferably 15000-20000 GS. In the invention, the tailings obtained by magnetic separation are discharged to a slag field.
In the invention, the magnetic separation is preferably carried out in an ilmenite magnetic separator, and the feeding granularity of the lunar sea basalt when the magnetic separation is carried out is preferably not more than 5 mm.
To obtain H2After mixing with ilmenite concentrate, the invention utilizes the H2Reducing the titanic iron concentrate to obtain iron, titanium dioxide slag and water. In the present invention, the reaction equation in which the reduction occurs is shown as follows:
FeTiO3+H2＝Fe+TiO2+H2O
in the invention, the preferable temperature of the reduction is 930-950 ℃, and the time is preferably 2-3 h. In the present invention, the reduction is preferably carried out in a hydrogen fluidized bed reduction apparatus. In the specific embodiment of the invention, the ilmenite concentrate is preferably loaded into a hydrogen fluidized bed reduction device, the ilmenite concentrate is heated to 930-950 ℃, hydrogen is introduced, reduction is carried out for 2-3 hours, molten iron is discharged, water vapor and hydrogen residual gas are collected to a gas collecting pipe, cooling is carried out to 100-90 ℃, hydrogen is separated from water, the hydrogen is fed to a hydrogen tank, and electrolysis is carried out after water purification.
In the invention, the preferable temperature of the electrolysis is 60-70 ℃. In the present invention, the equation for the water electrolysis is shown as follows:
2H2O＝2H2+O2
in the present invention, the electrolysis is preferably performed using a water electrolysis device, more preferably a PEM diaphragm cell. In the invention, the parameters of the electrolysis preferably include: 500L of electrolytic cell, 2000A of current, 15V of voltage, 60kg of water consumed per hour, 60-200 Nm of oxygen and hydrogen with the purity of 5N obtained by electrolysis3The pressure was 3.5 MPa.
The titanium dioxide slag is subjected to lithium thermal reduction to obtain titanium-silicon alloy and a titanium simple substance. In the invention, the lithium thermal reduction is preferably carried out by adding titanium dioxide slag into Li solution at 190-200 ℃.
In the invention, the titanium dioxide slag comprises titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide, and the equation of the lithium thermal reduction is shown as the following formula:
Li+TiO2＝Ti+Li2O
Li+TiO2+SiO2TiSi (titanium silicon alloy) + Li2O
In the invention, after the lithium thermal reduction, preferably, the method further comprises the steps of washing and separating the lithium thermal reduction product by using water to obtain a LiOH solution, concentrating and crystallizing the LiOH solution to obtain LiOH crystals, wherein the lithium thermal reduction product contains Li2And O. The present invention is not limited to the specific manner of the concentration and crystallization, and may be implemented by a manner known to those skilled in the art. In the invention, the lithium thermal reduction product also comprises magnesium-calcium slag, and the magnesium-calcium slag is preferably discharged after washing and separation.
The invention preferably further comprises melting and electrolyzing the LiOH crystal to obtain water, oxygen and elementary lithium.
In the invention, the temperature of the melt electrolysis is preferably 500 ℃, preferably metallic titanium is used as an anode, liquid lithium is used as a cathode, the cell voltage is preferably 4-5V, and the current is preferably 1000A.
In the present invention, the electrode reaction of the melt electrolysis is as follows:
anode 4OH--4e→2H2O+O2Ea＝-0.41V
Cathode Li++e→Li Ec＝-3.03V
Total reaction 4LiOH → 4Li +2H2O+O2
In the invention, the metal lithium, the hydrogen and the water are recycled, and the dry gaseous oxygen is conveyed to a refrigeration house to be liquefied and stored.
The titanium-silicon alloy is refined to obtain a titanium simple substance and a silicon simple substance. The present invention is not particularly limited to the specific refining mode, and may be performed in a manner known to those skilled in the art.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the method for preparing water, oxygen and elemental metal in situ in the moon provided by the present invention is described in detail with reference to the examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Lunar basalt is used in embodiments of the inventionLunar soil or a simulation sample, comprising the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 2238.2～39.01％,TiO25.21～11.32％,Al2O37.02-9.24% of FeO 15.32-18.52%, MgO5.12-8.61%, CaO 9.31-10.86% and the balance of impurities. The particle size is less than 1 mm.
Example 1
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for preparing water, oxygen and metal in situ in the moon in example 1 of the present invention.
