CN111171171A - Method for extracting Cordyceps polysaccharide from Cordyceps flower, and its application in flour making process - Google Patents
Method for extracting Cordyceps polysaccharide from Cordyceps flower, and its application in flour making process Download PDFInfo
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- 241000190633 Cordyceps Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 241001248610 Ophiocordyceps sinensis Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical group CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000012149 noodles Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000004804 polysaccharides Polymers 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 8
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001264174 Cordyceps militaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209490 Nymphaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0003—General processes for their isolation or fractionation, e.g. purification or extraction from biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/125—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols; containing starch hydrolysates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P10/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the products
- A23P10/30—Encapsulation of particles, e.g. foodstuff additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
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- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of extraction and application of nutrients, and particularly relates to a method for extracting cordyceps polysaccharide from cordyceps flower and application of the cordyceps polysaccharide in a flour making process. The invention achieves the effect of high extraction rate of the cordyceps polysaccharide by sequentially crushing, extracting, concentrating and drying, and the cordyceps polysaccharide is embedded and then coated before the flour is made to form an outer-middle-inner three-layer structure, thereby ensuring that the innermost cordyceps polysaccharide still has a stable structure under the high-temperature cooking of the flour food. The invention has the advantages of reasonable and effective extraction process, high extraction rate, simple and convenient extraction operation, strong high temperature resistance of the three-layer structure of the outer coating layer, the middle embedding layer and the inner cordyceps polysaccharide, good stability of the polysaccharide structure and small loss of efficacy in the flour making process and eating, and simple and efficient coating and embedding process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of extraction and application of nutrients, and particularly relates to a method for extracting cordyceps polysaccharide from cordyceps flower and application of the cordyceps polysaccharide in a flour making process.
Background
Cordyceps flower, also called cordyceps militaris, is rich in cordyceps polysaccharide which has the efficacies of resisting tumor, reducing blood sugar, reducing blood fat and the like, so that the cordyceps polysaccharide is initially applied to the industries of food, medicine and the like. On the other hand, in the aspect of food application, if a high-temperature cooking link is met, the polysaccharide structure of the cordyceps polysaccharide is not stable enough, so that the application effect of the cordyceps polysaccharide on food types such as wheaten food and baking which need to be thermally processed is not ideal, and the health care effect of the cordyceps polysaccharide is greatly reduced, so that a novel application method is urgently needed in the market to ensure that the cordyceps polysaccharide can be kept stable in the high-temperature cooking environment so as to expand the application range of the cordyceps polysaccharide in the food field.
Chinese patent publication No. CN 109575150A, published as 2019.04.05, discloses a process for extracting cordyceps polysaccharide, which comprises the steps of extracting polysaccharide and purifying polysaccharide.
However, the extraction process of the cordyceps polysaccharide in the patent of the invention has the problems of low extraction rate, easy damage to polysaccharide structure and low efficacy in direct cooking application after extraction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for extracting cordyceps polysaccharide from cordyceps flower and application of the method in a flour making process, which can achieve the effect of high extraction rate of the cordyceps polysaccharide by sequentially crushing, extracting, concentrating and drying, and before making flour, the cordyceps polysaccharide is embedded and then coated to form an outer-middle-inner three-layer structure, thereby ensuring that the innermost cordyceps polysaccharide still has a stable structure under the high-temperature cooking of flour food. The invention has the advantages of reasonable and effective extraction process, high extraction rate, simple and convenient extraction operation, strong high temperature resistance of the three-layer structure of the outer coating layer, the middle embedding layer and the inner cordyceps polysaccharide, good stability of the polysaccharide structure and small loss of efficacy in the flour making process and eating, and simple and efficient coating and embedding process.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: a method for extracting cordyceps polysaccharide from cordyceps flower sequentially comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning, drying and crushing cordyceps flower to obtain cordyceps pollen;
s2, sequentially carrying out three groups of alternate ultralow-temperature freezing and microwave crushing operations on the cordyceps pollen to obtain cordyceps polysaccharide crude liquid;
s3, extracting, concentrating and freeze-drying the cordyceps polysaccharide crude liquid to obtain the final cordyceps polysaccharide dry powder,
wherein, in step S1, pulverizing, sieving with 80 mesh sieve, in step S2, the temperature of ultra-low temperature freezing operation is-100 deg.C-85 deg.C, single freezing time is 15-20S, microwave power of microwave crushing operation is 500-800w, in step S3, ultrasonic power of extraction operation is 400-500 w, frequency is 20-30KHz, extraction temperature is 85-88 deg.C, pressure of concentration operation is 0.09Mpa, and drying temperature is-60-50 deg.C.
In the invention, the cordyceps pollen is sequentially subjected to three groups of alternate ultralow temperature freezing and microwave crushing, so that cordyceps polysaccharide can be crushed and separated from cells as much as possible, and 95 percent of cordyceps polysaccharide can be extracted and utilized by matching with extraction and concentration operations.
The further preferred technical scheme is as follows: in step S1, the cleaning solution for cleaning comprises 15 wt% citric acid and 20 wt% EDTA, and is washed with distilled water at 65-85 deg.C under 25-65kg/cm2。
The further preferred technical scheme is as follows: in step S2, the freezing liquid of the ultra-low temperature freezing operation is dilute hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 1-1.5mol/l, and the total energy of the microwave crushing operation is 10-12 Mrad.
In the invention, the water for washing and freezing the cordyceps polysaccharide is acidic, which can ensure the stability of the polymeric structure of the cordyceps polysaccharide to the maximum extent and avoid the damage of the glycosidic bond in the polymeric structure by alkaline substances.
The further preferred technical scheme is as follows: in step S2, the crude Cordyceps polysaccharide solution is supernatant obtained after microwave crushing, the supernatant is centrifuged for 25-45min at a speed of 5000-6000 r/min.
The further preferred technical scheme is as follows: in step S3, the stirring speed of the extraction and concentration operation is 150-650r/min, the concentration temperature is 80-110 ℃, the concentration is carried out until the weight is 0.6-0.8% of the original weight, then the second centrifugation operation is carried out to obtain cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide liquid to be freeze-dried, the centrifugation time of the second centrifugation operation is 2-5min, the centrifugation speed is 8000-10000r/min, the supernatant is the cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide liquid, and the cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide liquid is freeze-dried for 5-8min to obtain the final cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide dry powder.
In the invention, the crude cordyceps polysaccharide liquid is supernatant liquid after the first centrifugation, and the extraction and concentration operations are performed with higher-speed centrifugation, so that the purer extraction amount of cordyceps polysaccharide can be ensured.
An application of cordyceps polysaccharide in a flour making process sequentially comprises the following steps:
firstly, mixing and preparing embedded cordyceps polysaccharide;
secondly, coating a high-temperature protective layer on the outer surface of the embedded cordyceps polysaccharide to obtain a coated cordyceps polysaccharide;
thirdly, mixing the coating type cordyceps polysaccharide with flour to be used for the flour making process.
In the invention, the nymphaea polysaccharide is directly added into flour for use, and the polymeric structure of polysaccharide molecules is damaged due to the high-temperature cooking condition, so that a three-layer structure of an outer-side coating, a middle embedding and an innermost cordyceps polysaccharide body is creatively adopted, the cordyceps polysaccharide can be stably ingested and has efficacy, and the cordyceps polysaccharide cannot be heated to lose efficacy.
The further preferred technical scheme is as follows: in the first step, the embedding medium is sodium alginate, the weight ratio of sodium alginate to cordyceps polysaccharide is 0.2:1-0.4:1, the embedding temperature is 45-55 ℃, the embedding and stirring speed is 80-120r/min, the embedding and stirring speed is 10-15min, and then the mixture is kept stand for 5min, thus obtaining the embedded cordyceps polysaccharide.
The further preferred technical scheme is as follows: in the second step, the coating agent is nano bran powder, the mixing and coating speed is 80-100r/min, the coating time is 5-25min, and finally the coating type cordyceps polysaccharide with a three-layer structure is formed.