(1) Selecting basalt from the lunar sea in the lunar rainbow bay area, wherein the content of the basalt is SiO239.01wt％,TiO211.32wt％,Al2O39.24 wt%, FeO 18.52 wt%, MgO 8.61 wt%, CaO 10.86 wt%, and the balance impurities.
(2) Firstly, excavating lunar sea basalt by using an excavator, loading the lunar sea basalt into a closed BH550 high-temperature carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen separation device, gradually heating to 500-1000 ℃ by using a solar power generation system, and obtaining H when the heating temperature is 500-600 DEG C2When the heating temperature is 650-750 ℃, N is obtained2And when the heating temperature is 800-1000 ℃, obtaining C, and filling the C into respective storage tanks.
(3) And loading the other part of the lunar sea basalt into a magnetic separator for magnetic separation. The magnetic field intensity of the machine is up to 16000GS, ilmenite concentrate after magnetic separation contains 85-95 wt% of titaniferous iron ore, and tailings are conveyed to a slag discharge field. Ilmenite concentrate, in which FeO content is 40-45 wt%, TiO245-50 wt% of SiO in balance2CaO, MgO, and the like.
(4) And (2) loading ilmenite concentrate into a hydrogen fluidized bed reduction device, heating to 930 ℃, introducing hydrogen, reducing for 2-3 hours, discharging molten iron, collecting water vapor and hydrogen residual gas to a gas collecting pipe, cooling to 100 ℃, separating hydrogen from water, feeding the hydrogen to a hydrogen tank, purifying the water, and then feeding the water into a water electrolysis tank. The smelting slag is TiO2, and contains small amount of CaO, MgO and SiO2。
(5) Injecting purified water into a water electrolytic cell, wherein the electrolysis parameters are as follows: 500L, 2000A, 15V, PEM diaphragm electrolyzer consuming 60kg of water per hour and obtaining H by electrolysis2And O260～200Nm3H, pressure of 3.5MPa, purity of 5N, electricityThe decomposition temperature was 70 ℃.
(6) And adding the titanium dioxide slag into Li liquid at 190-200 ℃ to obtain metal titanium and lithium oxide.
The titanium dioxide slag contains silicon dioxide, Li and TiO2And SiO2TiSi will be formed.
(7)Li2O dissolution washing and crystallization process
The lithium reduces the titanium dioxide to form titanium simple substance (or TiSi) and Li2And O, washing and separating the reduction product with water to obtain a titanium simple substance or titanium-silicon alloy and a LiOH solution, and concentrating and crystallizing the LiOH solution to obtain LiOH crystals.
And refining the titanium-silicon alloy further to obtain simple substance silicon and a simple substance titanium.
(8) And (3) electrolyzing the molten LiOH at the electrolysis temperature of 500 ℃, taking metal titanium as an anode and liquid lithium as a cathode, wherein the cell voltage is 4-5V and the current is 1000A, and collecting water and oxygen.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing water, oxygen and elementary metals in situ in the moon, wherein the elementary metals comprise iron and titanium, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
heating lunar sea basalt in the moon to obtain H2；
Magnetically separating lunar sea basalt to obtain ferrotitanium concentrate, wherein FeTiO in the ferrotitanium concentrate3The mass content of (A) is 85-95%;
using said H2Reducing the ferrotitanium concentrate to obtain iron, titanium dioxide slag and water;
electrolyzing the water to obtain H2And O2；
Carrying out lithium thermal reduction on the titanium dioxide slag to obtain titanium-silicon alloy and a titanium simple substance;
and refining the titanium-silicon alloy to obtain a titanium simple substance.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the heating temperature is 500 to 600 ℃.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field strength of the magnetic separation is 15000 to 20000 GS.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the reduction is 930-950 ℃ and the time is 2-3 h.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the electrolysis is 60 to 70 ℃.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the lithium thermal reduction is carried out by adding titanium dioxide slag into Li solution at 190-200 ℃.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing lithium thermal reduction further comprises washing and separating a lithium thermal reduction product with water to obtain a LiOH solution, and concentrating and crystallizing the LiOH solution to obtain LiOH crystals.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising melt electrolyzing the LiOH crystal to obtain water, oxygen, and elemental lithium.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the melt electrolysis is 500 ℃, the metallic titanium is used as an anode, the liquid lithium is used as a cathode, the cell voltage is 4-5V, and the current is 1000A.
10. The process of claim 1, wherein the magnetic separation is carried out in an ilmenite magnetic separator, and the lunar basalt is subjected to the magnetic separation with a feed particle size of no more than 5 mm.
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