In the invention, the sodium alginate and the nano bran powder are edible safe products, and the sodium alginate has the bonding effects of bonding cordyceps polysaccharide inwards and bonding nano bran powder outwards, so that the stability of a three-layer structure is finally ensured.
The further preferred technical scheme is as follows: the weight of the cordyceps polysaccharide accounts for 45-65% of the weight of the coating type cordyceps polysaccharide, the particle size of the nano bran powder is 15-55nm, and the nano bran powder is prepared by adopting a laser vapor deposition method.
The further preferred technical scheme is as follows: the temperature of the noodle making process does not exceed 118 ℃.
The invention achieves the effect of high extraction rate of the cordyceps polysaccharide by sequentially crushing, extracting, concentrating and drying, and the cordyceps polysaccharide is embedded and then coated before the flour is made to form an outer-middle-inner three-layer structure, thereby ensuring that the innermost cordyceps polysaccharide still has a stable structure under the high-temperature cooking of the flour food. The invention has the advantages of reasonable and effective extraction process, high extraction rate, simple and convenient extraction operation, strong high temperature resistance of the three-layer structure of the outer coating layer, the middle embedding layer and the inner cordyceps polysaccharide, good stability of the polysaccharide structure and small loss of efficacy in the flour making process and eating, and simple and efficient coating and embedding process.
Detailed Description
The following description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for extracting cordyceps polysaccharide from cordyceps flower sequentially comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning, drying and crushing cordyceps flower to obtain cordyceps pollen;
s2, sequentially carrying out three groups of alternate ultralow-temperature freezing and microwave crushing operations on the cordyceps pollen to obtain cordyceps polysaccharide crude liquid;
s3, extracting, concentrating and freeze-drying the cordyceps polysaccharide crude liquid to obtain the final cordyceps polysaccharide dry powder,
wherein, in step S1, pulverizing, sieving with 80 mesh sieve, in step S2, the temperature of ultra-low temperature freezing operation is-100 deg.C, single freezing time is 15S, microwave power of microwave pulverizing operation is 500w, in step S3, ultrasonic power of extraction operation is 400w, frequency is 20KHz, extraction temperature is 85 deg.C, pressure of concentration operation is 0.09Mpa, and drying temperature is-60 deg.C.
In step S1, the cleaning solution for cleaning comprises 15 wt% citric acid and 20 wt% EDTA, and is washed with distilled water at 65 deg.C under 25kg/cm of pulverizing pressure before drying2。
In step S2, the freezing liquid of the ultra-low temperature freezing operation is a dilute hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 1mol/l, and the total energy of the microwave crushing operation is 10 Mrad.
In step S2, the crude cordyceps polysaccharide solution is supernatant liquid obtained after microwave crushing, the centrifugation time of the supernatant liquid is 25min, and the centrifugation speed is 5000 r/min.
In step S3, the stirring speed of the extraction and concentration operation is 150r/min, the concentration temperature is 80 ℃, the concentration is carried out until the weight is 0.6% of the original weight, then the second centrifugation operation is carried out to obtain cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide liquid to be freeze-dried, the centrifugation time of the second centrifugation operation is 2min, the centrifugation speed is 8000r/min, the supernatant is the cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide liquid, and the cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide liquid is freeze-dried for 5min to obtain the final cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide dry powder.
An application of cordyceps polysaccharide in a flour making process is characterized in that the application method sequentially comprises the following steps:
firstly, mixing and preparing embedded cordyceps polysaccharide;
secondly, coating a high-temperature protective layer on the outer surface of the embedded cordyceps polysaccharide to obtain a coated cordyceps polysaccharide;
thirdly, mixing the coating type cordyceps polysaccharide with flour to be used for the flour making process.
In the first step, the embedding medium is sodium alginate, the weight ratio of sodium alginate to cordyceps polysaccharide is 0.2:1, the embedding temperature is 45 ℃, the embedding and stirring speed is 80r/min, and the embedding and stirring speed is 10min and then the still standing is carried out for 5min, thus obtaining the embedded cordyceps polysaccharide.
In the second step, the coating agent is nano bran powder, the mixing and coating speed is 80r/min, the coating time is 5min, and finally the coating type cordyceps polysaccharide with a three-layer structure is formed.
The weight of the cordyceps polysaccharide accounts for 45% of the weight of the coating type cordyceps polysaccharide, the particle size of the nano bran powder is 15nm, and the nano bran powder is prepared by adopting a laser vapor deposition method.
The temperature of the noodle making process is 110 ℃.
In this example, the final cordyceps polysaccharide extraction rate obtained was: 12.56 g/(100 g cordyceps flower), compared with the extraction rate of 10-11g/100g in the prior art, the extraction rate is greatly improved, and the high cohesiveness of a polysaccharide structure can be still kept in a large range in the flour cooking process, so that the high-efficiency realization effects of the effects of resisting tumors, reducing blood sugar, reducing blood fat and the like are ensured.
Example 2
A method for extracting cordyceps polysaccharide from cordyceps flower sequentially comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning, drying and crushing cordyceps flower to obtain cordyceps pollen;
s2, sequentially carrying out three groups of alternate ultralow-temperature freezing and microwave crushing operations on the cordyceps pollen to obtain cordyceps polysaccharide crude liquid;
s3, extracting, concentrating and freeze-drying the cordyceps polysaccharide crude liquid to obtain the final cordyceps polysaccharide dry powder,
wherein, in step S1, the pulverized material is sieved by a 80-mesh sieve, in step S2, the temperature of ultra-low temperature freezing operation is-90 ℃, the single freezing time is 15S, the microwave power of microwave crushing operation is 600w, in step S3, the ultrasonic power of extraction operation is 400w, the frequency is 25KHz, the extraction temperature is 85 ℃, the pressure of concentration operation is 0.09Mpa, and the drying temperature is-55 ℃.
In step S1, the cleaning solution for cleaning comprises 15 wt% citric acid and 20 wt% EDTA, and is washed with distilled water at 75 deg.C under 45kg/cm2。
In step S2, the freezing liquid in the ultra-low temperature freezing operation is a dilute hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 1.2mol/l, and the total energy in the microwave crushing operation is 11 Mrad.
In step S2, the crude cordyceps polysaccharide solution is supernatant liquid obtained after microwave crushing, the centrifugation time of the supernatant liquid is 35min, and the centrifugation speed is 5000 r/min.
In step S3, the stirring speed of the extraction and concentration operation is 450r/min, the concentration temperature is 90 ℃, the concentration is carried out until the weight is 0.7% of the original weight, then the second centrifugation operation is carried out to obtain cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide liquid to be freeze-dried, the centrifugation time of the second centrifugation operation is 3min, the centrifugation speed is 9000r/min, the supernatant is the cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide liquid, and the cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide liquid is freeze-dried for 5min to obtain the final cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide dry powder.
An application of cordyceps polysaccharide in a flour making process sequentially comprises the following steps:
firstly, mixing and preparing embedded cordyceps polysaccharide;
secondly, coating a high-temperature protective layer on the outer surface of the embedded cordyceps polysaccharide to obtain a coated cordyceps polysaccharide;
thirdly, mixing the coating type cordyceps polysaccharide with flour to be used for the flour making process.
In the first step, the embedding medium is sodium alginate, the weight ratio of sodium alginate to cordyceps polysaccharide is 0.3:1, the embedding temperature is 50 ℃, the embedding and stirring speed is 90r/min, and the embedding and stirring speed is 12min and then the standing is carried out for 5min, so as to obtain the embedded cordyceps polysaccharide.
In the second step, the coating agent is nano bran powder, the mixing and coating speed is 90r/min, the coating time is 15min, and finally the coating type cordyceps polysaccharide with a three-layer structure is formed.
The weight of the cordyceps polysaccharide accounts for 55 percent of that of the coating type cordyceps polysaccharide, the particle size of the nano bran powder is 45nm, and the nano bran powder is prepared by adopting a laser vapor deposition method.
The temperature of the noodle making process is 115 ℃.
In this example, the final cordyceps polysaccharide extraction rate obtained was: 12.74 g/(100 g cordyceps flower), compared with the extraction rate of 10-11g/100g in the prior art, the extraction method has the advantages that the extraction rate is greatly improved, the high cohesiveness of the polysaccharide structure can be still kept in a large range in the flour cooking process, and the high-efficiency realization effects of the effects of resisting tumors, reducing blood sugar, reducing blood fat and the like are ensured.
Example 3
A method for extracting cordyceps polysaccharide from cordyceps flower sequentially comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning, drying and crushing cordyceps flower to obtain cordyceps pollen;
s2, sequentially carrying out three groups of alternate ultralow-temperature freezing and microwave crushing operations on the cordyceps pollen to obtain cordyceps polysaccharide crude liquid;
s3, extracting, concentrating and freeze-drying the cordyceps polysaccharide crude liquid to obtain the final cordyceps polysaccharide dry powder,
wherein, in step S1, the pulverized material is sieved by a 80-mesh sieve, in step S2, the temperature of ultra-low temperature freezing operation is-85 ℃, the single freezing time is 15S, the microwave power of microwave crushing operation is 800w, in step S3, the ultrasonic power of extraction operation is 500w, the frequency is 30KHz, the extraction temperature is 88 ℃, the pressure of concentration operation is 0.09Mpa, and the drying temperature is-50 ℃.
In step S1, the cleaning solution for cleaning operation comprises 15 wt% citric acid and 20 wt% EDTA, and is washed with distilled water at 85 deg.C under 65kg/cm pressure before drying2。
In step S2, the freezing liquid in the ultra-low temperature freezing operation is a dilute hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 1.2mol/l, and the total energy in the microwave crushing operation is 12 Mrad.
In step S2, the crude cordyceps polysaccharide solution is supernatant after microwave crushing, the centrifugation time of the supernatant is 35min, and the centrifugation speed is 6000 r/min.
In step S3, the stirring speed of the extraction and concentration operation is 650r/min, the concentration temperature is 90 ℃, the concentration is carried out until the weight is 0.7% of the original weight, then the second centrifugation operation is carried out to obtain cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide liquid to be freeze-dried, the centrifugation time of the second centrifugation operation is 5min, the centrifugation speed is 10000r/min, the supernatant is the cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide liquid, and the cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide liquid is freeze-dried for 8min to obtain the final cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide dry powder.
An application of cordyceps polysaccharide in a flour making process sequentially comprises the following steps:
firstly, mixing and preparing embedded cordyceps polysaccharide;
secondly, coating a high-temperature protective layer on the outer surface of the embedded cordyceps polysaccharide to obtain a coated cordyceps polysaccharide;
thirdly, mixing the coating type cordyceps polysaccharide with flour to be used for the flour making process.
In the first step, the embedding medium is sodium alginate, the weight ratio of sodium alginate to cordyceps polysaccharide is 0.3:1, the embedding temperature is 55 ℃, the embedding and stirring speed is 120r/min, and the embedding and stirring speed is 15min and then the standing is carried out for 5min, so as to obtain the embedded cordyceps polysaccharide.
In the second step, the coating agent is nano bran powder, the mixing and coating speed is 100r/min, the coating time is 25min, and finally the coating type cordyceps polysaccharide with a three-layer structure is formed.
The weight of the cordyceps polysaccharide accounts for 65 percent of that of the coating type cordyceps polysaccharide, the particle size of the nano bran powder is 55nm, and the nano bran powder is prepared by adopting a laser vapor deposition method.
The temperature of the noodle making process is 118 ℃.
In this example, the final cordyceps polysaccharide extraction rate obtained was: 12.60 g/(100 g cordyceps flower), compared with the extraction rate of 10-11g/100g in the prior art, the extraction rate is greatly improved, and the high cohesiveness of a polysaccharide structure can be still kept in a large range in the flour cooking process, so that the high-efficiency realization effects of the effects of resisting tumors, reducing blood sugar, reducing blood fat and the like are ensured.
While the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. These are non-inventive modifications, which are intended to be protected by patent laws within the scope of the claims appended hereto.
Claims (10)
1. A method for extracting cordyceps polysaccharide from cordyceps flower is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps:
s1, cleaning, drying and crushing cordyceps flower to obtain cordyceps pollen;
s2, sequentially carrying out three groups of alternate ultralow-temperature freezing and microwave crushing operations on the cordyceps pollen to obtain cordyceps polysaccharide crude liquid;
s3, extracting, concentrating and freeze-drying the cordyceps polysaccharide crude liquid to obtain the final cordyceps polysaccharide dry powder,
wherein, in step S1, pulverizing, sieving with 80 mesh sieve, in step S2, the temperature of ultra-low temperature freezing operation is-100 deg.C-85 deg.C, single freezing time is 15-20S, microwave power of microwave crushing operation is 500-800w, in step S3, ultrasonic power of extraction operation is 400-500 w, frequency is 20-30KHz, extraction temperature is 85-88 deg.C, pressure of concentration operation is 0.09Mpa, and drying temperature is-60-50 deg.C.
2. The method for extracting cordyceps polysaccharide from cordyceps flower according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S1, the cleaning solution for cleaning comprises 15 wt% citric acid and 20 wt% EDTA, and is washed with distilled water at 65-85 deg.C under 25-65kg/cm2。
3. The method for extracting cordyceps polysaccharide from cordyceps flower according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S2, the freezing liquid of the ultra-low temperature freezing operation is dilute hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 1-1.5mol/l, and the total energy of the microwave crushing operation is 10-12 Mrad.
4. The method for extracting cordyceps polysaccharide from cordyceps flower according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S2, the crude Cordyceps polysaccharide solution is supernatant obtained after microwave crushing, the supernatant is centrifuged for 25-45min at a speed of 5000-6000 r/min.
5. The method for extracting cordyceps polysaccharide from cordyceps flower according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S3, the stirring speed of the extraction and concentration operation is 150-650r/min, the concentration temperature is 80-110 ℃, the concentration is carried out until the weight is 0.6-0.8% of the original weight, then the second centrifugation operation is carried out to obtain cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide liquid to be freeze-dried, the centrifugation time of the second centrifugation operation is 2-5min, the centrifugation speed is 8000-10000r/min, the supernatant is the cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide liquid, and the cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide liquid is freeze-dried for 5-8min to obtain the final cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide dry powder.
6. An application of cordyceps polysaccharide in a flour making process is characterized in that the application method sequentially comprises the following steps:
firstly, mixing and preparing embedded cordyceps polysaccharide;
secondly, coating a high-temperature protective layer on the outer surface of the embedded cordyceps polysaccharide to obtain a coated cordyceps polysaccharide;
thirdly, mixing the coating type cordyceps polysaccharide with flour to be used for the flour making process.
7. The use of cordyceps polysaccharide in a noodle making process according to claim 6, wherein: in the first step, the embedding medium is sodium alginate, the weight ratio of sodium alginate to cordyceps polysaccharide is 0.2:1-0.4:1, the embedding temperature is 45-55 ℃, the embedding and stirring speed is 80-120r/min, the embedding and stirring speed is 10-15min, and then the mixture is kept stand for 5min, thus obtaining the embedded cordyceps polysaccharide.
8. The use of cordyceps polysaccharide in a noodle making process according to claim 6, wherein: in the second step, the coating agent is nano bran powder, the mixing and coating speed is 80-100r/min, the coating time is 5-25min, and finally the coating type cordyceps polysaccharide with a three-layer structure is formed.
9. The use of cordyceps polysaccharide in a noodle making process according to claim 8, wherein: the weight of the cordyceps polysaccharide accounts for 45-65% of the weight of the coating type cordyceps polysaccharide, the particle size of the nano bran powder is 15-55nm, and the nano bran powder is prepared by adopting a laser vapor deposition method.
10. The use of cordyceps polysaccharide in a noodle making process according to claim 6, wherein: the temperature of the noodle making process does not exceed 118 ℃.
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